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Urey MA, Hibbert B, Jorde U, Eckman P, Simard T, Labinaz M, Nazer B, Wiley M, Gupta B, Sauer A, Shah H, Sorajja P, Pineda AM, Missov E, Mahmud E, Kahwash R, Lilly S, Latib A, Murthy S, Fam N, Garcia S, Chung ES, Klein L, Cheng R, Houston BA, Amoroso NS, Chang L, Gafoor S, Chaudhry SP, Hermiller J, Schwartz JG, Aldaia L, Koulogiannis K, Gray WA, Zahr F. Left atrial to coronary sinus shunting for treatment of heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction: The ALT FLOW Early Feasibility Study 1-year results. Eur J Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 38606485 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Patients with heart failure and mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction have limited therapeutic options. The ALT-FLOW Early Feasibility Study evaluated safety, haemodynamics and outcomes for the APTURE transcatheter shunt system, a novel left atrium to coronary sinus shunt in these patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Safety and shunt implantation success was evaluated for all 116 enrolled patients. An analysis population of implanted patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >40% (n = 95) was chosen to assess efficacy via paired comparison between baseline and follow-up haemodynamic (3 and 6 months), and echocardiographic, clinical and functional outcomes (6 months and 1 year). Health status and quality of life outcomes were assessed using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary score (KCCQ-OSS). The primary safety endpoint, major adverse cardiac, cerebral, and renal events, and reintervention through 30 days, occurred in 3/116 patients (2.6%). All implanted shunts were patent at 1 year. In patients with LVEF >40%, the mean (95% confidence interval) reduction in exercise pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) at 20 W was -5.7 (-8.6, -2.9) mmHg at 6 months (p < 0.001). At baseline, 8% had New York Heart Association class I-II status and improved to 68% at 1 year (p < 0.001). KCCQ-OSS at baseline was 39 (35, 43) and improved at 6 months and 1 year by 25 (20-30) and 27 (22-32) points, respectively (both p < 0.0001). No adverse changes in haemodynamic and echocardiographic indices of right heart function were observed at 1 year. Overall, the reduction in PCWP at 20 W and improvement in KCCQ-OSS in multiple subgroups were consistent with those observed for the entire population. CONCLUSIONS In patients with heart failure and LVEF >40%, the APTURE shunt demonstrated an acceptable safety profile with significant sustained improvements in haemodynamic and patient-centred outcomes, underscoring the need for further evaluation of the APTURE shunt in a randomized trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Urey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Hibbert
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- CAPITAL Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ulrich Jorde
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Peter Eckman
- Department of Cardiology, Allina Health Minneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Trevor Simard
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marino Labinaz
- CAPITAL Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Babak Nazer
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington Medical Center
| | - Mark Wiley
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Bhanu Gupta
- Virginia Mason Franciscan Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Sauer
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Hirak Shah
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Paul Sorajja
- Department of Cardiology, Allina Health Minneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andres M Pineda
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emil Missov
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ehtisham Mahmud
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rami Kahwash
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Scott Lilly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Azeem Latib
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sandhya Murthy
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Neil Fam
- St. Michael's Hospital Unity Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Santiago Garcia
- The Christ Hospital and The Carl and Edyth Lindner Center for Research and Education, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eugene S Chung
- Lindner Research Center at The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Liviu Klein
- Advanced Heart Failure Comprehensive Care Center, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian A Houston
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Nicholas S Amoroso
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lee Chang
- Swedish Heart and Vascular, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sameer Gafoor
- Swedish Heart and Vascular, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cardiovascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sunit-Preet Chaudhry
- Ascension St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis, Indiana and Ascension St. Vincent Cardiovascular Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - James Hermiller
- Ascension St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis, Indiana and Ascension St. Vincent Cardiovascular Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Lillian Aldaia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gagnon Cardiovascular Institute, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Konstantinos Koulogiannis
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gagnon Cardiovascular Institute, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | | | - Firas Zahr
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Mohebi R, Jones PG, Spertus JA, Lingvay I, Lanfear DE, Gosch KL, Birmingham M, Kosiborod MN, Butler J, Januzzi JL. Early Longitudinal Change in Heart Failure Health Status Following Initiation of Canagliflozin. JACC Heart Fail 2024; 12:711-718. [PMID: 38385941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) therapy improves health status in heart failure (HF). There is insufficient description regarding the timing, rate, and extent of the health status changes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) after initiation of SGLT2is. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to model the association of canagliflozin treatment with rates of change in HF symptom status in HFpEF and HFrEF. METHODS Study participants with HFrEF and HFpEF were treated with either canagliflozin 100 mg or placebo for 12 weeks. The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Total Symptom Score (KCCQ-TSS) was assessed at baseline and at 2, 4, 6, and 12 weeks. Longitudinal modeling assessed slope of KCCQ change across the study. RESULTS Among 448 individuals with HF (181 with HFrEF and 267 with HFpEF), participants with HFpEF had lower baseline KCCQ-TSS scores than those with HFrEF (54 ± 21 vs 64 ± 20). Modeling demonstrated initial rapid improvement in KCCQ-TSS in both HF groups, with deceleration over the next 4 to 6 weeks. The rate of change was greater among HFpEF participants (0.7 points/day; 95% CI: 0.3-1.1 points/day) than HFrEF participants (ΔKCCQ-TSS/day = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.1-1.0 points/day) randomized to canagliflozin, but these differences were not statistically significant (0.2 points/day; 95% CI: -0.4 to 0.7 points/day; P = 056). CONCLUSIONS After canagliflozin therapy, regardless of EF, modeling shows the KCCQ-TSS improves rapidly with the greatest improvements occurring within the first weeks of treatment. These results have implications for clinical use of SGLT2is and may be useful in the design of trials examining impact of these agents on health status in HF. (A Study on Impact of Canagliflozin on Health Status, Quality of Life, and Functional Status in Heart Failure [CHIEF-HF]; NCT04252287).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohebi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip G Jones
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute/University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - John A Spertus
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute/University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Ildiko Lingvay
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Kensey L Gosch
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute/University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Mikhail N Kosiborod
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute/University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Javed Butler
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - James L Januzzi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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3
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Bozkurt B. Contemporary pharmacological treatment and management of heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-00997-0. [PMID: 38532020 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-00997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The prevention and treatment strategies for heart failure (HF) have evolved in the past two decades. The stages of HF have been redefined, with recognition of the pre-HF state, which encompasses asymptomatic patients who have developed either structural or functional cardiac abnormalities or have elevated plasma levels of natriuretic peptides or cardiac troponin. The first-line treatment of patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction includes foundational therapies with angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and diuretics. The first-line treatment of patients with HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction or with HF with preserved ejection fraction includes SGLT2 inhibitors and diuretics. The timely initiation of these disease-modifying therapies and the optimization of treatment are crucial in all patients with HF. Reassessment after initiation of these therapies is recommended to evaluate patient symptoms, health status and left ventricular function, and timely referral to a HF specialist is necessary if a patient has persistent advanced HF symptoms or worsening HF. Lifestyle modification and treatment of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart disease and atrial fibrillation are crucial through each stage of HF. This Review provides an overview of the management strategies for HF according to disease stages that are derived from the recommendations in the latest US and European HF guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biykem Bozkurt
- Winters Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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4
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Cleland JGF. Nature and Magnitude of the Benefits of Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin for Heart Failure. Circulation 2024; 149:839-842. [PMID: 38466791 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.068089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- John G F Cleland
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
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5
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Omari MB, Naseri S, Hassan AJ. Drug Safety Evaluation of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Diabetic Comorbid Patients by Review of Systemic Extraglycemic Effects. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1131-1141. [PMID: 38465348 PMCID: PMC10924842 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s448670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of this drug in diabetic patients with comorbidities of all systems. Method In this review, the beneficial effects of this drug and its mechanism on the disorders of every system of humans in relation to diabetes have been studied, and finally, its adverse effects have also been discussed. The search for relevant information is carried out in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases by using the following terms: diabetes mellitus type 2, SGLT, SGLT2 inhibitors, (SGLT2 inhibitors) AND (Pleiotropic effects). All English-published articles from 2016 to 2023 have been used in this study. It should be noted that a small number of articles published before 2016 have been used in the introduction and general informations. Results Its beneficial effects on improving cardiovascular disease risk factors and reducing adverse events caused by cardiovascular and renal diseases have proven in most large clinical studies that these effects are almost certain. It also has beneficial effects on other human systems such as the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal system, the circulatory system, and the nervous system; more of them are at the level of clinical and pre-clinical trials but have not been proven in large clinical trials or meta-analyses. Conclusion With the exception of a few adverse effects, this drug is considered a good choice and safe for all diabetic patients with comorbidities of all systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Belal Omari
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Ali Abad Teaching Hospital, Kabul University of Medical Sciences "Abu Ali Ibn Sina", Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Shafiqullah Naseri
- Cardio-Pulmonary Department, Ali Abad Teaching Hospital, Kabul University of Medical Sciences "Abu Ali Ibn Sina", Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Abdul Jalil Hassan
- Department of Infectious Disease and Tuberculosis, Ali Abad Teaching Hospital, Kabul University of Medical Sciences "Abu Ali Ibn Sina", Kabul, Afghanistan
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6
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Trochu JN. Chronic heart failure with reduced EF: A decade of major pharmacological innovations. Presse Med 2024; 53:104219. [PMID: 38072123 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2023.104219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Because of its severity, prevalence, and medical economic importance, heart failure is a chronic disease that is the subject of intense medical research. The aim of this article was to review the therapeutic innovations of the last decade that have been incorporated into the latest international recommendations for the treatment of heart failure. METHOD Review of literature and current guidelines. CONCLUSION The results of the clinical trials reviewed here represent major advances that will have a significant impact on quality of life, survival, rehospitalisation and, for certain treatments, a beneficial joint effect on commonly associated comorbidities such as diabetes and chronic renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Noël Trochu
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France.
