1
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Loh JJ, Ma S. Hallmarks of cancer stemness. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:617-639. [PMID: 38701757 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stemness is recognized as a key component of tumor development. Previously coined "cancer stem cells" (CSCs) and believed to be a rare population with rigid hierarchical organization, there is good evidence to suggest that these cells exhibit a plastic cellular state influenced by dynamic CSC-niche interplay. This revelation underscores the need to reevaluate the hallmarks of cancer stemness. Herein, we summarize the techniques used to identify and characterize the state of these cells and discuss their defining and emerging hallmarks, along with their enabling and associated features. We also highlight potential future directions in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jian Loh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Translational and Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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2
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Wang H, Wei X, Liu L, Zhang J, Li H. Suppression of A-to-I RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to oxidative stress through regulating Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:30. [PMID: 38468359 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A-to-I RNA editing is an abundant post-transcriptional modification event in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Evidence suggests that adenosine deaminases acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) correlates to oxidative stress that is a crucial factor of HCC pathogenesis. The present study investigated the effect of ADAR1 on survival and oxidative stress of HCC, and underlying mechanisms. METHODS ADAR1 expression was measured in fifty HCC and normal tissues via real-time quantitative PCR, and immunohistochemistry. For stable knockdown or overexpression of ADAR1, adeno-associated virus vectors carrying sh-ADAR1 or ADAR1 overexpression were transfected into HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. Transfected cells were exposed to oxidative stress agonist tBHP or sorafenib Bay 43-9006. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress were measured, and tumor xenograft experiment was implemented. RESULTS ADAR1 was up-regulated in HCC and correlated to unfavorable clinical outcomes. ADAR1 deficiency attenuated proliferation of HCC cells and tumor growth and enhanced apoptosis. Moreover, its loss facilitated intracellular ROS accumulation, and elevated Keap1 and lowered Nrf2 expression. Intracellular GSH content and SOD activity were decreased and MDA content was increased in the absence of ADAR1. The opposite results were observed when ADAR1 was overexpressed. The effects of tBHP and Bay 43-9006 on survival, apoptosis, intracellular ROS accumulation, and Keap1/Nrf2 pathway were further exacerbated by simultaneous inhibition of ADAR1. CONCLUSIONS The current study unveils that ADAR1 is required for survival and oxidative stress of HCC cells, and targeting ADAR1 may sensitize HCC cells to oxidative stress via modulating Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houhong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236006, Anhui, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Bozhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Bozhou, 236800, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China.
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, West District of The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
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3
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Jiao Y, Xu Y, Liu C, Miao R, Liu C, Wang Y, Liu J. The role of ADAR1 through and beyond its editing activity in cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:42. [PMID: 38233935 PMCID: PMC10795376 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing of RNA, catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, is a prevalent RNA modification in mammals. It has been shown that A-to-I editing plays a critical role in multiple diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, neurological disorder, and particularly cancer. ADARs are the family of enzymes, including ADAR1, ADAR2, and ADAR3, that catalyze the occurrence of A-to-I editing. Notably, A-to-I editing is mainly catalyzed by ADAR1. Given the significance of A-to-I editing in disease development, it is important to unravel the complex roles of ADAR1 in cancer for the development of novel therapeutic interventions.In this review, we briefly describe the progress of research on A-to-I editing and ADARs in cancer, mainly focusing on the role of ADAR1 in cancer from both editing-dependent and independent perspectives. In addition, we also summarized the factors affecting the expression and editing activity of ADAR1 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiao
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yuqin Xu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Chengbin Liu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Rui Miao
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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4
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Zhang Y, Lei Y, Dong Y, Chen S, Sun S, Zhou F, Zhao Z, Chen B, Wei L, Chen J, Meng Z. Emerging roles of RNA ac4C modification and NAT10 in mammalian development and human diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 253:108576. [PMID: 38065232 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
RNA ac4C modification is a novel and rare chemical modification observed in mRNA. Traditional biochemical studies had primarily associated ac4C modification with tRNA and rRNA until in 2018, Arango D et al. first reported the presence of ac4C modification on mRNA and demonstrated its critical role in mRNA stability and translation regulation. Furthermore, they established that the ac4C modification on mRNA is mediated by the classical N-acetyltransferase NAT10. Subsequent studies have underscored the essential implications of NAT10 and mRNA ac4C modification across both physiological and pathological regulatory processes. In this review, we aimed to explore the discovery history of RNA ac4C modification, its detection methods, and its regulatory mechanisms in disease and physiological development. We offer a forward-looking examination and discourse concerning the employment of RNA ac4C modification as a prospective therapeutic strategy across diverse diseases. Furthermore, we comprehensively summarize the functions and mechanisms of NAT10 in gene expression regulation and pathogenesis independent of RNA ac4C modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Regulatory Mechanism and Targeted Therapy for Liver Cancer Shiyan Key Laboratory, Hubei rovincial Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Yumei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fange Zhou
- The First Clinical School of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lv Wei
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongji Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Regulatory Mechanism and Targeted Therapy for Liver Cancer Shiyan Key Laboratory, Hubei rovincial Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China.
