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He QL, Wang QB, Yi CH, Yang XJ, Yu JH. Prognostic value of angiogenic T cells in hepatitis B-induced liver cirrhosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116264. [PMID: 38493510 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the frequency of angiogenic T cells (CD4+ Tang cells) among CD4+ T cells in patients with hepatitis B-induced liver cirrhosis (HBV-LC) and to evaluate the predictive role of these cells in the clinical outcome. In total, 185 patients with HBV-LC were recruited to measure the frequency of CD4+ Tang cells and chemokine levels using flow cytometry. RESULTS: There was 11.4% of death after 3-momth follow-up. The AUC for the ability of the frequency of CD4+ Tang cell to predict death was 0.724 (higher than those for the MELD score, FIB-4 score, and Child-Pugh classification). Cox regression analysis revealed an association between the frequency of CD4+ Tang cells and a 3-month survival chance. CONCLUSIONS: The lower frequency of CD4+ T ang cells was correlated with the severity of HBV-LC and may serve as a prognostic predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ling He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Bo Wang
- Department of Liver Tumor, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang-Hua Yi
- Department of Clinical Research, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Hong Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Campani C, Capone M, Liotta F, Arena U, Adotti V, Di Bonaventura C, Aburas S, Colagrande S, Calistri L, Annunziato F, Marra F. Dynamics of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:911-7. [PMID: 34876355 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) predict tumor vascularization and disease progression, but limited information is available on their dynamics in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing systemic treatment. METHODS We prospectively analyzed different populations of EPC in 16 patients with advanced HCC receiving sorafenib. Patients were studied before therapy (T0, n = 16) and after two (T2, n = 12) and eight weeks (T8, n = 8), using high-performance flow-cytometry. The tumor response at T8 was categorized as progressive disease (PD) or clinical benefit (CB, all other responses). RESULTS At T0, higher levels of CD34+CD133+KDR+ and CD34+KDR+ were observed in patients with alpha-fetoprotein ≥400 ng/ml or non-viral liver disease, whereas CD34+CD133+KDR+ cells were virtually absent in patients with vascular invasion. CD34+KDR+ and CD34+CD133+KDR+ were directly correlated with platelet count. Frequencies of all populations of EPC declined in patients receiving sorafenib. Levels of CD34+CD133+ were higher at T0 in patients with CB compared to patients with PD. In patients belonging to the CB group CD34+KDR+ cells at T0 were directly correlated to platelet count. CONCLUSION In patients with advanced HCC, EPC are directly correlated with platelet count, suggesting a common activation of selected bone marrow pathways. Levels of a CD34+KDR+ are higher at baseline in patients responding to sorafenib.
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3
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Ding J, Qi C, Li J, Huang C, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Li Y, Fan B. Se-Methylselenocysteine Alleviates Liver Injury in Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Rat Model by Reducing Liver Enzymes, Inhibiting Angiogenesis, and Suppressing Nitric Oxide (NO)/Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e929255. [PMID: 34344856 PMCID: PMC8351367 DOI: 10.12659/msm.929255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality. This study aimed to investigate the effects of se-methylselenocysteine (MSC) on oncogenesis of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Material/Methods A hepatocellular carcinoma rat model was established by administering DEN. Rat models were divided into Model (0.1 mg/kg MSC), Model+0.3 mg/kg MSC, Model+1 mg/kg MSC, and Model+3 mg/kg MSC groups. A Normal control group consisted of mice not administered MSC. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to determine liver injury. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to identify CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. VEGF gene transcription was detected with RT-PCR. Biochemical analyses were performed to determine alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin levels in serum, and nitric oxide (NO)/nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels in liver tissues. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultra-microstructures of hepatocytes. Results MSC treatment markedly alleviated liver injury and nuclear lesions in the treatment groups compared to the Model group. MSC treatment significantly improved liver functions in the treatment groups compared to the Model group (P<0.05). MSC treatment significantly decreased CD34 expression and NO and NOS levels in liver tissues and suppressed VEGF expression compared to the Model group (all P<0.05). Conclusions MSC administration alleviated liver injury in a DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma rat model through reducing liver enzymes, inhibiting angiogenesis, and suppressing the NO/NOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Chuang Qi
