1
|
Pszczołowska M, Walczak K, Misków W, Antosz K, Batko J, Karska J, Leszek J. Molecular cross-talk between long COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2024; 46:2885-2899. [PMID: 38393535 PMCID: PMC11009207 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The long COVID (coronavirus disease), a multisystemic condition following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is one of the widespread problems. Some of its symptoms affect the nervous system and resemble symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-a neurodegenerative condition caused by the accumulation of amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins. Multiple studies have found dependence between these two conditions. Patients with Alzheimer's disease have a greater risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to increased levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and the infection itself promotes amyloid beta generation which enhances the risk of AD. Also, the molecular pathways are alike-misregulations in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism, a deficit of Cq10, and disease-associated microglia. Medical imaging in both of these diseases shows a decrease in the volume of gray matter, global brain size reduction, and hypometabolism in the parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus, and cingulate cortex. In some studies, a similar approach to applied medication can be seen, including the use of amino adamantanes and phenolic compounds of rosemary. The significance of these connections and their possible application in medical practice still needs further study but there is a possibility that they will help to better understand long COVID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamil Walczak
- Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Weronika Misków
- Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Antosz
- Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Batko
- Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Julia Karska
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Department, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Department, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li H, Zhao R, Pan Y, Tian H, Chen W. Insecticidal activity of Ageratina adenophora (Asteraceae) extract against Limax maximus (Mollusca, Limacidae) at different developmental stages and its chemical constituent analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298668. [PMID: 38625919 PMCID: PMC11020717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Limax maximus, or great gray slug, is a common agriculture pest. The pest infests crops during their growth phase, creating holes in vegetable leaves, particularly in seedlings and tender leaves. A study was conducted to assess the insecticidal activity of Ageratina adenophora extract against these slugs. Factors such as fecundity, growth, hatching rate, offspring survival rate, protective enzyme activity, and detoxifying enzyme activity were examined in slugs exposed to the extract's sublethal concentration (LC50) for two different durations (24 and 48 h). The phytochemical variability of the extracts was also studied. The LC50 value of the A. adenophora extract against L. maximus was 35.9 mg/mL. This extract significantly reduced the hatching rate of eggs and the survival rate of offspring hatched from exposed eggs compared with the control. The lowest rates were observed in those exposed for 48 h. The survival, growth, protective enzyme, and detoxification activity of newly hatched and 40-day-old slugs decreased. The A. adenophora extract contained tannins, flavonoids, and saponins, possibly contributing to their biological effects. These results suggest that the extract could be used as an alternative treatment for slug extermination, effectively controlling this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Runa Zhao
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yingna Pan
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenlong Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bonomi CG, Martorana A, Fiorelli D, Nuccetelli M, Placidi F, Mercuri NB, Motta C. Constitutive NOS Production Is Modulated by Alzheimer's Disease Pathology Depending on APOE Genotype. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3725. [PMID: 38612537 PMCID: PMC11011586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Both the endothelial (eNOS) and the neuronal (nNOS) isoforms of constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase have been implicated in vascular dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to explore the relationship between amyloid pathology and NO dynamics by comparing the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of nNOS and eNOS of 8 healthy controls (HC) and 27 patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and isolated CSF amyloid changes, stratified according to APOE ε genotype (APOE ε3 = 13, APOE ε4 = 14). Moreover, we explored the associations between NOS isoforms, CSF AD biomarkers, age, sex, cognitive decline, and blood-brain barrier permeability. In our cohort, both eNOS and nNOS levels were increased in APOE ε3 with respect to HC and APOE ε4. CSF eNOS inversely correlated with CSF Amyloid-β42 selectively in carriers of APOE ε3; CSF nNOS was negatively associated with age and CSF p-tau only in the APOE ε4 subgroup. Increased eNOS could represent compensative vasodilation to face progressive Aβ-induced vasoconstriction in APOE ε3, while nNOS could represent the activation of NO-mediated plasticity strategies in the same group. Our results confirm previous findings that the APOE genotype is linked with different vascular responses to AD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giuseppina Bonomi
- UOSD Memory Clinic, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.G.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Alessandro Martorana
- UOSD Memory Clinic, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.G.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Denise Fiorelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (M.N.)
| | - Marzia Nuccetelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (M.N.)
| | - Fabio Placidi
- Neurology Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (N.B.M.)
