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Zahnd WE, Ranganathan R, Adams SA, Babatunde OA. Sociodemographic disparities in molecular testing for breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:843-859. [PMID: 35474496 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular testing is a critical component of breast cancer care used to identify the presence of estrogen and/or progesterone receptors (jointly hormone receptors-HRs) and the expression of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) on a tumor. Our objective was to characterize trends and predictors of lack of molecular testing among female breast cancer patients overall and by sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS We examined data on female breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 from Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results-18. Joinpoint regression analyses assessed annual percent change (APC) in lack of ER, PR, or HER2 testing. Multivariable, multilevel logistic regression models identified factors associated with lack of molecular testing. RESULTS A nominally lower proportion of rural patients did not receive molecular testing (e.g., 1.8% in rural vs. 2.3% in urban for HER2). For all tests, a higher proportion of Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black women were not tested. Across all characteristics, improvement in testing was noted, although disparities among groups remained. For example, lack of HER2 testing improved from 3.2 to 1.7% in White patients (APC = - 10.05) but was consistently higher in Black patients 3.9 to 2.3% (APC = - 8.21). Multivariable, multilevel models showed that older, non-Hispanic Black, and unpartnered women were at greater odds of not receiving molecular testing. CONCLUSIONS While lack of molecular testing of breast cancer patients is relatively rare, racial/ethnic, insurance status, and age-related disparities have been identified. To reduce testing and downstream treatment and outcome disparities, it is imperative for all breast cancer patients to receive molecular testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney E Zahnd
- Rural and Minority Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. .,Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Radhika Ranganathan
- Rural and Minority Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Swann Arp Adams
- Rural and Minority Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Askan G, Erbarut Seven I, Ozkan N, Eren F. Are histomorphologic changes in the fimbrial ends more to blame for primary epithelial ovarian carcinomas than initially thought? Marmara Medical Journal. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.1056169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Diao Y, Lin M, Xu K, Huang J, Wu X, Li M, Sun J, Li H. How government health insurance coverage of novel anti-cancer medicines benefited patients in China - a retrospective analysis of hospital clinical data. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:856. [PMID: 34419013 PMCID: PMC8380313 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background China started to cover novel medicines for the treatment of major cancers, such as trastuzumab for breast cancer by the government health insurance programs since 2016. Limited data have been published on the use of cancer medications and little is known about how government health insurance coverage of novel anti-cancer medicines benefited patients in the real world. This study aimed to generate evidence to inform the health security authorities to optimize the government health insurance coverage of novel anti-cancer medicines as a more inclusive and equal policy, through which each of the needed patient can get access to the novel anti-cancer medicines regardless of the ability to pay. Methods The study targeted one of the government health insurance newly covered novel medicines for breast cancer and the breast cancer patients. The analyses were based on the data collected from one tertiary public hospital in Fujian province of China. We conducted interrupted time series analysis with a segmented regression model and multivariate analyses with a binary logistic regression model to analyze the impact of the government health insurance coverage on medicines utilization and the determinants of patient’s medication choice. Results The average proportion of patients who initiated medication with novel medicines increased from 37.4% before the government health insurance coverage to 69.2% afterwards. Such an increase was observed in all patient sub-groups. The monthly proportion of patients who initiated medication with novel medicines increased sharply by 18.3 % (95 %CI,10.4-34.0 %, p = 0.01) in September 2017, the afterwards trend continuously increased (95 %CI,1.03–3.60, p = 0.02). The critical determinants of patient's medication choice were mostly connected with the patient's health insurance benefits packages. Conclusions The government health insurance coverage of novel anti-breast-cancer medicines benefited the patients generally. The utilization of novel medicines such as trastuzumab continuously increased. The insurance coverage benefited well the patients in the high-risk age groups. However, rural patients, patients enrolled in the “resident program”, and patients from low-income residential areas and non-local patients benefited less from this policy. Improving the benefits package of the low-income patients and the “resident program” beneficiary would be of considerable significance for a more inclusive and equal health insurance coverage of novel anti-cancer medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Diao
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng district, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Mengbo Lin
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, East Street No.134, 35001, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, East Street No.134, 35001, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ji Huang
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, East Street No.134, 35001, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiongwei Wu
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, East Street No.134, 35001, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Mingshuang Li
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng district, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng district, 100730, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, East Street No.134, 35001, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Nursing School, Affiliated Clinical Medical Institute of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, East Street No.134, 35001, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Porcu E, Cillo GM, Cipriani L, Sacilotto F, Notarangelo L, Damiano G, Dirodi M, Roncarati I. Impact of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations on ovarian reserve and fertility preservation outcomes in young women with breast cancer. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:709-15. [PMID: 31872386 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the impact of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations on ovarian reserve and fertility preservation outcome. The main purpose and research question of the study is to determine the impact of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations on ovarian reserve and fertility preservation outcomes. Methods Prospective study: 67 breast cancer patients between 18 and 40 years old, undergoing a fertility preservation by means of oocyte storage were considered. Inclusions criteria for the study were age between 18 and 40 years old, BMI between 18 and 28, breast cancer neoplasm stage I and II according to American Joint Committee on Cancer classification (2017) and no metastasis. Exclusion criteria: age over 40 years old, BMI < 18 and > 28, breast cancer neoplasm stage III and IV and do not performed the BRCA test. A total of 21 patients had not performed the test and were excluded. Patients were divided into four groups: Group A was composed by 11 breast cancer patients with BRCA 1 mutations, Group B was composed by 11 breast cancer patients with BRCA 2 mutations, Group C was composed by 24 women with breast cancer without BRCA mutations, and Group D (control) was composed by 181 normal women. Results Group A showed significant lower AMH levels compared to Group C and D (1.2 ± 1.1 vs 4.5 ± 4.1 p < 0.05 and 1.2 ± 1.1 vs 3.8 ± 2.5 p < 0.05). BRCA1 mutated patients showed a significant lower rate of mature oocytes (MII) compared to Group C (3.1 ± 2.3 vs 7.2 ± 4.4 p < 0,05) and Group D (3.1 ± 2.3 vs 7.3 ± 3.4; p < 0,05). Breast cancer patients needed a higher dose of gonadotropins compared to controls (Group A 2206 ± 1392 Group B2047.5 ± 829.9 Group C 2106 ± 1336 Group D 1597 ± 709 p < 0,05). No significant differences were found among the groups considering basal FSH levels, duration of stimulation, number of developed follicles, and number of total retrieved oocytes. Regarding BRCA2 mutation, no effect on fertility was shown in this study. Conclusions The study showed that BRCA1 patients had a higher risk of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) confirmed by a diminished ovarian reserve and a lower number of mature oocytes suitable for cryopreservation.
