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Marsan CB, Lee SG, Nguyen A, Gordillo Sierra AR, Coleman SM, Brooks SM, Alper HS. Leveraging a Y. lipolytica naringenin chassis for biosynthesis of apigenin and associated glucoside. Metab Eng 2024; 83:1-11. [PMID: 38447910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a diverse set of natural products with promising bioactivities including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective properties. Previously, the oleaginous host Yarrowia lipolytica has been engineered to produce high titers of the base flavonoid naringenin. Here, we leverage this host along with a set of E. coli bioconversion strains to produce the flavone apigenin and its glycosylated derivative isovitexin, two potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical candidates. Through downstream strain selection, co-culture optimization, media composition, and mutant isolation, we were able to produce168 mg/L of apigenin, representing a 46% conversion rate of 2-(R/S)-naringenin to apigenin. This apigenin platform was modularly extended to produce isovitexin by addition of a second bioconversion strain. Together, these results demonstrate the promise of microbial production and modular bioconversion to access diversified flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste B Marsan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sung Gyung Lee
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ankim Nguyen
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Angela R Gordillo Sierra
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sarah M Coleman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sierra M Brooks
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hal S Alper
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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El-Mouty Raslan MA, Kassem IAA, Ghaly NS, El-Manawaty MA, Melek FR, Nabil M. Aloe juvenna Brandham & S.Carter as α-Amylase Inhibitor and Hypoglycaemic Agent with Anti-inflammatory Properties for Diabetes Management. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400245. [PMID: 38436134 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite Aloe's traditional use, Aloe juvenna Brandham & S.Carter is poorly characterized. Other Aloes are known for their antidiabetic activity. This study describes the antidiabetic potentials and phytoconstituents of the A. juvenna leaves methanolic extract (AJME). Twenty-six phytoconstituents of AJME were described using HPLC/MS-MS. Lupeol and vitexin were isolated using column chromatography. The antidiabetic activity of AJME was investigated using an in vivo high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model and in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity assays. AJME demonstrated its α-amylase inhibitory activity (IC50=313±39.9 ppm) with no effect on α-glucosidase. In vivo, AJME dose-dependently improved hyperglycaemia in a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Notably, the higher dose (1600 mg/kg) of AJME significantly downregulated serum interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 genes, suggesting its anti-inflammatory effect. These findings indicate AJME's potential as a significant antidiabetic agent through its α-amylase inhibition, hypoglycaemic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abd El-Mouty Raslan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Iman AbdelKhalek AbdelKhalek Kassem
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Neveen Sabry Ghaly
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - May Aly El-Manawaty
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Farouk Rasmy Melek
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marian Nabil
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
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3
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Jayaprakash R, Pook C, Ramzan F, Miles-Chan JL, Mithen RF, Foster M. Human Metabolism and Excretion of Kawakawa (Piper excelsum) Leaf Chemicals. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300583. [PMID: 38389156 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Piper excelsum (kawakawa) has a history of therapeutic use by Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand. It is currently widely consumed as a beverage and included as an ingredient in "functional" food product. Leaves contain compounds that are also found in a wide range of other spices, foods, and medicinal plants. This study investigates the human metabolism and excretion of kawakawa leaf chemicals. METHODS AND RESULTS Six healthy male volunteers in one study (Bioavailability of Kawakawa Tea metabolites in human volunteers [BOKA-T]) and 30 volunteers (15 male and 15 female) in a second study (Impact of acute Kawakawa Tea ingestion on postprandial glucose metabolism in healthy human volunteers [TOAST]) consume a hot water infusion of dried kawakawa leaves (kawakawa tea [KT]). Untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses of urine samples from BOKA-T identified 26 urinary metabolites that are significantly associated with KT consumption, confirmed by the analysis of samples from the independent TOAST study. Seven of the 26 metabolites are also detected in plasma. Thirteen of the 26 urinary compounds are provisionally identified as metabolites of specific compounds in KT, eight metabolites are identified as being derived from specific compounds in KT but without resolution of chemical structure, and five are of unknown origin. CONCLUSIONS Several kawakawa compounds that are also widely found in other plants are bioavailable and are modified by phase 1 and 2 metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Jayaprakash
- Liggins Institute, Waipapa Taumata Rau - The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Chris Pook
- Liggins Institute, Waipapa Taumata Rau - The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Farha Ramzan
- Liggins Institute, Waipapa Taumata Rau - The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer L Miles-Chan
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Waipapa Taumata Rau - The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard F Mithen
- Liggins Institute, Waipapa Taumata Rau - The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Meika Foster
- Liggins Institute, Waipapa Taumata Rau - The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- AuOra Ltd, Wakatū Incorporation, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