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7
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Oriecuia C, Tomasoni D, Sala I, Bonfioli GB, Adamo M, Gussago C, Lombardi CM, Pagnesi M, Savarese G, Metra M, Specchia C. Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and quality of life in patients with heart failure: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 2024; 10:147-157. [PMID: 37985675 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are one of the cornerstones of heart failure (HF) therapy. While benefits in terms of HF hospitalizations and death are well established, their impact on quality-of-life (QoL) has not been systematically investigated. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of SGLT2i treatment on QoL in patients with HF, by analysing data from randomized clinical trials (RCTs). METHODS We identified a total of 23 RCTs that investigated the role of SGLT2i on quality of life in patients with HF, irrespective of their left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). RCTs that used Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary score (KCCQ-OSS) to assess QoL and had a minimum follow-up of 3 months were included. The difference in mean change of the KCCQ-OSS between the SGLT2i group and the standard of care (SOC) group at 3 and 6 months from baseline was considered as the outcome measure. FINDINGS Fourteen RCTs (21 737 patients) were included in the analysis. A significant improvement in KCCQ-OSS over time (p < 0.001) was observed in both patients receiving SOC and those receiving SGLT2i in addition. The pooled estimate showed a significant improvement of 1.94 points [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.41-2.46] in KCCQ-OSS mean change at 3 months and of 2.18 points (95% CI, 1.13-3.24) at 6 months from baseline, with SGLT2i compared to SOC alone, irrespective of LVEF. A greater improvement in KCCQ-OSS was observed among patients with a recent episode of worsening HF compared to those with chronic stable HF. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with HF, irrespective of their LVEF and clinical status, the addition of SGLT2i to SOC demonstrated a significant improvement in quality of life as early as at 3-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Oriecuia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Tomasoni
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Heart and Vascular and Neuro Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabella Sala
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Bonfioli
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marianna Adamo
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Gussago
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Mario Lombardi
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Pagnesi
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Savarese
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Heart and Vascular and Neuro Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Specchia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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8
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Melin J, Parkinson J, Hamrén B, Penland RC, Boulton DW, Tang W. Dapagliflozin pharmacokinetics is similar between patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 90:606-612. [PMID: 37897064 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dapagliflozin was recently approved for use in adults with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) with/without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objectives of this analysis were to characterize dapagliflozin pharmacokinetics in patients with HFrEF and to compare dapagliflozin systemic exposure between adults with HFrEF with/without T2DM and adults with T2DM. A nonlinear mixed-effects modelling approach was applied; the population-pharmacokinetic model was developed using 9735 dapagliflozin plasma concentrations from 2744 patients. The final two-compartmental model adequately described the observed dapagliflozin concentrations, with a similar estimated apparent clearance compared with a previous estimate in patients with T2DM without HF and in healthy subjects (23.0 [95% CI: 22.6-23.9] L/h vs. 22.9 [95% CI: 22.1-23.7] L/h). The model-predicted median area under the dapagliflozin concentration-time profile was ≤1.2-fold higher in patients with HFrEF vs. those with T2DM without HFrEF, which is not considered clinically relevant. Dapagliflozin exposure was similar between patients with HFrEF with/without T2DM and T2DM patients without HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Melin
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joanna Parkinson
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hamrén
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert C Penland
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David W Boulton
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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9
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Meng S, Yu Y, Yu S, Zhu S, Shi M, Xiang M, Ma H. Advances in Metabolic Remodeling and Intervention Strategies in Heart Failure. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:36-55. [PMID: 37843752 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The heart is the most energy-demanding organ throughout the whole body. Perturbations or failure in energy metabolism contributes to heart failure (HF), which represents the advanced stage of various heart diseases. The poor prognosis and huge economic burden associated with HF underscore the high unmet need to explore novel therapies targeting metabolic modulators beyond conventional approaches focused on neurohormonal and hemodynamic regulators. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in metabolic substrate reliance, metabolic pathways, metabolic by-products, and energy production collectively regulate the occurrence and progression of HF. In this review, we provide an overview of cardiac metabolic remodeling, encompassing the utilization of free fatty acids, glucose metabolism, ketone bodies, and branched-chain amino acids both in the physiological condition and heart failure. Most importantly, the latest advances in pharmacological interventions are discussed as a promising therapeutic approach to restore cardiac function, drawing insights from recent basic research, preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Shuo Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Shiyu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Mengjia Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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10
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Greene SJ, Butler J, Kosiborod MN. Chapter 3: Clinical Trials of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitors for Treatment of Heart Failure. Am J Med 2024; 137:S25-S34. [PMID: 38184323 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular outcomes trials of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have demonstrated consistent signals of benefit in terms of both prevention and treatment of heart failure (HF), in patients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). In response to growing evidence of the benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors, including increased survival, reduced hospitalizations and improved patient-reported symptoms, functional status, and quality of life, the treatment landscape for HF has evolved. Importantly, these agents have also demonstrated safety and tolerability in individuals with HF across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction, with improvements in clinical and patient-reported outcomes occurring as early as days to weeks after treatment initiation. For patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), SGLT2 inhibitors are now increasingly recognized as foundational disease-modifying therapy. An updated joint guideline from the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association now recommends including SGLT2 inhibitors for patients with HF across the spectrum of ejection fraction, irrespective of the presence of diabetes, and regardless of background therapy (Class 1 recommendation for HFrEF, Class 2a recommendation for HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction [HFmrEF] and HF with preserved ejection fraction [HFpEF]). The European Society of Cardiology also include a Class I recommendation to use SGLT2 inhibitors for patients with HFrEF to reduce the risk of hospitalization for HF and CV death, irrespective of T2D status. This chapter reviews published clinical trial data about the efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors among patients with HFrEF, HFpEF, and patients hospitalized for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Greene
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas; University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS.
| | - Mikhail N Kosiborod
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Mo; University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo
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Liang Z, Yang Y, Wang F, Liu J, Liu L, Mo Y, Wang M. Assessing the early prognosis of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction using left ventricular pressure-strain loop: a prospective randomized controlled clinical study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2024; 14:1957-1970. [PMID: 38415112 PMCID: PMC10895114 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Background The left ventricular pressure-strain loop (LV-PSL) technique, which is noninvasive and independent of pressure load, is more sensitive than is left ventricular speckle tracking imaging in detecting subtle changes in myocardial function. This study evaluated the improvement in cardiac function after application of LV-PSL in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) after acute myocardial infarction (MI) treated with sacubitril/valsartan plus dapagliflozin as compared to treatment with sacubitril/valsartan monotherapy. Methods This prospective, multicenter, open-label study recruited 60 MI survivors with HFrEF between March 2021 and June 2022. The patients were randomly assigned in 1:1 groups, as stratified by center. Patients were randomly categorized into either an observation group [n=30; conventional treatment + 100 mg (49/51 mg) of sacubitril/valsartan, + 10 mg of dapagliflozin] or a control group [n=30; conventional treatment + 100 mg (49/51 mg) of sacubitril/valsartan]. Patients were assessed at three time points: 1 month after discharge (T1), 3 months after discharge (T3), and 6 months after discharge (T6). Two-dimensional ultrasound images were routinely collected, two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging was applied to calculate the left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) rate for both groups, and LV-PSL analysis was used for the assessment of myocardial work, including global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work, and global work efficiency. The results at the three follow-up visits were compared with the predischarge results (baseline, T0). Results Compared with the values at T0, the LV-GLS and left ventricular myocardial work index (LVMWI) values increased in both the observation and control groups at T1, T3, and T6, with GWI and GCW showing significantly greater improvement in the observation group at T6 (GWI: 1,204±336 vs. 987±417 mmHg%, P=0.03; GCW: 1,401±348 vs. 1,206±356 mmHg%, P=0.04). Survival analysis revealed that the overall incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P=0.03). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis including GCW, GWI, GLS, and left ventricular eject fraction (LVEF), GCW emerged as the only independent predictor of occurrence of MACEs (odds ratio =1.08; 95% CI: 0.63-0.93; P<0.001). Conclusions Sacubitril/valsartan and dapagliflozin combination therapy led to a moderate improvement of cardiac function in patients with post-MI heart failure (P-MI-HF) compared to treatment with sacubitril/valsartan alone. Moreover, LV-PSL analysis can be used to assess the early prognosis of patients with P-MI-HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Lujiang County People's Hospital, Lujiang, China
| | - Yaoyao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Pukou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Pukou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Pukou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfei Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Pukou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Lee YB, Kim H, Lee J, Kang D, Kim G, Jin SM, Kim JH, Jeon HJ, Hur KY. Bipolar disorder and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, heart failure, and all-cause mortality: a population-based matched cohort study in South Korea. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1932. [PMID: 38253603 PMCID: PMC10803345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The association of bipolar disorder (BD) with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases and premature death in Asians needs to be further determined. Relatively less attention has been paid to heart failure (HF) among cardiometabolic outcomes. We analyzed the Korean National Health Insurance Service database (2002-2018) for this population-based, matched cohort study. The hazards of ischemic stroke, ischemic heart disease (IHD), hospitalization for HF (hHF), composite cardiometabolic diseases, and all-cause mortality during follow-up were compared between individuals with BD (n = 11,329) and 1:1-matched controls without psychiatric disorders among adults without cardiometabolic disease before or within 3 months of baseline. Hazards of outcomes were higher in individuals with BD than in matched controls (adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals]: 1.971 [1.414-2.746] for ischemic stroke, 1.553 [1.401-1.721] for IHD, 2.526 [1.788-3.567] for hHF, 1.939 [1.860-2.022] for composite cardiometabolic diseases, and 2.175 [1.875-2.523] for all-cause mortality) during follow-up. Associations between BD and outcome hazards were more prominent in younger individuals (p for interaction < 0.02, except for ischemic stroke) and women (p for interaction < 0.04, except for hHF). Screening and preventive measures for cardiometabolic deterioration and early mortality may need to be intensified in individuals with BD, even in young adults, especially women.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Bin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkuk Lee
- Data Science Team, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Kang
- Data Science Team, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuri Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Man Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu Yeon Hur
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
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Chen J, Jiang C, Guo M, Zeng Y, Jiang Z, Zhang D, Tu M, Tan X, Yan P, Xu X, Long Y, Xu Y. Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiac function and health status in chronic heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:2. [PMID: 38172861 PMCID: PMC10765651 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Numerous clinical studies have explored sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and SGLT2i were proved to significantly reduce CHF hospitalization, cardiovascular death, cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction in patients with or without T2DM. However, only a limited few have investigated the effects of SGLT-2i on HF disease-specific health status and cardiac function. This meta-analysis aims to assess the effects of SGLT2i on disease-specific health status and cardiac function in CHF patients. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted of trials by searching in PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science, and two Chinese databases (CNKI and Wanfang), Clinical Trials ( http://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov ) were also searched. RESULTS A total of 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 23,953 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The effects of SGLT2 inhibitors were compared with control or placebo groups in CHF with or without T2DM. The SGLT2 inhibitors group exhibited a significant reduction in pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels by 136.03 pg/ml (95% confidence interval [CI]: -253.36, - 18.70; P = 0.02). Additionally, a greater proportion of patients in the SGLT2 inhibitors group showed a ≥ 20% decrease in NT-proBNP (RR = 1.45, 95% CI [0.92, 2.29], p = 0.072). However, no statistically significant difference was observed for the effects on B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). The use of SGLT-2 inhibitors led to a noteworthy improvement in LVEF by 2.79% (95% CI [0.18, 5.39];P = 0.036). In terms of health status, as assessed by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) and 6-minute walk distance, SGLT2 inhibitors led to a significant improvement in KCCQ clinical summary (KCCQ-CS) score (WMD = 1.7, 95% CI [1.67, 1.73], P < 0.00001), KCCQ overall summary (KCCQ-OS) score (WMD = 1.73, 95% CI [0.94, 2.52], P < 0.00001), and KCCQ total symptom (KCCQ-TS) score (WMD = 2.88, 95% CI [1.7, 4.06], P < 0.00001). Furthermore, the occurrence of KCCQ-CS and KCCQ-OS score increases ≥ 5 points had relative risks (RR) of 1.25 (95% CI [1.11, 1.42], P < 0.00001) and 1.15 (95% CI [1.09, 1.22], P < 0.00001), respectively. Overall, SGLT2 inhibitors increased the 6-minute walk distance by 23.98 m (95% CI [8.34, 39.62]; P = 0.003) compared to control/placebo from baseline. CONCLUSIONS The SGLT2 inhibitors treatment offers an effective strategy for improving NT-proBNP levels, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores and 6-minute walk distance in CHF with or without T2DM. These findings indicate that SGLT2i improve cardiac function and health status in CHF with or without T2DM, and provide valuable guidance for clinicians making treatment decisions for patients with CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Man Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Zongzhe Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Dongmin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengqin Tu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Pijun Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - XunMei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yang Long
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.