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Collin LJ, Jiang R, Ward KC, Gogineni K, Subhedar PD, Sherman ME, Gaudet MM, Breitkopf CR, D’Angelo O, Gabram-Mendola S, Aneja R, Gaglioti AH, McCullough LE. Racial Disparities in Breast Cancer Outcomes in the Metropolitan Atlanta Area: New Insights and Approaches for Health Equity. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2019; 3:pkz053. [PMID: 32328557 PMCID: PMC7049995 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial disparities in breast cancer (BC) outcomes persist where non-Hispanic black (NHB) women are more likely to die from BC than non-Hispanic white (NHW) women, and the extent of this disparity varies geographically. We evaluated tumor, treatment, and patient characteristics that contribute to racial differences in BC mortality in Atlanta, Georgia, where the disparity was previously characterized as especially large. METHODS We identified 4943 NHW and 3580 NHB women in the Georgia Cancer Registry with stage I-IV BC diagnoses in Atlanta (2010-2014). We used Cox proportional hazard regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing NHB vs NHW BC mortality by tumor, treatment, and patient characteristics on the additive and multiplicative scales. We additionally estimated the mediating effects of these characteristics on the association between race and BC mortality. RESULTS At diagnosis, NHB women were younger-with higher stage, node-positive, and triple-negative tumors relative to NHW women. In age-adjusted models, NHB women with luminal A disease had a 2.43 times higher rate of BC mortality compared to their NHW counterparts (95% CI = 1.99 to 2.97). High socioeconomic status (SES) NHB women had more than twice the mortality rates than their white counterparts (HR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.65 to 4.33). Racial disparities among women without insurance, in the lowest SES index, or diagnosed with triple-negative BC were less pronounced. CONCLUSIONS In Atlanta, the largest racial disparities are observed in luminal tumors and most pronounced among women of high SES. More research is needed to understand drivers of disparities within these treatable features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renjian Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kevin C Ward
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - Mark E Sherman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | | | | | | | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Anne H Gaglioti
- National Center for Primary Care, Department of Family Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) guideline focused update revises the HER2 scoring criteria. We evaluated the impact on HER2 rates in breast carcinoma diagnosed at our center. METHODS In a retrospective series of breast core biopsies with invasive carcinoma diagnosed between 2014 and 2017 (n = 1,350), HER2 status was classified according to 2013 and 2018 ASCO/CAP guidelines and changes in HER2 status identified. RESULTS The 2018 guidelines reclassified the HER2 status of 6% of patients. Most changed from HER2 equivocal status (equivocal by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization under the 2013 guidelines) to HER2-negative status (2018 guidelines). The HER2-positive rate decreased by 0.4%. CONCLUSIONS The 2018 guidelines decrease the rate of HER2 equivocal and positive breast cancer and reduce repeat HER2 testing on excision specimens. Approximately 0.4% of patients will become newly ineligible for anti-HER2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debra L Zynger
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Gary H Tozbikian
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
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Calip GS, Yu O, Boudreau DM, Shao H, Oratz R, Richardson SB, Gold HT. Diabetes and differences in detection of incident invasive breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:435-441. [PMID: 30949885 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many women diagnosed with breast cancer have chronic conditions such as diabetes that may impact other health behaviors. Our purpose was to determine if breast cancer screening and detection differs among women with and without diabetes. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a retrospective cohort of women aged 52-74 years diagnosed with incident stages I-III breast cancer enrolled in an integrated health plan between 1999 and 2014 with linkage to the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registry (n = 2040). Screening data were taken from electronic health records. We used multivariable modified Poisson regression models with robust standard errors to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for outcomes of (i) receipt of screening in the 2 years prior to diagnosis; (ii) symptom-detected breast cancer; and (iii) diagnosis of locally advanced stage III breast cancer. Compared to women without diabetes, women with diabetes were similar with respect to receipt of screening mammography (78% and 77%), symptom-detected breast cancer (46% and 49%), and stage III diagnosis (7% and 7%). In multivariable models adjusting for age and year of diagnosis, race, BMI, Charlson comorbidity score and depression diagnosis no differences were observed in the outcomes by presence of diabetes. Further investigation is warranted to determine how diabetes acts as a mediating factor in adverse breast cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Calip
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomic Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street MC 871, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Onchee Yu
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Denise M Boudreau
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Departments of Epidemiology and Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Huibo Shao
- Baptist Memorial Health Care, Germantown, TN, USA
| | - Ruth Oratz
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen B Richardson
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather T Gold
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Lee JM, Abraham L, Lam DL, Buist DS, Kerlikowske K, Miglioretti DL, Houssami N, Lehman CD, Henderson LM, Hubbard RA. Cumulative Risk Distribution for Interval Invasive Second Breast Cancers After Negative Surveillance Mammography. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:2070-2077. [PMID: 29718790 PMCID: PMC6036621 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.76.8267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the current study was to characterize the risk of interval invasive second breast cancers within 5 years of primary breast cancer treatment. Methods We examined 65,084 surveillance mammograms from 18,366 women with a primary breast cancer diagnosis of unilateral ductal carcinoma in situ or stage I to III invasive breast carcinoma performed from 1996 to 2012 in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium. Interval invasive breast cancer was defined as ipsilateral or contralateral cancer diagnosed within 1 year after a negative surveillance mammogram. Discrete-time survival models-adjusted for all covariates-were used to estimate the probability of interval invasive cancer, given the risk factors for each surveillance round, and aggregated across rounds to estimate the 5-year cumulative probability of interval invasive cancer. Results We observed 474 surveillance-detected cancers-334 invasive and 140 ductal carcinoma in situ-and 186 interval invasive cancers which yielded a cancer detection rate of 7.3 per 1,000 examinations (95% CI, 6.6 to 8.0) and an interval invasive cancer rate of 2.9 per 1,000 examinations (95% CI, 2.5 to 3.3). Median cumulative 5-year interval cancer risk was 1.4% (interquartile range, 0.8% to 2.3%; 10th to 90th percentile range, 0.5% to 3.7%), and 15% of women had ≥ 3% 5-year interval invasive cancer risk. Cumulative 5-year interval cancer risk was highest for women with estrogen receptor- and progesterone receptor-negative primary breast cancer (2.6%; 95% CI, 1.7% to 3.5%), interval cancer presentation at primary diagnosis (2.2%; 95% CI, 1.5% to 2.9%), and breast conservation without radiation (1.8%; 95% CI, 1.1% to 2.4%). Conclusion Risk of interval invasive second breast cancer varies across women and is influenced by characteristics that can be measured at initial diagnosis, treatment, and imaging. Risk prediction models that evaluate the risk of cancers not detected by surveillance mammography should be developed to inform discussions of tailored surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie M. Lee
- Janie M. Lee and Diana L. Lam, University of Washington, and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Linn Abraham, Diana S.M. Buist, and Diana L. Miglioretti, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA; Karla Kerlikowske, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Diana L. Miglioretti, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Nehmat Houssami, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Constance D. Lehman, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Louise M. Henderson, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and Rebecca A. Hubbard, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Linn Abraham
- Janie M. Lee and Diana L. Lam, University of Washington, and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Linn Abraham, Diana S.M. Buist, and Diana L. Miglioretti, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA; Karla Kerlikowske, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Diana L. Miglioretti, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Nehmat Houssami, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Constance D. Lehman, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Louise M. Henderson, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and Rebecca A. Hubbard, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Diana L. Lam
- Janie M. Lee and Diana L. Lam, University of Washington, and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Linn Abraham, Diana S.M. Buist, and Diana L. Miglioretti, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA; Karla Kerlikowske, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Diana L. Miglioretti, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Nehmat Houssami, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Constance D. Lehman, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Louise M. Henderson, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and Rebecca A. Hubbard, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Diana S.M. Buist
- Janie M. Lee and Diana L. Lam, University of Washington, and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Linn Abraham, Diana S.M. Buist, and Diana L. Miglioretti, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA; Karla Kerlikowske, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Diana L. Miglioretti, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Nehmat Houssami, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Constance D. Lehman, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Louise M. Henderson, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and Rebecca A. Hubbard, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Karla Kerlikowske