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Jeong E, Baek Y, Kim HJ, Lee HG. Comparison of the anti-diabetic effects of various grain and legume extracts in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25279. [PMID: 38322911 PMCID: PMC10844043 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The anti-diabetic properties of whole groats and dietary fibers from various grains and legumes are well known. Nevertheless, studies on the anti-diabetic effects of their extracts are limited, and it is difficult to compare their efficacy. This study investigated the anti-diabetic potential of ethanol extracts from oats (OE), sorghum (SE), foxtail millet (FE), proso millet (PE), adzuki bean (AE), and black soybean (BE) in a high-fat diet and streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rat models. The extracts, obtained using 99.9 % ethanol, were orally administered to diabetic rats for four weeks. Various parameters were evaluated, including fasting blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, serum insulin levels, and pancreas histological analysis. OE and SE effectively reduced fasting blood glucose levels and the area under the curve (AUC) in the oral glucose tolerance test. Only OE significantly decreased the AUC in the insulin tolerance test and increased insulin concentration and homeostatic model assessment of the β-cell function index, indicating improved insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the pancreas supported these findings, demonstrating that OE protected against pancreatic cell damage. In contrast, FE, PE, AE, and BE did not have a significant effect on diabetes-related parameters. These findings identify OE as the most promising natural intervention for diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunwoo Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Youjin Baek
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Kim
- Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Suwon, 16429, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
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Tak Y, Kaur M, Chitranashi A, Samota MK, Verma P, Bali M, Kumawat C. Fenugreek derived diosgenin as an emerging source for diabetic therapy. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1280100. [PMID: 38371502 PMCID: PMC10873921 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1280100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that endangers the entire body's tissues and organs. Diabetes impairs glucose and insulin regulation in the human body by causing pancreatic cell damage. Diabetes modifies pathways such as serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) and Protein kinase C (PKC)/- glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) glucose absorption, and inhibits α-amylase and α-glucosidase, Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT-1), and Na+-K+-ATPase activity. Diabetes may also be caused by a decrease in the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and its target genes, fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACC), as well as a decrease in the levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Caspase12, and Caspase3 proteins. Diabetes has long been linked to diseases of the cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, reproductive, hepatic, ocular, and renal systems. Diosgenin, a steroidal compound derived from fenugreek, aids in the prevention of diabetes by altering cellular pathways in favor of healthy bodily functions. Diosgenin is a new nutraceutical on the market that claims to cure diabetes in particular. This article focuses on diosgenin extraction and purification, fenugreek bioactive compounds, pharmacological properties of diosgenin, mode of action of diosgenin to cure diabetes, and dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Tak
- Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture University, Kota, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Abhishek Chitranashi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar Samota
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana, India
| | - Preeti Verma
- Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture University, Kota, India
| | - Manoj Bali
- School of Sciences, Rayat Bahra University, Mohali, India
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Dhanasekaran S, Pushparaj Selvadoss P, Sundar Manoharan S, Jeyabalan S, Devi Rajeswari V. Revealing anti-fungal potential of plant-derived bioactive therapeutics in targeting secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP) of Candida albicans: a molecular dynamics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:710-724. [PMID: 37021476 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2196703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Candida species have established themselves as a major source of nosocomial infections. Increased expression of secreted aspartyl proteinases (SAP5) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Candida species. Phytotherapeutics continue to serve as a viable resource for discovering novel antifungal agents. Hence the main aim of the present investigation is to explore the possible inhibitory role of the selected bioactive molecules against the SAP5 enzyme of C. albicans using in silico approach. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations were utilized to predict the binding affinity of the lead molecules using the AutoDock and Gromacs in-silico screening tools. Results of preliminary docking simulations show that the compounds hesperidin, vitexin, berberine, adhatodine, piperine, and chlorogenic acid exhibit significant interactions with the core catalytic residues of the target protein. The best binding ligands (hesperidin, vitexin, fluconazole) were subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) and essential dynamics of the trajectories. Results of the MD simulation confirm that the ligand-protein complexes became more stable from 20 ns until 100 ns. The calculated residue-level contributions to the interaction energy along a steady simulation trajectory of all three hits (hesperidin (-132.720 kJ/mol), vitexin (-83.963 kJ/mol) and fluconazole (-98.864 kJ/mol)) ensure greater stability of the leads near the catalytic region. Essential dynamics of PCA and DCCM analysis signifies that the binding of hesperidin and vitexin created a more structurally stable environment in the protein target. The overall outcomes of this study clearly emphasize that the bioactive therapeutics found in medicinal herbs may have remarkable scope in managing Candida infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Srikanth Jeyabalan