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Emara AN, Wadie M, Mansour NO, Shams MEE. The clinical outcomes of dapagliflozin in patients with acute heart failure: A randomized controlled trial (DAPA-RESPONSE-AHF). Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 961:176179. [PMID: 37923161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Dapagliflozin may confer additional decongestive and natriuretic benefits to patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Nonetheless, this hypothesis was not clinically examined. This study aimed primarily to investigate the effect of dapagliflozin on symptomatic relief in those patients. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind study that included 87 patients with AHF presenting with dyspnea. Within 24 h of admission, patients were randomized to receive either dapagliflozin (10 mg/day, N = 45) or placebo (N = 42) for 30 days. The primary outcome was the difference between the two groups in the area under the curve (AUC) of visual analogue scale (VAS) dyspnea score over the first 4 days. Secondary endpoints included urinary sodium (Na) after 2 h of randomization, percent change in NT-proBNP, cumulative urine output (UOP), and differences in mortality and hospital readmission rates. RESULTS The results showed that dapagliflozin significantly reduced the AUC of VAS dyspnea score compared to placebo (3192.2 ± 1631.9 mm × h vs 4713.1 ± 1714.9 mm × h, P < 0.001). The relative change of NT-proBNP compared to its baseline was also larger with dapagliflozin (-34.89% vs -10.085%, P = 0.001). Additionally, higher cumulative UOP was found at day 4 (18600 ml in dapagliflozin vs 13700 in placebo, P = 0.031). Dapagliflozin decreased rehospitalization rates within 30 days after discharge, while it did not affect the spot urinary Na concentration, incidence of worsening of heart failure, or mortality rates. CONCLUSION Dapagliflozin may provide symptomatic relief and improve diuresis in patients with AHF. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05406505.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman N Emara
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Moheb Wadie
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Noha O Mansour
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt; Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura National University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed E E Shams
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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15
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Su S, Ji X, Li T, Teng Y, Wang B, Han X, Zhao M. The changes of cardiac energy metabolism with sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor therapy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1291450. [PMID: 38124893 PMCID: PMC10731052 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1291450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aims To investigate the specific effects of s odium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) on cardiac energy metabolism. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in eight databases. The retrieved studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and relevant information was extracted according to the purpose of the study. Two researchers independently screened the studies, extracted information, and assessed article quality. Results The results of the 34 included studies (including 10 clinical and 24 animal studies) showed that SGLT2i inhibited cardiac glucose uptake and glycolysis, but promoted fatty acid (FA) metabolism in most disease states. SGLT2i upregulated ketone metabolism, improved the structure and functions of myocardial mitochondria, alleviated oxidative stress of cardiomyocytes in all literatures. SGLT2i increased cardiac glucose oxidation in diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiac FA metabolism in heart failure (HF). However, the regulatory effects of SGLT2i on cardiac FA metabolism in DM and cardiac glucose oxidation in HF varied with disease types, stages, and intervention duration of SGLT2i. Conclusion SGLT2i improved the efficiency of cardiac energy production by regulating FA, glucose and ketone metabolism, improving mitochondria structure and functions, and decreasing oxidative stress of cardiomyocytes under pathological conditions. Thus, SGLT2i is deemed to exert a benign regulatory effect on cardiac metabolic disorders in various diseases. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, PROSPERO (CRD42023484295).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Su
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Teng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baofu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowan Han
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Niknejad A, Hosseini Y, Shamsnia HS, Kashani AS, Rostamian F, Momtaz S, Abdolghaffari AH. Sodium Glucose Transporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2Is)-TLRs Axis Modulates Diabetes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:599-613. [PMID: 37658280 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide and is mainly associated with impaired insulin function. To date, various oral anti-diabetic drugs have been developed, of which, the sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) are of the most recent classes that have been introduced. They differ from other classes in terms of their novel mechanism of actions and unique beneficial effects rather than just lowering glucose levels. SGLT2Is can protect body against cardiovascular events and kidney diseases even in non-diabetic individuals. SGLT2Is participate in immune cell activation, oxidative stress reduction, and inflammation mediation, thereby, moderating diabetic complications. In addition, toll like receptors (TLRs) are the intermediators of the immune system and inflammatory process, thus it's believed to play crucial roles in diabetic complications, particularly the ones that are related to inflammatory reactions. SGLT2Is are also effective against diabetic complications via their anti-inflammatory and oxidative properties. Given the anti-inflammatory properties of TLRs and SGLT2Is, this review investigates how SGLT2Is can affect the TLR pathway, and whether this could be favorable toward diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Niknejad
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasamin Hosseini
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedieh Sadat Shamsnia
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayeh Sabbagh Kashani
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rostamian
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Kerwagen F, Riemer U, Wachter R, von Haehling S, Abdin A, Böhm M, Schulz M, Störk S. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on implementation of novel guideline-directed medical therapies for heart failure in Germany: a nationwide retrospective analysis. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2023; 35:100778. [PMID: 38023333 PMCID: PMC10652117 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is the cornerstone in the treatment of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and novel substances such as sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated marked clinical benefits. We investigated their implementation into real-world HF care in Germany before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods The IQVIA LRx data set is based on ∼80% of 73 million people covered by the German statutory health insurance. Prescriptions of S/V were used as a proxy for HFrEF. Time trends were analysed between Q1/2016 and Q2/2023 for prescriptions for S/V alone and in combination therapy with SGLT2i. Findings The number of patients treated with S/V increased from 5260 in Q1/2016 to 351,262 in Q2/2023. The share of patients with combination therapy grew from 0.6% (29 of 5260) to 14.2% (31,128 of 219,762) in Q2/2021, and then showed a steep surge up to 54.8% (192,429 of 351,262) in Q2/2023, coinciding with the release of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for HF in Q3/2021. Women and patients aged >80 years were treated less often with combined therapy than men and younger patients. With the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients with new S/V prescriptions dropped by 17.5% within one quarter, i.e., from 26,855 in Q1/2020 to 22,145 in Q2/2020, and returned to pre-pandemic levels only in Q1/2021. Interpretation The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a 12-month deceleration of S/V uptake in Germany. Following the release of the ESC HF guidelines, the combined prescription of S/V and SGLT2i was readily adopted. Further efforts are needed to fully implement GDMT and strengthen the resilience of healthcare systems during public health crises. Funding Supported by Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nuremberg, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kerwagen
- Department of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Riemer
- Medical Department, Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Wachter
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amr Abdin
- Department of Internal Medicine Clinic III, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine Clinic III, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Martin Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Institute for Drug Use Evaluation (DAPI), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Störk
- Department of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
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Mulugeta H, Sinclair PM, Wilson A. Health-related quality of life and its influencing factors among people with heart failure in Ethiopia: using the revised Wilson and Cleary model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20241. [PMID: 37981652 PMCID: PMC10658178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a challenging public health problem associated with poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Data on the quality of life of people with heart failure are limited in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the HRQoL and its influencing factors in people with heart failure in Ethiopia. A hospital-based, cross-sectional study design was conducted in the cardiac outpatient clinics of two tertiary-level hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were collected from people with heart failure who met the inclusion criteria using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The HRQoL was measured using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). A multiple linear regression model was fitted to identify factors that influenced HRQoL. All statistical analyses were conducted using STATA version 17 software. A total of 383 people with heart failure participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 55 years. The MLHFQ score was 48.03±19.73, and 54% of participants had poor HRQoL. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age (β= 0.12, 95% CI 0.11, 0.28), diabetes mellitus comorbidity (β= 4.47, 95% CI 1.41, 7.54), social support score (β= - 1.48, 95% CI - 1.93, - 1.03), and depression score (β = 1.74, 95% CI 1.52, 1.96) were significant factors influencing overall HRQoL (p < 0.05). This study found that people in Ethiopia with heart failure had poor HRQoL, influenced by several factors. The findings can help health professionals identify appropriate interventions to improve the HRQoL of people with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henok Mulugeta
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Peter M Sinclair
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda Wilson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Bakbak E, Verma S, Krishnaraj A, Quan A, Wang CH, Pan Y, Puar P, Mason T, Verma R, Terenzi DC, Rotstein OD, Yan AT, Connelly KA, Teoh H, Mazer CD, Hess DA. Empagliflozin improves circulating vascular regenerative cell content in people without diabetes with risk factors for adverse cardiac remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1210-H1222. [PMID: 37773589 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00141.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Sodium glucose-cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been reported to reduce cardiovascular events and heart failure in people with and without diabetes. These medications have been shown to counter regenerative cell exhaustion in the context of prevalent diabetes. This study sought to determine if empagliflozin attenuates regenerative cell exhaustion in people without diabetes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected at the baseline and 6-mo visits from individuals randomized to receive empagliflozin (10 mg/day) or placebo who were participating in the EMPA-HEART 2 CardioLink-7 trial. Precursor cell phenotypes were characterized by flow cytometry for cell-surface markers combined with high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity to identify precursor cell subsets with progenitor (ALDHhi) versus mature effector (ALDHlow) cell attributes. Samples from individuals assigned to empagliflozin (n = 25) and placebo (n = 21) were analyzed. At baseline, overall frequencies of primitive progenitor cells (ALDHhiSSClow), monocyte (ALDHhiSSCmid), and granulocyte (ALDHhiSSChi) precursor cells in both groups were similar. At 6 mo, participants randomized to empagliflozin demonstrated increased ALDHhiSSClowCD133+CD34+ proangiogenic cells (P = 0.048), elevated ALDHhiSSCmidCD163+ regenerative monocyte precursors (P = 0.012), and decreased ALDHhiSSCmidCD86 + CD163- proinflammatory monocyte (P = 0.011) polarization compared with placebo. Empagliflozin promoted the recovery of multiple circulating provascular cell subsets in people without diabetes suggesting that the cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors may be attributed in part to the attenuation of vascular regenerative cell exhaustion that is independent of diabetes status.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity-based flow cytometry assay, we found that empagliflozin treatment for 6 mo was associated with parallel increases in circulating vascular regenerative ALDHhi-CD34/CD133-coexpressing progenitors and decreased proinflammatory ALDHhi-CD14/CD86-coexpressing monocyte precursors in individuals without diabetes but with cardiovascular risk factors. The rejuvenation of the vascular regenerative cell reservoir may represent a mechanism via which sodium glucose-cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors limit maladaptive repair and delay the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Bakbak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aishwarya Krishnaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chao-Hung Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Failure Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi Pan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tamique Mason