- Janie M. Lee and Diana L. Lam, University of Washington, and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Linn Abraham, Diana S.M. Buist, and Diana L. Miglioretti, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA; Karla Kerlikowske, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Diana L. Miglioretti, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Nehmat Houssami, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Constance D. Lehman, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Louise M. Henderson, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and Rebecca A. Hubbard, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Diana L. Miglioretti
- Janie M. Lee and Diana L. Lam, University of Washington, and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Linn Abraham, Diana S.M. Buist, and Diana L. Miglioretti, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA; Karla Kerlikowske, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Diana L. Miglioretti, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Nehmat Houssami, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Constance D. Lehman, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Louise M. Henderson, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and Rebecca A. Hubbard, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nehmat Houssami
- Janie M. Lee and Diana L. Lam, University of Washington, and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Linn Abraham, Diana S.M. Buist, and Diana L. Miglioretti, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA; Karla Kerlikowske, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Diana L. Miglioretti, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Nehmat Houssami, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Constance D. Lehman, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Louise M. Henderson, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and Rebecca A. Hubbard, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Constance D. Lehman
- Janie M. Lee and Diana L. Lam, University of Washington, and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Linn Abraham, Diana S.M. Buist, and Diana L. Miglioretti, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA; Karla Kerlikowske, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Diana L. Miglioretti, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Nehmat Houssami, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Constance D. Lehman, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Louise M. Henderson, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and Rebecca A. Hubbard, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Louise M. Henderson
- Janie M. Lee and Diana L. Lam, University of Washington, and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Linn Abraham, Diana S.M. Buist, and Diana L. Miglioretti, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA; Karla Kerlikowske, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Diana L. Miglioretti, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Nehmat Houssami, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Constance D. Lehman, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Louise M. Henderson, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and Rebecca A. Hubbard, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rebecca A. Hubbard
- Janie M. Lee and Diana L. Lam, University of Washington, and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance; Linn Abraham, Diana S.M. Buist, and Diana L. Miglioretti, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA; Karla Kerlikowske, Department of Veterans Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco; Diana L. Miglioretti, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Nehmat Houssami, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Constance D. Lehman, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Louise M. Henderson, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and Rebecca A. Hubbard, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Pitari GM, Cotzia P, Ali M, Birbe R, Rizzo W, Bombonati A, Palazzo J, Solomides C, Shuber AP, Sinicrope FA, Zuzga DS. Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein Biomarkers Are Associated with Invasion and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer. Biomark Cancer 2018; 10:1179299X18774551. [PMID: 30911223 PMCID: PMC6419247 DOI: 10.1177/1179299x18774551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims: The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colorectal cancer (CRC)
patients remains unclear, emphasizing the need for improved prognostic
biomarkers to identify patients at risk of metastatic recurrence. To address
this unmet clinical need, we examined the expression and phosphorylation
status of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) in CRC tumor
progression. VASP, a processive actin polymerase, promotes the formation of
invasive membrane structures leading to extracellular matrix remodeling and
tumor invasion. Phosphorylation of VASP serine (Ser) residues 157 and 239
regulate VASP function, directing subcellular localization and inhibiting
actin polymerization, respectively. Methods: The expression levels of VASP protein, pSer157-VASP, and
pSer239-VASP were determined by immunohistochemistry in
tumors and matched normal adjacent tissue from 141 CRC patients, divided
into 2 cohorts, and the association of VASP biomarker expression with
clinicopathologic features and disease recurrence was examined. Results: We report that changes in VASP expression and phosphorylation were
significantly associated with tumor invasion and disease recurrence.
Furthermore, we disclose a novel 2-tiered methodology to maximize VASP
positive and negative predictive value performance for prognostication. Conclusion: VASP biomarkers may serve as prognostic biomarkers in CRC and should be
evaluated in a larger clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni M Pitari
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,BioDetego LLC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paolo Cotzia
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mehboob Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ruth Birbe
- Pathology Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Wendy Rizzo
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandro Bombonati
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juan Palazzo
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Frank A Sinicrope
- Division of Medical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David S Zuzga
- BioDetego LLC, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Biology, La Salle University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kalinich
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02467, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, MD 20815, USA
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02467, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, MD 20815, USA
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Borchmann S, Müller H, Engert A. Hodgkin Lymphoma has a seasonal pattern of incidence and mortality that depends on latitude. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14903. [PMID: 29097683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal variations in incidence and mortality after a Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) diagnosis have been previously described with partly conflicting results. The goal of this analysis is to provide a comprehensive analysis of these seasonal variations. In total, 41,405 HL cases diagnosed between 1973 and 2012 in the 18 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries were included. Cosinor analysis and Cox proportional-hazards models were employed to analyze seasonality of incidence and mortality, respectively. HL shows a sinusoid seasonal incidence pattern (p < 0.001). Estimated incidence in March is 15.4% [95%-CI: 10.8-20.0] higher than in September. This sinusoid pattern is more pronounced at higher latitudes (p = 0.023). The risk of dying within the first three years after a HL diagnosis in winter is significantly increased compared to a HL diagnosis in summer at higher latitudes (HR = 1.082 [95%-CI: 1.009-1.161], p = 0.027). Furthermore, increasing northern latitude increases the additional mortality risk conferred by a diagnosis in winter (pinteraction0.033). The seasonality patterns presented here provide epidemiological evidence that Vitamin D might play a protective role in HL. Further evidence on the direct association between Vitamin D levels and the clinical course of HL needs to be collected to advance the understanding of the role of Vitamin D in HL.
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Rao YJ, Sein J, Badiyan S, Schwarz JK, DeWees T, Grigsby P, Rao PK. Patterns of care and survival outcomes after treatment for uveal melanoma in the post-coms era (2004-2013): a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results analysis. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2017; 9:453-65. [PMID: 29204166 DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2017.70986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) established modern treatment recommendations for uveal melanoma. We aim to evaluate patterns of care and survival outcomes in the time after COMS. Material and methods The retrospective study population includes 2,611 patients in the SEER database treated for uveal melanoma between 2004-2013. Patients stage were T1-4N0M0. Data analyzed included age, clinical stage, tumor size, race, and treatment. Treatments included enucleation (EN) and globe preserving therapy (GPT), which consisted of limited surgical resection or ablation (LSRA), external beam radiation (EBRT), or brachytherapy (BT). Patients treated with radiation may receive radiation therapy alone (RTA) or radiation therapy and supplemental laser therapy (RT+SLT). We evaluated disease specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) using log-rank statistics, and Cox univariate and multivariate analysis. Results The median follow-up was 44 months. Treatment strategy was EN in 538 (20.6%) patients, LSRA in 80 (3.1%), EBRT in 609 (23.3%), and BT in 1,384 (53.0%). 1,876 patients received RTA and 117 received RT+SLT. Enucleation was associated with inferior DSS and OS compared to GPT in multivariate analysis (MVA) (p < 0.01). Limited surgical resection or ablation and radiation had similar DSS and OS. Brachytherapy and EBRT had similar DSS and OS. Radiation therapy and supplemental laser therapy was associated with improved DSS compared to RTA in UVA (p = 0.03), but not MVA. The 5-year DSS for enucleation, RTA, and RT+SLT were 66.7%, 87.0%, and 94.7% (p < 0.01), respectively. Conclusions Globe preserving treatments such as limited surgery or radiation are commonly utilized alternatives to enucleation, and resulted in favorable survival outcomes. Additional research is required to compare the outcomes of the various globe preserving treatment strategies.