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Neurology Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (N.B.M.)
| | - Caterina Motta
- UOSD Memory Clinic, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.G.B.); (C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Hypertension is extremely common, affecting approximately 1 in every 2 adults globally. Chronic hypertension is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature mortality worldwide. Despite considerable efforts to define mechanisms that underlie hypertension, a potentially major component of the disease, the role of circadian biology has been relatively overlooked in both preclinical models and humans. Although the presence of daily and circadian patterns has been observed from the level of the genome to the whole organism, the functional and structural impact of biological rhythms, including mechanisms such as circadian misalignment, remains relatively poorly defined. Here, we review the impact of daily rhythms and circadian systems in regulating blood pressure and the onset, progression, and consequences of hypertension. There is an emphasis on the impact of circadian biology in relation to vascular disease and end-organ effects that, individually or in combination, contribute to complex phenotypes such as cognitive decline and the loss of cardiac and brain health. Despite effective treatment options for some individuals, control of blood pressure remains inadequate in a substantial portion of the hypertensive population. Greater insight into circadian biology may form a foundation for novel and more widely effective molecular therapies or interventions to help in the prevention, treatment, and management of hypertension and its related pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank M. Faraci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081
| | - Frank A.J.L. Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen WH, Chen CH, Hsu MC, Chang RW, Wang CH, Lee TS. Advances in the molecular mechanisms of statins in regulating endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability: Interlocking biology between eNOS activity and L-arginine metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116192. [PMID: 38262153 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A, are widely used to treat hypercholesterolemia. In addition, statins have been suggested to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events owing to their pleiotropic effects on the vascular system, including vasodilation, anti-inflammation, anti-coagulation, anti-oxidation, and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. The major beneficial effect of statins in maintaining vascular homeostasis is the induction of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by activating endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells. The mechanisms underlying the increased NO bioavailability and eNOS activation by statins have been well-established in various fields, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, kinase-dependent phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions. However, the mechanism by which statins affect the metabolism of L-arginine, a precursor of NO biosynthesis, has rarely been discussed. Autophagy, which is crucial for energy homeostasis, regulates endothelial functions, including NO production and angiogenesis, and is a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, in addition to summarizing the molecular mechanisms underlying increased NO bioavailability and eNOS activation by statins, we also discuss the effects of statins on the metabolism of L-arginine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Chen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Chen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Man-Chen Hsu
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Wen Chang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Lee
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Adams JA, Uryash A, Lopez JR. Harnessing Passive Pulsatile Shear Stress for Alzheimer's Disease Prevention and Intervention. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:387-401. [PMID: 38393906 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects more than 40 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of dementia. This disease is a challenge for both patients and caregivers and puts a significant strain on the global healthcare system. To address this issue, the Lancet Commission recommends focusing on reducing modifiable lifestyle risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and physical inactivity. Passive pulsatile shear stress (PPSS) interventions, which use devices like whole-body periodic acceleration, periodic acceleration along the Z-axis (pGz), and the Jogging Device, have shown significant systemic and cellular effects in preclinical and clinical models which address these modifiable risks factors. Based on this, we propose that PPSS could be a potential non-pharmacological and non-invasive preventive or therapeutic strategy for AD. We perform a comprehensive review of the biological basis based on all publications of PPSS using these devices and demonstrate their effects on the various aspects of AD. We draw from this comprehensive analysis to support our hypothesis. We then delve into the possible application of PPSS as an innovative intervention. We discuss how PPSS holds promise in ameliorating hypertension and diabetes while mitigating physical inactivity, potentially offering a holistic approach to AD prevention and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Jose R Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zinellu A, Tommasi S, Sedda S, Mangoni AA. Circulating arginine metabolites in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102139. [PMID: 38007048 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis have been reported in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. However, as the measurement of NO in biological samples is analytically challenging, alternative, stable circulatory biomarkers of NO synthesis may be useful to unravel new pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment targets in dementia. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the circulating concentrations of arginine metabolites linked to NO synthesis, arginine, citrulline, asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric (SDMA) dimethylarginine, and ornithine, in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. We searched for relevant studies in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to the 31st of May 2023. The JBI checklist and GRADE were used to assess the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence, respectively. RESULTS In 14 selected studies, there were no significant between-group differences in arginine and ornithine concentrations. By contrast, compared to controls, patients with dementia had significantly higher ADMA (standard mean difference, SMD=0.62, 95% CI 0.06-1.19, p = 0.029), SDMA (SMD=0.70, 95% CI 0.34-1.35, p<0.001), and citrulline concentrations (SMD=0.50, 95% CI 0.08-0.91, p = 0.018). In subgroup analysis, the effect size was significantly associated with treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors and/or antipsychotics for ADMA, and underlying disorder (Alzheimer's disease), study continent, and analytical method for citrulline. CONCLUSION Alterations in ADMA, SDMA, and citrulline, biomarkers of NO synthesis, may be useful to investigate the pathophysiology of different forms of dementia and identify novel therapeutic strategies. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023439528).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sara Tommasi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia; Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stefania Sedda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia; Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang L, Xu Z, Lei X, Huang Y, Tu S, Xu L, Xia J, Liu D. Paneth cell-derived iNOS is required to maintain homeostasis in the intestinal stem cell niche. J Transl Med 2023; 21:852. [PMID: 38007452 PMCID: PMC10675917 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian intestinal epithelium constantly undergoes rapid self-renewal and regeneration sustained by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) within crypts. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is an important regulator in tissue homeostasis and inflammation. However, the functions of iNOS on ISCs have not been clarified. Here, we aimed to investigate the expression pattern of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) within crypts and explore its function in the homeostatic maintenance of the ISC niche. METHODS Expression of iNOS was determined by tissue staining and qPCR. iNOS-/- and Lgr5 transgenic mice were used to explore the influence of iNOS ablation on ISC proliferation and differentiation. Enteroids were cultured to study the effect of iNOS on ISCs in vitro. Ileum samples from wild-type and iNOS-/- mice were collected for RNA-Seq to explore the molecular mechanisms by which iNOS regulates ISCs. RESULTS iNOS was physiologically expressed in Paneth cells. Knockout of iNOS led to apparent morphological changes in the intestine, including a decrease in the small intestine length and in the heights of both villi and crypts. Knockout of iNOS decreased the number of Ki67+ or BrdU+ proliferative cells in crypts. Loss of iNOS increased the number of Olfm4+ ISCs but inhibited the differentiation and migration of Lgr5+ ISCs in vivo. iNOS depletion also inhibited enteroid formation and the budding efficiency of crypts in vitro. Moreover, iNOS deficiency altered gluconeogenesis and the adaptive immune response in the ileum transcriptome. CONCLUSION Paneth cell-derived iNOS is required to maintain a healthy ISC niche, and Knockout of iNOS hinders ISC function in mice. Therefore, iNOS represents a potential target for the development of new drugs and other therapeutic interventions for intestinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Huang
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhenni Xu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xudan Lei
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yujun Huang
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Siyu Tu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jieying Xia
- Animal Experiment Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dengqun Liu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kurhaluk N. Supplementation with l-arginine and nitrates vs age and individual physiological reactivity. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad131. [PMID: 37903373 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a natural ontogenetic phenomenon that entails a decrease in the adaptive capacity of the organism, as a result of which the body becomes less adaptable to stressful conditions. Nitrate and nitrite enter the body from exogenous sources and from nitrification of ammonia nitrogen by intestinal microorganisms. This review considers the mechanisms of action of l-arginine, a known inducer of nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis, and nitrates as supplements in the processes of ageing and aggravated stress states, in which mechanisms of individual physiological reactivity play an important role. This approach can be used as an element of individual therapy or prevention of premature ageing processes depending on the different levels of initial reactivity of the functional systems. A search was performed of the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases (n = 181 articles) and the author's own research (n = 4) up to May 5, 2023. The review presents analyses of data on targeted treatment of NO generation by supplementation with l-arginine or nitrates, which is a promising means for prevention of hypoxic conditions frequently accompanying pathological processes in an ageing organism. The review clarifies the role of the individual state of physiological reactivity, using the example of individuals with a high predominance of cholinergic regulatory mechanisms who already have a significant reserve of adaptive capacity. In studies of the predominance of adrenergic influences, a poorly trained organism as well as an elderly organism correspond to low resistance, which is an additional factor of damage at increased energy expenditure. Conclusion: It is suggested that the role of NO synthesis from supplementation of dietary nitrates and nitrites increases with age rather than from oxygen-dependent biosynthetic reactions from l-arginine supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurhaluk
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khan F, Qiu H. Amyloid-β: A potential mediator of aging-related vascular pathologies. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 152:107213. [PMID: 37625763 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Aging is one of the most promising risk factors for vascular diseases, however, the precise mechanisms mediating aging-related pathologies are not fully understood. Amyloid beta (Aβ), a peptide produced by the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), is known as a key mediator of brain damage involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, it was found that the accumulation of Aβ in the vascular wall is linked to a range of aging-related vascular pathologies, indicating a potential role of Aβ in the pathogenesis of aging-associated vascular diseases. In the present review, we have updated the molecular regulation of Aβ in vascular cells and tissues, summarized the relevance of the Aβ deposition with vascular aging and diseases, and the role of Aβ dysregulation in aging-associated vascular pathologies, including the impaired vascular response, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This review will provide advanced information in understanding aging-related vascular pathologies and a new avenue to explore therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fazlullah Khan
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix 85004, AZ, USA
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix 85004, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Poeggeler B, Singh SK, Sambamurti K, Pappolla MA. Nitric Oxide as a Determinant of Human Longevity and Health Span. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14533. [PMID: 37833980 PMCID: PMC10572643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The master molecular regulators and mechanisms determining longevity and health span include nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion radicals (SOR). L-arginine, the NO synthase (NOS) substrate, can restore a healthy ratio between the dangerous SOR and the protective NO radical to promote healthy aging. Antioxidant supplementation orchestrates protection against oxidative stress and damage-L-arginine and antioxidants such as vitamin C increase NO production and bioavailability. Uncoupling of NO generation with the appearance of SOR can be induced by asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). L-arginine can displace ADMA from the site of NO formation if sufficient amounts of the amino acid are available. Antioxidants such as ascorbic acids can scavenge SOR and increase the bioavailability of NO. The topics of this review are the complex interactions of antioxidant agents with L-arginine, which determine NO bioactivity and protection against age-related degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Poeggeler
- Department of Physiology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg August University Göttingen, Zappenburg 2, D-38524 Sassenburg, Germany
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India;
| | - Kumar Sambamurti
- Department of Neurobiology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 403, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Miguel A. Pappolla
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
He T, d’Uscio LV, Katusic ZS. BACE2 deficiency impairs expression and function of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in brain endothelial cells. J Neurochem 2023; 166:928-942. [PMID: 37547981 PMCID: PMC10599353 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme 2 (BACE2) is highly expressed in cerebrovascular endothelium. Notably, BACE2 is one of the most downregulated genes in cerebrovascular endothelium derived from patients with Alzheimer's disease. The present study was designed to determine the role of BACE2 in control of expression and function of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Genetic downregulation of BACE2 with small interfering RNA (BACE2siRNA) in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) significantly decreased expression of eNOS and elevated levels of eNOS phosphorylated at threonine residue Thr495, thus leading to reduced production of nitric oxide (NO). BACE2siRNA also suppressed expression of APP and decreased production and release of soluble APPα (sAPPα). In contrast, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of APP increased expression of eNOS. Consistent with these observations, nanomolar concentrations of sAPPα and APP 17mer peptide (derived from sAPPα) augmented eNOS expression. Further analysis established that γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 and Krüppel-like factor 2 may function as downstream molecular targets significantly contributing to BACE2/APP/sAPPα-induced up-regulation of eNOS. In agreement with studies on cultured human endothelium, endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine and basal production of cyclic GMP were impaired in cerebral arteries of BACE2-deficient mice. We propose that in the brain blood vessels, BACE2 may function as a vascular protective protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongrong He