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raj Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Ori D Rotstein
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Escobar C, Pascual-Figal D, Manzano L, Nuñez J, Camafort M. Current Role of SLGT2 Inhibitors in the Management of the Whole Spectrum of Heart Failure: Focus on Dapagliflozin. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6798. [PMID: 37959263 PMCID: PMC10649290 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is associated with a high morbidity and mortality burden. In light of more recent evidence, SGLT2 inhibitors are currently recommended as first-line therapy in managing patients with HF, regardless of ejection fraction, to reduce HF burden. The DAPA-HF and DELIVER trials, and particularly, the pooled analysis of both studies, have shown that dapagliflozin significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular death, all-cause death, total HF hospitalizations, and MACE in the whole spectrum of HF, with sustained benefits over time. Recent data have shown that the full implementation of dapagliflozin in clinical practice would translate into a robust reduction in hospitalizations for HF and death in real-life populations. Many pathophysiological mechanisms have been involved in these benefits, particularly the positive effects of dapagliflozin on reversing cardiac (atrial and ventricular) remodeling, reducing cardiac fibrosis and inflammation, and improving endothelial dysfunction. In this manuscript, we reviewed from a practical point of view the role of dapagliflozin in the management of the whole spectrum of patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Escobar
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo Pascual-Figal
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
- Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Centre (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Manzano
- Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Alcala de Henares University, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Julio Nuñez
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Clínico of Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- CIBER Cardiovascular, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Camafort
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER OBN, ISCIII (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28222 Madrid, Spain
- Working Group of Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition, and Aging, IDIBAPS (Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Kawakami R, Matsui H, Matsui M, Iso T, Yokoyama T, Ishii H, Kurabayashi M. Empagliflozin induces the transcriptional program for nutrient homeostasis in skeletal muscle in normal mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18025. [PMID: 37865720 PMCID: PMC10590450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) improve heart failure (HF) outcomes across a range of patient characteristics. A hypothesis that SGLT2i induce metabolic change similar to fasting has recently been proposed to explain their profound clinical benefits. However, it remains unclear whether SGLT2i primarily induce this change in physiological settings. Here, we demonstrate that empagliflozin administration under ad libitum feeding did not cause weight loss but did increase transcripts of the key nutrient sensors, AMP-activated protein kinase and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, and the master regulator of mitochondrial gene expression, PGC-1α, in quadriceps muscle in healthy mice. Expression of these genes correlated with that of PPARα and PPARδ target genes related to mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress response, and also correlated with serum ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate. These results were not observed in the heart. Collectively, this study revealed that empagliflozin activates transcriptional programs critical for sensing and adaptation to nutrient availability intrinsic to skeletal muscle rather than the heart even in normocaloric condition. As activation of PGC-1α is sufficient for metabolic switch from fatigable, glycolytic metabolism toward fatigue-resistant, oxidative mechanism in skeletal muscle myofibers, our findings may partly explain the improvement of exercise tolerance in patients with HF receiving empagliflozin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kawakami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Miki Matsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokoyama
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
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22
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Barreto J, Martins M, Pascoa M, Medorima STK, Bonilha I, Jesus DC, Carbonara CEM, Quadros KRS, Assato B, Campos-Staffico AM, Júnior GG, Nadruz W, de Oliveira RB, Sposito AC. Dapagliflozin cardiovascular effects on end-stage kidney disease (DARE-ESKD-2) trial: rationale and design. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3434207. [PMID: 37886458 PMCID: PMC10602138 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3434207/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) remarkably reduced the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure and cardiovascular death of conservatively managed chronic kidney disease. We hypothesized that adding SGLT2i to standard treatment would yield cardiovascular benefits also in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) individuals on dialysis. Methods The DARE-ESKD-2 Trial (NCT05685394) is an ongoing, single-center, open-label, controlled trial aimed at assessing the cardiovascular effects of dapagliflozin in ESKD on dialysis. Eligible patients are adults on renal replacement therapy for more than 3 prior to enrollment. Exclusion criteria encompass pregnancy, liver failure, and current use of a SGLT2i. After signing an informed consent form, participants are randomized 1:1 to either dapagliflozin 10mg PO plus standard treatment or standard treatment alone for 6 months. Echocardiogram, anthropometry, blood sample collection, 6-min walk test, gait speed, and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), are performed at baseline and at study termination. Participants are contacted monthly during treatment for outcomes disclosure. The primary endpoint of our study is the between-groups differences in posttreatment changes in plasma levels of N-terminal pro-B natriuretic peptide. Secondary endpoints include the differences between groups in the changes of echocardiography measurements, cardiopulmonary tests performance, body composition. The incidence of safety endpoints will also be diligently compared between study arms. Conclusion The DARE-ESKD-2 trial will provide unprecedented data on the cardiovascular safety and efficacy of SGLT2i in ESKD individuals on dialysis. This study will pave the grounds for improving clinical outcomes of dialysis recipients.
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23
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Marx N, Federici M, Schütt K, Müller-Wieland D, Ajjan RA, Antunes MJ, Christodorescu RM, Crawford C, Di Angelantonio E, Eliasson B, Espinola-Klein C, Fauchier L, Halle M, Herrington WG, Kautzky-Willer A, Lambrinou E, Lesiak M, Lettino M, McGuire DK, Mullens W, Rocca B, Sattar N. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:4043-4140. [PMID: 37622663 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
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24
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Major K, Bodys-Pełka A, Grabowski M, Lelonek M. Quality of life in heart failure: New data, new drugs and devices. Cardiol J 2023; 31:156-167. [PMID: 37822076 PMCID: PMC10919569 DOI: 10.5603/cj.92243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Quality of life (QoL) is a therapeutic goal in heart failure. There are many EBM therapies for improving QoL. In this study, data is presented on new pharmacotherapies and devices that impact QoL in the heart failure population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Major
- Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Bodys-Pełka
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Grabowski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lelonek
- Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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25
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Butt JH, Docherty KF, Kosiborod MN, Inzucchi SE, Køber L, Langkilde AM, Martinez FA, Bengtsson O, Ponikowski P, Sabatine MS, Sjöstrand M, Solomon S, Jhund PS, McMurray JJV. Dapagliflozin and Physical and Social Activity Limitations in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. JACC Heart Fail 2023; 11:1411-1423. [PMID: 37318419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is associated with impaired physical function and poor quality of life and affects health status more profoundly than many other chronic diseases. OBJECTIVES The authors examined the effects of dapagliflozin on specific physical and social limitations as reported by patients in the DAPA-HF (Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse-outcomes in Heart Failure) trial. METHODS The effect of dapagliflozin on the change from baseline to 8 months in each of the individual physical and social activity limitation questions answered by patients completing the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), and overall scores, were examined with mixed-effects models and responder analyses. RESULTS In total, 4,269 (90.0%) and 3,955 (83.4%) patients had complete data for both the physical and social activity limitation scores at baseline and 8 months, respectively. Compared with placebo, dapagliflozin significantly increased (improved) the mean KCCQ physical and social activity limitation scores at 8 months (placebo-corrected mean difference 1.94 [95% CI: 0.73-3.16] and 1.84 [95% CI: 0.43-3.25], respectively). Dapagliflozin also increased each of the individual components that comprise the physical and social activity limitations domains at 8 months, with the largest improvement seen in "hobbies or recreational activities" (placebo-corrected mean difference: 2.76 [95% CI: 1.06-4.46]) and "doing yardwork, housework, or carrying groceries" (placebo-corrected mean difference: 2.59 [95% CI: 0.76-4.42]). The proportion of patients with a 5-point improvement from baseline to 8 months in the KCCQ physical and social activity limitation scores was greater with dapagliflozin than with placebo (ORs: 1.23 [95% CI: 1.09-1.40] and 1.19 [95% CI: 1.05-1.35], respectively). CONCLUSIONS In patients with HFrEF, dapagliflozin, compared with placebo, improved physical and social activity limitations as measured by KCCQ. (Study to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin on the Incidence of Worsening Heart Failure or Cardiovascular Death in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure [DAPA-HF]; NCT03036124).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad H Butt
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kieran F Docherty
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mikhail N Kosiborod
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Silvio E Inzucchi
- Section of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Maria Langkilde
- Late Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Olof Bengtsson
- Late Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Center for Heart Diseases, University Hospital, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marc S Sabatine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mikaela Sjöstrand
- Late Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Scott Solomon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pardeep S Jhund
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John J V McMurray
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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26
