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Zhu W, Li M, Wang Q, Shen J, Ji J. Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals functional alterations of the peripheral immune system in colorectal cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024:100784. [PMID: 38735538 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by high morbidity, high mortality, and limited response to immunotherapies. The peripheral immune system is an important component of tumor immunity, and enhancements of peripheral immunity help to suppress tumor progression. However, the functional alterations of the peripheral immune system in CRC are unclear. Here, we used mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics to establish a protein expression atlas for the peripheral immune system in CRC, including plasma and five types of immune cells (CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, and B cells). Synthesizing the results of the multidimensional analysis, we observed an enhanced inflammatory phenotype in CRC, including elevated expression of plasma inflammatory proteins, activation of the inflammatory pathway in monocytes, and increased inflammation-related ligand-receptor interactions. Notably, we observed tumor effects on peripheral T cells, including altered cell subpopulation ratios and suppression of cell function. Suppression of CD4+ T cell function is mainly mediated by high expression levels of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Among them, the expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J (PTPRJ) gradually increased with CRC progression; knockdown of PTPRJ in vitro could promote T cell activation, thereby enhancing peripheral immunity. We also found that the combination of leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) and apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) had the best predictive ability for colorectal cancer and has the potential to be a biomarker. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the peripheral immune system in CRC. It also offers insights regarding the potential clinical utilities of these peripheral immune characteristics as diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Minzhe Li
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian Shen
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianguo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Kľoc D, Kurhajec S, Huniadi M, Sýkora J, Guman T, Šarišský M. SLAM Family Receptors in B Cell Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4014. [PMID: 38612827 PMCID: PMC11012012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) receptor family (SLAMF) consists of nine glycoproteins that belong to the CD2 superfamily of immunoglobulin (Ig) domain-containing molecules. SLAMF receptors modulate the differentiation and activation of a wide range of immune cells. Individual SLAMF receptors are expressed on the surface of hematopoietic stem cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells, B cells, T cells, NK cells, NKT cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and platelets. The expression of SLAMF receptors was studied during normal B cell maturation. Several SLAMF receptors were also detected in cancer cell lines of B-lymphoid origin and in pathological B cells from patients with B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (B-CLPD), the most frequent hematological malignancies in adults. This review summarizes current knowledge on the expression of SLAMF receptors and their adaptor proteins SAP and EAT-2 in B-CLPD. Several SLAMF receptors could be regarded as potential diagnostic and differential diagnostic markers, prognostic factors, and targets for the development of novel drugs for patients with B-CLPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kľoc
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia; (D.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Slavomír Kurhajec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy, and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Mykhailo Huniadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia; (D.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Ján Sýkora
- Department of Haematology and Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice and Louis Pasteur University Hospital Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia; (J.S.); (T.G.)
| | - Tomáš Guman
- Department of Haematology and Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice and Louis Pasteur University Hospital Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia; (J.S.); (T.G.)
| | - Marek Šarišský
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia; (D.K.); (M.H.)
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Zhang J, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Foda MF, Cai K, Liu Q, Jia F, Wang H, Xu F, Han H, Liang H. Natural bioactive lysosomes extracted from multiple cells for tumor therapy. Biomaterials 2024; 304:122430. [PMID: 38100907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of biological origin exhibit many unique properties in biological applications due to their exquisite structure, specific composition, and natural biological functionality. In this study, we obtained lysosomes from three distinct cell types (one normal cell and two activated immune cells) and demonstrated their potential as natural therapeutic nanoparticles for tumor therapy. In vitro experiments revealed that these lysosomes maintained their structural integrity, were well-distributed, and exhibited significant biological activity, which effectively induced cancer cell death by generating ROS and disrupting biological substrates. Additionally, in vivo investigations showed that these lysosomes could accumulate in tumor tissues after intravenous administration and exhibited exceptional therapeutic effects through the destruction of tumor blood vessels and the degradation of immunosuppressive proteins, with complete tumor disappearance in a single treatment. This research on the utilization of bioactive lysosomes for tumor treatment provides valuable insights into drug development and tumor treatment, particularly when conventional approaches have proven ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Quan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Mohamed F Foda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
| | - Kai Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fan Jia
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Heyou Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Huageng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China; Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
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Vom Stein AF, Hallek M, Nguyen PH. Role of the tumor microenvironment in CLL pathogenesis. Semin Hematol 2023:S0037-1963(23)00098-7. [PMID: 38220499 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells extensively interact with and depend on their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME encompasses a heterogeneous array of cell types, soluble signals, and extracellular vesicles, which contribute significantly to CLL pathogenesis. CLL cells and the TME cooperatively generate a chronic inflammatory milieu, which reciprocally reprograms the TME and activates a signaling network within CLL cells, promoting their survival and proliferation. Additionally, the inflammatory milieu exerts chemotactic effects, attracting CLL cells and other immune cells to the lymphoid tissues. The intricate CLL-TME interactions also facilitate immune evasion and compromise leukemic cell surveillance. We also review recent advances that have shed light on additional aspects that are substantially influenced by the CLL-TME interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F Vom Stein
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne; CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Hallek
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne; CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - Phuong-Hien Nguyen
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne; CECAD Center of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany.