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Livius V. d’Uscio
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zvonimir S. Katusic
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Iadecola C, Anfray A, Schaeffer S, Hattori Y, Santisteban M, Casey N, Wang G, Strickland M, Zhou P, Holtzman D, Anrather J, Park L. Cell autonomous role of border associated macrophages in ApoE4 neurovascular dysfunction and susceptibility to white matter injury. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3222611. [PMID: 37577565 PMCID: PMC10418550 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3222611/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein-E4 (ApoE4), the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease, is also a risk factor for microvascular pathologies leading to cognitive impairment, particularly subcortical white matter injury. These effects have been attributed to alterations in the regulation of the brain blood supply, but the cellular source of ApoE4 and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In mice expressing human ApoE3 or ApoE4 we report that border associated macrophages (BAM), myeloid cells closely apposed to neocortical microvessels, are both the source and the target of the ApoE4 mediating the neurovascular dysfunction through reactive oxygen species. ApoE4 in BAM is solely responsible for the increased susceptibility to oligemic white matter damage in ApoE4 mice and is sufficient to enhance damage in ApoE3 mice. The data unveil a new aspect of BAM pathobiology and highlight a previously unrecognized cell autonomous role of BAM in the neurovascular dysfunction of ApoE4 with potential therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gang Wang
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute - Weill Cornell Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Laibaik Park
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Hernández-Luna J, Aiello-Mora M, Brito-Aguilar R, Evelson PA, Villarreal-Ríos R, Torres-Jardón R, Ayala A, Mukherjee PS. APOE Peripheral and Brain Impact: APOE4 Carriers Accelerate Their Alzheimer Continuum and Have a High Risk of Suicide in PM 2.5 Polluted Cities. Biomolecules 2023; 13:927. [PMID: 37371506 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This Review emphasizes the impact of APOE4-the most significant genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD)-on peripheral and neural effects starting in childhood. We discuss major mechanistic players associated with the APOE alleles' effects in humans to understand their impact from conception through all life stages and the importance of detrimental, synergistic environmental exposures. APOE4 influences AD pathogenesis, and exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), manufactured nanoparticles (NPs), and ultrafine particles (UFPs) associated with combustion and friction processes appear to be major contributors to cerebrovascular dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. In the context of outdoor and indoor PM pollution burden-as well as Fe, Ti, and Al alloys; Hg, Cu, Ca, Sn, and Si UFPs/NPs-in placenta and fetal brain tissues, urban APOE3 and APOE4 carriers are developing AD biological disease hallmarks (hyperphosphorylated-tau (P-tau) and amyloid beta 42 plaques (Aβ42)). Strikingly, for Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) young residents ≤ 40 y, APOE4 carriers have 4.92 times higher suicide odds and 23.6 times higher odds of reaching Braak NFT V stage versus APOE4 non-carriers. The National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) framework could serve to test the hypothesis that UFPs and NPs are key players for oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, protein aggregation and misfolding, faulty complex protein quality control, and early damage to cell membranes and organelles of neural and vascular cells. Noninvasive biomarkers indicative of the P-tau and Aβ42 abnormal protein deposits are needed across the disease continuum starting in childhood. Among the 21.8 million MMC residents, we have potentially 4 million APOE4 carriers at accelerated AD progression. These APOE4 individuals are prime candidates for early neuroprotective interventional trials. APOE4 is key in the development of AD evolving from childhood in highly polluted urban centers dominated by anthropogenic and industrial sources of pollution. APOE4 subjects are at higher early risk of AD development, and neuroprotection ought to be implemented. Effective reductions of PM2.5, UFP, and NP emissions from all sources are urgently needed. Alzheimer's Disease prevention ought to be at the core of the public health response and physicians-scientist minority research be supported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- College of Health, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
- Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | | | - Mario Aiello-Mora
- Otorrinolaryngology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | | | - Pablo A Evelson
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113 AAD, Argentina
| | | | - Ricardo Torres-Jardón
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Alberto Ayala
- Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Partha S Mukherjee
- Interdisciplinary Statistical Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cipolla MJ, Alkayed NJ. Vascular Biology of Dementia. Stroke 2023; 54:646-647. [PMID: 36848429 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.042298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J Cipolla
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington (M.J.C.).,Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J.C.)
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR (N.J.A.)
| |
Collapse
|