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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AFRIFA DANIEL, ENGELBRECHT LOUISE, EIJNDE BERTOP, TERBLANCHE ELMARIE. The health benefits of rooibos tea in humans ( aspalathus linearis)-a scoping review. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2784. [PMID: 38204815 PMCID: PMC10774856 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural remedies in the treatment of health conditions are an appealing option for many individuals. Previous studies reported that fermented and unfermented rooibos tea have considerable anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Most of this knowledge, however, originates from animal and cell culture studies. The aims of this review are to evaluate the existing, but limited, body of knowledge regarding rooibos tea interventions in humans and to identify the gaps in the literature. The PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines were followed in the collation of this scoping review. Among the databases searched were Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science. This review comprised 18 publications, with half (50%) of the studies being conducted in South Africa. There were 488 participants in all, ranging in age from six to 83 years, in the investigations. Rooibos tea was either fermented, unfermented, or black in 62% of the studies. Doses ranging from 200 to 1,200 ml were employed. In both healthy and at-risk individuals, rooibos has been shown to enhance lipid profiles, boost antioxidant status, and lower blood glucose levels. The existing findings suggests that rooibos consumption demonstrated to improve lipid profiles, boost antioxidant status, and lower blood glucose levels in both apparently healthy, and individual at-risk individuals or diagnosed of chronic conditions. Thus, it can be presumed that rooibos tea provides some health benefits, yet these findings are based on a limited number of human intervention studies and a small total sample size. Additionally, a variety of rooibos dosages and types of tea in the experiments had inconsistent results that were probably impacted by the amount consumed. Future studies should include a dose-response study in humans, as well as large scaled clinical trials to evaluate the health effects of Rooibos.
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Affiliation(s)
- DANIEL AFRIFA
- Division of Sport Science, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
- Sports Medical Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Belgium
| | - LOUISE ENGELBRECHT
- Division of Sport Science, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - BERT OP'T. EIJNDE
- Division of Sport Science, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
- Sports Medical Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Belgium
| | - ELMARIE TERBLANCHE
- Division of Sport Science, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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Liu S, Li D, Qin Z, Zeng W, Zhou J. Enhancing Glycosylation of Flavonoids by Engineering the Uridine Diphosphate Glucose Supply in Escherichia coli. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:17842-17851. [PMID: 37941337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation can enhance the solubility and stability of flavonoids. The main limitation of the glycosylation process is low intracellular uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) availability. This study aimed to create a glycosylation platform strain in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) by multiple metabolic engineering of the UDPG supply. Glycosyltransferase TcCGT1 was introduced to synthesize vitexin and orientin from apigenin and luteolin, respectively. To further expand this glycosylation platform strain, not only were UDP rhamnose and UDP galactose synthesis pathways constructed, but rhamnosyltransferase (GtfC) and galactosyltransferase (PhUGT) were also introduced, respectively. In a 5 L bioreactor with apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol, and quercetin as glycosyl acceptors, vitexin, orientin, afzelin, quercitrin, hyperoside, and trifolin glycosylation products reached 17.2, 36.5, 5.2, 14.1, 6.4, and 11.4 g/L, respectively, the highest titers reported to date for all. The platform strain has great potential for large-scale production of glycosylated flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shike Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Qin
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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Phan TKP, Wang SL, Nguyen QV, Phan TQ, Nguyen TT, Tran TTT, Nguyen AD, Nguyen VB, Doan MD. Assessment of the Chemical Profile and Potential Medical Effects of a Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Eclipta prostrata L. Collected in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1476. [PMID: 37895947 PMCID: PMC10609904 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Eclipta prostrata L. (EPL), a medicinal plant, is widely utilized in the central highlands of Vietnam. This study aims to assess the chemical profile and potential medical effects of an EPL extract rich in flavonoids. A total of 36 secondary metabolites were identified from the EPL extract through GC-MS and UHPLC-UV analysis. Among them, 15 volatile compounds and several phenolic and flavonoid chemicals, including salicylic acid, epicatechin gallate, isovitexin, and apigetrin, were reported in EPL extract for the first time. This herbal extract demonstrated moderate inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and high anti-oxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities (IC50 = 76.8 ± 0.8 μg/mL). These promising attributes can be likely attributed to the high levels of major compounds, including wedelolactone (1), chlorogenic acid (3), epicatechin gallate (6), salicylic acid (8), isovitexin (9), apigetrin (11), and myricetin (12). These findings align with the traditional use of EPL for enhancing memory and cognitive function, as well as its potential benefits in diabetes management. The results of the molecular docking study reveal that the major identified compounds (1, 6, 9, and 11) showed a more effective acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect than berberine chloride, with good binding energy (DS values, -12.3 to -14.3 kcal/mol) and acceptable values of RMSD (1.02-1.67 Å). Additionally, almost all the identified major compounds exhibited good ADMET properties within the required limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kim Phung Phan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Quang Vinh Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (Q.V.N.); (A.D.N.); (V.B.N.)