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5
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Weng S, Yang X, Yu N, Wang PC, Xiong S, Ruan H. Harnessing ADAR-Mediated Site-Specific RNA Editing in Immune-Related Disease: Prediction and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:351. [PMID: 38203521 PMCID: PMC10779106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
ADAR (Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA) proteins are a group of enzymes that play a vital role in RNA editing by converting adenosine to inosine in RNAs. This process is a frequent post-transcriptional event observed in metazoan transcripts. Recent studies indicate widespread dysregulation of ADAR-mediated RNA editing across many immune-related diseases, such as human cancer. We comprehensively review ADARs' function as pattern recognizers and their capability to contribute to mediating immune-related pathways. We also highlight the potential role of site-specific RNA editing in maintaining homeostasis and its relationship to various diseases, such as human cancers. More importantly, we summarize the latest cutting-edge computational approaches and data resources for predicting and analyzing RNA editing sites. Lastly, we cover the recent advancement in site-directed ADAR editing tool development. This review presents an up-to-date overview of ADAR-mediated RNA editing, how site-specific RNA editing could potentially impact disease pathology, and how they could be harnessed for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Weng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.W.); (P.-C.W.)
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.W.); (P.-C.W.)
| | - Nannan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.W.); (P.-C.W.)
| | - Peng-Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.W.); (P.-C.W.)
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.W.); (P.-C.W.)
| | - Hang Ruan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.W.); (P.-C.W.)
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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6
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Ramsoomair CK, Ceccarelli M, Heiss JD, Shah AH. The epitranscriptome of high-grade gliomas: a promising therapeutic target with implications from the tumor microenvironment to endogenous retroviruses. J Transl Med 2023; 21:893. [PMID: 38071304 PMCID: PMC10709919 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) comprises 45.6% of all primary malignant brain cancers and is one of the most common and aggressive intracranial tumors in adults. Intratumoral heterogeneity with a wide range of proteomic, genetic, and epigenetic dysregulation contributes to treatment resistance and poor prognosis, thus demanding novel therapeutic approaches. To date, numerous clinical trials have been developed to target the proteome and epigenome of high-grade gliomas with promising results. However, studying RNA modifications, or RNA epitranscriptomics, is a new frontier within neuro-oncology. RNA epitranscriptomics was discovered in the 1970s, but in the last decade, the extent of modification of mRNA and various non-coding RNAs has emerged and been implicated in transposable element activation and many other oncogenic processes within the tumor microenvironment. This review provides background information and discusses the therapeutic potential of agents modulating epitranscriptomics in high-grade gliomas. A particular emphasis will be placed on how combination therapies that include immune agents targeting hERV-mediated viral mimicry could improve the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K Ramsoomair
- Section of Virology and Immunotherapy, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14Th Terrace, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14Th Terrace, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1550 N.W. 10Th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - John D Heiss
- Surgical Neurology Branch, Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Neurological, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ashish H Shah
- Section of Virology and Immunotherapy, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14Th Terrace, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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7
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Lv D, Zhong C, Dixit D, Yang K, Wu Q, Godugu B, Prager BC, Zhao G, Wang X, Xie Q, Bao S, He C, Heiland DH, Rosenfeld MG, Rich JN. EGFR promotes ALKBH5 nuclear retention to attenuate N6-methyladenosine and protect against ferroptosis in glioblastoma. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4334-4351.e7. [PMID: 37979586 PMCID: PMC10842222 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Growth factor receptors rank among the most important oncogenic pathways, but pharmacologic inhibitors often demonstrate limited benefit as monotherapy. Here, we show that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling repressed N6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), whereas genetic or pharmacologic EGFR targeting elevated m6A levels. Activated EGFR induced non-receptor tyrosine kinase SRC to phosphorylate the m6A demethylase, AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), thereby inhibiting chromosomal maintenance 1 (CRM1)-mediated nuclear export of ALKBH5 to permit sustained mRNA m6A demethylation in the nucleus. ALKBH5 critically regulated ferroptosis through m6A modulation and YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein (YTHDF2)-mediated decay of the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM). Pharmacologic targeting of ALKBH5 augmented the anti-tumor efficacy of EGFR and GCLM inhibitors, supporting an EGFR-ALKBH5-GCLM oncogenic axis. Collectively, EGFR reprograms the epitranscriptomic landscape through nuclear retention of the ALKBH5 demethylase to protect against ferroptosis, offering therapeutic paradigms for the treatment of lethal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguan Lv
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Cuiqing Zhong
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bhaskar Godugu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guofeng Zhao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dieter Henrik Heiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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8