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Williams GR, Deal AM, Muss HB, Weinberg MS, Sanoff HK, Guerard EJ, Nyrop KA, Pergolotti M, Shachar SS. Frailty and skeletal muscle in older adults with cancer. J Geriatr Oncol 2017; 9:68-73. [PMID: 28844849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Computerized tomography (CT) imaging is routine in oncologic care and can be used to measure muscle quantity and composition that may improve prognostic assessment of older patients. This study examines the association of single-slice CT-assessed muscle measurements with a frailty index in older adults with cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the Carolina Senior Registry, we identified patients with CT imaging within 60days ± of geriatric assessment (GA). A 36-item Carolina Frailty Index was calculated. Cross-sectional skeletal muscle area (SMA) and Skeletal Muscle Density (SMD) were analyzed from CT scan L3 lumbar segments. SMA and patient height (m2) were used to calculate skeletal muscle index (SMI). Skeletal Muscle Gauge (SMG) was calculated by multiplying SMI×SMD. RESULTS Of the 162 patients, mean age 73, 53% were robust, 27% pre-frail, and 21% frail. Significant differences were found between robust and frail patients for SMD (29.4 vs 24.1 HU, p<0.001) and SMG (1188 vs 922AU, p=0.003), but not SMI (41.9 vs 39.5cm2/m2, p=0.29). After controlling for age and gender, for every 5 unit decrease in SMD, the prevalence ratio of frailty increased by 20% (PR=1.20 [1.09, 1.32]) while the prevalence of frailty did not differ based on SMI. CONCLUSIONS Muscle mass (measured as SMI) was poorly associated with a GA-based frailty index. Muscle density, which reflects muscle lipid content, was more associated with frailty. Although frailty and loss of muscle mass are both age-related conditions that are predictive of adverse outcomes, our results suggest they are separate entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Williams
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Allison M Deal
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hyman B Muss
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marc S Weinberg
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hanna K Sanoff
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emily J Guerard
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kirsten A Nyrop
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mackenzi Pergolotti
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Shlomit Strulov Shachar
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Ashamalla H, Guirguis A, McCool K, McVorran S, Mattes M, Metzger D, Oromendia C, Ballman KV, Mokhtar B, Tchelebi M, Katsoulakis E, Rafla S. Brachytherapy improves outcomes in young men (≤60 years) with prostate cancer: A SEER analysis. Brachytherapy 2017; 16:323-9. [PMID: 28139417 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to compare prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) in young men with clinically localized prostate cancer treated by either external beam radiation (EBRT) alone or brachytherapy with or without external beam radiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS Utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, 15,505 patients ≤60 years of age diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2004 and 2009 and treated with radiation therapy alone were identified. Incidence of PCSM was determined for both groups and compared using competing risk models. RESULTS The overall 8-year PCSM for the study population was 1.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6-2.2). For patients treated with EBRT or brachytherapy with or without external beam, the 8-year PCSM was found to be 2.8% (CI: 2.2-3.4) and 1.2% (CI: 0.9-1.6), respectively (p < 0.001). Univariable analysis demonstrated that brachytherapy was associated with lower PCSM risk (hazard ratio = 0.40; CI: 0.30-0.54; p < 0.001). High Gleason risk category, black race, higher Tumor (T) stage, and higher grade were all associated with greater mortality risk (p < 0.01). On multivariable analysis, brachytherapy continued to be associated with a significantly lower mortality risk (hazard ratio = 0.65; CI: 0.47-0.89; p = 0.008). Subgroup analyses found that among those with Gleason score ≥8, younger patients had increased risk of PCSM (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In men ≤60 years of age with prostate cancer, radiation therapy continues to offer excellent outcomes. After adjusting for relevant variables, the use of brachytherapy was associated with reduced PCSM compared to treatment with EBRT alone.
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Thuraisingam R, Jandova J, Pandit V, Michailidou M, Nfonsam VN. Assessing the national trends in colon cancer among Native Americans: A 12 year SEER database study. Am J Surg 2016; 214:228-231. [PMID: 28010880 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Native Americans (NA) form a unique cohort of colon cancer (CC) patients among whom the variability in demographics and cancer characteristics remains unclear. METHODS We abstracted the national estimates for NA with CC using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database. Trend analysis of incidence, variation in location and patient demographic analysis were performed. RESULTS A total number of 26,674 NA with CC were reported during the 12-year study period. While the overall incidence of CC decreased by 12% during the study period, incidence increased by 38% in NA. Incidence of CC was more prevalent and higher increase (42%) seen in NA females than males (p = 0.02; 34%). Stage III tumors represented 29% of all CC, sigmoid colon the most common site location (38%) with 72% of all tumors being moderately differentiated. 55% tumors were localized in left, 36% in right and 9% in transverse colon. 92% of the NA were insured. CONCLUSION Incidence of CC continues to rise in NA with majority of CC presented at higher stage and moderate differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thuraisingam
- UA Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J Jandova
- UA Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - V Pandit
- UA Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - M Michailidou
- UA Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - V N Nfonsam
- UA Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Beckmeyer-Borowko AB, Peterson CE, Brewer KC, Otoo MA, Davis FG, Hoskins KF, Joslin CE. The effect of time on racial differences in epithelial ovarian cancer (OVCA) diagnosis stage, overall and by histologic subtypes: a study of the National Cancer Database. Cancer Causes Control 2016; 27:1261-71. [PMID: 27590306 PMCID: PMC5418550 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-016-0806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies assessing racial and ethnic differences in ovarian cancer (OVCA) diagnosis stage fail to present subtype-specific results and provide historic data on cases diagnosed between 10 and 20 years ago. The purpose of this analysis is to assess non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) differences in late-stage diagnosis including; (1) factors associated with late-stage diagnosis of invasive epithelial OVCA overall and by histologic subtypes, (2) potential changes across time and (3) current patterns of trends in a national cancer registry in the USA and Puerto Rico between 1998 and 2011. METHODS NHB and NHW OVCA cases were derived from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Diagnosis stage was analyzed as a dichotomous and a four level-category variable, respectively; early (stages I and II; localized) versus late (stages III and IV; regional and distant) and stages I, II, III and IV. Diagnosis period was trichotomized (1998-2002, 2003-2007, 2008-2011). Racial differences in stage were tested using Chi-square statistics. Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) were estimated using multivariable binomial and generalized ordered logistic regressions. Interactions between race and diagnosis period were evaluated. RESULTS Between 1998 and 2011, 11,562 (7.8 %) NHB and 137,106 (92.2 %) NHW were diagnosed with OVCA. In adjusted models, NHB were significantly more likely diagnosed with late-stage OVCA than NHW (ORadj 1.26, 95 % CI 1.19-1.33). Interaction between race and diagnosis period was marginally significant (p value = 0.09), with racial differences in stage decreasing over time (1998-2002: ORadj 1.36, 95 % CI 1.23-1.49; 2003-2007: ORadj 1.27, 95 % CI 1.15-1.39; 2008-2011; ORadj 1.15, 95 % CI 1.05-1.27). NHB were also more likely to be diagnosed with stage 4 high-grade serous (ORadj 1.46, 95 % CI 1.22-1.74), clear cell (ORadj 2.71, 95 % CI 1.94-3.79) and mucinous (ORadj 2.78, 95 % CI 2.24-3.46) carcinomas than NHW. CONCLUSIONS Racial differences in late-stage OVCA diagnosis exist; however, these differences are decreasing with time. Within NCDB, NHB are significantly more likely diagnosed with late-stage OVCA and more specifically high-grade serous, clear cell and mucinous carcinomas than NHW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Beckmeyer-Borowko