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Sears SF, Khant K, Nekkanti R. Broad Quality of Life Effects for Specific Medications: Feeling Better and Doing More? JACC Heart Fail 2023; 11:1424-1426. [PMID: 37565974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel F Sears
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Kyaw Khant
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rajasekhar Nekkanti
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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27
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Lam CSP, Docherty KF, Ho JE, McMurray JJV, Myhre PL, Omland T. Recent successes in heart failure treatment. Nat Med 2023; 29:2424-2437. [PMID: 37814060 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Remarkable recent advances have revolutionized the field of heart failure. Survival has improved among individuals with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction and for the first time, new therapies have been shown to improve outcomes across the entire ejection fraction spectrum of heart failure. Great strides have been taken in the treatment of specific cardiomyopathies such as cardiac amyloidosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, whereby conditions once considered incurable can now be effectively managed with novel genetic and molecular approaches. Yet there remain substantial residual unmet needs in heart failure. The translation of successful clinical trials to improved patient outcomes is limited by large gaps in implementation of care, widespread lack of disease awareness and poor understanding of the socioeconomic determinants of outcomes and how to address disparities. Ongoing clinical trials, advances in phenotype segmentation for precision medicine and the rise in technology solutions all offer hope for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn S P Lam
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Kieran F Docherty
- University of Glasgow, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer E Ho
- CardioVascular Institute and Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John J V McMurray
- University of Glasgow, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peder L Myhre
- Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Omland
- Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Iacoviello M, Marini M, Gori M, Orso F, Gonzini L, Gorini M, Fenici P, Maggioni AP. DAPA-HF applicability: the point of view of a cardiology setting. Acta Cardiol 2023; 78:840-845. [PMID: 37605991 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2023.2243130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Randomised clinical trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses have shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i) reduce the risk of hospitalisation for heart failure (HF), chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, and mortality in patients with HF, irrespective of the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, real-world epidemiology may differ from clinical trial populations, thereby limiting generalisability and delaying the introduction of novel treatments in clinical practice.The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of DAPA-HF (Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure) inclusion criteria in a population of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients enrolled in the Italian Network on Heart Failure (IN-HF) registry.Overall, 3415 IN-HF patients matched the 4744 patients in DAPA-HF, overlapping for most baseline characteristics (e.g. similar average ejection fraction), with a slightly lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes and of HF ischaemic aetiology and a higher percentage of NYHA class II patients. The theoretical eligibility to DAPA-HF in a cardiology setting resulted to be 73%.The availability of an easily accessible database from a large nationwide prospective registry allows to provide insights to clinicians and policy makers on the applicability of the DAPA HF findings to a contemporary population of HFrEF patients followed by cardiologists. It is reasonable to assume that the results of this analysis can be applicable to the entire SGLT2-ir class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Iacoviello
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marco Marini
- Cardiovascular Sciences Cardiology Department, Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Gori
- Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Francesco Orso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence and Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucio Gonzini
- ANMCO Research Center, Heart Care Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Gorini
- ANMCO Research Center, Heart Care Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | - Peter Fenici
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, School of Medicine and Surgery, Rome, Italy
- Biomagnetism and Clinical Physiology International Center (BACPIC), Rome, Italy
- Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca S.p.A, Milan, Italy
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Nanayakkara S, Kaye DM. No longer from pillar to post: The first effective step in treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:1632-1634. [PMID: 37608627 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - David M Kaye
- The Alfred, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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30
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Virani SS, Newby LK, Arnold SV, Bittner V, Brewer LC, Demeter SH, Dixon DL, Fearon WF, Hess B, Johnson HM, Kazi DS, Kolte D, Kumbhani DJ, LoFaso J, Mahtta D, Mark DB, Minissian M, Navar AM, Patel AR, Piano MR, Rodriguez F, Talbot AW, Taqueti VR, Thomas RJ, van Diepen S, Wiggins B, Williams MS. 2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 82:833-955. [PMID: 37480922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM The "2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease" provides an update to and consolidates new evidence since the "2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease" and the corresponding "2014 ACC/AHA/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Focused Update of the Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease." METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from September 2021 to May 2022. Clinical studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and other evidence conducted on human participants were identified that were published in English from MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline. STRUCTURE This guideline provides an evidenced-based and patient-centered approach to management of patients with chronic coronary disease, considering social determinants of health and incorporating the principles of shared decision-making and team-based care. Relevant topics include general approaches to treatment decisions, guideline-directed management and therapy to reduce symptoms and future cardiovascular events, decision-making pertaining to revascularization in patients with chronic coronary disease, recommendations for management in special populations, patient follow-up and monitoring, evidence gaps, and areas in need of future research. Where applicable, and based on availability of cost-effectiveness data, cost-value recommendations are also provided for clinicians. Many recommendations from previously published guidelines have been updated with new evidence, and new recommendations have been created when supported by published data.
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31
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Virani SS, Newby LK, Arnold SV, Bittner V, Brewer LC, Demeter SH, Dixon DL, Fearon WF, Hess B, Johnson HM, Kazi DS, Kolte D, Kumbhani DJ, LoFaso J, Mahtta D, Mark DB, Minissian M, Navar AM, Patel AR, Piano MR, Rodriguez F, Talbot AW, Taqueti VR, Thomas RJ, van Diepen S, Wiggins B, Williams MS. 2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2023; 148:e9-e119. [PMID: 37471501 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM The "2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease" provides an update to and consolidates new evidence since the "2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease" and the corresponding "2014 ACC/AHA/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Focused Update of the Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease." METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from September 2021 to May 2022. Clinical studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and other evidence conducted on human participants were identified that were published in English from MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline. STRUCTURE This guideline provides an evidenced-based and patient-centered approach to management of patients with chronic coronary disease, considering social determinants of health and incorporating the principles of shared decision-making and team-based care. Relevant topics include general approaches to treatment decisions, guideline-directed management and therapy to reduce symptoms and future cardiovascular events, decision-making pertaining to revascularization in patients with chronic coronary disease, recommendations for management in special populations, patient follow-up and monitoring, evidence gaps, and areas in need of future research. Where applicable, and based on availability of cost-effectiveness data, cost-value recommendations are also provided for clinicians. Many recommendations from previously published guidelines have been updated with new evidence, and new recommendations have been created when supported by published data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dave L Dixon
- Former Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guideline member; current member during the writing effort
| | - William F Fearon
- Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions representative
| | | | | | | | - Dhaval Kolte
- AHA/ACC Joint Committee on Clinical Data Standards
| | | | | | | | - Daniel B Mark
- Former Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guideline member; current member during the writing effort
| | | | | | | | - Mariann R Piano
- Former Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guideline member; current member during the writing effort
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32
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Yu S, Wei D, Shi N. Comprehensive nursing intervention improves quality of life and reduces hospitalization time and expense in elderly patients with severe heart failure undergoing rh-BNP treatment. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:5239-5248. [PMID: 37692925 PMCID: PMC10492075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to explore the efficacy of comprehensive nursing intervention in elderly patients with severe heart failure (SHF) treated by recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rh-BNP). METHODS A retrospective analysis was made on 131 patients with SHF treated with rh-BNP in Wuhan Asia Cardiology Hospital from May 2019 to May 2022. Of them, 71 patients who received routine nursing care between May 2019 and December 2021 were assigned to the control group, and 60 patients who received comprehensive nursing between January 2022 and May 2022 were assigned to the observation group. The changes in quality of life (QoL) before and after nursing and the occurrence of adverse events after nursing were counted and compared between the two groups. The two groups were compared reagarding changes in anxiety and depression scores before and after nursing, as well as hospitalization expenses and hospitalization time. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of patients were determined. The nursing satisfaction of the two groups was evaluated. Additionally, logistic regression was carried out to analyze the risk factors for adverse events. RESULTS The control group had lower QoL scores than the observation group after nursing (P < 0.0001). The control group got significantly higher self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores than the observation group (P < 0.0001). The control group showed lower levels of LVEDV and LVEF than the observation group (P < 0.0001). The control group experienced greatly longer hospitalization time than the observation group, and also had a higher hospitalization expense than the observation group (P < 0.001). The observation group expressed much higher nursing satisfaction than the control group (P=0.007). Additionally, according to multivariate logistic regression analysis, age, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors for adverse events (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION For elderly SHF patients treated by rh-BNP, comprehensive nursing intervention can contribute to higher QoL, shorter hospitalization time, lower hospitalization expense, and milder negative emotions, but did not correlate with short-term adverse cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujun Yu
- CCU, Wuhan Asia Cardiology HospitalWuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Wei
- CCU, Wuhan Asia Cardiology HospitalWuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Nian Shi
- PICU, Wuhan Asia Cardiology HospitalWuhan, Hubei, China