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Wang C, Hou X, Guan Q, Zhou H, Zhou L, Liu L, Liu J, Li F, Li W, Liu H. RNA modification in cardiovascular disease: implications for therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:412. [PMID: 37884527 PMCID: PMC10603151 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world, with a high incidence and a youth-oriented tendency. RNA modification is ubiquitous and indispensable in cell, maintaining cell homeostasis and function by dynamically regulating gene expression. Accumulating evidence has revealed the role of aberrant gene expression in CVD caused by dysregulated RNA modification. In this review, we focus on nine common RNA modifications: N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N7-methylguanosine (m7G), N4-acetylcytosine (ac4C), pseudouridine (Ψ), uridylation, adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, and modifications of U34 on tRNA wobble. We summarize the key regulators of RNA modification and their effects on gene expression, such as RNA splicing, maturation, transport, stability, and translation. Then, based on the classification of CVD, the mechanisms by which the disease occurs and progresses through RNA modifications are discussed. Potential therapeutic strategies, such as gene therapy, are reviewed based on these mechanisms. Herein, some of the CVD (such as stroke and peripheral vascular disease) are not included due to the limited availability of literature. Finally, the prospective applications and challenges of RNA modification in CVD are discussed for the purpose of facilitating clinical translation. Moreover, we look forward to more studies exploring the mechanisms and roles of RNA modification in CVD in the future, as there are substantial uncultivated areas to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuyang Hou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiling Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jijia Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Haidan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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9
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Tang Q, Li L, Wang Y, Wu P, Hou X, Ouyang J, Fan C, Li Z, Wang F, Guo C, Zhou M, Liao Q, Wang H, Xiang B, Jiang W, Li G, Zeng Z, Xiong W. RNA modifications in cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:204-221. [PMID: 37095185 PMCID: PMC10338518 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, more than 170 modifications have been identified on RNA. Among these RNA modifications, various methylations account for two-thirds of total cases and exist on almost all RNAs. Roles of RNA modifications in cancer are garnering increasing interest. The research on m6A RNA methylation in cancer is in full swing at present. However, there are still many other popular RNA modifications involved in the regulation of gene expression post-transcriptionally besides m6A RNA methylation. In this review, we focus on several important RNA modifications including m1A, m5C, m7G, 2'-O-Me, Ψ and A-to-I editing in cancer, which will provide a new perspective on tumourigenesis by peeking into the complex regulatory network of epigenetic RNA modifications, transcript processing, and protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiling Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lvyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pan Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangchan Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiawei Ouyang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weihong Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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10
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Eckerdt F, Platanias LC. Emerging Role of Glioma Stem Cells in Mechanisms of Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3458. [PMID: 37444568 PMCID: PMC10340782 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery at the beginning of this millennium, glioma stem cells (GSCs) have sparked extensive research and an energetic scientific debate about their contribution to glioblastoma (GBM) initiation, progression, relapse, and resistance. Different molecular subtypes of GBM coexist within the same tumor, and they display differential sensitivity to chemotherapy. GSCs contribute to tumor heterogeneity and recapitulate pathway alterations described for the three GBM subtypes found in patients. GSCs show a high degree of plasticity, allowing for interconversion between different molecular GBM subtypes, with distinct proliferative potential, and different degrees of self-renewal and differentiation. This high degree of plasticity permits adaptation to the environmental changes introduced by chemo- and radiation therapy. Evidence from mouse models indicates that GSCs repopulate brain tumors after therapeutic intervention, and due to GSC plasticity, they reconstitute heterogeneity in recurrent tumors. GSCs are also inherently resilient to standard-of-care therapy, and mechanisms of resistance include enhanced DNA damage repair, MGMT promoter demethylation, autophagy, impaired induction of apoptosis, metabolic adaptation, chemoresistance, and immune evasion. The remarkable oncogenic properties of GSCs have inspired considerable interest in better understanding GSC biology and functions, as they might represent attractive targets to advance the currently limited therapeutic options for GBM patients. This has raised expectations for the development of novel targeted therapeutic approaches, including targeting GSC plasticity, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cells, and oncolytic viruses. In this review, we focus on the role of GSCs as drivers of GBM and therapy resistance, and we discuss how insights into GSC biology and plasticity might advance GSC-directed curative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Eckerdt
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Medicine Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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11
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Piperi C, Markouli M, Gargalionis AN, Papavassiliou KA, Papavassiliou AG. Deciphering glioma epitranscriptome: focus on RNA modifications. Oncogene 2023:10.1038/s41388-023-02746-y. [PMID: 37322070 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are highly malignant tumors accounting for the majority of brain neoplasms. They are characterized by nuclear atypia, high mitotic rate and cellular polymorphism that often contributes to aggressiveness and resistance to standard therapy. They often associate with challenging treatment approaches and poor outcomes. New treatment strategies or regimens to improve the efficacy of glioma treatment require a deeper understanding of glioma occurrence and development as well as elucidation of their molecular biological characteristics. Recent studies have revealed RNA modifications as a key regulatory mechanism involved in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, immune regulation, and response to therapy. The present review discusses research advances on several RNA modifications involved in glioma progression and tumor microenvironment (TME) immunoregulation as well as in the development of adaptive drug resistance, summarizing current progress on major RNA modification targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Mariam Markouli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios N Gargalionis