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5
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Cao H, Wu T, Zhou X, Xie S, Sun H, Sun Y, Li Y. Progress of research on PD-1/PD-L1 in leukemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1265299. [PMID: 37822924 PMCID: PMC10562551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia cells prevent immune system from clearing tumor cells by inducing the immunosuppression of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. In recent years, further understanding of the BM microenvironment and immune landscape of leukemia has resulted in the introduction of several immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors, T-cell engager, antibody drug conjugates, and cellular therapies in clinical trials. Among them, the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis is a significant checkpoint for controlling immune responses, the PD-1 receptor on tumor-infiltrating T cells is bound by PD-L1 on leukemia cells. Consequently, the activation of tumor reactive T cells is inhibited and their apoptosis is promoted, preventing the rejection of the tumor by immune system and thus resulting in the occurrence of immune tolerance. The PD-1/PD-L1 axis serves as a significant mechanism by which tumor cells evade immune surveillance, and PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of lymphomas and varieties of solid tumors. However, the development of drugs targeting PD-1/PD-L1 in leukemia remains in the clinical-trial stage. In this review, we tally up the basic research and clinical trials on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in leukemia, as well as discuss the relevant toxicity and impacts of PD-1/PD-L1 on other immunotherapies such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, bi-specific T-cell engager, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Tianyu Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Shuyang Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hongfang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yunxiao Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Youjie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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6
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Ortega MC, Lebrón-Galán R, Machín-Díaz I, Naughton M, Pérez-Molina I, García-Arocha J, Garcia-Dominguez JM, Goicoechea-Briceño H, Vila-Del Sol V, Quintanero-Casero V, García-Montero R, Galán V, Calahorra L, Camacho-Toledano C, Martínez-Ginés ML, Fitzgerald DC, Clemente D. Central and peripheral myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like cells are closely related to the clinical severity of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:263-282. [PMID: 37243699 PMCID: PMC10329064 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly heterogeneous demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that needs for reliable biomarkers to foresee disease severity. Recently, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as an immune cell population with an important role in MS. The monocytic-MDSCs (M-MDSCs) share the phenotype with Ly-6Chi-cells in the MS animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and have been retrospectively related to the severity of the clinical course in the EAE. However, no data are available about the presence of M-MDSCs in the CNS of MS patients or its relation with the future disease aggressiveness. In this work, we show for the first time cells exhibiting all the bona-fide phenotypical markers of M-MDSCs associated with MS lesions, whose abundance in these areas appears to be directly correlated with longer disease duration in primary progressive MS patients. Moreover, we show that blood immunosuppressive Ly-6Chi-cells are strongly related to the future severity of EAE disease course. We found that a higher abundance of Ly-6Chi-cells at the onset of the EAE clinical course is associated with a milder disease course and less tissue damage. In parallel, we determined that the abundance of M-MDSCs in blood samples from untreated MS patients at their first relapse is inversely correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at baseline and after a 1-year follow-up. In summary, our data point to M-MDSC load as a factor to be considered for future studies focused on the prediction of disease severity in EAE and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cristina Ortega
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda" s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, c/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Lebrón-Galán
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda" s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Isabel Machín-Díaz
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda" s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, c/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michelle Naughton
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Inmaculada Pérez-Molina
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Av. del Río Guadiana, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jennifer García-Arocha
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda" s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Dominguez
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle del Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Haydee Goicoechea-Briceño
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle del Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Vila-Del Sol
- Servicio de Citometría de Flujo, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda" s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Víctor Quintanero-Casero
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda" s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Rosa García-Montero
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Av. del Río Guadiana, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Victoria Galán
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Av. del Río Guadiana, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Leticia Calahorra
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda" s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Celia Camacho-Toledano
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda" s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, c/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Martínez-Ginés
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle del Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Denise C Fitzgerald
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Diego Clemente
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda" s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, c/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Farhangnia P, Ghomi SM, Mollazadehghomi S, Nickho H, Akbarpour M, Delbandi AA. SLAM-family receptors come of age as a potential molecular target in cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1174138. [PMID: 37251372 PMCID: PMC10213746 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1174138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family receptors were discovered in immune cells for the first time. The SLAM-family receptors are a significant player in cytotoxicity, humoral immune responses, autoimmune diseases, lymphocyte development, cell survival, and cell adhesion. There is growing evidence that SLAM-family receptors have been involved in cancer progression and heralded as a novel immune checkpoint on T cells. Previous studies have reported the role of SLAMs in tumor immunity in various cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, pancreas, lung, and melanoma. Evidence has deciphered that the SLAM-family receptors may be targeted for cancer immunotherapy. However, our understanding in this regard is not complete. This review will discuss the role of SLAM-family receptors in cancer immunotherapy. It will also provide an update on recent advances in SLAM-based targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Farhangnia
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamim Mollazadeh Ghomi
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Mollazadehghomi
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Nickho
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahzad Akbarpour
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Cellular Therapeutics Facility (ACTF), Hematopoietic Cellular Therapy Program, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ali-Akbar Delbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Han X, Han L, Wang T, Hu J, Li L, Ding Z, Shi X, Qian X. SLAMF8, a potential new immune checkpoint molecule, is associated with the prognosis of colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2023; 31:101654. [PMID: 36931016 PMCID: PMC10036734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), have revolutionized the treatment of malignant tumors. Therefore, the number of studies aiming to screen and identify new immune checkpoint molecules for antitumor immunotherapy is increasing. Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family members are mainly expressed by and regulate the functions of immune cells. Recent studies have shown that several SLAM family members are involved in the regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment and are promising targets for antitumor immunotherapy. Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 8 (SLAMF8) is a type I cell surface glycoprotein and is encoded on chromosome 1q21. To further illustrate the clinical value of SLAMF8 in colorectal cancer (CRC), we retrospectively analyzed the relationship between SLAMF8 expression and the prognosis of CRC patients and the associations between SLAMF8 expression and the expression levels of other SLAM family members and other classic immune checkpoint molecules using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, RNA sequencing data, tissue immunohistochemistry staining, and systematic follow-up analysis. Here, high SLAMF8 expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) in CRC. The mRNA expression level of SLAMF8 was positively correlated with the expression levels of multiple classic immune checkpoints and other SLAM family members. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis suggested that the pathways enriched in CRC tissues with high SLAMF8 expression were associated with the regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xingzhi Han
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lu Han
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Li Li
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhou Ding
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaoping Qian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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9
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Zhao Z, Grégoire C, Oliveira B, Chung K, Melenhorst JJ. Challenges and opportunities of CAR T cell therapies for CLL. Semin Hematol 2023; 60:25-33. [PMID: 37080707 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have transformed the treatment landscape of blood cancers. These engineered receptors which endow T cells with antibody-like target cell recognition combined with the typical T cell target cell lysis abilities. Introduced into the clinic in the 2010s, CAR T-cells have shown efficacy in chronic B lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but a majority of patients do not achieve sustained remission. Here we discuss the current treatment landscape in CLL using small molecules and allogeneic stem cell transplantation, the niche CAR T-cells filled in this context, and what we have learned from biomarker and mechanistic studies. Several product parameters and improvements are introduced as examples of how the bedside-to-bench is translated into improved CAR T-cells for CLL. We hope to convey to our readers the crucial role translational medicine plays in transforming the treatment outcomes for patients with CLL and how this line of research is an essential component of modern medicine.
