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Lei C, Wang J, Li X, Mao YY, Yan JQ. Changes of insulin receptors in high fat and high glucose diet mice with insulin resistance. Adipocyte 2023; 12:2264444. [PMID: 37830511 PMCID: PMC10578188 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2023.2264444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to observe the expression of insulin-signaling molecules in different organs of mice with insulin resistance (IR). Firstly, mice were fed a high-fat and high-sugar diet (HF group) to establish an IR model, and the controls (NF group) were fed with a normal diet. Next, the weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin and insulin tolerance were detected. Pathological changes of liver tissues were observed by H&E staining. The expressions of INSR, IRS-1 and IRS-2 in the liver, skeletal muscle and ovary were measured by qRT-PCR and western blotting. As a result, compared with the NF group, the HF group mice had increased weight, FBG, insulin and IR index after 6-week of feeding as well as a worse performance in the insulin tolerance test and H&E staining showed fatty liver-like changes after 12-week of feeding, exhibited lower expression of INSR, IRS-1 and IRS-2 in the liver of mice at 6 and 12 weeks. The expression of INSR and IRS-1 in skeletal muscle tissues exhibited the same trend, while those in ovary organs showed the opposite trend. These results suggested that the insulin signaling alters in the liver, skeletal muscle and ovary organs with the progress of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lei
- Physiological Department, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, China
- Department of geriatrics and special needs, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Research Office, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of nutrition, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Mao
- Department of geriatrics and special needs, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jian-Qun Yan
- Physiological Department, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, China
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Yue X, Hao W, Wang M, Fu Y. Astragalus polysaccharide ameliorates insulin resistance in HepG2 cells through activating the STAT5/IGF-1 pathway. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1071. [PMID: 38018587 PMCID: PMC10664394 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is considered as a major factor initiating type 2 diabetes mellitus and can lead to a reduction in glucose uptake that mainly occurs in the liver. Astragalus polysaccharide (APC), extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine, has been recorded to suppress IR. However, the underlying mechanism remains inadequately explored. METHODS IR was induced in HepG2 cells which further underwent APC treatment. Cell viability was determined by cell counting kit-8 assay. Pretreatment with AG490, an inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling, was performed for investigating the influence of STAT5 on APC. Glucose uptake level was reflected by 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate content determined through colorimetric assay. Expression levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), phosphorylated-STAT5/STAT5, and p-protein kinase B (AKT)/AKT in the cells were assessed by Western blot. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to detect IGF-1 secretion in the cells. RESULTS APC at doses of 10 and 20 mg increased the viability of HepG2 cells with/without IR induction, and abrogated IR-induced inhibition of glucose intake. Meanwhile, APC (10 mg) offset IR-induced inhibition on the expressions of IGF-1R and IGF-1, the activation of AKT and STAT5, and the secretion of IGF-1 in HepG2 cells. More importantly, the reversal effect of APC on IR-induced alterations in HepG2 cells was counteracted by AG490. CONCLUSION APC ameliorates IR in HepG2 cells through activating the STAT5/IGF-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yue
- Department of Clinical CollegeHE UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Clinical CollegeHE UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Clinical CollegeHE UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangLiaoningChina
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Ding L, Guan H, Yang W, Guo H, Zang C, Liu Y, Ren S, Liu J. Modulatory Effects of Co-Fermented Pu-erh Tea with Aqueous Corn Silk Extract on Gut Microbes and Fecal Metabolites in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:3642. [PMID: 37630832 PMCID: PMC10458734 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pu-erh tea is recognized for its weight loss effects, but its potential association with gut microbiota and metabolites remains unclear. This research explored the alterations in gut flora and metabolite composition upon treatment with a co-fermented Pu-erh tea with an aqueous corn silk extract (CPC) in obese mice by employing integrated 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics processes. For 8 weeks, mice were fed control, high-fat, and high-fat diets which included a 46 mg/mL CPC extract. The CPC extract the alleviated high-fat diet (HFD), it stimulated systemic chronic inflammation, and it reduced the body weight, daily energy consumption, and adipose tissue weight of the mice. It also modified the gut microbiota composition and modulated the Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Allobaculum, Turicibacter, and Rikenella genera. Fecal metabolomics analysis revealed that the CPC extract influenced the caffeine, cysteine, methionine, tryptophan, biotin metabolism pathways, primary bile acid, and steroid biosynthesis. This research revealed that the CPC extract could inhibit HFD-stimulated abnormal weight gain and adipose tissue accumulation in mice, and modulate mice gut microbiota composition and multiple metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (L.D.); (H.G.); (W.Y.); (H.G.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hong Guan
- Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (L.D.); (H.G.); (W.Y.); (H.G.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (L.D.); (H.G.); (W.Y.); (H.G.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hao Guo
- Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (L.D.); (H.G.); (W.Y.); (H.G.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chuangang Zang
- Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (L.D.); (H.G.); (W.Y.); (H.G.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuchao Liu
- Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (L.D.); (H.G.); (W.Y.); (H.G.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shan Ren
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Jicheng Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines for Anticancer, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
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Yang M, Qi X, Li N, Kaifi JT, Chen S, Wheeler AA, Kimchi ET, Ericsson AC, Scott Rector R, Staveley-O'Carroll KF, Li G. Western diet contributes to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in male mice via remodeling gut microbiota and increasing production of 2-oleoylglycerol. Nat Commun 2023; 14:228. [PMID: 36646715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between western diet and gut microbiota drives the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. However, the specific microbial and metabolic mediators contributing to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis remain to be identified. Here, a choline-low high-fat and high-sugar diet, representing a typical western diet, named CL-HFS, successfully induces male mouse non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with some features of the human disease, such as hepatic inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis. Metataxonomic and metabolomic studies identify Blautia producta and 2-oleoylglycerol as clinically relevant bacterial and metabolic mediators contributing to CL-HFS-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In vivo studies validate that both Blautia producta and 2-oleoylglycerol promote liver inflammation and hepatic fibrosis in normal diet- or CL-HFS-fed mice. Cellular and molecular studies reveal that the GPR119/TAK1/NF-κB/TGF-β1 signaling pathway mediates 2-oleoylglycerol-induced macrophage priming and subsequent hepatic stellate cell activation. These findings advance our understanding of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis and provide targets for developing microbiome/metabolite-based therapeutic strategies against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Wang X, He Q, Zhou C, Xu Y, Liu D, Fujiwara N, Kubota N, Click A, Henderson P, Vancil J, Marquez CA, Gunasekaran G, Schwartz ME, Tabrizian P, Sarpel U, Fiel MI, Diao Y, Sun B, Hoshida Y, Liang S, Zhong Z. Prolonged hypernutrition impairs TREM2-dependent efferocytosis to license chronic liver inflammation and NASH development. Immunity 2023; 56:58-77.e11. [PMID: 36521495 PMCID: PMC9839616 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced chronic liver inflammation is a hallmark of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-an aggressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, it remains unclear how such a low-grade, yet persistent, inflammation is sustained in the liver. Here, we show that the macrophage phagocytic receptor TREM2, induced by hepatocyte-derived sphingosine-1-phosphate, was required for efferocytosis of lipid-laden apoptotic hepatocytes and thereby maintained liver immune homeostasis. However, prolonged hypernutrition led to the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-1β in the liver to induce TREM2 shedding through ADAM17-dependent proteolytic cleavage. Loss of TREM2 resulted in aberrant accumulation of dying hepatocytes, thereby further augmenting proinflammatory cytokine production. This ultimately precipitated a vicious cycle that licensed chronic inflammation to drive simple steatosis transition to NASH. Therefore, impaired macrophage efferocytosis is a previously unrecognized key pathogenic event that enables chronic liver inflammation in obesity. Blocking TREM2 cleavage to restore efferocytosis may represent an effective strategy to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qifeng He
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanli Zhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yueyuan Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Regeneration Center, Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Danhui Liu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Arielle Click
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Polly Henderson
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Janiece Vancil
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cesia Ammi Marquez
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ganesh Gunasekaran
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Myron E Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Parissa Tabrizian
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Umut Sarpel
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maria Isabel Fiel
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yarui Diao
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Regeneration Center, Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Zhenyu Zhong
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Araki M, Nakagawa Y, Saito H, Yamada Y, Han SI, Mizunoe Y, Ohno H, Miyamoto T, Sekiya M, Matsuzaka T, Sone H, Shimano H. Hepatocyte- or macrophage-specific SREBP-1a deficiency in mice exacerbates methionine- and choline-deficient diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G627-G639. [PMID: 36283088 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00090.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are master transcription factors for lipid synthesis, and SREBP-1 is important for fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis. SREBP-1 has two isoforms, SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c, which are splicing variants transcribed from the Srebf1 gene. Although SREBP-1a exhibits stronger transcriptional activity than SREBP-1c, hepatic SREBP-1c is considered more physiologically important. We generated SREBP-1a flox mice using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and hepatocyte- and macrophage-specific SREBP-1a knockout (KO) mice (LKO, liver-knockout; and mΦKO, macrophage-knockout). There were no significant differences among all the mouse genotypes upon feeding with a normal diet. However, feeding with a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet resulted in exacerbated liver injury in both KO mice. In LKO mice, fatty liver was unexpectedly exacerbated, leading to macrophage infiltration and inflammation. In contrast, in mΦKO mice, the fatty liver state was similar to that in flox mice, but the polarity of the macrophages in the liver was transformed into a proinflammatory M1 subtype, resulting in the exacerbation of inflammation. Taken together, we found that SREBP-1a does not contribute to hepatic lipogenesis, but in either hepatocytes or macrophages distinctly controls the onset of pathological conditions in MCD diet-induced hepatitis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hepatocyte- and macrophage-specific SREBP-1a knockout mice were generated for the first time. This study reveals that SREBP-1a does not contribute to hepatic lipogenesis, but in either hepatocytes or macrophages distinctly controls the onset of pathological conditions in methionine- and choline-deficient diet-induced hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Araki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakagawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Division of Complex Biosystem Research, Department of Research and Development, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hodaka Saito
- Division of Complex Biosystem Research, Department of Research and Development, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasunari Yamada
- Division of Complex Biosystem Research, Department of Research and Development, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Song-Iee Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuhei Mizunoe
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takafumi Miyamoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Motohiro Sekiya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center (TMRC), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan
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Ding L, Ren S, Song Y, Zang C, Liu Y, Guo H, Yang W, Guan H, Liu J. Modulation of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites by corn silk among high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:935612. [PMID: 35978956 PMCID: PMC9376456 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.935612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corn silk (CS) is known to reduce cholesterol levels, but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive concerning the gut microbiota and metabolites. The aim of our work was to explore how altered gut microbiota composition and metabolite profile are influenced by CS intervention in mice using integrated 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing and an untargeted metabolomics methodology. The C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal control diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with the aqueous extract of CS (80 mg/mL) for 8 weeks. HFD-induced chronic inflammation damage is alleviated by CS extract intervention and also resulted in a reduction in body weight, daily energy intake as well as serum and hepatic total cholesterol (TC) levels. In addition, CS extract altered gut microbial composition and regulated specific genera viz. Allobaculum, Turicibacter, Romboutsia, Streptococcus, Sporobacter, Christensenella, ClostridiumXVIII, and Rikenella. Using Spearman’s correlation analysis, we determined that Turicibacter and Rikenella were negatively correlated with hypercholesterolemia-related parameters. Fecal metabolomics analysis revealed that CS extract influences multiple metabolic pathways like histidine metabolism-related metabolites (urocanic acid, methylimidazole acetaldehyde, and methiodimethylimidazoleacetic acid), sphingolipid metabolism-related metabolites (sphinganine, 3-dehydrosphinganine, sphingosine), and some bile acids biosynthesis-related metabolites including chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), and glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA). As a whole, the present study indicates that the modifications in the gut microbiota and subsequent host bile acid metabolism may be a potential mechanism for the antihypercholesterolemic effects of CS extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- Department of Scientific Research, Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shan Ren
- College of Basic Medical, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yaoxin Song