- Department of Biopathology, 'Eginition' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas A Papavassiliou
- First University Department of Respiratory Medicine, 'Sotiria' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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12
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Lu D, Lu J, Liu Q, Zhang Q. Emerging role of the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 in stem cell fate and function. Biomark Res 2023; 11:61. [PMID: 37280687 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are critical for organism development and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Recent studies focusing on RNA editing have indicated how this mark controls stem cell fate and function in both normal and malignant states. RNA editing is mainly mediated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1). The RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 converts adenosine in a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrate into inosine. ADAR1 is a multifunctional protein that regulate physiological processes including embryonic development, cell differentiation, and immune regulation, and even apply to the development of gene editing technologies. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of ADAR1 with a focus on how it can mediate distinct functions in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Targeting ADAR1 has emerged as a potential novel therapeutic strategy in both normal and dysregulated stem cell contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lu
- The Biotherapy Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jianxi Lu
- The Biotherapy Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Qiuli Liu
- The Biotherapy Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- The Biotherapy Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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13
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Wu S, Fan Z, Kim P, Huang L, Zhou X. The Integrative Studies on the Functional A-to-I RNA Editing Events in Human Cancers. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics 2023; 21:619-631. [PMID: 36708807 PMCID: PMC10787018 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, constituting nearly 90% of all RNA editing events in humans, has been reported to contribute to the tumorigenesis in diverse cancers. However, the comprehensive map for functional A-to-I RNA editing events in cancers is still insufficient. To fill this gap, we systematically and intensively analyzed multiple tumorigenic mechanisms of A-to-I RNA editing events in samples across 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas. For individual candidate among ∼ 1,500,000 quantified RNA editing events, we performed diverse types of downstream functional annotations. Finally, we identified 24,236 potentially functional A-to-I RNA editing events, including the cases in APOL1, IGFBP3, GRIA2, BLCAP, and miR-589-3p. These events might play crucial roles in the scenarios of tumorigenesis, due to their tumor-related editing frequencies or probable effects on altered expression profiles, protein functions, splicing patterns, and microRNA regulations of tumor genes. Our functional A-to-I RNA editing events (https://ccsm.uth.edu/CAeditome/) will help better understand the cancer pathology from the A-to-I RNA editing aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Zhiwei Fan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610040, China; Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pora Kim
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Liyu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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14
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Deschenes NM, Cheng C, Ryckman AE, Quinville BM, Khanal P, Mitchell M, Chen Z, Sangrar W, Gray SJ, Walia JS. Biochemical Correction of GM2 Ganglioside Accumulation in AB-Variant GM2 Gangliosidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119217. [PMID: 37298170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
GM2 gangliosidosis is a group of genetic disorders that result in the accumulation of GM2 ganglioside (GM2) in brain cells, leading to progressive central nervous system (CNS) atrophy and premature death in patients. AB-variant GM2 gangliosidosis (ABGM2) arises from loss-of-function mutations in the GM2 activator protein (GM2AP), which is essential for the breakdown of GM2 in a key catabolic pathway required for CNS lipid homeostasis. In this study, we show that intrathecal delivery of self-complementary adeno-associated virus serotype-9 (scAAV9) harbouring a functional human GM2A transgene (scAAV9.hGM2A) can prevent GM2 accumulation in in GM2AP-deficient mice (Gm2a-/- mice). Additionally, scAAV9.hGM2A efficiently distributes to all tested regions of the CNS within 14 weeks post-injection and remains detectable for the lifespan of these animals (up to 104 weeks). Remarkably, GM2AP expression from the transgene scales with increasing doses of scAAV9.hGM2A (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 × 1011 vector genomes (vg) per mouse), and this correlates with dose-dependent correction of GM2 accumulation in the brain. No severe adverse events were observed, and comorbidities in treated mice were comparable to those in disease-free cohorts. Lastly, all doses yielded corrective outcomes. These data indicate that scAAV9.hGM2A treatment is relatively non-toxic and tolerable, and biochemically corrects GM2 accumulation in the CNS-the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with ABGM2. Importantly, these results constitute proof-of-principle for treating ABGM2 with scAAV9.hGM2A by means of a single intrathecal administration and establish a foundation for future preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Deschenes
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Camilyn Cheng
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Alex E Ryckman
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Brianna M Quinville
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Prem Khanal
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Melissa Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Zhilin Chen
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Waheed Sangrar
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Steven J Gray
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jagdeep S Walia
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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15