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Jinmao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Chuying Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Jiayao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Zahran AM, Abdel-Rahim MH, Refaat A, Sayed M, Othman MM, Khalak LMR, Hetta HF. Circulating hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells and cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: contribution to diagnosis and prognosis. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:33-39. [PMID: 31478425 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2019.1657940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim: Circulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to tumor development and progression and can predict patient outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of circulating HSCs, EPCs and CSCs in the peripheral blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to explore their potential prognostic significance for HCC patients.Methods: The study included 30 HCC patients and 20 healthy controls. The HSCs and EPCs were enumerated with CD45, CD34, CD133, CD144 markers, while CSCs were enumerated with CD45, CD44, CD133 markers using flow cytometry.Results: The mean percentages of circulating HSCs were significantly lower in HCC patients than the controls (p = .001), whereas the mean percentages of EPCs within the HSCs subpopulation were significantly higher in the HCC patients than the controls (p = .002). The absolute count of CSCs within 100,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells was 23.5 ± 3.4 in the HCC patients. Also, the mean percentages of circulating HSCs, EPCs and the number of CSCs were significantly increased in patients with multiple hepatic focal lesions than in patients with a single hepatic focal lesion. Both circulating HSCs and EPCs showed significant positive correlation with the level of AFP and with the numbers of CSCs. In the meantime, the numbers of CSCs revealed significant direct correlation with ALT, AST and AFP levels. The one-year overall survival (OS) of the patients was 77.5%. High levels of CSCs, HSCs and EPCs at diagnosis were all associated with worse outcome for the HCC patients.Conclusions: Significant changes in the levels of the circulating HSCs, EPCs and CSCs occur in HCC. These changes help the diagnosis and the prediction of HCC outcome, as higher levels of these cells are associated with worse OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mona H. Abdel-Rahim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Refaat
- Medical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mona Sayed
- Radiotherapy Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. Othman
- Radiodiagnosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa M. R. Khalak
- Radiodiagnosis Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Helal F. Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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5
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Cho HC, Kim JH, Cha RR, Kim WS, Lee JM, Lee SS, Kim HJ, Lee CM, Kim HJ, Ha CY, Kim TH, Jung WT, Lee OJ. Clinical significance of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with liver cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 32:87-94. [PMID: 31790004 DOI: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000001484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The role of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with cirrhosis has seldom been investigated. This study was conducted to assess the clinical significance of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with liver cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS A blood sample was collected once from patients with cirrhosis alone (n = 34) or cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 46) and healthy controls (n = 27) for assessing levels of endothelial progenitor cells and vascular endothelial growth factor. Blood cells staining positive for CD34/CD133/KDR using flow cytometry were characterized as endothelial progenitor cells. Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS The levels of CD34/KDR-positive endothelial progenitor cells, CD133/KDR-positive endothelial progenitor cells, and vascular endothelial growth factor were higher in patients with cirrhosis ± hepatocellular carcinoma than in healthy controls (P = 0.017, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The levels of endothelial progenitor cells and vascular endothelial growth factor did not show statistical difference according to Child-Turcotte-Pugh class. There was a moderately significant correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor levels and hepatocellular carcinoma stage (ρ = 0.464, P = 0.001). Smoking, ascites, and portal vein thrombosis were independently related to lower levels of circulating CD34/KDR-positive endothelial progenitor cells, higher levels of CD133/KDR-positive endothelial progenitor cells, and higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, respectively (P = 0.041, P = 0.023, and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Circulating endothelial progenitor cells and plasma vascular endothelial growth factor levels were higher in patients with liver cirrhosis ± hepatocellular carcinoma compared to healthy controls. The increase in endothelial progenitor cells and vascular endothelial growth factor may have a possible role in the development of complications, especially ascites and portal vein thrombosis, or in progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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6
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Garg M, Kaur S, Banik A, Kumar V, Rastogi A, Sarin SK, Mukhopadhyay A, Trehanpati N. Bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells activate hepatic stellate cells and aggravate carbon tetrachloride induced liver fibrosis in mice via paracrine factors. Cell Prolif 2017; 50:e12355. [PMID: 28682508 PMCID: PMC6529081 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs) are increased in chronic liver disease (CLD). Their role in hepatic fibrosis and regeneration remains an area of intense studies. We investigated the migration and secretory functions of BM-EPCs in fibrotic mice liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone marrow cells from C57BL6-GFP mice were transplanted into the femur of irradiated C57BL6 mice, followed by CCl4 doses for 8 weeks, to develop hepatic fibrosis (n = 36). Transplanted C57BL6 mice without CCl4 treatment were used as controls. EPCs were analyzed in BM, blood and liver by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. VEGF and TGF-β were analysed in the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and BM-EPCs co-cultures using ELISAs. RESULTS There was a significant migration of EPCs from BM to blood and to the liver (P ≤ 0.01). Percentage of GFP+ CD31+ EPCs and collagen proportionate area was substantially increased in the liver at 4th week of CCl4 dosage compared to the controls (19.8% vs 1.9%, P ≤ 0.05). Levels of VEGF (533.6 pg/ml) and TGF-β (327.44 pg/ml) also increased significantly, when HSCs were treated with the EPC conditioned medium, as compared to controls (25.66 pg/ml and 5.87 pg/ml, respectively; P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Present findings suggest that BM-EPCs migrate to the liver during CCl4-induced liver injury and contribute to fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manali Garg