| | - Tu Quy Phan
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Tan Thanh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry Biology and Environment, Vinh University, Vinh City 43100, Vietnam;
| | | | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (Q.V.N.); (A.D.N.); (V.B.N.)
| | - Van Bon Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (Q.V.N.); (A.D.N.); (V.B.N.)
| | - Manh Dung Doan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (Q.V.N.); (A.D.N.); (V.B.N.)
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Guo L, Shi L. Vitexin Improves Cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion Injury by Attenuating Oxidative Injury and Ferroptosis via Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1signaling. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:980-95. [PMID: 36435955 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion involves multiple pathological processes and ferroptosis played a crucial role in the disease progression. Nevertheless, whether Vitexin could ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion injury via meditate the ferroptosis still remains unknown. In this study, we established the oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) neuron cell and middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model. The cell viability, cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were tested by CCK-8 assay and Flow cytometry, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, TTC, TEM, immunofluorescence analysis and western blot were used to investigate the effects of Vitexin. The results demonstrated that Vitexin could enhanced the cell viability and decreased the cell apoptosis in OGD/R cell model. Meanwhile, incubation with Vitexin maintained the neuroprotective effects in OGD/R induced generation of lipid ROS and neuronal cell ferroptosis via regulated the expressions of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 relative protein levels. Moreover, treatment with Vitexin reversed brain infracted volume, the normal histopathology and mitochondrial function in MCAO/R rat model. Vitexin significantly decreased the Nrf2 transfer ration from nuclear to cytosol and regulated the expression of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Nevertheless, the protective effects of Vitexin were blocked with the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385. Vitexin could protect the neuron cell and brain related with the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Vitexin was a useful candidate for stroke therapy and our research may provide an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of stroke.
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Ribeiro V, Ferreres F, Oliveira A, Gomes NGM, Gil-Izquierdo Á, Araújo L, Pereira D, Valentão P. Allophylus africanus Stem Bark Extract Modulates the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway in Human Stomach Cancer Cells. Life (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36836763 DOI: 10.3390/life13020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to detail the mechanisms elicited by Allophylus africanus P. Beauv. stem bark extract in human stomach cancer cells and to identify the bioactives underlying the cytotoxicity. MTT reduction and LDH leakage assays allowed characterizing the cytotoxic effects in AGS cells, which were further detailed by morphological analysis using phalloidin and Hoechst 33258. Proapoptotic mechanisms were elucidated through a mitochondrial membrane potential assay and by assessing the impact upon the activity of caspase-9 and -3. The extract displayed selective cytotoxicity against AGS cells. The absence of plasma membrane permeabilization, along with apoptotic body formation, suggested that pro-apoptotic effects triggered cell death. Intrinsic apoptosis pathway activation was verified, as mitochondrial membrane potential decrease and activation of caspase-9 and -3 were observed. HPLC-DAD profiling enabled the identification of two apigenin-di-C-glycosides, vicenin-2 (1) and apigenin-6-C-hexoside-8-C-pentoside (3), as well as three mono-C-glycosides-O-glycosylated derivatives, apigenin-7-O-hexoside-8-C-hexoside (2), apigenin-8-C-(2-rhamnosyl)hexoside (4) and apigenin-6-C-(2-rhamnosyl)hexoside (5). Isovitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside (5) is the main constituent, accounting for nearly 40% of the total quantifiable flavonoid content. Our results allowed us to establish the relationship between the presence of vicenin-2 and other apigenin derivatives with the contribution to the cytotoxic effects on the presented AGS cells. Our findings attest the anticancer potential of A. africanus stem bark against gastric adenocarcinoma, calling for studies to develop herbal-based products and/or the use of apigenin derivatives in chemotherapeutic drug development.