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Frąk W, Hajdys J, Radzioch E, Szlagor M, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. Cardiovascular Diseases: Therapeutic Potential of SGLT-2 Inhibitors. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2085. [PMID: 37509724 PMCID: PMC10377079 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a global health concern, affecting millions of patients worldwide and being the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, thus creating a major public health concern. Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as a promising class of medications for managing CVD. Initially developed as antihyperglycemic agents for treating type 2 diabetes, these drugs have demonstrated significant cardiovascular benefits beyond glycemic control. In our paper, we discuss the role of empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, ertugliflozin, and the relatively recently approved bexagliflozin, the class of SGLT-2 inhibitors, as potential therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases. All mentioned SGLT-2 inhibitors have demonstrated significant cardiovascular benefits and renal protection in clinical trials, in patients with or without type 2 diabetes. These novel therapeutic approaches aim to develop more effective treatments that improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of these conditions. However, the major scientific achievements of recent years and the many new discoveries and mechanisms still require careful attention and additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Frąk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Żeromskiego 113, 90-549 Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Hajdys
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Żeromskiego 113, 90-549 Łódź, Poland
| | - Ewa Radzioch
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Żeromskiego 113, 90-549 Łódź, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szlagor
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Żeromskiego 113, 90-549 Łódź, Poland
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Żeromskiego 113, 90-549 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Żeromskiego 113, 90-549 Łódź, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Żeromskiego 113, 90-549 Łódź, Poland
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Zhang L, Ji R, He G, Tian A, Huo X, Zheng Y, Qi L, Mi Y, Yan X, Wang B, Lei L, Li J, Liu J, Li J. Individual Trajectories of Health Status During the First Year of Discharge From Hospitalization for Heart Failure and Their Associations With Death in the Following Years. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028782. [PMID: 37421271 PMCID: PMC10382098 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Improving health status is one of the major goals in the management of heart failure (HF). However, little is known about the long-term individual trajectories of health status in patients with acute HF after discharge. Methods and Results We enrolled 2328 patients hospitalized for HF from 51 hospitals prospectively and measured their health status via the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12 at admission and 1, 6, and 12 months after discharge, respectively. The median age of the patients included was 66 years, and 63.3% were men. Six patterns of Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12 trajectories were identified by a latent class trajectory model: persistently good (34.0%), rapidly improving (35.5%), slowly improving (10.4%), moderately regressing (7.4%), severely regressing (7.5%), and persistently poor (5.3%). Advanced age, decompensated chronic HF, HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction, HF with preserved ejection fraction, depression symptoms, cognitive impairment, and each additional HF rehospitalization within 1 year of discharge were associated with unfavorable health status (moderately regressing, severely regressing, and persistently poor) (P<0.05). Compared with the pattern of persistently good, slowly improving (hazard ratio [HR], 1.50 [95% CI, 1.06-2.12]), moderately regressing (HR, 1.92 [1.43-2.58]), severely regressing (HR, 2.26 [1.54-3.31]), and persistently poor (HR, 2.34 [1.55-3.53]) were associated with increased risks of all-cause death. Conclusions One-fifth of 1-year survivors after hospitalization for HF experienced unfavorable health status trajectories and had a substantially increased risk of death during the following years. Our findings help inform the understanding of disease progression from a patient perception perspective and its relationship with long-term survival. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; unique identifier: NCT02878811.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Cardiovascular Medications, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Runqing Ji
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Cardiovascular Medications, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Guangda He
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Cardiovascular Medications, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Aoxi Tian
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Cardiovascular Medications, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Xiqian Huo
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Cardiovascular Medications, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zheng
- First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Liwei Qi
- Xinmin People’s HospitalXinminPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Yafei Mi
- Department of CardiologyTaizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityLinhaiPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Yan
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Cardiovascular Medications, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Cardiovascular Medications, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Lubi Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Cardiovascular Medications, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Jingkuo Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Cardiovascular Medications, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Cardiovascular Medications, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Cardiovascular Medications, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China
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Jhund PS. Improving heart failure outcomes with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in different patient groups. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25 Suppl 3:26-32. [PMID: 37334518 PMCID: PMC10946463 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) were originally developed for the treatment of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes. Because of regulatory requirements to show the safety of this new class of drugs, a large randomized cardiovascular (CV) outcomes trial was completed but this showed that instead of having a neutral effect on heart failure (HF) outcomes, that these drugs could reduce HF outcomes in this population. Subsequent trials with SGLT-2is have shown that HF hospitalizations are reduced by 30% and CV death or HF hospitalization by 21% in patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings have extended to patients with HF with reduced and mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction in whom further HF hospitalizations are reduced by 28% and CV death or HF hospitalizations reduced by 23%, and that it is becoming a central therapy for the treatment of HF. Moreover, the benefit in patients with HF is observed regardless of the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes. Similarly, in patients with chronic kidney disease and albuminuria, with and without type 2 diabetes, the benefit of SGLT-2is is clearly seen with a 44% reduction in HF hospitalization and 25% reduction in CV death or HF hospitalization. These trials support the use of SGLT-2is in improving HF outcomes in a broad range of patients, from those with type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and those with pre-existing HF regardless of ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep S. Jhund
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic HealthUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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36
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Nassif ME, Windsor SL, Gosch K, Borlaug BA, Husain M, Inzucchi SE, Kitzman DW, McGuire DK, Pitt B, Scirica BM, Shah SJ, Umpierrez G, Austin BA, Lamba S, Khumri T, Sharma K, Kosiborod MN. Dapagliflozin Improves Heart Failure Symptoms and Physical Limitations Across the Full Range of Ejection Fraction: Pooled Patient-Level Analysis From DEFINE-HF and PRESERVED-HF Trials. Circ Heart Fail 2023; 16:e009837. [PMID: 37203441 PMCID: PMC10348645 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.122.009837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with heart failure (HF) have a high burden of symptoms and physical limitations, regardless of ejection fraction (EF). Whether the benefits of SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2) inhibitors on these outcomes vary across the full range of EF remains unclear. METHODS Patient-level data were pooled from the DEFINE-HF trial (Dapagliflozin Effects on Biomarkers, Symptoms, and Functional Status in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction) of 263 participants with reduced EF (≤40%), and PRESERVED-HF trial (Effects of Dapagliflozin on Biomarkers, Symptoms and Functional Status in Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure) of 324 participants with preserved EF (≥45%). Both were randomized, double-blind 12-week trials of dapagliflozin versus placebo, recruiting participants with New York Heart Association class II or higher and elevated natriuretic peptides. The effect of dapagliflozin on the change in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) Clinical Summary Score (CSS) at 12 weeks was tested with ANCOVA adjusted for sex, baseline KCCQ, EF, atrial fibrillation, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and type 2 diabetes. Interaction of dapagliflozin effects on KCCQ-CSS by EF was assessed using EF both categorically and continuously with restricted cubic spline. Responder analyses, examining proportions of patients with deterioration, and clinically meaningful improvements in KCCQ-CSS were conducted using logistic regression. RESULTS Of 587 patients randomized (293 dapagliflozin, 294 placebo), EF was ≤40, >40-≤60, and >60% in 262 (45%), 199 (34%), and 126 (21%), respectively. Dapagliflozin improved KCCQ-CSS at 12 weeks (placebo-adjusted difference 5.0 points [95% CI, 2.6-7.5]; P<0.001). This was consistent in participants with EF≤40 (4.6 points [95% CI, 1.0-8.1]; P=0.01), >40 to ≤60 (4.9 points [95% CI, 0.8-9.0]; P=0.02) and >60% (6.8 points [95% CI, 1.5-12.1]; P=0.01; Pinteraction=0.79). Benefits of dapagliflozin on KCCQ-CSS were also consistent when analyzing EF continuously (Pinteraction=0.94). In responder analyses, fewer dapagliflozin-treated patients had deterioration and more had small, moderate, and large KCCQ-CSS improvements versus placebo; these results were also consistent regardless of EF (all Pinteractionvalues nonsignificant). CONCLUSIONS In patients with HF, dapagliflozin significantly improves symptoms and physical limitations after 12 weeks of treatment, with consistent and clinically meaningful benefits across the full range of EF. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov; Unique identifiers: NCT02653482 and NCT03030235.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Nassif
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (M.E.N., S.L.W., K.G., B.A.A., T.K., M.N.K.)
- University of Missouri-Kansas City (M.E.N., B.A.A., T.K., M.N.K.)
| | - Sheryl L. Windsor
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (M.E.N., S.L.W., K.G., B.A.A., T.K., M.N.K.)
| | - Kensey Gosch
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (M.E.N., S.L.W., K.G., B.A.A., T.K., M.N.K.)
| | - Barry A. Borlaug
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (M.E.N., S.L.W., K.G., B.A.A., T.K., M.N.K.)
- University of Missouri-Kansas City (M.E.N., B.A.A., T.K., M.N.K.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (B.A.B.)
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (M.H.)
| | | | - Dalane W. Kitzman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sections on Cardiovascular Medicine and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.)
| | - Darren K. McGuire
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas (D.K.M.)
| | - Bertram Pitt
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (B.P.)
| | - Benjamin M. Scirica
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (B.M.S.)
| | - Sanjiv J. Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.)
| | | | - Bethany A. Austin
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (M.E.N., S.L.W., K.G., B.A.A., T.K., M.N.K.)
| | - Sumant Lamba
- First Coast Cardiovascular Institute, Jacksonville, FL (S.L.)
| | - Taiyeb Khumri
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (M.E.N., S.L.W., K.G., B.A.A., T.K., M.N.K.)
- University of Missouri-Kansas City (M.E.N., B.A.A., T.K., M.N.K.)
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (K.S.)
| | - Mikhail N. Kosiborod
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (M.E.N., S.L.W., K.G., B.A.A., T.K., M.N.K.)
- University of Missouri-Kansas City (M.E.N., B.A.A., T.K., M.N.K.)