- Department of Scientific Research, Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Chuangang Zang
- Department of Scientific Research, Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yuchao Liu
- Department of Scientific Research, Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Scientific Research, Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Department of Scientific Research, Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hong Guan
- Department of Scientific Research, Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jicheng Liu
- Department of Scientific Research, Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China.,Qiqihar Academy of Medical Sciences, Qiqihar, China
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Chen W, Tumanov S, Fazakerley DJ, Cantley J, James DE, Dunn LL, Shaik T, Suarna C, Stocker R. Bilirubin deficiency renders mice susceptible to hepatic steatosis in the absence of insulin resistance. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102152. [PMID: 34610553 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Plasma concentrations of bilirubin, a product of heme catabolism formed by biliverdin reductase A (BVRA), inversely associate with the risk of metabolic diseases including hepatic steatosis and diabetes mellitus in humans. Bilirubin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and may also regulate insulin signaling and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) activity. However, a causal link between bilirubin and metabolic diseases remains to be established. Here, we used the global Bvra gene knockout (Bvra–/–) mouse as a model of deficiency in bilirubin to assess its role in metabolic diseases. Approach & results We fed mice fat-rich diets to induce hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Bile pigments were measured by LC-MS/MS, and hepatic lipids by LC-MS/MS (non-targeted lipidomics), HPLC-UV and Oil-Red-O staining. Oxidative stress was evaluated measuring F2-isoprostanes by GC-MS. Glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity were verified by glucose and insulin tolerance tests, ex vivo and in vivo glucose uptake, and Western blotting for insulin signaling. Compared with wild type littermates, Bvra–/– mice contained negligible bilirubin in plasma and liver, and they had comparable glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. However, Bvra–/– mice exhibited an inflamed and fatty liver phenotype, accompanied by hepatic accumulation of oxidized triacylglycerols and F2-isoprostanes, in association with depletion of α-tocopherol. α-Tocopherol supplementation reversed the hepatic phenotype and observed biochemical changes in Bvra–/– mice. Conclusions Our data suggests that BVRA deficiency renders mice susceptible to oxidative stress-induced hepatic steatosis in the absence of insulin resistance. Low plasma levels of bilirubin associate with increased metabolic disease risk. A direct link between bilirubin and metabolic disease remains to be established. Global BVRA deficiency causes global bilirubin deficiency and a fatty, inflamed liver. This hepatic phenotype is linked to decreased vitamin E and increased lipid oxidation. Vitamin E supplements restore normal liver phenotype in BVRA deficiency.
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Fouda S, Khan A, Chan S, Mahzari A, Zhou X, Qin C, Vlahos R, Ye JM. Exposure to cigarette smoke precipitates simple hepatosteatosis to NASH in high-fat diet fed mice by inducing oxidative stress. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2103-2119. [PMID: 34427662 PMCID: PMC8436265 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of diet rich in fat and cigarette smoking (CS) are independent risk factors of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and they often occur together in some populations. The present study investigated the mechanisms of high-fat diet (HFD) and CS, individually and in combination, on the pathogenesis of NASH in mice. C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to either a low-fat chow (CH) or HFD with or without mainstream CS-exposure (4 cigarettes/day, 5 days/ week for 14 weeks). HFD alone caused hepatosteatosis (2.5-fold increase in TG content) and a significant increase in 3-nitrotyrisine (by ∼40-fold) but without an indication of liver injury, inflammation or fibrosis. CS alone in CH-fed mice increased in Tnfα expression and macrophage infiltration by 2-fold and relatively less increase in 3-nitrotyrosine (18-fold). Combination of HFD and CS precipitated hepatosteatosis to NASH reflected by exacerbated makers of liver inflammation and fibrosis which were associated with much severe liver oxidative stress (90-fold increase in 3-nitrotyrisine along with 6-fold increase in carbonylated proteins and 56% increase in lipid oxidations). Further studies were performed to administer the antioxidant tempol to CS exposed HFD mice and the results showed that the inhibition of liver oxidative stress prevented inflammatory and fibrotic changes in liver despite persisting hepatosteatosis. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress is a key mechanism underlying CS-promoted progression of simple hepatosteatosis to NASH. Targeting hepatic oxidative stress may be a viable strategy in halting the progression of metabolic associated fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherouk Fouda
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anwar Khan
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stanley M.H. Chan
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ali Mahzari
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65527, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiu Zhou
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Lima RPD, Nunes PIG, Viana AFSC, Oliveira FTBD, Silva RAC, Alves APNN, Viana DA, Fonseca SGC, Carvalho AA, Chaves MH, Rao VS, Santos FA. α,β-Amyrin prevents steatosis and insulin resistance in a high-fat diet-induced mouse model of NAFLD via the AMPK-mTORC1-SREBP1 signaling mechanism. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e11391. [PMID: 34406209 PMCID: PMC8373198 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e11391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by hepatosteatosis and steatohepatitis, is intrinsically related to obesity. Our previous study reported on the anti-obese activity of α,β-amyrin (AMY), a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Protium heptaphyllum. This study investigated its ability to prevent fatty liver and the underlying mechanism using the mouse model of NAFLD. NAFLD was induced in male Swiss mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 15 weeks. The controls were fed a normal chow diet (ND). The mice were simultaneously treated with AMY at 10 and 20 mg/kg or fenofibrate at 50 mg/kg. Lipid levels along with metabolic and inflammatory parameters were assessed in liver and serum. The liver sections were histologically examined using H&E staining. RT-qPCR and western blotting assays were performed to analyze signaling mechanisms. Mice fed HFD developed severe hepatic steatosis with elevated triglycerides and lipid droplets compared with ND controls. This was associated with a decrease in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, an increase of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, and enhanced sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression, which have roles in lipogenesis, inhibition of lipolysis, and inflammatory response. AMY treatment reversed these signaling activities and decreased the severity of hepatic steatosis and inflammatory response, evidenced by serum and liver parameters as well as histological findings. AMY-induced reduction in hepatic steatosis seemed to involve AMPK-mTORC1-SREBP1 signaling pathways, which supported its beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P de Lima
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - P I G Nunes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A F S C Viana
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - F T B de Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R A C Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A P N N Alves
- Departamento de Clínica Odontológica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - D A Viana
- Laboratório de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Ciência Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - S G C Fonseca
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A A Carvalho