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10
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Yan Y, Wang S, Lin C. BCL11B Upregulates the Expression of RelA in T Cells Stimulated with Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 174:259-264. [PMID: 36602602 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We explored the potential link between RelA and BCL11B transcription factors. To this end, Jurkat and Raji cells (Jurkat:Raji 10:1), as well as normal human peripheral blood T cells, were activated by staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and the expressions of both BCL11B and RelA mRNA and proteins were detected. BCL11B small interfering RNA was then transduced into Jurkat cells. Under the effect of SEA stimulation, the expression of BCL11B and RelA mRNA increased in two types of T cell lines over time, and the results were comparable with the levels of expression of BCL11B and RelA proteins. In the BCL11B-knockdown cells, the expression of RelA protein did not increase. These findings suggest that BCL11B regulates RelA expression in Jurkat cells and human peripheral blood T cells from healthy donors via the T-cell receptor signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research & National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - S Wang
- Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - C Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Oumeslakht L, Aziz AI, Bensussan A, Ben Mkaddem S. CD160 receptor in CLL: Current state and future avenues. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1028013. [PMID: 36420268 PMCID: PMC9676924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD160 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface glycoprotein expressed on cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells and T-cell subsets. It plays a crucial role in the activation of NK-cell cytotoxicity and cytokine production. It also modulates the immune system and is involved in some pathologies, such as cancer. CD160 is abnormally expressed in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) but not expressed in normal B lymphocytes. Its expression in CLL enhances tumor cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. CD160 is also a potential prognostic marker for the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in CLL, which is important for the clinical management of CLL, the prevention of disease relapse, and the achievement of complete remission. In this review, we present an overview of CD160 and its involvement in the pathophysiology of CLL. We also discuss its use as a prognostic marker for the assessment of MRD in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Oumeslakht
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Abdel-ilah Aziz
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Armand Bensussan
- INSERM U976, Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
- Institut Jean Godinot, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Reims, France
| | - Sanae Ben Mkaddem
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
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12
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David K, Friedlander G, Pellegrino B, Radomir L, Lewinsky H, Leng L, Bucala R, Becker-Herman S, Shachar I. CD74 as a regulator of transcription in normal B cells. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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13
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Shen Q, He Y, Qian J, Wang X. Identifying tumor immunity-associated molecular features in liver hepatocellular carcinoma by multi-omics analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:960457. [PMID: 36339710 PMCID: PMC9632276 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.960457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although current immunotherapies have achieved some successes for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, their benefits are limited for most HCC patients. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers for promoting immunotherapeutic responses in HCC is urgently needed. Methods: Using the TCGA HCC cohort, we investigated correlations of various molecular features with antitumor immune signatures (CD8+ T cell infiltration and cytolytic activity) and an immunosuppressive signature (PD-L1 expression) in HCC. These molecular features included mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), proteins, and pathways. Results: We found that the mutations of several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes significantly correlated with reduced antitumor immune signatures, including TTN, CTNNB1, RB1, ZFHX4, and TP53. It indicates that these genes’ mutations may inhibit antitumor immune responses in HCC. Four proteins (Syk, Lck, STAT5, and Caspase-7) had significant positive expression correlations with CD8+ T cell enrichment, cytolytic activity, and PD-L1 expression in HCC. It suggests that these proteins’ expression could be useful biomarkers for the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors Similiarly, we identified other types of biomarkers potentially useful for predicting the response to ICIs, including miRNAs (hsa-miR-511-5p, 150-3p, 342-3p, 181a-3p, 625-5p, 4772-3p, 155-3p, 142-5p, 142-3p, 155-5p, 625-3p, 1976, 7702), many lncRNAs, and pathways (apoptosis, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Jak-STAT signaling, MAPK signaling, PI3K-AKT signaling, HIF-1 signaling, ECM receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and estrogen signaling). Further, tumor mutation burden showed no significant correlation with antitumor immunity, while tumor aneuploidy levels showed a significant negative correlation with antitumor immunity. Conclusion: The molecular features significantly associated with HCC immunity could be predictive biomarkers for immunotherapeutic responses in HCC patients. They could also be potential intervention targets for boosting antitumor immunity and immunotherapeutic responses in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin He
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajie Qian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaosheng Wang,
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14
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Wang Y, Xu L, Zhao W, Chen X, Wen L, Duan W, Yu X, De Zhou F, Liu Y, Hao J, Huang X, Lu J, Ge Q. T cell landscape and dynamics in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis before and after daratumumab-based therapy. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e582. [PMID: 34845849 PMCID: PMC8630449 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid light-chain (AL) is characterized by the presence of small, poorly proliferating plasma cell clones with the production and deposition of light chains into tissues. T cell changes within the tumour microenvironment in AL are poorly understood. By sequencing at a single-cell level of CD3+ T cells purified from bone marrow (BM) and blood of newly diagnosed AL patients before and after a combination of daratumumab with cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (Dara-BCD), we analysed the transcriptomic features of T cells and found an expansion, activation and type I cytokine upregulation in BM and circulating T cells after the treatment. More prominent changes were shown in CD8+ T cells. In particular, we found the presence of CD8+ BM resident memory T cells (TRM ) with high expression of inhibitory molecules in AL patients at diagnosis. After Dara-BCD, these TRM cells were quickly activated with downregulation of suppressive molecules and upregulation of IFNG expression. These data collectively demonstrate that Dara-based therapy in patients with AL amyloidosis promotes anti-tumour T cell responses. The similar transcriptomic features of BM and circulating T cells before and after therapy further provide a less invasive approach for molecular monitoring of T cell response in AL amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wang
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University. NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University)BeijingChina
| | - Lushuang Xu
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University. NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University)BeijingChina
| | - Weijia Zhao
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University. NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University)BeijingChina
| | | | - Lei Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationPeking University People's Hospital & Institute of HematologyBeijingChina
| | - Wenbing Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationPeking University People's Hospital & Institute of HematologyBeijingChina
| | - Xiao‐Juan Yu
- Renal DivisionDepartment of MedicineInstitute of NephrologyPeking University First Hospital, & Renal Pathology CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Renal Pathology CenterInstitute of NephrologyPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Renal DiseaseMinistry of Health of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and TreatmentMinistry of Education of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Fu‐ De Zhou
- Renal DivisionDepartment of MedicineInstitute of NephrologyPeking University First Hospital, & Renal Pathology CenterPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Renal Pathology CenterInstitute of NephrologyPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Renal DiseaseMinistry of Health of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and TreatmentMinistry of Education of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationPeking University People's Hospital & Institute of HematologyBeijingChina
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University. NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University)BeijingChina
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationPeking University People's Hospital & Institute of HematologyBeijingChina
| | - Jin Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationPeking University People's Hospital & Institute of HematologyBeijingChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center of HaematologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Qing Ge
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University. NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University)BeijingChina
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western MedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors EngineeringChina Astronauts Research and Training CenterBeijingChina
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15