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Caryn E Peterson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Science Research Program, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, 1855 W. Taylor St, Ste.3.154, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, 747 W Roosevelt Rd, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
| | - Katherine C Brewer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mary A Otoo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, M/C 648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Faith G Davis
- 3-317 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta School of Public Health, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Kent F Hoskins
- Cancer Control and Population Science Research Program, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, 1855 W. Taylor St, Ste.3.154, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, 747 W Roosevelt Rd, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
- College of Medicine, Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Charlotte E Joslin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, M/C 648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Cancer Control and Population Science Research Program, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, 1855 W. Taylor St, Ste.3.154, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Lorgelly PK, Doble B, Knott RJ. Realising the Value of Linked Data to Health Economic Analyses of Cancer Care: A Case Study of Cancer 2015. Pharmacoeconomics 2016; 34:139-54. [PMID: 26547307 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-015-0343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing appetite for large complex databases that integrate a range of personal, socio-demographic, health, genetic and financial information on individuals. It has been argued that 'Big Data' will provide the necessary catalyst to advance both biomedical research and health economics and outcomes research. However, it is important that we do not succumb to being data rich but information poor. This paper discusses the benefits and challenges of building Big Data, analysing Big Data and making appropriate inferences in order to advance cancer care, using Cancer 2015 (a prospective, longitudinal, genomic cohort study in Victoria, Australia) as a case study. Cancer 2015 has been linked to State and Commonwealth reimbursement databases that have known limitations. This partly reflects the funding arrangements in Australia, a country with both public and private provision, including public funding of private healthcare, and partly the legislative frameworks that govern data linkage. Additionally, linkage is not without time delays and, as such, achieving a contemporaneous database is challenging. Despite these limitations, there is clear value in using linked data and creating Big Data. This paper describes the linked Cancer 2015 dataset, discusses estimation issues given the nature of the data and presents panel regression results that allow us to make possible inferences regarding which patient, disease, genomic and treatment characteristics explain variation in health expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula K Lorgelly
- Centre for Health Economics, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Brett Doble
- Centre for Health Economics, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Rachel J Knott
- Centre for Health Economics, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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Bandera EV, Maskarinec G, Romieu I, John EM. Racial and ethnic disparities in the impact of obesity on breast cancer risk and survival: a global perspective. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:803-19. [PMID: 26567202 PMCID: PMC4642425 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.009647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global concern, affecting both developed and developing countries. Although there are large variations in obesity and breast cancer rates worldwide and across racial/ethnic groups, most studies evaluating the impact of obesity on breast cancer risk and survival have been conducted in non-Hispanic white women in the United States or Europe. Given the known racial/ethnic differences in tumor hormone receptor subtype distribution, obesity prevalence, and risk factor profiles, we reviewed published data for women of African, Hispanic, and Asian ancestry in the United States and their countries of origin. Although the data are limited, current evidence suggests a stronger adverse effect of obesity on breast cancer risk and survival in women of Asian ancestry. For African Americans and Hispanics, the strength of the associations appears to be more comparable to that of non-Hispanic whites, particularly when accounting for subtype and menopausal status. Central obesity seems to have a stronger impact in African-American women than general adiposity as measured by body mass index. International data from countries undergoing economic transition offer a unique opportunity to evaluate the impact of rapid weight gain on breast cancer. Such studies should take into account genetic ancestry, which may help elucidate differences in associations between ethnically admixed populations. Overall, additional large studies that use a variety of adiposity measures are needed, because the current evidence is based on few studies, most with limited statistical power. Future investigations of obesity biomarkers will be useful to understand possible racial/ethnic biological differences underlying the complex association between obesity and breast cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Department of Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
| | | | | | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA; and Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Lee JM, Buist DSM, Houssami N, Dowling EC, Halpern EF, Gazelle GS, Lehman CD, Henderson LM, Hubbard RA. Five-year risk of interval-invasive second breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv109. [PMID: 25904721 PMCID: PMC4651041 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier detection of second breast cancers after primary breast cancer (PBC) treatment improves survival, yet mammography is less accurate in women with prior breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine women presenting clinically with second breast cancers after negative surveillance mammography (interval cancers), and to estimate the five-year risk of interval-invasive second cancers for women with varying risk profiles. METHODS We evaluated a prospective cohort of 15 114 women with 47 717 surveillance mammograms diagnosed with stage 0-II unilateral PBC from 1996 through 2008 at facilities in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium. We used discrete time survival models to estimate the association between odds of an interval-invasive second breast cancer and candidate predictors, including demographic, PBC, and imaging characteristics. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of second breast cancers after five years was 54.4 per 1000 women, with 325 surveillance-detected and 138 interval-invasive second breast cancers. The five-year risk of interval-invasive second cancer for women with referent category characteristics was 0.60%. For women with the most and least favorable profiles, the five-year risk ranged from 0.07% to 6.11%. Multivariable modeling identified grade II PBC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15 to 3.31), treatment with lumpectomy without radiation (OR = 3.27, 95% CI = 1.91 to 5.62), interval PBC presentation (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.28 to 3.16), and heterogeneously dense breasts on mammography (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.36) as independent predictors of interval-invasive second breast cancers. CONCLUSIONS PBC diagnosis and treatment characteristics contribute to variation in subsequent-interval second breast cancer risk. Consideration of these factors may be useful in developing tailored post-treatment imaging surveillance plans.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Breast/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/therapy
- Early Detection of Cancer/methods
- Female
- Humans
- Incidence
- Mammography
- Mass Screening/methods
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/diagnostic imaging
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/epidemiology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/therapy
- North Carolina/epidemiology
- Odds Ratio
- Population Surveillance
- Prospective Studies
- Registries
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Time Factors
- Washington/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie M Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA (JML, CDL); Department of Radiology and Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (JML, ECD, EFH, GSG); Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (DSMB, RAH); Screening and Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (NH); Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (LMH).