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Wong TL, Loh JJ, Lu S, Yan HHN, Siu HC, Xi R, Chan D, Kam MJF, Zhou L, Tong M, Copland JA, Chen L, Yun JP, Leung SY, Ma S. ADAR1-mediated RNA editing of SCD1 drives drug resistance and self-renewal in gastric cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2861. [PMID: 37208334 PMCID: PMC10199093 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Targetable drivers governing 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (5FU + CDDP) resistance remain elusive due to the paucity of physiologically and therapeutically relevant models. Here, we establish 5FU + CDDP resistant intestinal subtype GC patient-derived organoid lines. JAK/STAT signaling and its downstream, adenosine deaminases acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), are shown to be concomitantly upregulated in the resistant lines. ADAR1 confers chemoresistance and self-renewal in an RNA editing-dependent manner. WES coupled with RNA-seq identify enrichment of hyper-edited lipid metabolism genes in the resistant lines. Mechanistically, ADAR1-mediated A-to-I editing on 3'UTR of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) increases binding of KH domain-containing, RNA-binding, signal transduction-associated 1 (KHDRBS1), thereby augmenting SCD1 mRNA stability. Consequently, SCD1 facilitates lipid droplet formation to alleviate chemotherapy-induced ER stress and enhances self-renewal through increasing β-catenin expression. Pharmacological inhibition of SCD1 abrogates chemoresistance and tumor-initiating cell frequency. Clinically, high proteomic level of ADAR1 and SCD1, or high SCD1 editing/ADAR1 mRNA signature score predicts a worse prognosis. Together, we unveil a potential target to circumvent chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin-Lok Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Jian Loh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shixun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Helen H N Yan
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hoi Cheong Siu
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ren Xi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dessy Chan
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Max J F Kam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Man Tong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Leilei Chen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing-Ping Yun
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Suet Yi Leung
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- The Jockey Club Centre for Clinical Innovation and Discovery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Hao L, Zhang J, Liu Z, Lin X, Guo J. Epitranscriptomics in the development, functions, and disorders of cancer stem cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1145766. [PMID: 37007137 PMCID: PMC10063963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1145766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular modifications play an important role in the development of life, and previous studies have investigated the role of DNA and proteins. In the last decade, with the development of sequencing technology, the veil of epitranscriptomics has been gradually lifted. Transcriptomics focuses on RNA modifications that affect gene expression at the transcriptional level. With further research, scientists have found that changes in RNA modification proteins are closely linked to cancer tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered powerful drivers of tumorigenesis and key factors for therapeutic resistance. In this article, we focus on describing RNA modifications associated with CSCs and summarize the associated research progress. The aim of this review is to identify new directions for cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Hao
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongshan Liu
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Guo,
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17
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Shi S, Chen S, Wang M, Guo B, He Y, Chen H. Clinical relevance of RNA editing profiles in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1084869. [PMID: 36999050 PMCID: PMC10043753 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1084869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most frequently occurring lung cancer worldwide, with increasing death rates. It belongs to the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) type and has a strong association with previous smoking history. Growing evidence has demonstrated the significance of adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing (ATIRE) dysregulation in cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate ATIRE events that might be clinically useful or tumorigenic.Methods: To explore survival-related ATIRE events in LUAD, its ATIRE profiles, gene expression data, and corresponding patients’ clinical information were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the synapse database. We evaluated 10441 ATIRE in 440 LUAD patients from the TCGA database. ATIRE profiles were merged with TCGA survival data. We selected prognostic ATIRE sites, using a univariate Cox analysis (p < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression and lasso regression analysis were used to determine survival-related ATIRE sites, create risk ratings for those sites, and build a prognostic model and a nomogram for assessing overall survival (OS). Six ATIRE sites were used in the prognostic model construction and patients were randomly divided into a validation cohort (n = 176) and a training cohort (n = 264). The “Pheatmap” program was used to create risk curves that included risk score, survival time, and expression of ATIRE sites. We also determined the clinical prediction model’s discrimination. The decision curve analysis and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year corrective curves were simultaneously used to evaluate the nomogram. We also evaluated the relationship between the amount of ATIRE sites and host gene expression and the impact of ATIRE expression on transcriptome expression.Results: The pyroglutamyl-peptidase I (PGPEP1) chr19:18476416A > I, ankyrin repeat domain 36B pseudogene 1 (ANKRD36BP1) (dist = 3,795), T-box transcription factor (TBX19) (dist = 29815) chr1:168220463A > I, Syntrophin Beta 2 (SNTB2) chr16:69338598A > I, hook microtubule-tethering protein 3 (HOOK3) chr8:42883441A > I, NADH dehydrogenase flavoprotein 3 (NDUFV3) chr21:44329452A > I, and FK506-binding protein 11 (FKBP11) chr12:49316769A > I were used in the prognostic model construction. High levels of risk score were significantly associated with worse OS and progression-free survival. Tumour stage and risk score were related to OS in LUAD patients. The predictors were among the prognostic nomogram model’s risk score, age, gender, and tumor stage. The calibration plot and C-index (0.718) demonstrated the significant accuracy of nomogram’s predictions. ATIRE level was markedly elevated in tumor tissues and was highly variable between patients.Conclusion: Events involving ATIRE in LUAD were highly functional and clinically relevant. The RNA editing-based model provides a solid framework for further investigation of the functions of RNA editing in non-coding areas and may be used as a unique method for predicting LUAD survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Shi
