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Pawłowska AM, Żurek N, Kapusta I, De Leo M, Braca A. Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Phenolic Extracts of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Fruits and Leaves. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3221. [PMID: 37765385 PMCID: PMC10536983 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Increasing interest in new sources of secondary metabolites as biologically active substances has resulted in an advanced study of many plant species. Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. = Rhaphiolepis bibas (Lour.) Galasso & Banfi, Rosaceae family), an evergreen, subtropical fruit tree, native to China and Japan, but cultivated in southern countries of Europe, is a species commonly used in folk medicine and may be an excellent source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the profile of the phenolic constituents of E. japonica fruits and leaves originating from Tuscany (Italy), as well as their in vitro antioxidant and chemopreventive activities on human cancer cell lines breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2 and HT-29), and glioblastoma (U87MG). Results revealed that the extract of leaves displayed higher antioxidant and anticancer potential than the fruit extract and contained 25 individual phenolic compounds that have been characterized and quantified by the UPLC-PDA-MS method. The antiproliferative activity was correlated with the content of polyphenolic compounds indicating that both fruits and leaves are a good source of antioxidants and may be exploited as nutraceuticals enriching food or as components for the cosmetic/pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Maria Pawłowska
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Natalia Żurek
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Zhu X, Wang L, Zhao T, Jiang Q. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of Eriobotrya japonica leaves: A summary. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 298:115566. [PMID: 35870687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. has been included in "The Plant List" (http://www.theplantlist.org) and is the most widely researched species in its genus. E. japonica is a subtropical evergreen fruit tree belonging to the Rosaceae family. Its dried leaves are widely used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine to treat coughing caused by pulmonary inflammation, dyspnea due to asthma and cough, nausea caused by stomach disorders, restlessness, and thirst. Furthermore, it is used to treat stomach ache, ulcers, chronic bronchitis, cancer, and diabetes mellitus in Japanese folk medicine. However, no systematic reports on E. japonica leaves have been published before. AIM OF THE STUDY This review summarizes the available information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and quality control of various extracts and phytoconstituents of E. japonica leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant publications between 1931 and 2022 were considered. Chinese and English studies on E. japonica leaves were collected from databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, ACS Publications, Springer, and CNKI (Chinese). The traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and quality control of E. japonica leaves were reviewed. RESULTS Briefly, 164 compounds, including triterpenes, flavonoids, sesquiterpene glycosides, megastigmane derivatives, phenylpropanoids, and organic acids, have been identified from E. japonica leaves, in addition to 169 volatile oils. More than half of these compounds have not yet been reported to have pharmacological activities. Triterpenes and flavonoids are the most important bioactive compounds responsible for pharmacological activities, such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. Other beneficial physiological effects such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, bronchodilatory, antitussive, and expectorant effects and tracheal smooth muscle relaxation, protection against myocardial ischemia injury, and improved cognitive activities have also been reported. High doses of E. japonica leaf extracts have been used in laboratory animals, and no side effects or toxicity-symptoms have been observed. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacological activities of E. japonica leaves support their use in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. However, several aspects, such as the bioavailability, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, and structure-activity relationships of the pure compounds isolated from E. japonica leaves, have not been studied yet and warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Tie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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Seong NW, Seo HS, Kim JH, Kim YJ, Kim E, Lee JY, Ko JW, Kim JC. A 13-week subchronic toxicity study of an Eriobotrya japonica leaf extract in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 226:1-10. [PMID: 30048729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eriobotrya japonica leaf is widely used in traditional medicine, and exhibits various beneficial effects such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. However, limited data are available on the potential adverse effects of E. japonica. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the potential subchronic toxicity of an E. japonica leaf extract (EJE) through a 13-week repeated oral dose experiment in Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty male and 40 female rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: three treatment groups receiving 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day of EJE and a vehicle control group receiving sterile distilled water for 13 weeks. RESULTS Repeated oral administration of EJE for 13 weeks did not cause any treatment-related adverse effects with respect to clinical symptoms, body weight, food and water consumption, urinalysis, ophthalmology, necropsy findings, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weight, and histopathological examination at any dose tested. Although some changes were observed in clinical symptoms, organ weight, hematology, and histopathology, these findings did not show a dose-response relationship and were within normal historical ranges for control rats. CONCLUSION Under the present experimental conditions, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of EJE was > 1000 mg/kg/day in both sexes and no target organs were identified. The results suggest that the EJE is a safe traditional medicine for clinical applications at proper dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nak-Won Seong
- Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR), 12-67 Sandan-gil, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58141, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Sik Seo
- Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR), 12-67 Sandan-gil, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Kim
- Health Care Institute, Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR), 12-67 Sandan-gil, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Kim
- Korea INS Pharm Research Institute, 72 Dongnonggong-gil, Dong-myeon, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58143, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kim
- Korea INS Pharm Research Institute, 72 Dongnonggong-gil, Dong-myeon, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58143, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yeol Lee
- Korea INS Pharm Research Institute, 72 Dongnonggong-gil, Dong-myeon, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58143, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Jeong MH, Seong NW, Lee JY, Kim YJ, Shin NR, Kim JC. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the genotoxicity of Eriobotrya japonica leaf extract. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 99:238-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Liu Y, Zhang W, Xu C, Li X. Biological Activities of Extracts from Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.): A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1983. [PMID: 27929430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is a subtropical fruit tree with high medicinal value native to China. Different organs of loquat have been used historically as folk medicines and this has been recorded in Chinese history for thousands of years. Research shows that loquat extracts contain many antioxidants, and different extracts exhibit bioactivity capable of counteracting inflammation, diabetes, cancer, bacterial infection, aging, pain, allergy and other health issues. Bioactive compounds such as phenolics and terpenoids have been isolated and characterized to provide a better understanding of the chemical mechanisms underlying the biological activities of loquat extracts. As the identification of compounds progresses, studies investigating the in vivo metabolism, bioavailability, and structure–activity relationships, as well as potential toxicity of loquat extracts in animal or cell models are receiving more attention. In addition, genetic studies and breeding of loquat germplasms for high contents of health-benefiting compounds may provide new insight for the loquat industry and research. This review is focused on the main medicinal properties reported and the possible pharmaceutically active compounds identified in different loquat extracts.
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Gao J, Zhang J, Qu Z, Zhou H, Tong Y, Liu D, Yang H, Gao W. Study on the mechanisms of the bronchodilator effects of Folium Eriobotryae and the selected active ingredient on isolated guinea pig tracheal strips. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:2742-2752. [PMID: 27251608 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1183134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Folium Eriobotryae (FE), the dry leaf of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae), has been widely used to treat respiratory disorders. OBJECTIVE To examine the bronchodilatory activity of FE and the potential mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of ethyl acetate fraction of FE (EFE) (0.05-0.3 mg/mL) on the isolated tracheal strips, and ursolic acid (UA) (5-30 μg/mL) that was the main constituent of EFE, were tested in vitro. Meanwhile, acetylcholine (Ach) and histamine (His)-induced bronchospasm were conducted in vivo in guinea pig. Furthermore, mechanisms of relaxant effects of EFE and UA were evaluated in the absence and presence of specific inhibitors. RESULTS With in vitro studies, the contractile response evoked by Ach or His (EC50 = 0.21 and 0.16 mg/mL) was decreased by EFE, and UA caused a concentration-dependent relaxation precontracted by His (EC50 = 23.2 μg/mL). With in vivo studies, EFE strongly prolonged preconvulsive time similar to isoprenalin. The bronchodilator effects of EFE could be blocked by propranolol (1 μM), NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) (100 μM) and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ) (1 μM). EFE also inhibited the contraction in Ca2+-free medium and produced rightward parallel displacement of CaCl2 curves. In addition, the relaxant effects of UA could only be blocked by l-NAME and ODQ. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results suggest that bronchodilator activities of EFE were related to activation of β-adrenoceptor and NO/cGMP pathway. Blockage of Ca2+ channels and inhibition of IP3R-mediated internal Ca2+ release were also involved. Additionally, UA produced relaxant effects by the NO/cGMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- b Department of Pharmacy , Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China