| | - Diana S M Buist
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA (JML, CDL); Department of Radiology and Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (JML, ECD, EFH, GSG); Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (DSMB, RAH); Screening and Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (NH); Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (LMH)
| | - Nehmat Houssami
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA (JML, CDL); Department of Radiology and Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (JML, ECD, EFH, GSG); Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (DSMB, RAH); Screening and Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (NH); Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (LMH)
| | - Emily C Dowling
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA (JML, CDL); Department of Radiology and Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (JML, ECD, EFH, GSG); Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (DSMB, RAH); Screening and Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (NH); Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (LMH)
| | - Elkan F Halpern
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA (JML, CDL); Department of Radiology and Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (JML, ECD, EFH, GSG); Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (DSMB, RAH); Screening and Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (NH); Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (LMH)
| | - G Scott Gazelle
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA (JML, CDL); Department of Radiology and Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (JML, ECD, EFH, GSG); Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (DSMB, RAH); Screening and Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (NH); Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (LMH)
| | - Constance D Lehman
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA (JML, CDL); Department of Radiology and Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (JML, ECD, EFH, GSG); Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (DSMB, RAH); Screening and Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (NH); Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (LMH)
| | - Louise M Henderson
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA (JML, CDL); Department of Radiology and Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (JML, ECD, EFH, GSG); Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (DSMB, RAH); Screening and Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (NH); Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (LMH)
| | - Rebecca A Hubbard
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA (JML, CDL); Department of Radiology and Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (JML, ECD, EFH, GSG); Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (DSMB, RAH); Screening and Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (NH); Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (LMH)
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Altekruse SF, Dickie L, Wu XC, Hsieh MC, Wu M, Lee R, Delacroix S. Clinical and prognostic factors for renal parenchymal, pelvis, and ureter cancers in SEER registries: collaborative stage data collection system, version 2. Cancer 2015; 120 Suppl 23:3826-35. [PMID: 25412394 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Joint Committee on Cancer's (AJCC) 7th edition cancer staging manual reflects recent changes in cancer care practices. This report assesses changes from the AJCC 6th to the AJCC 7th edition stage distributions and the quality of site-specific factors (SSFs). METHODS Incidence data for renal parenchyma and pelvis and ureter cancers from 18 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries were examined, including staging trends during 2004-2010, stage distribution changes between the AJCC 6th and 7th editions, and SSF completeness for cases diagnosed in 2010. RESULTS From 2004 to 2010, the percentage of stage I renal parenchyma cancers increased from 50% to 58%, whereas stage IV and unknown stage cases decreased (18% to 15%, and 10% to 6%, respectively). During this period, the percentage of stage 0a renal pelvis and ureter cancers increased from 21% to 25%, and stage IV and unknown stage tumors decreased (20% to 18%, and 7% to 5%, respectively). Stage distributions under the AJCC 6th and 7th editions were about the same. For renal parenchymal cancers, 71%-90% of cases had known values for 6 required SSFs. For renal pelvis and ureter cancers, 74% of cases were coded as known for SSF1 (WHO/ISUP grade) and 47% as known for SSF2 (depth of renal parenchymal invasion). SSF values were known for larger proportions of cases with reported resections. CONCLUSIONS Stage distributions between the AJCC 6th and 7th editions were similar. SSFs were known for more than two-thirds of cases, providing more detail in the SEER database relevant to prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean F Altekruse
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Rockville, Maryland
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Bonchak JG, Eby JM, Willenborg KA, Chrobak D, Henning SW, Krzywiec A, Johnson SL, Le Poole IC. Targeting melanocyte and melanoma stem cells by 8-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 563:71-8. [PMID: 25132642 PMCID: PMC4221435 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone (MBEH) is cytotoxic towards melanocytes. Its treatment efficacy is limited by an inability to eradicate stem cells. By contrast, 8-hydroxy-N,N-dipropyl-2-aminotetralin (8-DPAT) affects melanocyte stem cell survival. MBEH and 8-DPAT were added to melanocytes and melanoma cells to compare cytotoxicity. Stem cell content among viable cells was determined by fluorocytometry using markers CD34, Pax3, and CD271. Immunostaining was used to identify stem cells in skin explants treated with MBEH or 8-DPAT ex vivo. Mice were exposed to MBEH or 8-DPAT and scanned for depigmentation before harvesting skin. MBEH exposure prompted a relative increase in stem cells among cultured melanocytes and melanoma cells, as treatment preferentially eliminated differentiated cells and spared the stem cells. Viability of this remaining, enriched stem cell population was however rapidly reduced by exposure to 8-DPAT within melanocyte and melanoma cell cultures. In human skin explants, the abundance of melanocyte stem cells was also visibly reduced after 8-DPAT treatment, in contrast to tissue exposed to MBEH. Meanwhile, significant depigmentation of the mouse pelage and loss of differentiated melanocytes was observed in vivo in response to topical application of MBEH, but not 8-DPAT. Prolonged application of the latter agent instead appeared to effectively reduce the abundance of melanocyte stem cells in the dermis. This furthers the idea that MBEH and 8-DPAT target complementary cell populations. Results indicate that combination treatment may demonstrate superior therapeutic activity by eliminating both differentiated and tumor initiating populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Bonchak
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan M Eby
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | - David Chrobak
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Steven W Henning
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Anna Krzywiec
- Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy, Aurora, IL, USA
| | - Steven L Johnson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MA, USA
| | - I Caroline Le Poole
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA; Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.