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da Silva MC, Medeiros FS, da Silva NCH, Paiva LA, Gomes FODS, Costa E Silva M, Gomes TT, Peixoto CA, Rygaard MCV, Menezes MLB, Welkovic S, Donadi EA, Lucena-Silva N. Increased PD-1 Level in Severe Cervical Injury Is Associated With the Rare Programmed Cell Death 1 ( PDCD1) rs36084323 A Allele in a Dominant Model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:587932. [PMID: 34290992 PMCID: PMC8288189 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.587932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) has developed mechanisms for evasion of the immune system, favoring the persistence of the infection. The chronic inflammation further contributes to the progression of tissue injury to cervical cancer. The programmed cell death protein (PD-1) after contacting with its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) exerts an inhibitory effect on the cellular immune response, maintaining the balance between activation, tolerance, and immune cell-dependent lesion. We evaluated 295 patients exhibiting or not HPV infection, stratified according to the location (injured and adjacent non-injured areas) and severity of the lesion (benign, pre-malignant lesions). Additionally, we investigated the role of the promoter region PDCD1 -606G>A polymorphism (rs36084323) on the studied variables. PD-1 and PDCD1 expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and qPCR, respectively, and the PDCD1 polymorphism was evaluated by nucleotide sequencing. Irrespective of the severity of the lesion, PD-1 levels were increased compared to adjacent uninjured areas. Additionally, in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, the presence of HPV was associated with increased (P = 0.0649), whereas in CIN III was associated with decreased (P = 0.0148) PD-1 levels, compared to the uninjured area in absence of HPV infection. The PDCD1 -606A allele was rare in our population (8.7%) and was not associated with the risk for development of HPV infection, cytological and histological features, and aneuploidy. In contrast, irrespective of the severity of the lesion, patients exhibiting the mutant PDCD1 -606A allele at single or double doses exhibited increased protein and gene expression when compared to the PDCD1 -606GG wild type genotype. Besides, the presence of HPV was associated with the decrease in PDCD1 expression and PD-1 levels in carriers of the -606 A allele presenting severe lesions, suggesting that other mediators induced during the HPV infection progression may play an additional role. This study showed that increased PD-1 levels are influenced by the -606G>A nucleotide variation, particularly in low-grade lesions, in which the A allele favors increased PDCD1 expression, contributing to HPV immune system evasion, and in the high-grade lesion, by decreasing tissue PD-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro César da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Medeiros
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Matheus Costa E Silva
- Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thailany Thays Gomes
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Stefan Welkovic
- Integrated Health Center Amaury de Medeiros (CISAM), University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antônio Donadi
- Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Norma Lucena-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IMIP Hospital, Pediatric Oncology Service, Recife, Brazil
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16
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Preusse C, Eede P, Heinzeling L, Freitag K, Koll R, Froehlich W, Schneider U, Allenbach Y, Benveniste O, Schänzer A, Goebel HH, Stenzel W, Radke J. NanoString technology distinguishes anti-TIF-1γ + from anti-Mi-2 + dermatomyositis patients. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:e12957. [PMID: 34043263 PMCID: PMC8412076 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is a systemic idiopathic inflammatory disease affecting skeletal muscle and skin, clinically characterized by symmetrical proximal muscle weakness and typical skin lesions. Recently, myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSA) became of utmost importance because they strongly correlate with distinct clinical manifestations and prognosis. Antibodies against transcription intermediary factor 1γ (TIF-1γ) are frequently associated with increased risk of malignancy, a specific cutaneous phenotype and limited response to therapy in adult DM patients. Anti-Mi-2 autoantibodies, in contrast, are typically associated with classic DM rashes, prominent skeletal muscle weakness, better therapeutic response and prognosis, and less frequently with cancer. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of autoantibody testing is only moderate, and alternative reliable methods for DM patient stratification and prediction of cancer risk are needed. To further investigate these clinically distinct DM subgroups, we herein analyzed 30 DM patients (n = 15 Mi-2+ and n = 15 TIF-1 γ+ ) and n = 8 non-disease controls (NDC). We demonstrate that the NanoString technology can be used as a very sensitive method to clearly differentiate these two clinically distinct DM subgroups. Using the nCounter PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel™, we identified a set of significantly dysregulated genes in anti-TIF-1γ+ patient muscle biopsies including VEGFA, DDX58, IFNB1, CCL5, IL12RB2, and CD84. Investigation of type I IFN-regulated transcripts revealed a striking type I interferon signature in anti-Mi-2+ patient biopsies. Our results help to stratify both subgroups and predict, which DM patients require an intensified diagnostic procedure and might have a poorer outcome. Potentially, this could also have implications for the therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Preusse
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology with Institute for Translational Neurology, Münster University Hospital (UKM), Münster, Germany
| | - Pascale Eede
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucie Heinzeling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Kiara Freitag
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Randi Koll
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Waltraud Froehlich
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo Schneider
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yves Allenbach
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Benveniste
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Department of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Hilmar Goebel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefine Radke
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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17
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Lemasson Q, Akil H, Feuillard J, Vincent-Fabert C. Genetically Engineered Mouse Models Support a Major Role of Immune Checkpoint-Dependent Immunosurveillance Escape in B-Cell Lymphomas. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669964. [PMID: 34113345 PMCID: PMC8186831 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
These last 20 years, research on immune tumor microenvironment led to identify some critical recurrent mechanisms used in cancer to escape immune response. Through immune checkpoints, which are cell surface molecules involved in the immune system control, it is now established that tumor cells are able to shutdown the immune response. Due to the complexity and heterogeneity of Non Hodgkin B-cell Lymphomas (NHBLs), it is difficult to understand the precise mechanisms of immune escape and to explain the mitigated effect of immune checkpoints blockade for their treatment. Because genetically engineered mouse models are very reliable tools to improve our understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in B-cell transformation and, at the same time, can be useful preclinical models to predict immune response, we reviewed hereafter some of these models that highlight the immune escape mechanisms of NHBLs and open perspectives on future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Lemasson
- UMR CNRS 7276/INSERM U1262 CRIBL, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.,Hematology Laboratory of Dupuytren Hospital University Center (CHU) of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Hussein Akil
- UMR CNRS 7276/INSERM U1262 CRIBL, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.,Hematology Laboratory of Dupuytren Hospital University Center (CHU) of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Jean Feuillard
- UMR CNRS 7276/INSERM U1262 CRIBL, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.,Hematology Laboratory of Dupuytren Hospital University Center (CHU) of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Christelle Vincent-Fabert
- UMR CNRS 7276/INSERM U1262 CRIBL, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.,Hematology Laboratory of Dupuytren Hospital University Center (CHU) of Limoges, Limoges, France
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18
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Holla P, Dizon B, Ambegaonkar AA, Rogel N, Goldschmidt E, Boddapati AK, Sohn H, Sturdevant D, Austin JW, Kardava L, Yuesheng L, Liu P, Moir S, Pierce SK, Madi A. Shared transcriptional profiles of atypical B cells suggest common drivers of expansion and function in malaria, HIV, and autoimmunity. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/22/eabg8384. [PMID: 34039612 PMCID: PMC8153733 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg8384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infectious diseases have a substantial impact on the human B cell compartment including a notable expansion of B cells here termed atypical B cells (ABCs). Using unbiased single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we uncovered and characterized heterogeneities in naïve B cell, classical memory B cells, and ABC subsets. We showed remarkably similar transcriptional profiles for ABC clusters in malaria, HIV, and autoimmune diseases and demonstrated that interferon-γ drove the expansion of ABCs in malaria. These observations suggest that ABCs represent a separate B cell lineage with a common inducer that further diversifies and acquires disease-specific characteristics and functions. In malaria, we identified ABC subsets based on isotype expression that differed in expansion in African children and in B cell receptor repertoire characteristics. Of particular interest, IgD+IgMlo and IgD-IgG+ ABCs acquired a high antigen affinity threshold for activation, suggesting that ABCs may limit autoimmune responses to low-affinity self-antigens in chronic malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasida Holla
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Brian Dizon