| | - Zhuo Qu
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China
| | - Hong Zhou
- c Traditional Chinese Medicine Factory , Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Corporation Ltd , Tianjin , China
| | - Yongling Tong
- c Traditional Chinese Medicine Factory , Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Corporation Ltd , Tianjin , China
| | - Dan Liu
- c Traditional Chinese Medicine Factory , Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Corporation Ltd , Tianjin , China
| | - Honggai Yang
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China
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Choi EK, Ko MH, Park SH, Ha KC, Baek HI, Kim YJ, Lee JY, Chae HJ, Cho KP, Won YH, Chae SW. Eriobotrya japonica Improves Cognitive Function in Healthy Adolescents: A 12-week, Randomized Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.370.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Objective To assess the total and soluble oxalate contents of commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs. Methods Twenty-two Chinese medicinal herbs were extracted in both acid and water prior to determination of total and soluble oxalate, respectively. Oxalate was assayed in herbal extracts using a well-established enzymatic procedure. Results Among the 22 medicinal herbs, there was significant variation in oxalate content; Houttuynia cordata contained the highest amount of soluble oxalate (2146 mg/100 g) and Selaginella doederleinii contained the lowest amount (71 mg/100 g). Conclusion The results indicated that different Chinese medicinal herbs, even from the same family, contain significantly different amounts of oxalate. In susceptible individuals, the use of medicinal herbs with the highest oxalate contents could increase risk of kidney stone formation.
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Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing rapidly and it is expected to increase by 2030. Other than currently available therapeutic options, there are a lot of herbal medicines, which have been recommended for its treatment. Herbal medicines have long been used for the treatment of DM because of the advantage usually having no or less side-effects. Most of these plants have antioxidant activities and hence, prevent or treat hard curable diseases, other than having the property of combating the toxicity of toxic or other drugs. In this review other than presenting new findings of DM, the plants, which are used and have been evaluated scientifically for the treatment of DM are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Nasri
- Department of Nephrology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Sharekord, Iran
| | - Azar Baradaran
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Sung B, Hwang SY, Kim MJ, Kim M, Jeong JW, Kim CM, Chung HY, Kim ND. Loquat leaf extract enhances myogenic differentiation, improves muscle function and attenuates muscle loss in aged rats. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:792-800. [PMID: 26178971 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A main characteristic of aging is the debilitating, progressive and generalized impairment of biological functions, resulting in an increased vulnerability to disease and death. Skeletal muscle comprises approximately 40% of the human body; thus, it is the most abundant tissue. At the age of 30 onwards, 0.5‑1% of human muscle mass is lost each year, with a marked acceleration in the rate of decline after the age of 65. Thus, novel strategies that effectively attenuate skeletal muscle loss and enhance muscle function are required to improve the quality of life of older subjects. The aim of the present study was to determine whether loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) leaf extract (LE) can prevent the loss of skeletal muscle function in aged rats. Young (5-month-old) and aged (18‑19-month-old) rats were fed LE (50 mg/kg/day) for 35 days and the changes in muscle mass and strength were evaluated. The age‑associated loss of grip strength was attenuated, and muscle mass and muscle creatine kinase (CK) activity were enhanced following the administration of LE. Histochemical analysis also revealed that LE abrogated the age‑associated decrease in cross‑sectional area (CSA) and decreased the amount of connective tissue in the muscle of aged rats. To investigate the mode of action of LE, C2C12 murine myoblasts were used to evaluate the myogenic potential of LE. The expression levels of myogenic proteins (MyoD and myogenin) and functional myosin heavy chain (MyHC) were measured by western blot analysis. LE enhanced MyoD, myogenin and MyHC expression. The changes in the expression of myogenic genes corresponded with an increase in the activity of CK, a myogenic differentiation marker. Finally, LE activated the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which is involved in muscle protein synthesis during myogenesis. These findings suggest that LE attenuates sarcopenia by promoting myogenic differentiation and subsequently promoting muscle protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Research Center for Anti‑Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