- Institute of Liver and Biliary SciencesDepartment of Molecular and Cellular MedicineNew DelhiIndia
| | - Savneet Kaur
- Gautam Buddha UniversityGreater NoidaUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Arpita Banik
- Institute of Liver and Biliary SciencesDepartment of Molecular and Cellular MedicineNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Archana Rastogi
- Institute of Liver and Biliary SciencesDepartment of PathologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Shiv K. Sarin
- Institute of Liver and Biliary SciencesDepartment of HepatologyNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Nirupma Trehanpati
- Institute of Liver and Biliary SciencesDepartment of Molecular and Cellular MedicineNew DelhiIndia
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7
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Giovanis P, Pianezze G, Vincenzi V, Manuppelli C, Boaretto M, Pastorelli D. Circulating endothelial cells and risk of progression in patients with hepatocellular cancer receiving sorafenib. Hepat Oncol 2017; 4:39-43. [PMID: 30191052 DOI: 10.2217/hep-2016-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim We investigated the behavior of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving sorafenib, and whether CEC levels were associated with time to progression (TTP). Materials & methods CECs in advanced HCC patients receiving sorafenib were counted at baseline and every 4 weeks. Results Twenty four HCC patients were enrolled in the study. Median TTP was 3.2 months (1-6). Median baseline CEC levels were 67 cells/ml, with an increase of 169.8% after 4 weeks of treatment. Any time CEC levels in patients with a TTP lower than 4 months were higher, but not statistically significant, compared with those in patients with TTP more than 4 months. Conclusion Treatment with sorafenib changed CEC levels in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Giovanis
- Medical Oncology Unit, City Hospital of Feltre, Via Bagnols Sul Ceze 3, 32032, Ulss 1 Dolomiti, Feltre, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, City Hospital of Feltre, Via Bagnols Sul Ceze 3, 32032, Ulss 1 Dolomiti, Feltre, Italy
| | - Graziano Pianezze
- Research Lab, City Hospital of Belluno, Belluno, Ulss 1 Dolomiti, Italy.,Research Lab, City Hospital of Belluno, Belluno, Ulss 1 Dolomiti, Italy
| | - Valter Vincenzi
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology, City Hospital of Belluno, Belluno, Ulss 1 Dolomiti, Italy.,Internal Medicine & Hepatology, City Hospital of Belluno, Belluno, Ulss 1 Dolomiti, Italy
| | - Carla Manuppelli
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology, City Hospital of Belluno, Belluno, Ulss 1 Dolomiti, Italy.,Internal Medicine & Hepatology, City Hospital of Belluno, Belluno, Ulss 1 Dolomiti, Italy
| | - Massimo Boaretto
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology, City Hospital of Belluno, Belluno, Ulss 1 Dolomiti, Italy.,Internal Medicine & Hepatology, City Hospital of Belluno, Belluno, Ulss 1 Dolomiti, Italy
| | - Davide Pastorelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, City Hospital of Feltre, Via Bagnols Sul Ceze 3, 32032, Ulss 1 Dolomiti, Feltre, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, City Hospital of Feltre, Via Bagnols Sul Ceze 3, 32032, Ulss 1 Dolomiti, Feltre, Italy
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8
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Zhou ZW, Li YD, Gao WW, Chen JL, Yue SY, Zhang JN. Cold water swimming pretreatment reduces cognitive deficits in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1322-1328. [PMID: 28966648 PMCID: PMC5607828 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.213553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A moderate stress such as cold water swimming can raise the tolerance of the body to potentially injurious events. However, little is known about the mechanism of beneficial effects induced by moderate stress. In this study, we used a classic rat model of traumatic brain injury to test the hypothesis that cold water swimming preconditioning improved the recovery of cognitive functions and explored the mechanisms. Results showed that after traumatic brain injury, pre-conditioned rats (cold water swimming for 3 minutes at 4°C) spent a significantly higher percent of times in the goal quadrant of cold water swim, and escape latencies were shorter than for non-pretreated rats. The number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells was significantly higher in pre-conditioned rats than those without pretreatment at 0, 3, 6 and 24 hours after traumatic brain injury. Immunohistochemical staining and Von Willebrand factor staining demonstrated that the number of CD34+ stem cells and new blood vessels in the injured hippocampus tissue increased significantly in pre-conditioned rats. These data suggest that pretreatment with cold water swimming could promote the proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells and angiogenesis in the peripheral blood and hippocampus. It also ameliorated cognitive deficits caused by experimental traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya-Dan Li