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí, Piripiri Campus, Piripiri, PI, Brasil
| | - M H Chaves
- Departamento de Química, Ministro Petrônio Portella Campus, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - V S Rao
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - F A Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Hsieh YC, Lee KC, Lei HJ, Lan KH, Huo TI, Lin YT, Chan CC, Schnabl B, Huang YH, Hou MC, Lin HC. (Pro)renin Receptor Knockdown Attenuates Liver Fibrosis Through Inactivation of ERK/TGF-β1/SMAD3 Pathway. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:813-838. [PMID: 34087453 PMCID: PMC8340309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Activation of the (pro)renin receptor (PRR) up-regulates the expression of profibrotic genes in the kidney and heart. We aimed to investigate the role of PRR in hepatic fibrogenesis. METHODS Human hepatic PRR levels were measured in patients with or without liver fibrosis. PRR expression was analyzed in primary mouse hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Experimental fibrosis was studied in thioacetamide (TAA)-treated or methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. Lentivirus-mediated PRR short hairpin RNA was used to knockdown hepatic PRR expression. Lentiviral vectors expressing PRR short hairpin RNA or complementary DNA from the α-smooth muscle actin promoter were used for myofibroblast-specific gene knockdown or overexpression. RESULTS PRR is up-regulated in human and mouse fibrotic livers, and in activated HSCs. Hepatic PRR knockdown reduced liver fibrosis by suppressing the activation of HSCs and expression of profibrotic genes in TAA or MCD diet-injured mice without significant changes in hepatic inflammation. Renin and prorenin increased the expression of PRR and production of TGF-β1 in human activated HSC Lieming Xu-2 cells, and knockdown of PRR inactivated Lieming Xu-2 cells with decreased production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (Smad3) phosphorylation. Myofibroblast-specific PRR knockdown also attenuated liver fibrosis in TAA or MCD diet-injured mice. Mice with both myofibroblast-specific and whole-liver PRR knockdown showed down-regulation of the hepatic extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Myofibroblast-specific PRR overexpression worsened TAA-induced liver fibrosis by up-regulating the ERK/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. CONCLUSIONS PRR contributes to liver fibrosis and HSC activation, and its down-regulation attenuates liver fibrosis through inactivation of the ERK/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Therefore, PRR is a promising therapeutic target for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Cheng Hsieh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chuan Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Kuei-Chuan Lee, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan. fax: (886) 2-2873-9318.
| | - Hao-Jan Lei
- Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Hsin Lan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ia Huo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsung Lin
- Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chang Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Noichi J, Ishiakawa T, Ichi I, Fujiwara Y. Effect of tocotrienol on the primary progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a mouse model. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 70:140-146. [PMID: 35400820 PMCID: PMC8921727 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocotrienol (T3), a vitamin E (Vit E) isoform, is known to have both biological and antioxidant effects. Although alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc), another isoform of Vit E is suggested to be a useful treatment against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the effect of T3 on NASH is unclear. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the effects of T3 and α-Toc on NASH in the early stage of NASH progression, using a recently established NASH mouse model induced by a choline-deficient l-amino acid-defined high-fat diet (CDAHFD). Six-week-old male mice were divided into four groups (n = 6 per group) and fed the CDAHFD for 1 week. The first group was given no other treatment (Pre). The other three groups continued the CDAHFD plus daily oral administration of Vit E-free corn oil (Control), corn oil containing α-Toc, or corn oil containing T3 for additional 2 weeks. Neither Vit E treatment changed the histologic features of NASH, but T3 significantly reduced the mRNA expression of several genes related to inflammation and fibrosis and α-Toc did not. These results suggested that oral T3 treatment was more effective than α-Toc at suppressing hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in the early stage of NASH progression in CDAHFD model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Noichi
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate Course of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University
| | | | - Ikuyo Ichi
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate Course of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University
| | - Yoko Fujiwara
- Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University
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13
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Sui M, Jiang X, Sun H, Liu C, Fan Y. Berberine Ameliorates Hepatic Insulin Resistance by Regulating microRNA-146b/SIRT1 Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2525-2537. [PMID: 34113144 PMCID: PMC8187038 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s313068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic insulin resistance is a major initiating factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. In previous study, Gegen Qinlian Decoction containing berberine could enhance hepatic insulin sensitivity by SIRT1-dependent deacetylation of FOXO1. However, it is not clear whether berberine also can improve hepatic insulin sensitivity by SIRT1/FOXO1 pathway. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of berberine for improving hepatic insulin resistance and the possible molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS In vitro, HepG2 cells were induced with palmitic acid, and glycogen synthesis was examined. In vivo, a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mouse model was established, and metabolic parameters were assessed. The expressions of miR-146b and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in liver were also examined. The relationship between miR-146b and SIRT1 was examined by the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS Serum biochemical parameters, such as glucose and HOMA-IR index, were increased in HFD mice; miR-146b and SIRT1 were abnormally expressed in HFD mice and palmitic acid-treated HepG2 cells. Interestingly, berberine reduced body weight and caused a significant improvement in glucose tolerance and HOMA-IR index without altering food intake in mice. Overexpression of miR-146b abolished the protective effect of berberine on palmitic acid-induced impaired glycogen synthesis in HepG2 cells. Luciferase assay showed that miR-146b directly targeted SIRT1. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that berberine could attenuate hepatic insulin resistance through the miR-146b/SIRT1 pathway, which may represent a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Sui
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongping Sun
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaofu Fan
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yaofu Fan; Chao Liu Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 100 Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-25-8560 8733 Email ;
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14