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Gupta MK, Gouda G, Sultana S, Punekar SM, Vadde R, Ravikiran T. Structure-related relationship: Plant-derived antidiabetic compounds. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry 2023:241-295. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91294-5.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
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Rakotondrabe TF, Fan M, Guo M. Exploring potential antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory flavonoids from Euphorbia humifusa with an integrated strategy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:980945. [PMID: 36105200 PMCID: PMC9465062 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.980945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
E. humifusa Willd, a monoecious annual plant, native to Eastern Asia, has been traditionally attributed to the treatment and prevention of miscellaneous diseases, including diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. Earlier studies have supported this species’ pharmacological efficacies including its antibacterial, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Even so, the underlying bioactive components with their mechanisms of action associated with its antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects remain elusive. The preamble in vitro assessments of the crude extract and its different fractions revealed that the n-butanol fraction (EHNB) exhibited the best activity, which was subsequently subjected to a rapid screening of candidate ligands through bio-affinity ultrafiltration with the two enzyme targets: α-glucosidase (α-Glu) and cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) combined with UPLC/QTOF-MS. As a result, 7 compounds were identified from EHNB, among them, vitexin and astragalin were screened out as the most active ligand compounds. Vitexin showed great specific binding (SB) affinity values of 1.26 toward α-Glu and 1.32 toward COX-2, while astragalin showed 1.32 and 1.36, respectively. The docking simulation results exhibited strong interactions of vitexin and astragalin with the key residues of the enzyme targets, suggesting their possible mechanisms of action. The in vitro antidiabetic validation revealed noticeable half-maximal inhibitory effects (IC50) of 36.38 ± 3.06 µM for vitexin and 42.47 ± 4.13 µM for astragalin, much better than that of the positive drug acarbose (109.54 ± 14.23 µM). Similarly, these two compounds showed the inhibitory activity against COX-2 with the half-maximal inhibitory effects (IC50) at 27.91 ± 1.74 µM and 49.05 ± 1.49 µM, respectively. Therefore, these two flavonoid compounds (vitexin and astragalin) were speculated as potential antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory compounds from E. humifusa. Taken together, the integrated strategy applied to E. humifusa led to the fast identification of two potential double-acting flavonoids and enlightened its antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory uses. Besides these findings, the integrated strategy in this study could also be used to facilitate the rapid discovery and development of active candidates from other traditional herbal medicines against multi-drug targets and to aid in revealing their mechanisms of action for their traditional uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tojofaniry Fabien Rakotondrabe
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Minxia Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mingquan Guo,
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Al-nemi R, Makki AA, Sawalha K, Hajjar D, Jaremko M. Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling and Antioxidant Capacities of Different Solvent Crude Extracts of Ephedra foeminea. Metabolites 2022; 12:451. [PMID: 35629955 PMCID: PMC9146585 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ephedra foeminea is a traditional medicinal plant used in the Eastern Mediterranean region. This study aims to investigate the chemical profiles of different solvent extracts of E. foeminea via an untargeted metabolomics approach, alongside determining their antioxidant capacities. E. foeminea samples collected from Jordan were macerated in solvents of varying polarities; dichloromethane/methanol, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone. The crude extracts were subjected to comprehensive chemical profiling and metabolomics study using Gas chromatography–Mass spectrometry (GC–MS), Liquid chromatography–Mass spectrometry (LC–MS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The obtained data were analyzed using Venn diagrams, Principle Component Analysis (PCA), and Metabolite Enrichment Set Analysis (MESA). ABTS assay was performed to measure the crude extracts’ antioxidant activity. MESA revealed the dominant chemical groups as amino acids, fatty acids, carboxylic acids, and carbohydrates. Results indicated that dichloromethane/methanol and methanolic extracts had the most distinct composition as well as the most unique compounds. The methanolic extract had the most potency (IC50 249.6 µg/mL) in the ABTS assay. However, no significant differences were found. In conclusion, solvents influenced the recovery of metabolites in E. foeminea and the antioxidant activity of the E. foeminea methanolic extract could be correlated to the abundant presence of diverse bioactive compounds.