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22
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Howlader N, Chen VW, Ries LAG, Loch MM, Lee R, DeSantis C, Lin CC, Ruhl J, Cronin KA. Overview of breast cancer collaborative stage data items-their definitions, quality, usage, and clinical implications: A review of SEER data for 2004-2010. Cancer 2014; 120 Suppl 23:3771-80. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Howlader
- Surveillance Research Program; Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences; National Cancer Institute; Rockville Maryland
| | - Vivien W. Chen
- Louisiana Tumor Registry and Epidemiology Program; School of Public Health; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; New Orleans Louisiana
| | - Lynn A. G. Ries
- Surveillance Research Program; Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences; National Cancer Institute; Rockville Maryland
- RiesSearch, LLC; Rockville Maryland
| | - Michelle M. Loch
- Department of Hematology/Oncology; School of Medicine; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; New Orleans Louisiana
| | - Richard Lee
- Information Management Systems, Inc.; Silver Spring Maryland
| | - Carol DeSantis
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program; Intramural Research; American Cancer Society; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Chun Chieh Lin
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program; Intramural Research; American Cancer Society; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Jennifer Ruhl
- Surveillance Research Program; Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences; National Cancer Institute; Rockville Maryland
| | - Kathleen A. Cronin
- Surveillance Research Program; Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences; National Cancer Institute; Rockville Maryland
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Kong CY, Kroep S, Curtius K, Hazelton WD, Jeon J, Meza R, Heberle CR, Miller MC, Choi SE, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, van Ballegooijen M, Feuer EJ, Inadomi JM, Hur C, Luebeck EG. Exploring the recent trend in esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence and mortality using comparative simulation modeling. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:997-1006. [PMID: 24692500 PMCID: PMC4048738 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased five-fold in the United States since 1975. The aim of our study was to estimate future U.S. EAC incidence and mortality and to shed light on the potential drivers in the disease process that are conduits for the dramatic increase in EAC incidence. METHODS A consortium of three research groups calibrated independent mathematical models to clinical and epidemiologic data including EAC incidence from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER 9) registry from 1975 to 2010. We then used a comparative modeling approach to project EAC incidence and mortality to year 2030. RESULTS Importantly, all three models identified birth cohort trends affecting cancer progression as a major driver of the observed increases in EAC incidence and mortality. All models predict that incidence and mortality rates will continue to increase until 2030 but with a plateauing trend for recent male cohorts. The predicted ranges of incidence and mortality rates (cases per 100,000 person years) in 2030 are 8.4 to 10.1 and 5.4 to 7.4, respectively, for males, and 1.3 to 1.8 and 0.9 to 1.2 for females. Estimates of cumulative cause-specific EAC deaths between both sexes for years 2011 to 2030 range between 142,300 and 186,298, almost double the number of deaths in the past 20 years. CONCLUSIONS Through comparative modeling, the projected increases in EAC cases and deaths represent a critical public health concern that warrants attention from cancer control planners to prepare potential interventions. IMPACT Quantifying this burden of disease will aid health policy makers to plan appropriate cancer control measures. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(6); 997-1006. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Yin Kong
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the NetherlandsAuthors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja Kroep
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kit Curtius
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - William D Hazelton
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jihyoun Jeon
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rafael Meza
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Curtis R Heberle
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the NetherlandsAuthors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Melecia C Miller
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the NetherlandsAuthors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sung Eun Choi
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the NetherlandsAuthors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Ballegooijen
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric J Feuer
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John M Inadomi
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chin Hur
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the NetherlandsAuthors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the NetherlandsAuthors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Depart
| | - E Georg Luebeck
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute for Technology Assessment; Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Applied Mathematics; Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington; Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics; Program in Computational Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Sineshaw HM, Gaudet M, Ward EM, Flanders WD, Desantis C, Lin CC, Jemal A. Association of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and breast cancer subtypes in the National Cancer Data Base (2010-2011). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 145:753-63. [PMID: 24794028 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2976-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To estimate the odds of breast cancer subtypes in minority populations versus non-Hispanic (NH) whites stratified by socioeconomic status (SES) [a composite of individual-level SES (insurance status) and area-level SES (median household income quartile from 2000 U.S. Census data)] using a large nationwide cancer database. We used the National Cancer Data Base to identify breast cancer cases diagnosed in 2010 and 2011, the only 2 years since U.S. cancer registries uniformly began collecting HER2 results. Breast cancer cases were classified into five subtypes based on hormone receptor (HR) and HER2 status: HR+/HER2-, HR+/HER2+, HR-/HER2+ (HER2-overexpressing), HR-/HER2- (TN), and unknown. A polytomous logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) comparing the odds of non-HR+/HER2-subtypes to HR+/HER2- for racial/ethnic groups controlling for and stratifying by SES, using a composite of insurance status and area-level income. Compared with NH whites, NH blacks and Hispanics were 84 % (OR = 1.84; 95 % CI 1.77-1.92) and 17 % (OR = 1.17; 95 % CI 1.11-1.24) more likely to have TN subtype versus HR+/HER2-, respectively. Asian/Pacific Islanders (API) had 1.45 times greater odds of being diagnosed with HER2-overexpressing subtype versus HR+/HER2- compared with NH whites (OR = 1.45; 95 % CI 1.31-1.61). We found similar ORs for race in high and low strata of SES. In a large nationwide hospital-based dataset, we found higher odds of having TN breast cancer in black women and of HER2-overexpressing in API compared with white women in every level of SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmneh M Sineshaw
- American Cancer Society, Inc.,, 250 Williams Street NW, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA,
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Ladabaum U, Clarke CA, Press DJ, Mannalithara A, Myer PA, Cheng I, Gomez SL. Colorectal cancer incidence in Asian populations in California: effect of nativity and neighborhood-level factors. Am J Gastroenterol 2014; 109:579-88. [PMID: 24492754 PMCID: PMC5746419 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2013.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heritable and environmental factors may contribute to differences in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence across populations. We capitalized on the resources of the California Cancer Registry (CCR) and California's diverse Asian population to perform a cohort study exploring the relationships between CRC incidence, nativity, and neighborhood-level factors across Asian subgroups. METHODS We identified CRC cases in the CCR from 1990 to 2004 and calculated age-adjusted CRC incidence rates for non-Hispanic Whites and US-born vs. foreign-born Asian ethnic subgroups, stratified by neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and "ethnic enclave." Trends were studied with joinpoint analysis. RESULTS CRC incidence was lowest among foreign-born South Asians (22.0/100,000; 95% confidence interval (CI): 19.7-24.5/100,000) and highest among foreign-born Japanese (74.6/100,000; 95% CI: 70.1-79.2/100,000). Women in all Asian subgroups except Japanese, and men in all Asian subgroups except Japanese and US-born Chinese, had lower CRC incidence than non-Hispanic Whites. Among Chinese men and Filipino women and men, CRC incidence was lower among foreign-born than US-born persons; the opposite was observed for Japanese women and men. Among non-Hispanic Whites, but not most Asian subgroups, CRC incidence decreased over time. CRC incidence was inversely associated with neighborhood SES among non-Hispanic Whites, and level of ethnic enclave among Asians. CONCLUSIONS CRC incidence rates differ substantially across Asian subgroups in California. The significant associations between CRC incidence and nativity and residence in an ethnic enclave suggest a substantial effect of acquired environmental factors. The absence of declines in CRC incidence rates among most Asians during our study period may point to disparities in screening compared with Whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Ladabaum
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Christina A. Clarke
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA
| | - David J. Press
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA
| | - Ajitha Mannalithara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Parvathi A. Myer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA
| | - Scarlett Lin Gomez
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA
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Schneider S, Kloimstein P, Pammer J, Brannath W, Grasl MC, Erovic BM. New diagnostic markers in salivary gland tumors. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 271:1999-2007. [PMID: 24091559 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-013-2740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Parotid gland tumors are a rare and heterogeneous entity. Molecular markers are sparse. The aim of the study was to identify new diagnostic markers in benign and malignant salivary tumors. A tissue microarray was constructed with 158 tumor samples. Expression of 21 tumor antigens involved in tumor cell survival and known for prognostic potential was assessed immunohistochemically in all parotid gland samples. CEA, Cox-1, Cox-2, Sigma, beta-Catenin, WISP-1 and PDGF-beta were differently regulated in benign and malignant parotid tumors. Subsequently, these seven proteins entered the step-wise logistic regression analysis. As a second step, we defined a score for differentiating benign versus malignant parotid lesions: 4*CEA+15*Cox-1+4*Cox-2+4*Sigma+3*PDGF-beta+10*beta-Catenin+14*Wisp1. Sensitivity and specificity of 94 and 83% were reached. Besides routine hematoxylin and eosin staining, definition of new diagnostic markers and subsequently a new diagnostic score are an attempt to create an additional tool for the diagnosis of parotid gland tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Schneider
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria,
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Crocetti E, Caldarella A, Ferretti S, Ardanaz E, Arveux P, Bara S, Barrios E, Bento MJ, Bordoni A, Buzzoni C, Candela G, Colombani F, Delafosse P, Federico M, Francart J, Giacomin A, Grosclaude P, Guizard AV, Izarzugaza I, Konzelmann I, La Rosa F, Lapotre B, Leone N, Ligier K, Mangone L, Marcos-Gragera R, Martinez R, Michelena MJ, Michiara M, Miranda A, Molinié F, Mugarza-Gomez C, Paci E, Piffer S, Puig-Vives M, Sacchettini C, Sánchez MJ, Traina A, Tretarre B, Tumino R, Van Vaerenbergh E, Velten M, Woronoff AS. Consistency and inconsistency in testing biomarkers in breast cancer. A GRELL study in cut-off variability in the Romance language countries. Breast 2013; 22:476-81. [PMID: 23669022 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Biological markers are crucial factors in order to differentiate female breast cancers and to determine the right therapy. This study aims at evaluating whether testing for biomarkers for female breast cancer has similar frequency and characteristics across and within countries. METHODS Population-based cancer registries of the Association for cancer registration and epidemiology in Romance language countries (GRELL) were asked to complete a questionnaire on biomarkers testing. The data collected referred to invasive female breast cancer cases diagnosed between 2004 and 2009. The investigation focused on 1) the overexpression and amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 oncogene (HER2); 2) the expression of oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors; and 3) the proliferation index (PI). Weighted percentages, the heterogeneity among and within countries, and the correlation between responses and calendar years were evaluated. The study was based on 19,644 breast cancers. RESULTS Overall, 85.9% of the cases were tested for HER2, 91.8% for both ER and PgR, and 74.1% for proliferative markers. For HER2 and ER-PgR, the frequency of testing increased from 2004 to 2009. Testing varied among countries (HER2 from 82.0% to 95.9%, ER-PgR from 89.3% to 98.9%, PI from 10% to 92%) and also within the same country (e.g. HER2 in Italy from 51% to 99%) as well as within single cancer registries. The most relevant differences were in the scores for positive/negative/not clearly defined HER2 (e.g. HER2 was defined positive if IHC 3+ in 21/33 registries), and in the cut-off of positive cells for ER/PgR (from >0% to >30%) and PI positivity (from >0% to >20%). CONCLUSIONS Biological markers are widely tested in the Romance language countries; however, the parameters defining their positivity may vary, raising concerns about homogeneity in breast cancer classification and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Crocetti
- Tuscany Cancer Registry, Clinical and Descriptive Epidemiology Unit, ISPO Via delle Oblate 2, 50141 Florence, Italy
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Howlader N, Noone AM, Yu M, Cronin KA. Use of imputed population-based cancer registry data as a method of accounting for missing information: application to estrogen receptor status for breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol 2012; 176:347-56. [PMID: 22842721 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program provides a rich source of data stratified according to tumor biomarkers that play an important role in cancer surveillance research. These data are useful for analyzing trends in cancer incidence and survival. These tumor markers, however, are often prone to missing observations. To address the problem of missing data, the authors employed sequential regression multivariate imputation for breast cancer variables, with a particular focus on estrogen receptor status, using data from 13 SEER registries covering the period 1992-2007. In this paper, they present an approach to accounting for missing information through the creation of imputed data sets that can be analyzed using existing software (e.g., SEER*Stat) developed for analyzing cancer registry data. Bias in age-adjusted trends in female breast cancer incidence is shown graphically before and after imputation of estrogen receptor status, stratified by age and race. The imputed data set will be made available in SEER*Stat (http://seer.cancer.gov/analysis/index.html) to facilitate accurate estimation of breast cancer incidence trends. To ensure that the imputed data set is used correctly, the authors provide detailed, step-by-step instructions for conducting analyses. This is the first time that a nationally representative, population-based cancer registry data set has been imputed and made available to researchers for conducting a variety of analyses of breast cancer incidence trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Howlader
- Data Analysis and Interpretation Branch, Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
Triple negative (TN) breast cancers fail to express the three most common breast cancer receptors; i.e., estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). Accumulating data demonstrate that epidemiological risk factor profiles also vary between TN (ER-PR-HER2-) and other breast cancers, especially the so-called Luminal A breast cancers (ER+PR ± HER2-) [1]. A more comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of TN breast cancers has important public health implications for risk assessment [2], prevention and treatment. The epidemiology of TN breast cancers can be first understood in the age-related reproductive risk factor patterns for ER, PR, and HER2. For example, there is a clear and strong association between older age at diagnosis (and therefore postmenopausal status) and the development of ER positive, PR positive, and HER2 negative breast cancers. On the other hand, younger age at diagnosis (and premenopausal status) is related to the development of ER negative, PR negative, and HER2 positive breast cancers. This gives rise to the somewhat counterintuitive suggestion that menopause has a greater relative impact upon hormone receptor negative than positive breast cancers [3,4]. Throughout this review, we will primarily contrast ER-PR-HER2- (TN) with ER+PR ± HER2- (Luminal A) breast cancers. We will first summarize the population-based age-specific incidence rate patterns and clinical outcomes, and then will review the available analytical studies. Information sources for this review included the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 13 Registries Public-Use Database [5], CANCERLIT, Index Medicus, and PubMed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen L Gierach
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, DHHS/NIH/NCI/Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD 20892-7244, USA
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Swede H, Gregorio DI, Tannenbaum SH, Brockmeyer JA, Ambrosone C, Wilson LL, Pensa MA, Gonsalves L, Stevens RG, Runowicz CD. Prevalence and prognostic role of triple-negative breast cancer by race: a surveillance study. Clin Breast Cancer 2011; 11:332-41. [PMID: 21729670 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging research suggests a substantially greater prevalence of the adverse triple-negative (TN) subtype (human epidermal growth factor receptor [HER]2(-), estrogen receptor [ER](-), and progesterone receptor [PR])(-)) among black patients with breast cancer. No reports however have been generated from a statewide cancer registry. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study consisted of all black patients (N = 643) and a random sample of white patients (n = 719) diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer (2000-2003) listed in the National Cancer Institute-Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (NCI-SEER) Connecticut Tumor Registry (CTR). HER2 status was obtained from pathology reports submitted to the registry. Remaining data were obtained from the registry database. RESULTS TN tumors were more prevalent in black compared with white patients (30.8% vs. 11.2%, respectively; P < .001.) There was a 2-fold greater frequency of ER(-) and PR(-) phenotypes among black patients, but HER2 status did not differ by race. Patients with lobular cancer were less likely to have TN breast cancer compared with patients with ductal tumors (odds ratio [OR] = 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10-0.58). Among patients with regional disease, black patients exhibited increased risk of death (relative risk [RR] = 2.71; 95% CI, 1.48-4.97) independent of TN status. No survival disparity was found among patients with local disease. DISCUSSION These registry-based data corroborate reports that TN breast cancer varies substantially by race and histologic subtype. A survival disparity among patients with advanced disease, but not local disease, casts some doubt on TN status as an explanation for differences. CONCLUSION More research is warranted to understand why black patients with advanced breast cancer may be at increased risk for death whether or not their tumors express the TN phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Swede
- Department of Community Medicine & Health Care, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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