- The Respiratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shibin Chen
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Menghang Wang
- The Respiratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bingchen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yaowu He
- The Respiratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hong Chen
- The Respiratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Chen,
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18
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Liu X, Guo Q, Gao G, Cao Z, Guan Z, Jia B, Wang W, Zhang K, Zhang W, Wang S, Li W, Hao Q, Zhang Y, Li M, Zhang W, Gu J. Exosome-transmitted circCABIN1 promotes temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma via sustaining ErbB downstream signaling. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:45. [PMID: 36755314 PMCID: PMC9906870 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01801-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although temozolomide (TMZ) provides significant clinical benefit for glioblastoma (GBM), responses are limited by the emergence of acquired resistance. Here, we demonstrate that exosomal circCABIN1 secreted from TMZ-resistant cells was packaged into exosomes and then disseminated TMZ resistance of receipt cells. CircCABIN1 could be cyclized by eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (EIF4A3) and is highly expressed in GBM tissues and glioma stem cells (GSCs). CircCABIN1 is required for the self-renewal maintenance of GSCs to initiate acquired resistance. Mechanistically, circCABIN1 regulated the expression of olfactomedin-like 3 (OLFML3) by sponging miR-637. Moreover, upregulation of OLFML3 activating the ErbB signaling pathway and ultimately contributing to stemness reprogramming and TMZ resistance. Treatment of GBM orthotopic mice xenografts with engineered exosomes targeting circCABIN1 and OLFML3 provided prominent targetability and had significantly improved antitumor activity of TMZ. In summary, our work proposed a novel mechanism for drug resistance transmission in GBM and provided evidence that engineered exosomes are a promising clinical tool for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China ,grid.417295.c0000 0004 1799 374XDepartment of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Qingdong Guo
- grid.417295.c0000 0004 1799 374XDepartment of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Guangxun Gao
- grid.417295.c0000 0004 1799 374XDepartment of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhengcong Cao
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhihao Guan
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bo Jia
- grid.417295.c0000 0004 1799 374XDepartment of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Weizhong Wang
- grid.417295.c0000 0004 1799 374XDepartment of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wangqian Zhang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuning Wang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weina Li
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yingqi Zhang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meng Li
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jintao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Cerneckis J, Cui Q, Liu W, Shi Y. RNA Modifications in Cancer Stem Cell Biology. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 190:25-47. [PMID: 38112998 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45654-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression shapes the cell state both in health and disease. RNA modifications-especially N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-have recently emerged as key players in RNA processing that depends on a sophisticated interplay between proteins of the RNA modification machinery. Importantly, the RNA epitranscriptome becomes dysregulated in cancer and promotes cancer-associated gene expression programs as well as cancer cell adaptation to the tumor microenvironment. At the top of the tumor hierarchy, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are master regulators of tumorigenesis and resistance to therapeutic intervention. Therefore, defining how RNA modifications influence the CSC state is of great importance for cancer drug development. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge of the roles of RNA modifications in shaping the CSC state and driving gene expression programs that confer stem-like properties to CSCs, promote CSC adaptation to the local microenvironment, and endow CSCs with metastatic potential and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cerneckis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Qi Cui
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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Yang J, Han L, Sha Y, Jin Y, Li Z, Gong B, Li J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhao Q. A novel ganglioside-related risk signature can reveal the distinct immune landscape of neuroblastoma and predict the immunotherapeutic response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1061814. [PMID: 36605200 PMCID: PMC9807785 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1061814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gangliosides play an essential role in cancer development and progression. However, the involvement of gangliosides in the prognosis and tumor microenvironment (TME) of neuroblastoma is not entirely understood. Methods Consensus clustering analysis was performed to identify ganglioside-mediated molecular subtypes. LASSO-Cox analysis was conducted to identify independent prognostic genes, and a novel risk signature was constructed. The risk signature was validated internally and externally. We further explored the independent prognosis value, immune landscape, drug susceptibility, and tumor dedifferentiation of the risk signature. The role of the signature gene B3GALT4 in neuroblastoma was explored in vitro. Results Seventeen ganglioside-related genes were differentially expressed between INSS stage 4 and other stages, and two ganglioside-related clusters with distinct prognoses were identified. A novel risk signature integrating ten ganglioside-related prognostic genes was established. Across the train set and external validation sets, the risk signature presented high predictive accuracy and discrimination. The risk signature was an independent prognostic factor and constructed a nomogram combining multiple clinical characteristics. In the high-score group, the deficiency in antigen processing and presenting machinery, lack of immune cell infiltration, and escaping NK cells contributed substantially to immune escape. The low-score group was more responsive to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, while the high-score group showed substantial sensitivity to multiple chemotherapeutic drugs. Besides, the risk score was significantly positively correlated with the stemness index and reduced considerably in all-trans retinoic acid-treated neuroblastoma cell lines, indicating high dedifferentiation in the high-score group. Additionally, neuroblastoma cells with downregulation of B3GALT4 present with increased proliferation, invasion, and metastasis abilities in vitro. Conclusion The novel ganglioside-related risk signature highlights the role of ganglioside in neuroblastoma prognosis and immune landscape and helps optimize chemotherapy and immunotherapy for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Yang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongliang Sha