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Ong SC, Low JZ, Linden S. Cost-effectiveness of adding empagliflozin to the standard of care for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction from the perspective of healthcare system in Malaysia. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1195124. [PMID: 37342587 PMCID: PMC10277687 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1195124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of adding empagliflozin to the standard of care versus SoC alone for the treatment of patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) from the perspective of the Ministry of Health of Malaysia. Methods: A cohort-based transition-state model, with health states defined as Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score (KCCQ-CSS) quartiles and death, was used to determine the lifetime direct medical costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for both treatment groups. The risks of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and health state utilities were estimated from the EMPEROR-Reduced trial. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was assessed against the cost-effectiveness threshold (CET) as defined by the country's gross domestic product per capita (RM 47,439 per QALY) to determine cost-effectiveness. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the key model parameters' uncertainty in respect to the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. A scenario analysis was performed using health states as defined by the New York Heart Association classes. Results: Compared to SoC alone, empagliflozin + SoC for the treatment of HFrEF was more expensive (RM 25,333 vs. RM 21,675) but gained more health utilities (3.64 vs. 3.46), resulting in an ICER of RM 20,400 per QALY in the KCCQ-CSS model. A NYHA-based scenario analysis generated an ICER of RM 36,682 per QALY. A deterministic sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the model in identifying the empagliflozin cost as the main driver of cost-effectiveness. The ICER was reduced to RM 6,621 when the government medication purchasing prices were used. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis with a CET of 1xGDP per capita reached 72.9% probability for empagliflozin + SoC against SoC being cost-effective. Conclusion: Empagliflozin + SoC compared to SoC alone for the treatment of HFrEF patients was cost-effective from the perspective of the MoH of Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Chin Ong
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Joo Zheng Low
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia
- Hospital Sultan Ismail Petra, Ministry of Health, Kuala Krai, Malaysia
| | - Stephan Linden
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
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Bozkurt B. Nonresponse to Heart Failure Therapy: An Important Trajectory. JACC Heart Fail 2023; 11:729-732. [PMID: 37286263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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Angélico-Gonçalves A, Leite AR, Neves JS, Saraiva F, Brochado L, Oliveira AC, Butler J, Packer M, Zannad F, Vasques-Nóvoa F, Leite-Moreira A, Ferreira JP. Changes in health-related quality of life and treatment effects in chronic heart failure: A meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2023:S0167-5273(23)00726-X. [PMID: 37211049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is associated with poor health status, and high morbi-mortality. However, it is not well established how health status changes correlate with treatment effects on clinical outcomes. Our aim was to study the association between treatment-induced changes in health-status, assessed by Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire 23 (KCCQ-23) and clinical outcomes in chronic HF. METHODS Systematic search of phase III-IV pharmacological RCTs in chronic HF that assessed KCCQ-23 changes and clinical outcomes throughout follow-up. We studied the association between treatment induced changes in KCCQ-23 and treatment effects on clinical outcomes (HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death, HF hospitalization, cardiovascular death, and all-cause death) using weighted random-effects meta-regression. RESULTS Sixteen trials were included, enrolling a total of 65,664 participants. Treatment induced KCCQ-23 changes were moderately correlated with treatment effects on the combined outcome of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular mortality (regression coefficient (RC) = -0.047, 95%CI: -0.085 to -0.009; R2 = 49%), a correlation that was mainly driven by HF hospitalization (RC = -0.076, 95%CI: -0.124 to -0.029; R2 = 56%). Correlations of treatment induced KCCQ-23 changes with cardiovascular death (RC = -0.029, 95%CI: -0.073 to 0.015; R2 = 10%) and all-cause death (RC = -0.019, 95%CI: -0.057 to 0.019; R2 = 0%) were weak and non-significant. CONCLUSIONS Treatment-induced changes in KCCQ-23 were moderately correlated with treatment-effects on HF hospitalizations but were not correlated with the effects on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Treatment-induced changes in patient-centered outcomes (i.e., KCCQ-23) may reflect non-fatal symptomatic changes in the clinical course of HF leading to hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Angélico-Gonçalves
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Leite
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Sérgio Neves
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Saraiva
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Brochado
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Oliveira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Milton Packer
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America; Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques, - Plurithématique 14-33 and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France
| | - Francisco Vasques-Nóvoa
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Ciuca C, Balducci A, Angeli E, Di Dio M, Assenza GE, Mariucci E, Ragni L, Lovato L, Niro F, Gesuete V, Careddu L, Bartolacelli Y, Bulgarelli A, Donti A, Gargiulo GD. Long Term Follow-Up of Patients with Systemic Right Ventricle and Biventricular Physiology: A Single Centre Experience. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10050219. [PMID: 37233186 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10050219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A progressively increasing prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD) in adulthood has been noticed in recent decades; CHD cases with a systemic right ventricle have a poorer outcome. METHODS Seventy-three patients with SRV evaluated in an outpatient clinic between 2014 and 2020 were enrolled in this study. Thirty-four patients had a transposition of the great arteries treated with an atrial switch operation; 39 patients had a congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA). RESULTS Mean age at the first evaluation was 29.6 ± 14.2 years; 48% of the patients were female. The NYHA class at the visit was III or IV in 14% of the cases. Thirteen patients had at least one previous pregnancy. In 25% of the cases, complications occurred during pregnancy. Survival free from adverse events was 98.6% at one year and 90% at 6-year follow-up without any difference between the two groups. Two patients died and one received heart transplantation during follow-up. The most common adverse event during follow-up was the presence of arrhythmia requiring hospitalization (27.1%), followed by heart failure (12.3%). The presence of LGE together with lower exercise capacity, higher NYHA class and more dilated and/or hypokinetic RV predicted a poorer outcome. Quality of life was similar to the QoL of the Italian population. CONCLUSIONS Long-term follow-up of patients with a systemic right ventricle is characterized by a high incidence of clinical events, prevalently arrhythmias and heart failure, which cause most of the unscheduled hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ciuca
- Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Balducci
- Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Angeli
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Di Dio
- Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Egidy Assenza
- Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mariucci
- Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Ragni
- Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Lovato
- Radiology Unit, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Niro
- Radiology Unit, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Gesuete
- Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Careddu
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ylenia Bartolacelli
- Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ambra Bulgarelli
- Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Donti
- Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gaetano Domenico Gargiulo
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Basile C, Paolillo S, Gargiulo P, Marzano F, Dellegrottaglie S, Abbate V, Ambrosio A, Carbone F, Dell'Aversana S, Esposito I, Fierro MF, Perrone-Filardi P. Left atrium decompression devices across the spectrum of ejection fraction in heart failure: an updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Heart Fail Rev 2023:10.1007/s10741-023-10317-2. [PMID: 37162633 PMCID: PMC10403397 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients affected by heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), pharmacological treatments have been proven to alleviate symptoms and improve prognosis, while no treatment other than sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors have demonstrated significant effects in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Left atrium decompression devices (LADd) have been recently investigated as a new interventional approach in patients with HFpEF. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of LADd on soft endpoints in HF patients across the spectrum of ejection fraction. METHODS PubMed and Web of Science were searched without restrictions from inception to 28 May 2022 to identify valuable articles. The studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The prespecified main outcomes were the change from baseline in 6-min walking distance (6MWD), NYHA class and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Secondary outcomes were reduction in HF hospitalizations, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic parameters. RESULTS Eleven studies, with a total of 547 patients, were included. LADd significantly improved 6MWD by 43.95 m (95% CI 29.64-58.26 m), decreased NYHA class by 0.93 (95% CI 1.20-0.67), and improved HRQoL questionnaire by 20.45 points (95% CI 13.77-27.14) with better results for all outcomes in patients with lower EFs. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis suggests that LADd are favorable in improving 6MWD, NYHA class, and HRQoL in HF across a wide spectrum of ejection fraction, with better outcomes in patients with lower EFs. TRIAL REGISTRATION CRD42022336077, URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=336077 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Basile
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Paolillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Paola Gargiulo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Marzano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Vincenza Abbate
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Ambrosio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Carbone
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Dell'Aversana
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Fierro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Pazan F, Weiss C, Wehling M. The EURO-FORTA (Fit fOR The Aged) List Version 2: Consensus Validation of a Clinical Tool for Improved Pharmacotherapy in Older Adults. Drugs Aging 2023; 40:417-426. [PMID: 37129833 PMCID: PMC10152014 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-023-01024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging of our societies leads to a higher prevalence of multimorbidity and therefore polypharmacy, which often results in inappropriate drug treatment. To address this issue, numerous listing approaches, such as the Fit fOR The Aged (FORTA) list have been developed. FORTA's positive impact on the quality of medications and relevant clinical outcomes has been shown. Based on new emerging evidence and experiences with the existing FORTA lists, we aimed to update the FORTA lists in several European countries/regions. METHODS Two-step Delphi consensus procedures were conducted in Poland, UK/Ireland, Italy, Spain, the Nordic countries, The Netherlands and France. The existing European FORTA lists served as survey proposals. RESULTS Thirty-two experts agreed to take part in this study (return rate: 96.9%). The country/region-specific overall consensus for all items and participants after the first round was > 90%. FORTA lists from six participating countries, plus the FORTA list for the German-speaking countries, were collated into the new EURO-FORTA List, which now contains 267 items aligned to 27 indications. Three items were added to the EURO-FORTA List, and no drugs were deleted. Eight FORTA items were relabeled, and 96.9% of the labels remained unchanged. CONCLUSION In this study, seven new country/region specific FORTA lists, as well as a new overarching EURO-FORTA List, were developed. An overall increase in the mean consensus coefficient and increases for all disease-specific mean consensus coefficients show a wider consensus among participants. The new lists have the potential to improve drug therapy in older people internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Pazan
- Clinical Pharmacology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Christel Weiss
- Department of Medical Statistics, Biomathematics and Information Processing, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Wehling
- Clinical Pharmacology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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Chen Y, Peng D. New insights into the molecular mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors on ventricular remodeling. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110072. [PMID: 37018976 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Ventricular remodeling is a pathological process of ventricular response to continuous stimuli such as pressure overload, ischemia or ischemia-reperfusion, which can lead to the change of cardiac structure and function structure, which is central to the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) and is an established prognostic factor in patients with HF. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) get a new hypoglycemic drug that inhibit sodium glucose coconspirator on renal tubular epithelial cells. Recently, clinical trials increasingly and animal experiments increasingly have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors have been largely applied in the fields of cardiovascular diseases, forinstance heart failure, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes cardiomyopathy and other diseases play a cardiovascular protective role in addition to hypoglycemic. These diseases are association with ventricular remodeling. Inhibiting ventricular remodeling can improve the readmission rate and mortality of patients with heart failure. So far, clinical trials and animal experiments demonstrate that the protective effect of SGLT2 inhibitors in the cardiovascular field is bound to inhibit ventricular remodeling. Therefore, this review briefly investigates the molecular mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors on ameliorating ventricular remodeling, and further explore the mechanisms of cardiovascular protection of SGLT2 inhibitors, in order to establish strategies for ventricular remodeling to prevent the progress of heart failure.