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Li ZH, Zhu H, Cai XP, He DD, Hua JL, Ju JM, Lv H, Ma L, Li WL. Simultaneous determination of five triterpene acids in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and its application in pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Folium Eriobotryae effective fraction. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1791-7. [PMID: 26033261 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Folium Eriobotryae effective fraction (FEA), the extract of Folium Eriobotryae, had been used as anti-hyperglycemia and anti-hyperlipemia medicine in China. A previous study indicated that euscaphic acid, maslinic acid, corosolic acid, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid, the five structurally similar triterpene acids (containing two groups of structural isomers), are the major components of FEA. In the present study, we developed a specific and reliable LC-MS method for simultaneous determination of the five triterpene acids in rat plasma, and further investigated their pharmacokinetic properties after oral administration of FEA. Following a simple sample preparation, chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column with a mobile phase composed of methanol-0.1% ammonium acetate (80:20, v/v). Quantification was achieved by monitoring the selected ions at m/z 487.6 for euscaphic acid, m/z 471.5 for maslinic acid and corosolic acid, m/z 455.5 for oleanolic acid and ursolic acid and m/z 469.5 for internal standard. The method was validated to be specific, accurate and precise over the concentration ranges of 10-3000 ng/mL with limits of detections of 5 ng/mL for the five triterpene acids. Finally, the method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of the five structurally similar triterpene acids in rats after oral administration of FEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Li
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ping Cai
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan He
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Lei Hua
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ming Ju
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Lv
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Wei-Lin Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
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Zhang J, Li Y, Chen SS, Zhang L, Wang J, Yang Y, Zhang S, Pan Y, Wang Y, Yang L. Systems pharmacology dissection of the anti-inflammatory mechanism for the medicinal herb Folium eriobotryae. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:2913-41. [PMID: 25636035 PMCID: PMC4346873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16022913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of many diseases like diabetes, cancers, atherosclerosis and arthritis. Thus, lots of concerns have been raised toward developing novel anti-inflammatory agents. Many alternative herbal medicines possess excellent anti-inflammatory properties, yet their precise mechanisms of action are yet to be elucidated. Here, a novel systems pharmacology approach based on a large number of chemical, biological and pharmacological data was developed and exemplified by a probe herb Folium Eriobotryae, a widely used clinical anti-inflammatory botanic drug. The results show that 11 ingredients of this herb with favorable pharmacokinetic properties are predicted as active compounds for anti-inflammatory treatment. In addition, via systematic network analyses, their targets are identified to be 43 inflammation-associated proteins including especially COX2, ALOX5, PPARG, TNF and RELA that are mainly involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, the rheumatoid arthritis pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway. All these demonstrate that the integrated systems pharmacology method provides not only an effective tool to illustrate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of herbs, but also a new systems-based approach for drug discovery from, but not limited to, herbs, especially when combined with further experimental validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiao Zhang
- Key laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Key laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Su-Shing Chen
- System Biology Lab, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Lilei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi 445000, China.
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Key laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yinfeng Yang
- Key laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Key laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yanqiu Pan
- Key laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Lab of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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Wang Z, Wang J, Chan P. Treating type 2 diabetes mellitus with traditional chinese and Indian medicinal herbs. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 2013:343594. [PMID: 23737828 DOI: 10.1155/2013/343594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a fast-growing epidemic affecting people globally. Furthermore, multiple complications and comorbidities are associated with T2DM. Lifestyle modifications along with pharmacotherapy and patient education are the mainstay of therapy for patients afflicted with T2DM. Western medications are frequently associated with severe adverse drug reactions and high costs of treatment. Herbal medications have long been used in the treatment and prevention of T2DM in both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and traditional Indian medicine (TIM). This review examines in vivo, in vitro, and clinical evidence supporting the use of various herbs used in TCM and TIM. The problems, challenges, and opportunities for the incorporation of herbal frequently used in TCM and TIM into Western therapy are presented and discussed.
