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Giraud G, Sosa S, Hambuckers A, Deleuze S, Wandia IN, Huynen MC, Poncin P, Brotcorne F. Effect of Infant Presence on Social Networks of Sterilized and Intact Wild Female Balinese Macaques ( Macaca fascicularis). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2538. [PMID: 34573504 PMCID: PMC8466756 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Contraception is increasingly used to control wild animal populations. However, as reproductive condition influences social interactions in primates, the absence of new offspring could influence the females' social integration. We studied two groups of wild macaques (Macaca fascicularis) including females recently sterilized in the Ubud Monkey Forest, Indonesia. We used social network analysis to examine female grooming and proximity networks and investigated the role of infant presence on social centrality and group connectivity, while controlling for the fertility status (sterilized N = 14, intact N = 34). We compared the ego networks of females experiencing different nursing conditions (young infant (YI) vs. old infant (OI) vs. non-nursing (NN) females). YI females were less central in the grooming network than other females while being more central in proximity networks, suggesting they could keep proximity within the group to protect their infant from hazards, while decreasing direct grooming interactions, involving potential risks such as kidnapping. The centrality of sterilized and intact females was similar, except for the proximity network where sterilized females had more partners and a better group connectivity. These results confirm the influence of nursing condition in female macaque social networks and did not show any negative short-term effects of sterilization on social integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwennan Giraud
- Research Unit SPHERES, Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, 4020 Liège, Belgium; (A.H.); (M.-C.H.); (F.B.)
| | - Sebastian Sosa
- Department of Ecology, Physiology and Ethology, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67200 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Alain Hambuckers
- Research Unit SPHERES, Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, 4020 Liège, Belgium; (A.H.); (M.-C.H.); (F.B.)
| | - Stefan Deleuze
- Research Unit FARAH, Equine and Companion Animal Reproduction Pathologies Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, 4130 Liège, Belgium;
| | - I Nengah Wandia
- Primate Division of Natural Resources and Environment Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar 80361, Bali, Indonesia;
| | - Marie-Claude Huynen
- Research Unit SPHERES, Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, 4020 Liège, Belgium; (A.H.); (M.-C.H.); (F.B.)
| | - Pascal Poncin
- Research Unit FOCUS, Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, 4020 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Fany Brotcorne
- Research Unit SPHERES, Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, 4020 Liège, Belgium; (A.H.); (M.-C.H.); (F.B.)
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Evans BJ, Gansauge M, Tocheri MW, Schillaci MA, Sutikna T, Jatmiko, Saptomo EW, Klegarth A, Tosi AJ, Melnick DJ, Meyer M. Mitogenomics of macaques (Macaca) across Wallace's Line in the context of modern human dispersals. J Hum Evol 2020; 146:102852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tee SL, Solihhin A, Juffiry SA, Rinalfi Putra T, Lechner AM, Azhar B. The effect of oil palm agricultural expansion on group size of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Peninsular Malaysia. Mamm Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jones HP, Campbell KJ, Burke AM, Baxter GS, Hanson CC, Mittermeier RA. Introduced non-hominid primates impact biodiversity and livelihoods: management priorities. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ilham K, Rizaldi, Nurdin J, Tsuji Y. Status of urban populations of the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Primates 2016; 58:295-305. [PMID: 27900569 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-016-0588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We studied long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) populations in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, focusing on the effect of human provisioning on their demography and dietary composition. We conducted a field survey at three sites in the city: Gunung Meru, Gunung Padang, and Gunung Panggilun. Mean troop size (range 28-68) and infant ratio (range 0.38-1.00) were greater in Gunung Meru, where the macaques have been highly provisioned, than at the other two study sites (troop size 10-15; infant ratio 0.00-0.33). The macaques at all sites consumed both natural and human foods, but dependence on the latter differed among sites: three-quarters of the diet of macaques in Gunung Meru consisted of human foods, while human foods comprised less than 5% of the macaque diet at the other sites. The ability of macaques to modify the proportion of human food is a behavioral flexibility that facilitates the survival of the long-tailed macaque in urban habitats. Without restrictions on provisioning, the degree of dependence of macaques on human foods and population size could increase, especially in Gunung Meru, and human-macaque conflict could escalate. In order to create an effective management policy for urbanized monkeys, long-term quantitative data on macaque behavior and monitoring of population parameters are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurnia Ilham
- Department of Biology, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, 25163, Indonesia.