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongyuan Li
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Baocheng Gong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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Hussein D, Alsereihi R, Salwati AAA, Algehani R, Alhowity A, Al-Hejin AM, Schulten HJ, Baeesa S, Bangash M, Alghamdi F, Cross R, Al Zughaibi T, Saka M, Chaudhary A, Abuzenadah A. The anterior gradient homologue 2 (AGR2) co-localises with the glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in cancer stem cells, and is critical for the survival and drug resistance of recurrent glioblastoma: in situ and in vitro analyses. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:387. [PMID: 36482387 PMCID: PMC9730595 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas (GBs) are characterised as one of the most aggressive primary central nervous system tumours (CNSTs). Single-cell sequencing analysis identified the presence of a highly heterogeneous population of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The proteins anterior gradient homologue 2 (AGR2) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) are known to play critical roles in regulating unfolded protein response (UPR) machinery. The UPR machinery influences cell survival, migration, invasion and drug resistance. Hence, we investigated the role of AGR2 in drug-resistant recurrent glioblastoma cells. METHODS Immunofluorescence, biological assessments and whole exome sequencing analyses were completed under in situ and in vitro conditions. Cells were treated with CNSTs clinical/preclinical drugs taxol, cisplatin, irinotecan, MCK8866, etoposide, and temozolomide, then resistant cells were analysed for the expression of AGR2. AGR2 was repressed using single and double siRNA transfections and combined with either temozolomide or irinotecan. RESULTS Genomic and biological characterisations of the AGR2-expressed Jed66_GB and Jed41_GB recurrent glioblastoma tissues and cell lines showed features consistent with glioblastoma. Immunofluorescence data indicated that AGR2 co-localised with the UPR marker GRP78 in both the tissue and their corresponding primary cell lines. AGR2 and GRP78 were highly expressed in glioblastoma CSCs. Following treatment with the aforementioned drugs, all drug-surviving cells showed high expression of AGR2. Prolonged siRNA repression of a particular region in AGR2 exon 2 reduced AGR2 protein expression and led to lower cell densities in both cell lines. Co-treatments using AGR2 exon 2B siRNA in conjunction with temozolomide or irinotecan had partially synergistic effects. The slight reduction of AGR2 expression increased nuclear Caspase-3 activation in both cell lines and caused multinucleation in the Jed66_GB cell line. CONCLUSIONS AGR2 is highly expressed in UPR-active CSCs and drug-resistant GB cells, and its repression leads to apoptosis, via multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deema Hussein
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alsereihi
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 80203, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia ,College of Health Sciences, Al-Rayan Colleges, 41411, Madinah AL-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulla Ahmed A. Salwati
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rinad Algehani
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Alazouf Alhowity
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Al-Hejin
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 80203, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Baeesa
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bangash
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alghamdi
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Richard Cross
- grid.48815.300000 0001 2153 2936School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Emerging Technologies Research Centre (EMTERC), De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH UK
| | - Torki Al Zughaibi
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Saka
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel Chaudhary
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abuzenadah
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
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22
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Morelli MB, Nabissi M, Amantini C, Maggi F, Ricci-Vitiani L, Pallini R, Santoni G. TRPML2 Mucolipin Channels Drive the Response of Glioma Stem Cells to Temozolomide and Affect the Overall Survival in Glioblastoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315356. [PMID: 36499683 PMCID: PMC9738251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) is poor. The main cause is the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs), exceptionally resistant to temozolomide (TMZ) treatment. This last may be related to the heterogeneous expression of ion channels, among them TRPML2. Its mRNA expression was evaluated in two different neural stem cell (NS/PC) lines and sixteen GBM stem-like cells by qRT-PCR. The response to TMZ was evaluated in undifferentiated or differentiated GSCs, and in TRPML2-induced or silenced GSCs. The relationship between TRPML2 expression and responsiveness to TMZ treatment was evaluated by MTT assay showing that increased TRPML2 mRNA levels are associated with resistance to TMZ. This research was deepened by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT pathways as well as ABC and SLC drug transporters were involved. Finally, the relationship between TRPML2 expression and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patient-derived GSCs was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The expression of TRPML2 mRNA correlates with worse OS and PFS in GBM patients. Thus, the expression of TRPML2 in GSCs influences the responsiveness to TMZ in vitro and affects OS and PFS in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.M.); (G.S.); Tel.: +39-0737403312 (M.B.M.); +39-0737403319 (G.S.)