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abhijit A Ambegaonkar
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Noga Rogel
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ella Goldschmidt
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Arun K Boddapati
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Haewon Sohn
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Dan Sturdevant
- RML Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Section, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - James W Austin
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lela Kardava
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Li Yuesheng
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Poching Liu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan K Pierce
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Asaf Madi
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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19
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Böttcher M, Bruns H, Völkl S, Lu J, Chartomatsidou E, Papakonstantinou N, Mentz K, Büttner-Herold M, Zenz T, Herling M, Huber W, Ghia P, Stamatopoulos K, Mackensen A, Mougiakakos D. Control of PD-L1 expression in CLL-cells by stromal triggering of the Notch-c-Myc-EZH2 oncogenic signaling axis. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001889. [PMID: 33931470 PMCID: PMC8098943 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults. Emerging data suggest that CLL-cells efficiently evade immunosurveillance. T-cell deficiencies in CLL include immuno(metabolic) exhaustion that is achieved by inhibitory molecules, with programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling emerging as a major underlying mechanism. Moreover, CLL-cells are characterized by a close and recurrent interaction with their stromal niches in the bone marrow and lymph nodes. Here, they receive nurturing signals within a well-protected environment. We could previously show that the interaction of CLL-cells with stroma leads to c-Myc activation that is followed by metabolic adaptations. Recent data indicate that c-Myc also controls expression of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1. Therefore, we sought out to determine the role of stromal contact for the CLL-cells' PD-L1 expression and thus their immuno-evasive phenotype.To do so, we analyzed PD-L1 expression on CLL cell (subsets) in untreated patients and on healthy donor-derived B-cells. Impact of stromal contact on PD-L1 expression on CLL-cells and the underlying signaling pathways were assessed in well-established in vitro niche models. Ex vivo and in vitro findings were validated in the Eµ-TCL1 transgenic CLL mouse model.We found increased PD-L1 expression on CLL-cells as compared with B-cells that was further enhanced in a cell-to-cell contact-dependent manner by stromal cells. In fact, circulating recent stromal-niche emigrants displayed higher PD-L1 levels than long-time circulating CLL-cells. Using our in vitro niche model, we show that a novel Notch-c-Myc-enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) signaling axis controls PD-L1 upregulation. Ultimately, elevated PD-L1 levels conferred increased resistance towards activated autologous T-cells.In summary, our findings support the notion that the CLL microenvironment contributes to immune escape variants. In addition, several targetable molecules (eg, Notch or EZH2) could be exploited in view of improving immune responses in patients with CLL, which warrants further in-depth investigation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Line
- Coculture Techniques
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Paracrine Communication
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stromal Cells/immunology
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Escape
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Böttcher
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Heiko Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Simon Völkl
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Junyan Lu
- Genome Biology Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Elisavet Chartomatsidou
- Division of Experimental Oncology and Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Nikos Papakonstantinou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Kristin Mentz
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Thorsten Zenz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Herling
- Department I of Internal Medicine, CMMC, CECAD, CIO-ABCD, University of Cologne, Köln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Huber
- Genome Biology Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Division of Experimental Oncology and Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
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20
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Wu TM, Liu JB, Liu Y, Shi Y, Li W, Wang GR, Ma YS, Fu D. Power and Promise of Next-Generation Sequencing in Liquid Biopsies and Cancer Control. Cancer Control 2021; 27:1073274820934805. [PMID: 32806937 PMCID: PMC7791471 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820934805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional methods of cancer treatment are usually based on the morphological
and histological diagnosis of tumors, and they are not optimized according to
the specific situation. Precision medicine adjusts the existing treatment
regimen based on the patient’s genomic information to make it most suitable for
patients. Detection of genetic mutations in tumors is the basis of precise
cancer medicine. Through the analysis of genetic mutations in patients with
cancer, we can tailor the treatment plan for each patient with cancer to
maximize the curative effect, minimize damage to healthy tissues, and optimize
resources. In recent years, next-generation sequencing technology has developed
rapidly and has become the core technology of precise targeted therapy and
immunotherapy for cancer. From early cancer screening to treatment guidance for
patients with advanced cancer, liquid biopsy is increasingly used in cancer
management. This is as a result of the development of better noninvasive,
repeatable, sensitive, and accurate tools used in early screening, diagnosis,
evaluation, and monitoring of patients. Cell-free DNA, which is a new
noninvasive molecular pathological detection method, often carries
tumor-specific gene changes. It plays an important role in optimizing treatment
and evaluating the efficacy of different treatment options in clinical trials,
and it has broad clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Miao Wu
- Department of Radiology, 12485The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, 377323Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, 12571Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Chaha, China
| | - Yi Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, 12571Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Chaha, China
| | - Wen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, 12571Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Chaha, China
| | - Gao-Ren Wang
- Cancer Institute, 377323Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Yu-Shui Ma
- Cancer Institute, 377323Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China.,Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, 12476Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Fu
- Department of Radiology, 12485The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, 12476Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Lee AJ, Jung I. Functional annotation of lung cancer‒associated genetic variants by cell type‒specific epigenome and long-range chromatin interactome. Genomics Inform 2021; 19:e3. [PMID: 33840167 PMCID: PMC8042303 DOI: 10.5808/gi.20073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional interpretation of noncoding genetic variants associated with complex human diseases and traits remains a challenge. In an effort to enhance our understanding of common germline variants associated with lung cancer, we categorize regulatory elements based on eight major cell types of human lung tissue. Our results show that 21.68% of lung cancer‒associated risk variants are linked to noncoding regulatory elements, nearly half of which are cell type‒specific. Integrative analysis of high-resolution long-range chromatin interactome maps and single-cell RNA-sequencing data of lung tumors uncovers number of putative target genes of these variants and functionally relevant cell types, which display a potential biological link to cancer susceptibility. The present study greatly expands the scope of functional annotation of lung cancer‒associated genetic risk factors and dictates probable cell types involved in lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Inkyung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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22
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Radomir L, Kramer MP, Perpinial M, Schottlender N, Rabani S, David K, Wiener A, Lewinsky H, Becker-Herman S, Aharoni R, Milo R, Mauri C, Shachar I. The survival and function of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells are negatively controlled by SLAMF5. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1893. [PMID: 33767202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells have essential functions in multiple sclerosis and in its mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, both as drivers and suppressors of the disease. The suppressive effects are driven by a regulatory B cell (Breg) population that functions, primarily but not exclusively, via the production of IL-10. However, the mechanisms modulating IL-10-producing Breg abundance are poorly understood. Here we identify SLAMF5 for controlling IL-10+ Breg maintenance and function. In EAE, the deficiency of SLAMF5 in B cells causes accumulation of IL10+ Bregs in the central nervous system and periphery. Blocking SLAMF5 in vitro induces both human and mouse IL-10-producing Breg cells and increases their survival with a concomitant increase of a transcription factor, c-Maf. Finally, in vivo SLAMF5 blocking in EAE elevates IL-10+ Breg levels and ameliorates disease severity. Our results suggest that SLAMF5 is a negative moderator of IL-10+ Breg cells, and may serve as a therapeutic target in MS and other autoimmune diseases. Regulatory B (Breg) cells suppress excessive inflammation primary via the production of interleukin 10 (IL-10). Here the authors show that the function and homeostasis of mouse and human IL-10+ Breg cells are negatively regulated by the cell surface receptor, SLAMF5, to impact experimental autoimmunity, thereby hinting SLAMF5 as a potential target for immunotherapy.