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Hung HY, Qian K, Morris-Natschke SL, Hsu CS, Lee KH. Recent discovery of plant-derived anti-diabetic natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:580-606. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np00074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kim JS, Harikrishnan R, Kim MC, Jang IS, Kim DH, Hong SH, Balasundaram C, Heo MS. Enhancement of Eriobotrya japonica extracts on non-specific immune response and disease resistance in kelp grouper Epinephelus bruneus against Vibrio carchariae. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2011; 31:1193-1200. [PMID: 22032903 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of Eriobotrya japonica extracts at 0%, 0.1%, 1.0%, and 2.0% doses supplementation with feed on non-specific immune response, hematological and biochemical profile, and disease resistance against Vibrio carchariae in kelp grouper Epinephelus bruneus at weeks 1, 2, and 4. The white blood cell (WBC) significantly increased in fish fed with 0.1%, 1.0%, and 2.0% diets on weeks 1 and 2 when compared to the control. However, the glucose always decreased from the control except on week 2 against pathogen. The serum total protein, albumin, and globulin significantly increased at week 2 but they did not changed significantly at weeks 1 and 4. The superoxide anion, lymphokines production index, and phogocytosis did not significantly increased in any diet on the first week whereas it was significantly enhanced in 1.0% and 2.0% supplementation diets on weeks 2 and 4 against V. carchariae when compared to control. All diets significantly enhanced the serum lysozyme activity, bactericidal activity, and haemolytic complement activity from weeks 1-4 as compared to control. The serum agglutinating antibody titre did not significantly enhance on the first week whereas it was significantly enhanced on weeks 2 and 4. Fish fed with 1.0% and 2.0% doses diets was found lower mortality than 0.1% diet. Thus, this study suggested that 1.0% and 2.0% doses supplementation diets could be advocated to enhance the immune response and production disease from V. carchariae in E. bruneus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Sang Kim
- Marine Applied Microbes and Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea
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Kim MJ, Lee J, Seong AR, Lee YH, Kim YJ, Baek HY, Kim YJ, Jun WJ, Yoon HG. Neuroprotective effects of Eriobotrya japonica against β-amyloid-induced oxidative stress and memory impairment. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:780-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rollinger JM, Kratschmar DV, Schuster D, Pfisterer PH, Gumy C, Aubry EM, Brandstötter S, Stuppner H, Wolber G, Odermatt A. 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibiting constituents from Eriobotrya japonica revealed by bioactivity-guided isolation and computational approaches. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:1507-15. [PMID: 20100662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11beta-HSD1), which catalyzes the conversion of inactive 11-ketoglucocorticoids to active 11beta-hydroxyglucocorticoids, emerged as promising strategy to treat symptoms of the metabolic syndrome, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this study the leaves of the anti-diabetic medicinal plant loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) were phytochemically investigated following hints from a pharmacophore-based virtual screening and a bioactivity-guided approach. Determination of the 11beta-HSD1 and 11beta-HSD2 inhibitory activities in cell lysates revealed triterpenes from the ursane type as selective, low micro-molar inhibitors of 11beta-HSD1, that is, corosolic acid (1), 3-epicorosolic acid methyl ester (4), 2-alpha hydroxy-3-oxo urs-12-en-28-oic acid (6), tormentic acid methyl ester (8), and ursolic acid (9). Importantly, a mixture of loquat constituents with moderate activities displayed a pronounced additive effect. By means of molecular modeling studies and the identification of the 11beta-HSD1-inhibiting 11-keto-ursolic acid (17) and 3-acetyl-11-keto-ursolic acid (18) a structure-activity relationship was deduced for this group of pentacyclic triterpenes. The mechanism of action elucidated in the present work together with the previously determined pharmacological activities provides these natural products with an astonishing multi-targeted anti-diabetic profile.