| | - Rizaldi
- Department of Biology, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, 25163, Indonesia
| | - Jabang Nurdin
- Department of Biology, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, 25163, Indonesia
| | - Yamato Tsuji
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi, 4848506, Japan
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Daegling DJ, Granatosky MC, McGraw WS. Spatial patterning of bone stiffness in the anterior mandibular corpus ofMacaca fascicularis: Implications for models of bone adaptation. Am J Phys Anthropol 2014; 156:649-60. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Daegling
- Department of Anthropology; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611-7305
| | | | - W. Scott McGraw
- Department of Anthropology; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210-1106
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Daegling DJ, Granatosky MC, McGraw WS. Ontogeny of material stiffness heterogeneity in the macaque mandibular corpus. Am J Phys Anthropol 2013; 153:297-304. [PMID: 24282152 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that bone material stiffness increases during ontogeny, and the role of elastic modulus in conditioning attributes of strength and toughness is therefore a focus of ongoing investigation. Developmental changes in structural properties of the primate mandible have been documented, but comparatively little is known about changes in material heterogeneity and their impact on biomechanical behavior. We examine a cross-sectional sample of Macaca fascicularis (N = 14) to investigate a series of hypotheses that collectively evaluate whether the patterning of material stiffness (elastic modulus) heterogeneity in the mandible differs among juvenile, subadult and adult individuals. Because differences in age-related activity patterns are known to influence bone stiffness and strength, these data are potentially useful for understanding the relationship between feeding behavior on the one hand and material and structural properties of the mandible on the other. Elastic modulus is shown to be spatially dependent regardless of age, with this dependence being explicable primarily by differences in alveolar versus basal cortical bone. Elastic modulus does not differ consistently between buccal and lingual cortical plates, despite likely differences in the biomechanical milieu of these regions. Since we found only weak support for the hypothesis that the spatial patterning of heterogeneity becomes more predictable with age, accumulated load history may not account for regional differences in bone material properties in mature individuals with respect to the mandibular corpus.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Daegling
- Department of Anthropology, 1112 Turlington Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
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Scott RS, Teaford MF, Ungar PS. Dental microwear texture and anthropoid diets. Am J Phys Anthropol 2012; 147:551-79. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sha JCM, Gumert MD, Lee BPYH, Jones-Engel L, Chan S, Fuentes A. Macaque-human interactions and the societal perceptions of macaques in Singapore. Am J Primatol 2009; 71:825-39. [PMID: 19479953 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Humans and long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) interface in several locations in Singapore. We investigated six of these interface zones to assess the level of conflict between the two species. We observed macaque-to-human interactions and distributed questionnaires to residents and visitors of nature reserves. We observed an average of two macaque-to-human interactions per hour at the sites, which included affiliative or submissive behaviors (46.9%), aggression (19.1%), taking food and other items (18.5%) searching bins, cars, and houses (13.4%), and nonaggressive contact (2.1%). Two-thirds of interactions occurred when a human was carrying food or food cues, and one-quarter occurred when a human provoked macaques. Only 8% of interactions occurred without a clear human-triggered context. Our interview showed one-third of respondents experienced nuisance problems from macaques. They had items taken from them (50.5%) and received threats (31.9%). Residents reported more nuisance problems than visitors, and their perceptions toward macaques differed. Residents were more aware of the consequences of food provisioning and that there were regulations against feeding. Residents fed macaques less and held more negative sentiments toward macaques. Nearly half of the interviewed people held neutral attitudes toward macaques and only 26.2% of respondents thought conflict with macaques warranted urgent action. Nearly two-thirds of the respondents supported education programs to ameliorate human-macaque conflict, and less than 15% supported removing or eradicating macaques. 87.6% felt that it is importance to conserve and protect macaques. Our results show that human-macaque conflict exists in Singapore, but that it may not be severe. Human behavior is largely responsible for macaque-to-human interactions, and thus could be lessened with management of human behavior in interface zones (i.e. restrict food carrying and provocation). Moreover, our interviews shows people living in Singapore value macaques, do not wish them entirely removed, prefer education-based solutions, and consider conservation and protection of them important.