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Khatib S, Faraloni C, Bouissane L. Exploring the Use of Iris Species: Antioxidant Properties, Phytochemistry, Medicinal and Industrial Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:526. [PMID: 35326175 PMCID: PMC8944787 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Iris from the Iridaceae family consists of more than 262 recognized species. It is an ornamental and medicinal plant widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Iris species convey a long history as valuable traditional drugs with a wide variety of applications in various cultures, having been recorded since medieval times. Currently, Iris spp. still find application in numerous fields, including cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the food industry. Moreover, many of their empirical uses have been validated by in vitro and in vivo studies, showing that Iris spp. exhibit potent antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-microbial properties. Phytochemicals investigations have revealed that the plant extracts are rich in phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids and phenolic acids. As such, they constitute a promising lead for seeking new drugs with high susceptibilities towards various health issues, particularly oxidative-stress-related diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, etc. Herein, we present a literature review of the genus Iris intending to determine the plant’s chemical profile and establish a coherent overview of the biological applications of the plant extracts with reference to their traditional uses.
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Pagassini JAV, de Godoy LJG, Campos FG, Barzotto GR, Vieira MAR, Boaro CSF. Silicon and mechanical damage increase polyphenols and vitexin in Passiflora incarnata L. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22064. [PMID: 34764405 PMCID: PMC8586260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Passiflora incarnata L. is a species of global pharmacological importance, has not been fully studied in the context of cultivation and management. It is known that silicon acts on abiotic stress and promotes phenols synthesis. The practice of mechanical damage is widely used in P. incarnata crops, and its interaction with silicon can have a significant influence on plant metabolism. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the effects of silicon and mechanical damage on photosynthesis, polyphenols and vitexin of P. incarnata. The experiment was conducted in a factorial design with SiO2 concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3 mM) and presence or absence of mechanical damage. It was found that mechanical damage improved photosynthetic performance at lower concentrations or absence of silicon. Moreover, this condition promoted an increasing in vitexin concentration when SiO2 was not provided. The application of 3 mM Si is recommended to increase polyphenols and vitexin, without harming dry mass of aerial part. The interaction between silicon and mechanical damage could be a tool to increase agronomic yield and commercial value of the P. incarnata crop.
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Wu JY, Wang TY, Ding HY, Zhang YR, Lin SY, Chang TS. Enzymatic Synthesis of Novel Vitexin Glucosides. Molecules 2021; 26:6274. [PMID: 34684855 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitexin is a C-glucoside flavone that exhibits a wide range of pharmaceutical activities. However, the poor solubility of vitexin limits its applications. To resolve this limitation, two glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and four glycosyltransferases (GTs) were assayed for glycosylation activity toward vitexin. The results showed that BtGT_16345 from the Bacillus thuringiensis GA A07 strain possessed the highest glycosylation activity, catalyzing the conversion of vitexin into new compounds, vitexin-4'-O-β-glucoside (1) and vitexin-5-O-β-glucoside (2), which showed greater aqueous solubility than vitexin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of vitexin glycosylation. Based on the multiple bioactivities of vitexin, the two highly soluble vitexin derivatives might have high potential for pharmacological usage in the future.
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Tow WK, Goh APT, Sundralingam U, Palanisamy UD, Sivasothy Y. Flavonoid Composition and Pharmacological Properties of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Leaf Extracts: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100961. [PMID: 34681185 PMCID: PMC8549011 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) originates from West and Central Africa, and it is cultivated in Malaysia for its oil-producing fruits. Malaysia is the world’s second largest palm oil producer and the world’s largest exporter to date. Consequently, the Malaysian oil palm industry constantly generates a huge amount of biomass with the major contributor being the leaves. A large percentage of these leaves remain underutilized, making them a promising source of raw materials that can be converted into value-added products. The present review summarizes and discusses the flavonoid composition, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties exhibited by the extracts of the leaves of E. guineensis. The purpose of this systematic review is to highlight the potential of valorizing the leaf extracts of the oil palm tree as pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Kit Tow
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.-K.T.); (A.P.-T.G.); (U.S.)
| | - Asly Poh-Tze Goh
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.-K.T.); (A.P.-T.G.); (U.S.)
| | - Usha Sundralingam
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.-K.T.); (A.P.-T.G.); (U.S.)
| | - Uma Devi Palanisamy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Yasodha Sivasothy
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (W.-K.T.); (A.P.-T.G.); (U.S.)
- Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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