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Lü H, Chen J, Li WL, Ren BR, Wu JL, Zhang HQ. Hypoglycemic effect of the total flavonoid fraction from folium Eriobotryae. Phytomedicine 2009; 16:967-971. [PMID: 19427773 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The antidiabetic effect of the total flavonoids fraction from leaves of Eriobotrya japonica (EJF) was evaluated through normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice with graded oral doses of 150, 300, 450 mg/kg for 7 days or 14 days. The result showed that the dose of 300 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg resulted significant hypoglycemic effect on normal mice, the dose of 300 mg/kg induced significant decrease in plasma glucose concentration (PGC), glycosylated serum protein (GSP), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG), and significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and serum insulin level in streptozotocin-diabetic mice. These results suggested that EJF has hypoglycemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lü
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
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Qa'dan F, Verspohl EJ, Nahrstedt A, Petereit F, Matalka KZ. Cinchonain Ib isolated from Eriobotrya japonica induces insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 124:224-7. [PMID: 19397981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY Eriobotrya japonica leaves had been used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes mellitus by immersing the dried leaves in a hot water drink. Few studies have shown the hypoglycemic effect of Eriobotrya japonica using crude alcoholic extract and isolated methanolic compounds. These studies proposed that the mechanism of action could be by stimulating the beta-islets of Langerhans to secrete insulin, however with no scientific evidence. METHODS Eriobotrya japonica water extract (EJWE) and the compounds derived from it: cinchonain Ib, procyanidin B-2, chlorogenic acid and epicatechin, were tested for their effects on insulin secretion from INS-1 cells and following oral administration in rats. RESULTS The present study showed that EJWE increased significantly (p<0.05) insulin secretion from INS-1 cells in dose-dependent manner. Oral administration of EJWE at 230 mg/kg to rats, however, decreased plasma insulin level for as long as 240 min post-administration and caused a transient drop of blood glucose at 15 and 30 min post-administration. On the other hand, cinchonain Ib enhanced significantly (p<0.05) insulin secretion from INS-1 cells, whereas epicatechin inhibited significantly (p<0.05) insulin secretion from INS-1 cells. In addition, cinchonain Ib enhanced significantly (150%: p<0.05) plasma insulin level in rats for as long as 240 min after 108 mg/kg oral administration but did not induce any change in blood glucose level. CONCLUSION These data indicate that cinchonain Ib has an insulinotropic effect and suggest the possible use of cinchonain Ib for managing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Qa'dan
- Department of Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Petra University, Amman, Jordan.
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Lü H, Chen J, Li WL, Ren BR, Wu JL, Kang HY, Zhang HQ, Adams A, De Kimpe N. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of the total triterpene acid fraction from Folium Eriobotryae. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 122:486-91. [PMID: 19429317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
For seeking the good natural material to develop new agent to treat diabetes, the total triterpene acid (TTA) fraction extracted from Folium Eriobotryae [leaves of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.] was evaluated for its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic potential through normal, alloxan and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice administered with graded oral doses (100, 200, 300 mg/(kg day)) for 7 or 14 days. The results showed that a dose of 300 mg/kg of TTA is the most effective dose to cause significant (p<0.01) hypoglycemic and/or hypolipidemic effects on normal, alloxan and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. This dose also significantly (p<0.01) lowered the glycosylated serum protein (GSP), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) level in severely diabetic mice. Furthermore, TTA increased the superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and the serum insulin level of diabetic mice. These evidences indicated that the total triperpene acid fraction from Folium Eriobotryae has a high anti-diabetic potential along with a good hypolipidemic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lü
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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