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23
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Jimbu L, Mesaros O, Popescu C, Neaga A, Berceanu I, Dima D, Gaman M, Zdrenghea M. Is There a Place for PD-1-PD-L Blockade in Acute Myeloid Leukemia? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:288. [PMID: 33804850 PMCID: PMC8063836 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors were a major breakthrough in the field of oncology. In September 2014, based on the KEYNOTE-001 study, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved pembrolizumab, a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, for advanced or unresectable melanoma. Up until now, seven PD-1/PD-ligand(L)-1 inhibitors are approved in various solid cancers and hundreds of clinical studies are currently ongoing. In hematology, PD-1 inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab were approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) classic Hodgkin lymphoma, and later pembrolizumab was approved for R/R primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the combination of hypomethylating agents and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has shown promising results, worth of further investigation, while other combinations or single agent therapy have disappointing results. On the other hand, rather than in first line, these therapies could be useful in the consolidation or maintenance setting, for achieving minimal residual disease negativity. Furthermore, an interesting application could be the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation relapse. There are several reasons why checkpoint inhibitors are not very effective in treating AML, including the characteristics of the disease (systemic, rapidly progressive, and high tumor burden disease), low mutational burden, and dysregulation of the immune system. We here review the results of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition in AML and discuss their potential future in the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jimbu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (C.P.); (A.N.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Oana Mesaros
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (C.P.); (A.N.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Cristian Popescu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (C.P.); (A.N.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, County Emergency Hospital Alba Iulia, 20 Decebal Str., 510093 Alba-Iulia, Romania
| | - Alexandra Neaga
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (C.P.); (A.N.); (M.Z.)
| | - Iulia Berceanu
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Delia Dima
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Mihaela Gaman
- Department of Hematology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihnea Zdrenghea
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (C.P.); (A.N.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (D.D.)
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24
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Ehx G, Larouche JD, Durette C, Laverdure JP, Hesnard L, Vincent K, Hardy MP, Thériault C, Rulleau C, Lanoix J, Bonneil E, Feghaly A, Apavaloaei A, Noronha N, Laumont CM, Delisle JS, Vago L, Hébert J, Sauvageau G, Lemieux S, Thibault P, Perreault C. Atypical acute myeloid leukemia-specific transcripts generate shared and immunogenic MHC class-I-associated epitopes. Immunity 2021; 54:737-752.e10. [PMID: 33740418 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not benefited from innovative immunotherapies, mainly because of the lack of actionable immune targets. Using an original proteogenomic approach, we analyzed the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I)-associated immunopeptidome of 19 primary AML samples and identified 58 tumor-specific antigens (TSAs). These TSAs bore no mutations and derived mainly (86%) from supposedly non-coding genomic regions. Two AML-specific aberrations were instrumental in the biogenesis of TSAs, intron retention, and epigenetic changes. Indeed, 48% of TSAs resulted from intron retention and translation, and their RNA expression correlated with mutations of epigenetic modifiers (e.g., DNMT3A). AML TSA-coding transcripts were highly shared among patients and were expressed in both blasts and leukemic stem cells. In AML patients, the predicted number of TSAs correlated with spontaneous expansion of cognate T cell receptor clonotypes, accumulation of activated cytotoxic T cells, immunoediting, and improved survival. These TSAs represent attractive targets for AML immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Ehx
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jean-David Larouche
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Chantal Durette
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Laverdure
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Leslie Hesnard
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Krystel Vincent
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Hardy
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Catherine Thériault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Caroline Rulleau
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Joël Lanoix
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Eric Bonneil
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Albert Feghaly
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Anca Apavaloaei
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Nandita Noronha
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Céline M Laumont
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Delisle
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada; Division of Hematology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Luca Vago
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Josée Hébert
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Division of Hematology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Division of Hematology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Sébastien Lemieux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Claude Perreault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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25
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Lewinsky H, Gunes EG, David K, Radomir L, Kramer MP, Pellegrino B, Perpinial M, Chen J, He TF, Mansour AG, Teng KY, Bhattacharya S, Caserta E, Troadec E, Lee P, Feng M, Keats J, Krishnan A, Rosenzweig M, Yu J, Caligiuri MA, Cohen Y, Shevetz O, Becker-Herman S, Pichiorri F, Rosen S, Shachar I. CD84 is a regulator of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in multiple myeloma. JCI Insight 2021; 6:141683. [PMID: 33465053 PMCID: PMC7934939 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by an accumulation of malignant plasma cells (PCs) within the BM. The BM microenvironment supports survival of the malignant cells and is composed of cellular fractions that foster myeloma development and progression by suppression of the immune response. Despite major progress in understanding the biology and pathophysiology of MM, this disease is still incurable and requires aggressive treatment with significant side effects. CD84 is a self-binding immunoreceptor belonging to the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family. Previously, we showed that CD84 bridges between chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and their microenvironment, and it regulates T cell function. In the current study, we investigated the role of CD84 in MM. Our results show that MM cells express low levels of CD84. However, these cells secrete the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which induces CD84 expression on cells in their microenvironment. Its activation leads to an elevation of expression of genes regulating differentiation to monocytic/granulocytic–myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs and G-MDSCs, respectively) and upregulation of PD-L1 expression on MDSCs, which together suppress T cell function. Downregulation of CD84 or its blocking reduce MDSC accumulation, resulting in elevated T cell activity and reduced tumor load. Our data suggest that CD84 might serve as a novel therapeutic target in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Lewinsky
- Department of Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Emine G Gunes
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and
| | - Keren David
- Department of Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lihi Radomir
- Department of Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Matthias P Kramer
- Department of Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bianca Pellegrino
- Department of Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Perpinial
- Department of Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Ting-Fang He
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | - Kun-Yu Teng
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and
| | - Supriyo Bhattacharya
- Translational Bioinformatics, Center for Informatics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Enrico Caserta
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and
| | - Estelle Troadec
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and
| | - Peter Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Mingye Feng
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Keats
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Amrita Krishnan
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and
| | - Michael Rosenzweig
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and
| | | | - Yosef Cohen
- Sanz Medical Center, Laniado Medical Center, Netanya, Israel
| | - Olga Shevetz
- Hematology Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shirly Becker-Herman
- Department of Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and
| | - Steven Rosen
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and
| | - Idit Shachar
- Department of Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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26