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Yang F, Huang P, Shi L, Liu F, Tang A, Xu S. Phoenixin 14 Inhibits High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Experimental Mice. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:3865-3874. [PMID: 33061293 PMCID: PMC7519838 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s258857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases. The development of NAFLD is closely associated with hepatic lipotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The new concept of NAFLD treatment is to seek molecular control of lipid metabolism and hepatic redox hemostasis. Phoenixin is a newly identified neuropeptide with pleiotropic effects. This study investigated the effects of phoenixin 14 against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in mice. Materials and Methods For this study, we used HFD-induced NAFLD mice models to analyze the effect of phonenixin14. The mice were fed on HFD and normal diet and also given phoenixin 14 (100 ng/g body weight) by gastrogavage for 10 weeks. The peripheral blood samples were collected for biochemical assays. The liver tissues were examined for HFD-induced tissue fibrosis, lipid deposition and oxidative activity including SOD, GSH, and MDA. The liver tissues were analyzed for the inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress pathway genes. Results The results indicate that phoenixin 14 significantly ameliorated HFD-induced obesity and fatty liver. The biochemical analysis of blood samples revealed that phoenixin 14 ameliorated HFD-induced elevated circulating alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, suggesting that phoenixin 14 has a protective role in liver function and lipid metabolism. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Oil Red O staining of the liver showed that phoenixin 14 alleviated HFD-induced tissue damage and lipid deposition in the liver. Furthermore, the mice administered with phoenixin 14 had increased hepatic SOD activity, increased production of GSH and reduced MDA activity, as well as reduced production of TNF-α and IL-6 suggesting that phoenixin 14 exerts beneficial effects against inflammation and ROS. The findings suggest an explanation of how mechanistically phoenixin 14 ameliorated HFD-induced reduced activation of the SIRT1/AMPK and NRF2/HO-1 pathways. Conclusion Collectively, this study revealed that phoenixin 14 exerts a protective effect in experimental NAFLD mice. Phoenixin could be of the interest in preventive modulation of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China
| | - Liandong Shi
- Department of Ultrasonography, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Ministry of Health Care, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimei Tang
- Department of Ministry of Health Care, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohui Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China
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15
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Abstract
Dietary capsaicin exhibits anti-steatosis activity in obese mice. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice is a highly studied approach to develop non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we determined whether the topical application of capsaicin can improve lesions of NAFLD. The HFD-induced mice were treated with daily topical application of capsaicin for 8 weeks. Topical application of capsaicin reduced liver fat in HFD-fed mice. Capsaicin stimulated carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT)-1 and CD36 expression, which are associated with β-oxidation and fatty acids influx of liver while it decreased the expression of key enzymes involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, such as acetyl Co-A carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the elevated level of adiponectin in liver tissue of the capsaicin-treated mice. These results suggest that the topical application of capsaicin suppresses liver fat accumulation through the upregulation of β-oxidation and de novo lipogenesis in HFD-induced NAFLD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Shin
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Man Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - In-Seob Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
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16
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Korsmo HW, Edwards K, Dave B, Jack-Roberts C, Yu H, Saxena A, Salvador M, Dembitzer M, Phagoora J, Jiang X. Prenatal Choline Supplementation during High-Fat Feeding Improves Long-Term Blood Glucose Control in Male Mouse Offspring. Nutrients 2020; 12:E144. [PMID: 31947955 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity increases the risk of metabolic dysregulation in rodent offspring, especially when offspring are exposed to a high-fat (HF), obesogenic diet later in life. We previously demonstrated that maternal choline supplementation (MCS) in HF-fed mouse dams during gestation prevents fetal overgrowth and excess adiposity. In this study, we examined the long-term metabolic influence of MCS. C57BL/6J mice were fed a HF diet with or without choline supplementation prior to and during gestation. After weaning, their pups were exposed to either a HF or control diet for 6 weeks before measurements. Prenatal and post-weaning dietary treatments led to sexually dimorphic responses. In male offspring, while post-weaning HF led to impaired fasting glucose and worse glucose tolerance (p < 0.05), MCS in HF dams (HFCS) attenuated these changes. HFCS (versus maternal normal fat control) appeared to improve metabolic functioning of visceral adipose tissue during post-weaning HF feeding, preventing the elevation in leptin and increasing (p < 0.05) mRNA expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1) that promotes peripheral insulin signaling in male offspring. In contrast, MCS had minimal effects on metabolic outcomes of female offspring. In conclusion, MCS during HF feeding in mice improves long-term blood glucose homeostasis in male offspring when they are faced with a postnatal obesogenic environment.
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Tamer F, Ulug E, Akyol A, Nergiz-Unal R. The potential efficacy of dietary fatty acids and fructose induced inflammation and oxidative stress on the insulin signaling and fat accumulation in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:110914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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18
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Velázquez KT, Enos RT, Bader JE, Sougiannis AT, Carson MS, Chatzistamou I, Carson JA, Nagarkatti PS, Nagarkatti M, Murphy EA. Prolonged high-fat-diet feeding promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alters gut microbiota in mice. World J Hepatol 2019; 11:619-637. [PMID: 31528245 PMCID: PMC6717713 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i8.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an epidemic largely due to the worldwide increase in obesity. While lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapies have been used to alleviate NAFLD, successful treatment options are limited. One of the main barriers to finding safe and effective drugs for long-term use in NAFLD is the fast initiation and progression of disease in the available preclinical models. Therefore, we are in need of preclinical models that (1) mimic the human manifestation of NAFLD and (2) have a longer progression time to allow for the design of superior treatments.
AIM To characterize a model of prolonged high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for investigation of the long-term progression of NAFLD.
METHODS In this study, we utilized prolonged HFD feeding to examine NAFLD features in C57BL/6 male mice. We fed mice with a HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, and 20% carbohydrate) for 80 wk to promote obesity (Old-HFD group, n = 18). A low-fat diet (LFD) (14% fat, 32% protein, and 54% carbohydrate) was administered for the same duration to age-matched mice (Old-LFD group, n = 15). An additional group of mice was maintained on the LFD (Young-LFD, n = 20) for a shorter duration (6 wk) to distinguish between age-dependent and age-independent effects. Liver, colon, adipose tissue, and feces were collected for histological and molecular assessments.
RESULTS Prolonged HFD feeding led to obesity and insulin resistance. Histological analysis in the liver of HFD mice demonstrated steatosis, cell injury, portal and lobular inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, molecular analysis for markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress established that the liver tissue of HFD mice have increased phosphorylated Jnk and CHOP. Lastly, we evaluated the gut microbial composition of Old-LFD and Old-HFD. We observed that prolonged HFD feeding in mice increased the relative abundance of the Firmicutes phylum. At the genus level, we observed a significant increase in the abundance of Adercreutzia, Coprococcus, Dorea, and Ruminococcus and decreased relative abundance of Turicibacter and Anaeroplasma in HFD mice.