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Nguyen BN, Mital S, Bugden S, Nguyen HV. Cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin for treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Int J Cardiol 2023; 376:83-89. [PMID: 36736672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differences in cost and efficacy between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in combination with standard of care (SoC) raise the question of which regimen would be cost-effective in treating heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin plus SoC (dapagliflozin-SoC) versus empagliflozin plus SoC (empagliflozin-SoC) or SoC alone for treatment of HFrEF. METHODS We developed a Markov model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin-SoC, empagliflozin-SoC, and SoC alone from the healthcare system perspective over a lifetime horizon. Data on efficacy of dapagliflozin-SoC, empagliflozin-SoC, and SoC were obtained from randomized controlled trials. Costs were measured in 2022 US dollars, and effectiveness was measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). RESULTS Among three strategies, dapagliflozin-SoC was the most cost-effective strategy and dominated empagliflozin-SoC in an extended sense. Compared with SoC alone, dapagliflozin-SoC and empagliflozin-SoC had incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) of $56,782 and $89,258 per QALY, respectively. Dapagliflozin-SoC cost more $5524 but yielded more 0.20 QALYs than empagliflozin-SoC, with the ICER of $27,861 per QALY. The cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin-SoC, empagliflozin-SoC, and SoC alone did not depend on diabetic status. However, empagliflozin-SoC was no longer cost-effective versus SoC alone in HFrEF patients without CKD, and dapagliflozin-SoC was not cost-effective versus empagliflozin-SoC in HFrEF patients with CKD. CONCLUSION Dapagliflozin-SoC was cost-effective versus empagliflozin-SoC or SoC alone for treatment of HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ngoc Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Shweta Mital
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shawn Bugden
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Hai V Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
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Zannad F, Alikhaani J, Alikhaani S, Butler J, Gordon J, Jensen K, Khatib R, Mantovani L, Martinez R, Moore WF, Murakami M, Roessig L, Stockbridge N, Van Spall HGC, Yancy C, Spertus JA. Patient-reported outcome measures and patient engagement in heart failure clinical trials: multi-stakeholder perspectives. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:478-487. [PMID: 36924142 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many consequences of heart failure (HF), including symptoms, impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and physical and social limitations (functional status). These have a substantial impact on patients' lives, yet are not routinely captured in clinical trials. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) can quantify patients' experiences of their disease and its treatment. Steps can be taken to improve the use of PROs in HF trials, in regulatory and payer decisions, and in patient care. Importantly, PRO measures (PROMs) must be developed with involvement of patients, family members, and caregivers from diverse demographic groups and communities. PRO data collection should become more routine not only in clinical trials but also in clinical practice. This may be facilitated by the use of digital tools and interdisciplinary patient advocacy efforts. There is a need for standardization, not only of the PROM instruments, but also in procedures for analysis, interpretation and reporting PRO data. More work needs to be done to determine the degree of change that is important to patients and that is associated with increased risks of clinical events. This 'minimal clinically important difference' requires further research to determine thresholds for different PROMs, to assess consistency across trial populations, and to define standards for improvement that warrant regulatory and reimbursement approvals. PROs are a vital part of patient care and drug development, and more work should be done to ensure that these measures are both reflective of the patient experience and that they are more widely employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm Clinical Investigation Center at Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jason Gordon
- HEOR- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Ltd, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Rani Khatib
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds; Cardiology Department, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Lorenzo Mantovani
- Value-Based Healthcare Unit, IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Wanda F Moore
- Sarver Heart Center Women's Heart Health Education Comm., University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Lothar Roessig
- Clinical Development Group, Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Norman Stockbridge
- Division of Cardiology and Nephrology, Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Harriette G C Van Spall
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Research Institute of St. Joseph's, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Clyde Yancy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John A Spertus
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Velez M. Advances in contemporary medical management to treat patients with heart failure. Curr Opin Cardiol 2023; 38:136-142. [PMID: 36718623 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neurohormonal blockade and device-based therapies for heart failure (HF) greatly reduce morbidity and mortality. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated benefits in patients with HF across a broad range of phenotypes. In addition to SGLT2i, drugs targeting novel pathways have demonstrated benefit in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This review will provide an update on recent advances in the medical management of HF, highlighting the role of SGLT2i, vericiguat and omecamtiv mecarbil, along with new evidence on the benefit of rapid up-titration of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in patients with acute HF. RECENT FINDINGS Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin reduce the risk of HF hospitalization and cardiovascular (CV) death in HF patients regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and diabetes status. Their true mechanism of action in HF is not yet defined. Vericiguat, a stimulator of guanylate cyclase, and omecamtiv mecarbil, a cardiac myotrope, have shown benefit in HFrEF. Rapid up-titration of GDMT in patients hospitalized with HF is safe and results in improved clinical outcomes. SUMMARY SGLT2i have earned their place as the fourth pillar of HF medical therapy alongside sacubitril-valsartan, evidence-based beta-blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. They should be considered for the treatment of all symptomatic patients across the entire range of HF phenotypes, including patients hospitalized with HF. Vericiguat benefits high risk patients with worsening HF clinical profile. Most patients hospitalized with HF can be up-titrated to high doses of GDMT within weeks and this approach reduces the likelihood of adverse HF outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Velez
- Section of Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Medicine, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida, USA
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Rezapour A, Tashakori-Miyanroudi M, Haghjoo M, Barzegar M, Tatarpour P, Souresrafil A, Gorji HA, Yousefzadeh N, Sheikhy-Chaman M. Cost Effectiveness of Adding Dapagliflozin to Standard Care in Heart Failure Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2023; 23:127-144. [PMID: 36725789 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-022-00564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dapagliflozin, a new treatment option for heart failure, leads to a significant reduction in the hospitalization of patients with heart failure. We aimed to review studies on the economic evaluation of adding dapagliflozin to standard care compared with standard care alone in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). METHODS For this systematic review, the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, and CEA Registry scientific databases were searched from 1 January 2020 to 25 March 2022. Two of the present researchers screened titles and abstracts, extracted data from full-text articles, and evaluated their quality using the Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) checklist for the quality assessment of health economic studies. RESULTS Of the 456 abstracts screened, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. The mean QHES score for the studies was 0.87 (high quality). Eight studies on cost-effectiveness analysis, ten studies on cost-utility analysis, and one study on cost-minimization analysis were conducted. Based on the available evidence and the present findings, the addition of dapagliflozin to standard care in patients with HFrEF was cost effective in most countries. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of the present study, the addition of dapagliflozin to standard care in patients with HFrEF was cost effective. More studies investigating the cost effectiveness of dapagliflozin in patients with HFrEF are required in light of the actual epidemiological data of countries in the relevant input parameters. It is also recommended to conduct cost-effectiveness studies of dapagliflozin taking into account costs and benefits from a societal perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Rezapour
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Tashakori-Miyanroudi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Majid Haghjoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barzegar
- Department of English Language Teaching, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Tatarpour
- School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aghdas Souresrafil
- Dept. of Health Services and Health Promotion, School of Health, Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Hassan Abolghasem Gorji
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Yousefzadeh
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sheikhy-Chaman
- Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Guo Z, Wang L, Yu J, Wang Y, Yang Z, Zhou C. The role of SGLT-2 inhibitors on health-related quality of life, exercise capacity, and volume depletion in patients with chronic heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Clin Pharm 2023:10.1007/s11096-022-01504-6. [PMID: 36800144 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-022-01504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is essential in treating heart failure (HF). Evidence of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors on HRQoL and exercise capacity needs to be systematically analyzed. AIM This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on HRQoL, exercise capacity, and volume depletion in patients with HF. METHOD Randomized controlled trials were searched from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The intervention arm was the SGLT-2 inhibitor group, and the control group was the placebo group. HRQoL outcomes were the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaires (KCCQ)-OSS (Overall Summary Score), KCCQ-CSS (Clinical Summary Score), and KCCQ-TSS (Total Symptom Score). Exercise capacity was a 6-min walk test distance (6MWTD). The last search was conducted in May 2022. Two researchers independently screened articles, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of included trials. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the quality of each study. Random or fixed-effect models were used in statistical methods. I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS Eight studies (6,213 patients) were included. Compared to the placebo group, SGLT-2 inhibitors significantly improved HRQoL parameters of the KCCQ-CSS score [mean difference (MD) 5.17, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 4.61-5.73, P < 0.01] and the KCCQ-OSS score (MD 4.00, 95% CI 3.44-4.56, P < 0.01). SGLT-2 inhibitors also significantly improved exercise capacity 6MWTD (MD 21.90, 95% CI 6.54-37.25, P = 0.005). There were no significant differences in KCCQ-TSS (MD 1.95, 95% CI - 1.10 to 5.01, P = 0.21) and volume depletion [odds ratio (OR) 1.15, 95% CI 0.94-1.42, P = 0.18] between the treatment and placebo groups. CONCLUSION SGLT-2 inhibitors could improve HRQoL and exercise capacity in patients with chronic HF. SGLT-2 inhibitors did not have an impact on volume depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lingjiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | | | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Innovation Institute of Artificial Intelligence Clinical Pharmacy, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Baba DF, Suciu H, Avram C, Danilesco A, Moldovan DA, Rauta RC, Huma L, Sin IA. The Role of Preoperative Chronic Statin Therapy in Heart Transplant Receipts-A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3471. [PMID: 36834166 PMCID: PMC9959876 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statin therapy has been proven to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. The objective of our retrospective study was to investigate the relationship between preoperative chronic administration of statins to postoperative 2-month heart transplantation complications. METHODS A total number of 38 heart transplantation recipients from the Cardiovascular and Transplant Emergency Institute of Târgu Mureș between May 2014 and January 2021 were included in our study. RESULTS In logistic regression, we found a statistical significance between statin treatment and the presence of postoperative complications of any cause (OR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.008-0.56; p = 0.0128), simultaneously presenting an elevated risk for early-postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). From the statin group, atorvastatin therapy had a higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development (OR: 29.73, 95% CI: 1.19-741.76; p = 0.0387) and AKI (OR: 29.73, 95% CI: 1.19-741.76; p = 0.0387). C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) represented risk factors, atorvastatin administration being independently associated with lower CRP values. CONCLUSIONS Chronic previous administration of statins represented a protective factor to the development of 2-month postoperative complications of any cause in heart transplant receipts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragos-Florin Baba
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Horatiu Suciu
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Calin Avram
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Alina Danilesco
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Diana Andreea Moldovan
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Radu Catalin Rauta
- Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Huma
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Ileana Anca Sin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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Dixit NM, Parikh NU, Ziaeian B, Jackson N, Fonarow GC. Cost-Effectiveness of Comprehensive Quadruple Therapy for Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. JACC Heart Fail 2023:S2213-1779(23)00032-X. [PMID: 36892492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is one of the most costly and deadly chronic disease states. The cost effectiveness of a comprehensive quadruple therapy regimen for HFrEF has not been studied. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to determine the cost-effectiveness of quadruple therapy comprised of beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors vs regimens composed of only beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (triple therapy), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers (double therapy). METHODS Using a 2-state Markov model, the authors performed a cost-effectiveness study using simulated populations of 1,000 patients with HFrEF based on the participants in the PARADIGM-HF (Prospective comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and morbidity in Heart Failure) trial and compared them by treatment strategy (quadruple therapy vs triple and double therapy) from a United States health care system perspective. The authors also performed 10,000 probabilistic simulations. RESULTS Treatment with quadruple therapy resulted in an increase of 1.73 and 2.87 life-years compared with triple therapy and double therapy, respectively, and an increase in quality-adjusted life-years of 1.12 and 1.85 years, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of quadruple therapy vs triple therapy and double therapy were $81,000 and $51,081, respectively. In 91.7% and 99.9% of probabilistic simulations quadruple therapy had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of <$150,000 compared with triple therapy and double therapy, respectively. CONCLUSIONS At current pricing, the use of quadruple therapy in patients with HFrEF was cost effective compared with triple therapy and double therapy. These findings highlight the need for improved access and optimal implementation of comprehensive quadruple therapy in eligible patients with HFrEF.
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