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Federica Maggi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Scientific Hospitalization and Care Institute (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.M.); (G.S.); Tel.: +39-0737403312 (M.B.M.); +39-0737403319 (G.S.)
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23
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Yang Z, Zhang S, Xia T, Fan Y, Shan Y, Zhang K, Xiong J, Gu M, You B. RNA Modifications Meet Tumors. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:3223-3243. [PMID: 36444355 PMCID: PMC9700476 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s391067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications occur through the whole process of gene expression regulation, including transcription, translation, and post-translational processes. They are closely associated with gene expression, RNA stability, and cell cycle. RNA modifications in tumor cells play a vital role in tumor development and metastasis, changes in the tumor microenvironment, drug resistance in tumors, construction of tumor cell-cell "internet", etc. Several types of RNA modifications have been identified to date and have various effects on the biological characteristics of different tumors. In this review, we discussed the function of RNA modifications, including N 6-methyladenine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N 7-methyladenosine (m7G), N 1-methyladenosine (m1A), pseudouridine (Ψ), and adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I), in the microenvironment and therapy of solid and liquid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Shan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo You
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of China
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Yan Y, Wei W, Long S, Ye S, Yang B, Jiang J, Li X, Chen J. The role of RNA modification in the generation of acquired drug resistance in glioma. Front Genet 2022; 13:1032286. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1032286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in the central nervous system. The clinical treatment strategy is mainly surgery combined with concurrent temozolomide chemotherapy, but patients can develop drug resistance during treatment, which severely limits its therapeutic efficacy. Epigenetic regulation at the RNA level is plastic and adaptable, and it can induce a variety of tumor responses to drugs. The regulators of RNA modification include methyltransferases, demethylases, and methylation binding proteins; these are also considered to play an important role in the development, prognosis, and therapeutic response of gliomas, which provides a basis for finding new targets of epigenetic drugs and resetting the sensitivity of tumor cells to temozolomide. This review discusses the relationship between the development of adaptive drug resistance and RNA modification in glioma and summarizes the progress of several major RNA modification strategies in this field, especially RNA m6A modification, m5C modification, and adenosine-to-inosine editing.
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25
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Chan JJ, Tabatabaeian H, Tay Y. 3′UTR heterogeneity and cancer progression. Trends Cell Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cui L, Ma R, Cai J, Guo C, Chen Z, Yao L, Wang Y, Fan R, Wang X, Shi Y. RNA modifications: importance in immune cell biology and related diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:334. [PMID: 36138023 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications have become hot topics recently. By influencing RNA processes, including generation, transportation, function, and metabolization, they act as critical regulators of cell biology. The immune cell abnormality in human diseases is also a research focus and progressing rapidly these years. Studies have demonstrated that RNA modifications participate in the multiple biological processes of immune cells, including development, differentiation, activation, migration, and polarization, thereby modulating the immune responses and are involved in some immune related diseases. In this review, we present existing knowledge of the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of RNA modifications, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), N7-methylguanosine (m7G), N4-acetylcytosine (ac4C), pseudouridine (Ψ), uridylation, and adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, and summarize their critical roles in immune cell biology. Via regulating the biological processes of immune cells, RNA modifications can participate in the pathogenesis of immune related diseases, such as cancers, infection, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We further highlight the challenges and future directions based on the existing knowledge. All in all, this review will provide helpful knowledge as well as novel ideas for the researchers in this area.
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Cifola I, Fratini F, Cardinali B, Palmieri V, Gatti G, Selmi T, Donzelli S, Sacconi A, Cesarini V, Marei HE, Papi M, Blandino G, Cenciarelli C, Falcone G, D’agnano I. miRNome and Proteome Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines and Primary Cancer Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1886. [PMID: 36009432 PMCID: PMC9405730 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults. Despite available therapeutic interventions, it is very difficult to treat, and a cure is not yet available. The intra-tumoral GBM heterogeneity is a crucial factor contributing to poor clinical outcomes. GBM derives from a small heterogeneous population of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In cancer tissue, CSCs are concentrated within the so-called niches, where they progress from a slowly proliferating phase. CSCs, as most tumor cells, release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the surrounding microenvironment. To explore the role of EVs in CSCs and GBM tumor cells, we investigated the miRNA and protein content of the small EVs (sEVs) secreted by two GBM-established cell lines and by GBM primary CSCs using omics analysis. Our data indicate that GBM-sEVs are selectively enriched for miRNAs that are known to display tumor suppressor activity, while their protein cargo is enriched for oncoproteins and tumor-associated proteins. Conversely, among the most up-regulated miRNAs in CSC-sEVs, we also found pro-tumor miRNAs and proteins related to stemness, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Collectively, our findings support the hypothesis that sEVs selectively incorporate different miRNAs and proteins belonging both to fundamental processes (e.g., cell proliferation, cell death, stemness) as well as to more specialized ones (e.g., EMT, membrane docking, cell junction organization, ncRNA processing).
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