CONCLUSION Overall, these data suggest that chronic HFD consumption in mice can mimic pathophysiological and some microbial events observed in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandy T Velázquez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Reilly T Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Jackie E Bader
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Alexander T Sougiannis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Meredith S Carson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - James A Carson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
- College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Prakash S Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - E Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
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Kheder R, Hobkirk J, Saeed Z, Janus J, Carroll S, Browning MJ, Stover C. Vitamin D 3 supplementation of a high fat high sugar diet ameliorates prediabetic phenotype in female LDLR -/- and LDLR +/+ mice. Immun Inflamm Dis 2017; 5:151-162. [PMID: 28474500 PMCID: PMC5418139 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fatty liver disease is prevalent in populations with high caloric intake. Nutritherapeutic approaches are being considered, such as supplementary Vitamin D3 , to improve aspects of metabolic syndrome, namely fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance associated with obesity. METHODS We analyzed female LDLR-/- and LDLR+/+ mice on a 10-week diabetogenic diet for markers of fatty liver disease, metabolic strain, and inflammation. RESULTS The groups on a high fat high sugar diet with supplementary Vitamin D3 , in comparison with the groups on a high fat high sugar diet alone, showed improved transaminase levels, significantly less hypertriglyceridemia and hyperinsulinemia, and histologically, there was less pericentral hepatic steatosis. Levels of non-esterified fatty acids and lipid peroxidation products were significantly lower in the group supplemented with additional Vitamin D3 , as were systemic markers of inflammation (serum endotoxin and IL-6). M2 macrophage phenotype predominated in the group supplemented with additional Vitamin D3 . Beneficial changes were observed as early as five weeks' supplementation with Vitamin D3 and extended to restoration of high fat high sugar diet induced decrease of bone mineral density. CONCLUSION In summary, Vitamin D3 was a significantly beneficial dietary additive to blunt a prediabetic phenotype in diet-induced obesity of female LDLR-/- and LDLR+/+ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiar Kheder
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- College of Nursing, University of Raparin, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - James Hobkirk
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Zeayd Saeed
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Nursing, Technical institute of Samawa, Iraq
| | - Justyna Janus
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sean Carroll
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Michael J Browning
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Immunology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - Cordula Stover
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Cai CX, Buddha H, Castelino-Prabhu S, Zhang Z, Britton RS, Bacon BR, Neuschwander-Tetri BA. Activation of Insulin-PI3K/Akt-p70S6K Pathway in Hepatic Stellate Cells Contributes to Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:968-78. [PMID: 28194671 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are hallmark features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis (NASH). It remains unclear whether and how insulin contributes to the development of fibrosis in NASH. In this study, we explored insulin signaling in the regulation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and the progression of NASH-fibrosis. METHODS Phosphorylation of Akt and p70S6K were examined in primary HSC and in a rat model of NASH-fibrosis induced by high-fat and high-cholesterol diet for 24 weeks. HSC activation was analyzed for the changes in cell morphology, intracellular lipid droplets, expression of α-SMA and cell proliferation. The serum markers and histology for NASH-fibrosis were also characterized in animals. RESULTS Insulin enhanced the expression of smooth muscle actin-α in quiescent but not in activated HSC in culture. Insulin-mediated activation of the PI3K/Akt-p70S6K pathway was involved in the regulation of profibrogenic effects of insulin. Although insulin did not stimulate HSC proliferation directly, the insulin-PI3K/Akt-p70S6K pathway was necessary for serum-enhanced cell proliferation during initial HSC activation. In a rat model of NASH-fibrosis induced by high-fat and high-cholesterol diet, hyperinsulinemia is associated with the activation of p70S6K and enhanced fibrosis. CONCLUSION The insulin-PI3K/Akt-p70S6K pathway plays an important role in the early activation of HSC. The profibrogenic effect of insulin is dependent on the activation stage of HSC. Dysregulation of the insulin pathway likely correlates with the development of fibrosis in NASH, suggesting a potentially novel antifibrotic target of inhibiting insulin signaling in HSC.
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Engstler AJ, Sellmann C, Jin CJ, Brandt A, Herz K, Priebs J, Bergheim I. Treatment with alpha-galactosylceramide protects mice from early onset of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Role of intestinal barrier function. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28067024 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The role of invariant natural killer T cells in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has not yet been fully understood. Here, the effect of the invariant natural killer T-cell activator alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) on the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and intestinal barrier function was assessed in a mouse model of early Western-style diet (WSD) induced NASH. METHODS AND RESULTS Female C57BL/6J mice were either fed a liquid control diet or a liquid fructose-enriched WSD for 6 wk while being treated three times weekly with αGalCer (2 μg intraperitoneal) or vehicle. Indices of liver damage, glucose metabolism, and intestinal permeability were measured. Treatment with αGalCer markedly suppressed hepatic fat accumulation and inflammation while not affecting fasting glucose. The protective effects of αGalCer were associated with a protection against the increased translocation of bacterial endotoxins and the decreased protein levels of tight junction proteins occludin and zonula occludens 1 found in vehicle-treated mice while being fed a WSD. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that the protective effects of αGalCer against the development of a diet-induced NASH in mice are associated with a protection against the increased translocation of intestinal bacterial endotoxins associated with the development of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janina Engstler
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Cathrin Sellmann
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathleen Herz
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Josephine Priebs
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kim HJ, Kim S, Lee AY, Jang Y, Davaadamdin O, Hong SH, Kim JS, Cho MH. The Effects of Gymnema sylvestre in High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders. Am J Chin Med 2017; 45:813-832. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
This study used an integrated approach to investigate the effects of Gymnema sylvestre (GS) extract as a functional dietary supplement with a high-fat diet. This approach examined insulin resistance, the dysfunction of adipose tissue, and liver steatosis. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for the acute and chronic study, in addition to GS in different doses (100, 250 and 500[Formula: see text]mg/kg body weight). Their body composition changes, serum lipid and glucose parameters, adipose and liver tissue histology, and gene expression were measured. It was found that GS significantly suppressed the increase of body weight, serum levels of lipid, insulin and leptin, and adipose tissue, and liver inflammation. GS also demonstrated hypoglycemic effects due to the amylase inhibition activity. Our results support the existence of a relationship between the HFD induced insulin resistance, adipose dysfunction and liver steatosis. In conclusion, GS works as a functional dietary supplement with preventative effects against metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jeong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Daehangno 103-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Orkhonselenge Davaadamdin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk, Medical Innovation Foundation, 88-gil, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- R&D Center, Biterials Co., Ltd., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Daehangno 103-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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Norris KM, Okie W, Kim WK, Adhikari R, Yoo S, King S, Pazdro R. A high-fat diet differentially regulates glutathione phenotypes in the obesity-prone mouse strains DBA/2J, C57BL/6J, and AKR/J. Nutr Res 2016; 36:1316-24. [PMID: 27866830 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous tripeptide glutathione (GSH) is a critical component of the endogenous antioxidant defense system. Tissue GSH concentrations and redox status (GSH/GSSG) are genetically controlled, but it is unclear whether interactions between genetic background and diet affect GSH homeostasis. The current study tested the hypothesis that a high-fat diet regulates GSH homeostasis in a manner dependent on genetic background. At 4 months of age, female mice representing 3 obesity-prone inbred strains-C57BL/6J (B6), DBA/2J (D2), and AKR/J (AKR)-were randomly assigned to consume a control (10% energy from fat) or high-fat (62% energy from fat) diet for 10 weeks (n=5/diet per strain). Tissue GSH levels, GSSG levels, and GSH/GSSG were quantified, and hepatic expression of GSH-related enzymes was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The high-fat diet caused a decrease in hepatic GSH/GSSG in D2 mice. In contrast, B6 mice exhibited a decrease in GSSG levels in the liver and kidney, as well as a resultant increase in renal GSH/GSSG. AKR mice also exhibited increased renal GSH/GSSG on a high-fat diet. Finally, the high-fat diet induced a unique gene expression response in D2 mice compared with B6 and AKR. The D2 response was characterized by up-regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit and down-regulation of glutathione reductase, whereas the B6 and AKR responses were characterized by up-regulation of glutathione peroxidase 1. Two-way analysis of variance analyses confirmed several diet-strain interactions within the GSH system, and linear regression models highlighted relationships between body mass and GSH outcomes as well. Overall, our data indicate that dietary fat regulates the GSH system in a strain-dependent manner.
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Zhao X, Shen C, Zhu H, Wang C, Liu X, Sun X, Han S, Wang P, Dong Z, Ma X, Hu K, Sun A, Ge J. Trans-Fatty Acids Aggravate Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis in C57BL/6 Mice, Possibly by Suppressing the IRS1 Dependent Pathway. Molecules. 2016;21:pii: E705. [PMID: 27248994 PMCID: PMC6273562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-fatty acid consumption has been reported as a risk factor for metabolic disorders and targeted organ damages. Nonetheless, little is known about the roles and mechanisms of trans-fatty acids in obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and hepatic steatosis. Adult C57BL/6 male mice were fed with four different diets for 20 weeks: normal diet (ND), high fat diet (HFD), low trans-fatty acids diet (LTD) and high trans-fatty acid diet (HTD). The diet-induced metabolic disorders were assessed by evaluating body weight, glucose tolerance test, hepatic steatosis and plasma lipid profiles post 20-week diet. Histological (H&E, Oil-Red-O) staining and western blot analysis were employed to assess liver steatosis and potential signaling pathways. After 20-weeks of diet, the body weights of the four groups were 29.61 ± 1.89 g (ND), 39.04 ± 4.27 g (HFD), 34.09 ± 2.62 g (LTD) and 43.78 ± 4.27 g (HTD) (p < 0.05), respectively. HFD intake significantly impaired glucose tolerance, which was impaired further in the mice consuming the HTD diet. The effect was further exacerbated by HTD diet. Moreover, the HTD group exhibited significantly more severe liver steatosis compared with HFD group possibly through regulating adipose triglyceride lipase. The group consuming the HTD also exhibited significantly reduced levels of IRS1, phosphor-PKC and phosphor-AKT. These results support our hypothesis that consumption of a diet high in trans-fatty acids induces higher rates of obesity, IR and hepatic steatosis in male C57BL/6 mice, possibly by suppressing the IRS1dependent pathway.
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Jiang X, Greenwald E, Jack-Roberts C. Effects of Choline on DNA Methylation and Macronutrient Metabolic Gene Expression in In Vitro Models of Hyperglycemia. Nutr Metab Insights 2016; 9:11-7. [PMID: 27081315 PMCID: PMC4825771 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s29465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient that plays an important role in lipid metabolism and DNA methylation. Studies in rodents suggest that choline may adversely affect glycemic control, yet studies in humans are lacking. Using the human hepatic and placental cells, HepG2 and BeWo, respectively, we examined the interaction between choline and glucose treatments. In HepG2 cells, choline supplementation (1 mM) increased global DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferase expression in both low-glucose (5 mM) and high-glucose (35 mM) conditions. Choline supplementation increased the expression of peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1), which mediates fatty acid β-oxidation, especially in the high-glucose condition. High-glucose exposure increased the transcription of the gluconeogenic gene phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), while choline supplementation mitigated such increase. Compared to HepG2 cells, the placenta-derived BeWo cells were relatively unresponsive to either high-glucose or -choline treatment. In conclusion, choline and glucose interacted to affect macronutrient metabolic genes, yet there was no indication that choline may worsen glycemic control in these in vitro human cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyin Jiang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Esther Greenwald
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Han X, Liu C, Xue Y, Wang J, Xue C, Yanagita T, Gao X, Wang Y. Long-term fatty liver-induced insulin resistance in orotic acid-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:735-43. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1123608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We investigated whether fatty liver preceded insulin resistance or vice versa using a long-term orotic acid (OA)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model without the confounding effects of obesity and hyperlipidemia and explored the role of the liver in insulin resistance. Male Wistar rats were fed with or without OA supplementation for 30, 60, and 90 days. The NAFLD group showed increased liver lipid at 30, 60, and 90 days; glucose intolerance was noted at 60 and 90 days. Furthermore, partial liver proteins and gene expressions related to upstream signaling of insulin were decreased. However, the liver glycogen content was elevated, and gluconeogenesis genes expressions were obviously decreased at 90 days. The occurrence of fatty liver preceded insulin resistance in OA-induced NAFLD without the interference of obesity and hyperlipidemia, and hepatic insulin resistance may not play a conclusive role in insulin resistance in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Xiang Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, Saint John's, Canada
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Chen R, Wang Q, Song S, Liu F, He B, Gao X. Protective role of autophagy in methionine-choline deficient diet-induced advanced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016;770:126-133. [PMID: 26593434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet leads to severe liver injury similar to human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Autophagy has emerged as a critical lysosomal pathway that maintains cell function and survival through the degradation of cellular components such as organelles and proteins. The goal of this study was to elucidate the role of autophagy in MCD-induced steatosis, fibrosis, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in mice. Mice were fed with MCD diet and treated with rapamycin (an autophagy enhancer) or chloroquine (an autophagy inhibitor) for 10 weeks. Liver injury was evaluated biochemically and histologically together with hepatic gene expression analysis. Autophagic flux was impaired in livers of mice fed with MCD diet, evidenced by reduced ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and increased protein expression of p62. It was found that autophagy activation by rapamycin attenuated MCD-induced steatosis, fibrosis, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ER stress. By contrast, MCD mice treated with chloroquine developed more liver injury. In conclusions, the autophagic pathway plays an important protective role in MCD-induced advanced NASH. Thus, pharmacological promotion of autophagy may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of NASH.