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Stewart AE, Gordon CH, Wich SA, Schroor P, Meijaard E. Fishing in Macaca fascicularis: A Rarely Observed Innovative Behavior. INT J PRIMATOL 2008; 29:543-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-007-9176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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SCHILLACI MICHAELA, JONES-ENGEL LISA, LEE BENJAMINPYH, FUENTES AGUSTIN, AGGIMARANGSEE NANTIYA, ENGEL GREGORYA, SUTTHIPAT TULYAWAT. Morphology and somatometric growth of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis fascicularis) in Singapore. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Olsson IAS, Westlund K. More than numbers matter: The effect of social factors on behaviour and welfare of laboratory rodents and non-human primates. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2006.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
This study explores the relation between cortical bone geometry in the mandibular corpus and in vivo masticatory stress patterns and dietary specialization in cercopithecoid primates. Cortical bone distribution in the mandibles of three species of Old World monkeys (Macaca fascicularis, Procolobus badius, Lophocebus albigena) was measured by computed tomography. The arrangement of bone within sections was quantified as (1) the ratio of cortical area to the enclosed (total) subperiosteal area; (2) the ratio of orthogonal second moments of area; and (3) size-adjusted measures of cortical area and regional thickness. Cross-sectional geometry differed among samples, but consistent patterns of cortical thinning and bone area were found within individual sections. This consistency was despite the marked differences in diet and feeding behavior that distinguish the three taxa. Lingually thin and basally thick cortical bone was found in the three monkeys; previously published data suggest that this pattern may be stereotypical among anthropoid primates. It is hypothesized that the interactive effects of shear, bending and torsion produce eccentric loads in corpus sections, which are mirrored by this asymmetrical arrangement of cortical bone. When interpreted against existing data for other primate groups, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that masticatory-loading profiles are broadly similar across anthropoids despite the distinctive occlusions found among the suborder. Understanding of the impact of diet on jaw morphology is, therefore, not improved by considerations of cortical bone distribution, i.e. the inference of diet from jaw form is best predicated on considerations of relative corpus size rather than cross-sectional geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Daegling
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117305, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Crockett CM, Kyes RC, Sajuthi D. Modeling managed monkey populations: sustainable harvest of longtailed macaques on a natural habitat island. Am J Primatol 1996; 40:343-360. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1996)40:4<343::aid-ajp4>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1995] [Revised: 07/02/1996] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Matsubayashi K, Gotoh S, Kawamoto Y, Watanabe T, Nozawa K, Takasaka M, Narita T, Griffiths O, Stanley M. Clinical examinations on crab-eating macaques in mauritius. Primates 1992; 33:281-8. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02382759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Michael RP, Zumpe DD. A review of sexual initiating behavior by male and female cynomolgus monkeys and some species comparisons. Primates 1988; 29:375-93. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02380961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Clarke AS, Mason WA, Moberg GP. Differentiall behavioral and adrenocortical responses to stress among three macaque species. Am J Primatol 1988; 14:37-52. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350140104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/1987] [Revised: 06/23/1987] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kawamoto Y, Ischak TM, Supriatna J. Genetic variations within and between troops of the crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) on Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok and Sumbawa, Indonesia. Primates 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02382387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zumpe D, Michael RP. A comparison of the behavior ofMacaca fascicularis andMacaca mulatta in relation to the menstrual cycle. Am J Primatol 1983; 4:55-72. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/1982] [Accepted: 10/11/1982] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Shively C, Clarke S, King N, Schapiro S, Mitchell G. Patterns of sexual behavior in male macaques. Am J Primatol 1982; 2:373-384. [PMID: 32188180 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/1981] [Accepted: 11/16/1981] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
One large social group of each of three species of macaques (Macaca mulatta, M. fascicularis, M. radiata), housed in half-acre field cages at the California Primate Research Center, were observed for a total of 150 h. Data on sexual behavior and dominance interactions were recorded by pairs of experienced observers using a focal animal technique. Single or multiple mount-to-ejaculation sequences, number of thrusts per mount, number of mounts per sequence, duration of mounts per sequence, duration of sequences, social rank and frequency of sexual activity were recorded for each adult male. M. mulatta used a multiple mount-to-ejaculation (MME) pattern in 91% of their copulations. M. radiata used a single mount-to-ejaculation (SME) pattern in 91% of their copulations. M. fascicularis used both patterns-53% MME and 47% SME. A positive correlation was found between rank and sexual activity in fascicularis and mulatta males. A negative correlation between rank and sexual activity was found in radiata males and also a positive correlation between rank and age indicating that the youngest and most subordinate radiata males were the most sexually active males. In reviewing the literature, a relationship between degree of intermale competition, intermale tolerance and type of mounting pattern was revealed. Macaque species that primarily use an SME pattern also show sa high degree of intermale tolerance and little interrnale competition. Macaque species that primarily use an MME pattern typically show a high degree of intermale competition and a low degree of intermale tolerance. Possible events leading to such relationships are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shively
- California Primate Research Center and Psychology Department, University of California, Davis
| | - S Clarke
- California Primate Research Center and Psychology Department, University of California, Davis
| | - N King
- California Primate Research Center and Psychology Department, University of California, Davis
| | - S Schapiro
- California Primate Research Center and Psychology Department, University of California, Davis
| | - G Mitchell
- California Primate Research Center and Psychology Department, University of California, Davis
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Kawamoto Y, Ischak TM. Genetic differentiation of the indonesian crab-eating macaque (macaca fascicularis/it): I. Preliminary report on blood protein polymorphism. Primates 1981; 22:237-52. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02382613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Emory GR, Harris SJ. On the directional orientation of female presents inMacaca fascicularis. Primates 1978; 19:227-229. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02373241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Chance MRA, Emory GR, Payne RG. Status referents in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis): Precursors and effects of a female rebellion. Primates 1977. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02383139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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