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Ioannou N, Hagner PR, Stokes M, Gandhi AK, Apollonio B, Fanous M, Papazoglou D, Sutton LA, Rosenquist R, Amini RM, Chiu H, Lopez-Girona A, Janardhanan P, Awan FT, Jones J, Kay NE, Shanafelt TD, Tallman MS, Stamatopoulos K, Patten PEM, Vardi A, Ramsay AG. Triggering interferon signaling in T cells with avadomide sensitizes CLL to anti-PD-L1/PD-1 immunotherapy. Blood 2021; 137:216-231. [PMID: 33024998 PMCID: PMC7820876 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment has been transformed by checkpoint blockade therapies, with the highest anti-tumor activity of anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) antibody therapy seen in Hodgkin lymphoma. Disappointingly, response rates have been low in the non-Hodgkin lymphomas, with no activity seen in relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with PD-1 blockade. Thus, identifying more powerful combination therapy is required for these patients. Here, we preclinically demonstrate enhanced anti-CLL activity following combinational therapy with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) and avadomide, a cereblon E3 ligase modulator (CELMoD). Avadomide induced type I and II interferon (IFN) signaling in patient T cells, triggering a feedforward cascade of reinvigorated T-cell responses. Immune modeling assays demonstrated that avadomide stimulated T-cell activation, chemokine expression, motility and lytic synapses with CLL cells, as well as IFN-inducible feedback inhibition through upregulation of PD-L1. Patient-derived xenograft tumors treated with avadomide were converted to CD8+ T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironments that responded to anti-PD-L1/PD-1-based combination therapy. Notably, clinical analyses showed increased PD-L1 expression on T cells, as well as intratumoral expression of chemokine signaling genes in B-cell malignancy patients receiving avadomide-based therapy. These data illustrate the importance of overcoming a low inflammatory T-cell state to successfully sensitize CLL to checkpoint blockade-based combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Ioannou
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Benedetta Apollonio
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariam Fanous
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Despoina Papazoglou
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley-Ann Sutton
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rose-Marie Amini
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Farrukh T Awan
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Neil E Kay
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Piers E M Patten
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Anna Vardi
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alan G Ramsay
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Alshetaiwi H, Pervolarakis N, McIntyre LL, Ma D, Nguyen Q, Rath JA, Nee K, Hernandez G, Evans K, Torosian L, Silva A, Walsh C, Kessenbrock K. Defining the emergence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in breast cancer using single-cell transcriptomics. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/44/eaay6017. [PMID: 32086381 PMCID: PMC7219211 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aay6017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are innate immune cells that acquire the capacity to suppress adaptive immune responses during cancer. It remains elusive how MDSCs differ from their normal myeloid counterparts, which limits our ability to specifically detect and therapeutically target MDSCs during cancer. Here, we sought to determine the molecular features of breast cancer-associated MDSCs using the widely studied mouse model based on the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter-driven expression of the polyomavirus middle T oncoprotein (MMTV-PyMT). To identify MDSCs in an unbiased manner, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to compare MDSC-containing splenic myeloid cells from breast tumor-bearing mice with wild-type controls. Our computational analysis of 14,646 single-cell transcriptomes revealed that MDSCs emerge through an aberrant neutrophil maturation trajectory in the spleen that confers them an immunosuppressive cell state. We establish the MDSC-specific gene signature and identify CD84 as a surface marker for improved detection and enrichment of MDSCs in breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Alshetaiwi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicholas Pervolarakis
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Laura Lynn McIntyre
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Dennis Ma
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Quy Nguyen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jan Akara Rath
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Nee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Grace Hernandez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Katrina Evans
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Leona Torosian
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Anushka Silva
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Craig Walsh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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28
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Delgado J, Nadeu F, Colomer D, Campo E. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: from molecular pathogenesis to novel therapeutic strategies. Haematologica 2020; 105:2205-2217. [PMID: 33054046 PMCID: PMC7556519 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.236000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a well-defined lymphoid neoplasm with very heterogeneous biological and clinical behavior. The last decade has been remarkably fruitful in novel findings elucidating multiple aspects of the pathogenesis of the disease including mechanisms of genetic susceptibility, insights into the relevance of immunogenetic factors driving the disease, profiling of genomic alterations, epigenetic subtypes, global epigenomic tumor cell reprogramming, modulation of tumor cell and microenvironment interactions, and dynamics of clonal evolution from early steps in monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis to progression and transformation into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. All this knowledge has offered new perspectives that are being exploited therapeutically with novel target agents and management strategies. In this review we provide an overview of these novel advances and highlight questions and perspectives that need further progress to translate into the clinics the biological knowledge and improve the outcome of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Delgado
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncologia (CIBERONC), Madrid
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
| | - Ferran Nadeu
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncologia (CIBERONC), Madrid
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncologia (CIBERONC), Madrid
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
- Hematopathology Section, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elias Campo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncologia (CIBERONC), Madrid
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
- Hematopathology Section, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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29
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He H, Suryawanshi H, Morozov P, Gay-Mimbrera J, Del Duca E, Kim HJ, Kameyama N, Estrada Y, Der E, Krueger JG, Ruano J, Tuschl T, Guttman-Yassky E. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of human skin identifies novel fibroblast subpopulation and enrichment of immune subsets in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1615-1628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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30
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Wierzbinska JA, Toth R, Ishaque N, Rippe K, Mallm JP, Klett LC, Mertens D, Zenz T, Hielscher T, Seifert M, Küppers R, Assenov Y, Lutsik P, Stilgenbauer S, Roessner PM, Seiffert M, Byrd J, Oakes CC, Plass C, Lipka DB. Methylome-based cell-of-origin modeling (Methyl-COOM) identifies aberrant expression of immune regulatory molecules in CLL. Genome Med 2020; 12:29. [PMID: 32188505 PMCID: PMC7081711 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In cancer, normal epigenetic patterns are disturbed and contribute to gene expression changes, disease onset, and progression. The cancer epigenome is composed of the epigenetic patterns present in the tumor-initiating cell at the time of transformation, and the tumor-specific epigenetic alterations that are acquired during tumor initiation and progression. The precise dissection of these two components of the tumor epigenome will facilitate a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying malignant transformation. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) originates from differentiating B cells, which undergo extensive epigenetic programming. This poses the challenge to precisely determine the epigenomic ground state of the cell-of-origin in order to identify CLL-specific epigenetic aberrations. Methods We developed a linear regression model, methylome-based cell-of-origin modeling (Methyl-COOM), to map the cell-of-origin for individual CLL patients based on the continuum of epigenomic changes during normal B cell differentiation. Results Methyl-COOM accurately maps the cell-of-origin of CLL and identifies CLL-specific aberrant DNA methylation events that are not confounded by physiologic epigenetic B cell programming. Furthermore, Methyl-COOM unmasks abnormal action of transcription factors, altered super-enhancer activities, and aberrant transcript expression in CLL. Among the aberrantly regulated transcripts were many genes that have previously been implicated in T cell biology. Flow cytometry analysis of these markers confirmed their aberrant expression on malignant B cells at the protein level. Conclusions Methyl-COOM analysis of CLL identified disease-specific aberrant gene regulation. The aberrantly expressed genes identified in this study might play a role in immune-evasion in CLL and might serve as novel targets for immunotherapy approaches. In summary, we propose a novel framework for in silico modeling of reference DNA methylomes and for the identification of cancer-specific epigenetic changes, a concept that can be broadly applied to other human malignancies. Electronic supplementary material Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s13073-020-00724-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna A Wierzbinska
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,The German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reka Toth
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Naveed Ishaque
- The German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Rippe
- The German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Chromatin Networks, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Mallm
- The German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Chromatin Networks, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lara C Klett
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Chromatin Networks, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Mertens
- The German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Zenz