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Sellmann C, Jin CJ, Degen C, De Bandt JP, Bergheim I. Oral Glutamine Supplementation Protects Female Mice from Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Nutr 2015; 145:2280-6. [PMID: 26246326 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.215517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors, a diet rich in fat and sugar, and an impaired intestinal barrier function are critical in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The nonessential amino acid glutamine (Gln) has been suggested to have protective effects on intestinal barrier function but also against the development of liver diseases of various etiologies. OBJECTIVE The effect of oral Gln supplementation on the development of Western-style diet (WSD)-induced NASH in mice was assessed. METHODS Female 6- to 8-wk-old C57BL/6J mice were pair-fed a control (C) diet or a WSD alone or supplemented with 2.1 g l-Gln/kg body weight for 6 wk (C+Gln or WSD+Gln). Indexes of liver damage, lipid peroxidation, and glucose metabolism and endotoxin concentrations were measured. RESULTS Although Gln supplementation had no effect on the loss of the tight junction protein occludin, the increased portal endotoxin and fasting glucose concentrations found in WSD-fed mice, markers of liver damage (e.g., nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score and number of neutrophils in the liver) were significantly lower in the WSD+Gln group than in the WSD group (~47% and ~60% less, respectively; P < 0.05). Concentrations of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and 3-nitrotyrosin protein adducts were significantly higher in livers of WSD-fed mice than in all other groups (~8.6- and ~1.9-fold higher, respectively, compared with the C group; P < 0.05) but did not differ between WSD+Gln-, C-, and C+Gln-fed mice. Hepatic tumor necrosis factor α and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 concentrations were significantly higher in WSD-fed mice (~1.6- and ~1.8-fold higher, respectively; P < 0.05) but not in WSD+Gln-fed mice compared with C mice. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the protective effects of oral Gln supplementation on the development of WSD-induced NASH in mice are associated with protection against the induction of iNOS and lipid peroxidation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin Sellmann
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Degen
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jean-Pascal De Bandt
- Nutrition Biology Laboratory EA4466, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; and Clinical Chemistry Department, Paris Center University Hospitals, Public Assistance Hospitals of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany;
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Machado MV, Michelotti GA, Xie G, de Almeida TP, Boursier J, Bohnic B, Guy CD, Diehl AM. Mouse models of diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis reproduce the heterogeneity of the human disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127991. [PMID: 26017539 PMCID: PMC4446215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the potentially progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is the pandemic liver disease of our time. Although there are several animal models of NASH, consensus regarding the optimal model is lacking. We aimed to compare features of NASH in the two most widely-used mouse models: methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet and Western diet. Methods Mice were fed standard chow, MCD diet for 8 weeks, or Western diet (45% energy from fat, predominantly saturated fat, with 0.2% cholesterol, plus drinking water supplemented with fructose and glucose) for 16 weeks. Liver pathology and metabolic profile were compared. Results The metabolic profile associated with human NASH was better mimicked by Western diet. Although hepatic steatosis (i.e., triglyceride accumulation) was also more severe, liver non-esterified fatty acid content was lower than in the MCD diet group. NASH was also less severe and less reproducible in the Western diet model, as evidenced by less liver cell death/apoptosis, inflammation, ductular reaction, and fibrosis. Various mechanisms implicated in human NASH pathogenesis/progression were also less robust in the Western diet model, including oxidative stress, ER stress, autophagy deregulation, and hedgehog pathway activation. Conclusion Feeding mice a Western diet models metabolic perturbations that are common in humans with mild NASH, whereas administration of a MCD diet better models the pathobiological mechanisms that cause human NAFLD to progress to advanced NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Verdelho Machado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gregory Alexander Michelotti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Guanhua Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Thiago Pereira de Almeida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Jerome Boursier
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Brittany Bohnic
- Division of Endocrinology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Cynthia D. Guy
- Division of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Worsztynowicz P, Napierała M, Białas W, Grajek W, Olkowicz M. Pancreatic α-amylase and lipase inhibitory activity of polyphenolic compounds present in the extract of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L.). Process Biochem 2014; 49:1457-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Perry RJ, Samuel VT, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. The role of hepatic lipids in hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature. 2014;510:84-91. [PMID: 24899308 DOI: 10.1038/nature13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 791] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its downstream sequelae, hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, are rapidly growing epidemics, which lead to increased morbidity and mortality rates, and soaring health-care costs. Developing interventions requires a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which excess hepatic lipid develops and causes hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Proposed mechanisms implicate various lipid species, inflammatory signalling and other cellular modifications. Studies in mice and humans have elucidated a key role for hepatic diacylglycerol activation of protein kinase Cε in triggering hepatic insulin resistance. Therapeutic approaches based on this mechanism could alleviate the related epidemics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes.
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