- Experimental Hematology Lab, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc Seifert
- Group Molecular Genetics, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Ralf Küppers
- Group Molecular Genetics, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Yassen Assenov
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavlo Lutsik
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - John Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Christopher C Oakes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,The German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Daniel B Lipka
- The German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Section Translational Cancer Epigenomics, Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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31
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Arruga F, Gyau BB, Iannello A, Vitale N, Vaisitti T, Deaglio S. Immune Response Dysfunction in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Dissecting Molecular Mechanisms and Microenvironmental Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1825. [PMID: 32155826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Representing the major cause of morbidity and mortality for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients, immunosuppression is a common feature of the disease. Effectors of the innate and the adaptive immune response show marked dysfunction and skewing towards the generation of a tolerant environment that favors disease expansion. Major deregulations are found in the T lymphocyte compartment, with inhibition of CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ activated effector T cells, replaced by exhausted and more tolerogenic subsets. Likewise, differentiation of monocytes towards a suppressive M2-like phenotype is induced at the expense of pro-inflammatory sub-populations. Thanks to their B-regulatory phenotype, leukemic cells play a central role in driving immunosuppression, progressively inhibiting immune responses. A number of signaling cascades triggered by soluble mediators and cell–cell contacts contribute to immunomodulation in CLL, fostered also by local environmental conditions, such as hypoxia and derived metabolic acidosis. Specifically, molecular pathways modulating T-cell activity in CLL, spanning from the best known cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) to the emerging T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif domains (TIGIT)/CD155 axes, are attracting increasing research interest and therapeutic relevance also in the CLL field. On the other hand, in the microenvironment, the B cell receptor (BCR), which is undoubtedly the master regulator of leukemic cell behavior, plays an important role in orchestrating immune responses, as well. Lastly, local conditions of hypoxia, typical of the lymphoid niche, have major effects both on CLL cells and on non-leukemic immune cells, partly mediated through adenosine signaling, for which novel specific inhibitors are currently under development. In summary, this review will provide an overview of the molecular and microenvironmental mechanisms that modify innate and adaptive immune responses of CLL patients, focusing attention on those that may have therapeutic implications.
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32
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Barak AF, Lewinsky H, Perpinial M, Huber V, Radomir L, Kramer MP, Sever L, Wolf Y, Shapiro M, Herishanu Y, Jung S, Becker-Herman S, Shachar I. Bone marrow dendritic cells support the survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in a CD84 dependent manner. Oncogene 2019; 39:1997-2008. [PMID: 31772329 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignancy of mature B lymphocytes. The microenvironment of the CLL cells is a vital element in the regulation of the survival of these malignant cells. CLL cell longevity is dependent on external signals, originating from cells in their microenvironment including secreted and surface-bound factors. Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important part in tumor microenvironment, but their role in the CLL bone marrow (BM) niche has not been studied. We show here that CLL cells induce accumulation of bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs). Depletion of this population attenuates disease expansion. Our results show that the support of the microenvironment is partly dependent on CD84, a cell surface molecule belonging to the Signaling Lymphocyte Activating Molecule (SLAM) family of immunoreceptors. Our results suggest a novel therapeutic strategy whereby eliminating BMDCs or blocking the CD84 expressed on these cells may reduce the tumor load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital F Barak
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Hadas Lewinsky
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Perpinial
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Victoria Huber
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Lihi Radomir
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Mattias P Kramer
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Lital Sever
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yochai Wolf
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Mika Shapiro
- Department of Hematology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yair Herishanu
- Department of Hematology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | | | - Idit Shachar
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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33
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O’Connell P, Amalfitano A, Aldhamen YA. SLAM Family Receptor Signaling in Viral Infections: HIV and Beyond. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E184. [PMID: 31744090 PMCID: PMC6963180 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family of receptors are expressed on the majority of immune cells. These receptors often serve as self-ligands, and play important roles in cellular communication and adhesion, thus modulating immune responses. SLAM family receptor signaling is differentially regulated in various immune cell types, with responses generally being determined by the presence or absence of two SLAM family adaptor proteins-Ewing's sarcoma-associated transcript 2 (EAT-2) and SLAM-associated adaptor protein (SAP). In addition to serving as direct regulators of the immune system, certain SLAM family members have also been identified as direct targets for specific microbes and viruses. Here, we will discuss the known roles for these receptors in the setting of viral infection, with special emphasis placed on HIV infection. Because HIV causes such complex dysregulation of the immune system, studies of the roles for SLAM family receptors in this context are particularly exciting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O’Connell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA, (A.A.)
| | - Andrea Amalfitano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA, (A.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yasser A. Aldhamen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA, (A.A.)
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34
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Brodská B, Otevřelová P, Šálek C, Fuchs O, Gašová Z, Kuželová K. High PD-L1 Expression Predicts for Worse Outcome of Leukemia Patients with Concomitant NPM1 and FLT3 Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112823. [PMID: 31185600 PMCID: PMC6600137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to solid tumors, the role of PD-L1 in hematological malignancies is less explored, and the knowledge in this area is mostly limited to lymphomas. However, several studies indicated that PD-L1 is also overexpressed in myeloid malignancies. Successful treatment of the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is likely associated with elimination of the residual disease by the immune system, and possible involvement of PD-L1 in this process remains to be elucidated. We analyzed PD-L1 expression on AML primary cells by flow cytometry and, in parallel, transcript levels were determined for the transcription variants v1 and v2. The ratio of v1/v2 cDNA correlated with the surface protein amount, and high v1/v2 levels were associated with worse overall survival (p = 0.0045). The prognostic impact of PD-L1 was limited to AML with mutated nucleophosmin and concomitant internal tandem duplications in the FLT3 gene (p less than 0.0001 for this particular AML subgroup).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Brodská
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague 128 20, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Otevřelová
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague 128 20, Czech Republic.
| | - Cyril Šálek
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague 128 20, Czech Republic.
| | - Ota Fuchs
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague 128 20, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenka Gašová
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague 128 20, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Kuželová
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague 128 20, Czech Republic.
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35
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Shachar I, Barak A, Lewinsky H, Sever L, Radomir L. SLAMF receptors on normal and malignant B cells. Clin Immunol 2018; 204:23-30. [PMID: 30448442 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule family (SLAMF) is a collection of nine surface receptors expressed mainly on hematopoietic cells, and was found to modulate the behavior of immune cells. SLAMF receptors are expressed on B cells in health and disease. Each SLAM receptor has a unique differential expression pattern during the development and activation of B cells. Furthermore, recent findings have revealed a principal role for this family of receptors in B cell malignancies, emphasizing their importance in the control of malignant cell survival, cell to cell communication within the tumor microenvironment, retention in the supporting niches and regulation of T cell anti-tumor response. This review summarizes the latest studies regarding SLAMF expression and behavior in B cells and in B cell pathologies, and discusses the therapeutic potential of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idit Shachar
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel.
| | - Avital Barak
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | - Hadas Lewinsky
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | - Lital Sever
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | - Lihi Radomir
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
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