- Intensive Care Units, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Wei Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie-Li Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shu-Yuan Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
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Kosova F, Kurt FO, Olmez E, Tuğlu I, Arı Z. Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on matrix molecules and angiogenetic and anti-angiogenetic factors in gastric cancer cells cultured on different substrates. Biotech Histochem 2015; 91:38-47. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1072769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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10
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Shih YT, Wang MC, Zhou J, Peng HH, Lee DY, Chiu JJ. Endothelial progenitors promote hepatocarcinoma intrahepatic metastasis through monocyte chemotactic protein-1 induction of microRNA-21. Gut 2015; 64:1132-47. [PMID: 24939570 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) circulate with increased numbers in the peripheral blood of patients with highly-vascularised hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and contribute to angiogenesis and neovascularisation. We hypothesised that angiogenic EPCs, that is, colony forming unit-endothelial cells (CFU-ECs), and outgrowth EPCs, that is, endothelial colony-forming cells, may exert paracrine effects on the behaviours and metastatic capacities of human hepatoma cells. DESIGN Various molecular and functional approaches ranging from in vitro cell culture studies on molecular signalling to in vivo investigations on cell invasion and orthotropic transplantation models in mice and clinical specimens from patients with HCC were used. RESULTS Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) was identified as a critical mediator released from CFU-ECs to contribute to the chemotaxis of Huh7 and Hep3B cells by inducing their microRNA-21 (miR-21) biogenesis through the C-C chemokine receptor-2/c-Jun N-terminal kinase/activator protein-1 signalling cascade. CFU-EC-induction of miR-21 in these cells activated their Rac1 and matrix metallopeptidase-9 by silencing Rho GTPase-activating protein-24 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3, respectively, leading to increased cell mobility. MCP-1-induction of miR-21 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of Huh7 cells in vitro and their intrahepatic metastatic capability in vivo. Moreover, increased numbers of MCP-1(+) EPCs and their positive correlations with miR-21 induction and metastatic stages in human HCC were found. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide new insights into the complexity of EPC-HCC interactions and indicate that anticancer therapies targeting either the MCP-1 released from angiogenic EPCs or the miR-21 biogenesis in HCC cells may prevent the malignant progression of primary tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tsung Shih
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Cun Wang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Peking University, Beijing, China Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hsin-Hsin Peng
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Yu Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jiann Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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11
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Simple M, Suresh A, Das D, Kuriakose MA. Cancer stem cells and field cancerization of Oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:643-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Xu XH, Pan W, Kang LH, Feng H, Song YQ. Association of annexin A2 with cancer development (Review). Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2121-8. [PMID: 25760910 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is a well-known calcium-dependent phospholipid binding protein widely distributed in the nucleus, cytoplasm and extracellular surface of various eukaryotic cells. It has been recognized as a pleiotropic protein affecting a wide range of molecular and cellular processes. Dysregulation and abnormal expression of ANXA2 are linked to a large number of prevalent diseases, including autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease, antiphospholipid syndrome, inflammation, diabetes mellitus and a series of cancers. Accumulating data suggest that ANXA2 is aberrantly expressed in a wide spectrum of cancers, and exerts profound effects on tumor cell adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis as well as tumor neovascularization via different modes of action. However, despite significant research, our knowledge of the mechanism by which ANXA2 participates in cancer development remains fragmented. The present review systematically summarizes the effects of ANXA2 on tumor progression, in an attempt to gain an improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms and to provide a potential effective target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Heng Xu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Kang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Hui Feng
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qiu Song
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
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Ansari AWW, Schmidt RE, Shankar EM, Kamarulzaman A. Immuno-pathomechanism of liver fibrosis: targeting chemokine CCL2-mediated HIV:HCV nexus. J Transl Med 2014; 12:341. [PMID: 25528160 PMCID: PMC4272802 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Even in the era of successful combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), co-infection of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains one of the leading causes of non-AIDS-related mortality and morbidity among HIV-positive individuals as a consequence of accelerated liver fibrosis and end-stage liver disease (ESLD). The perturbed liver microenvironment and induction of host pro-inflammatory mediators in response to HIV and HCV infections, play a pivotal role in orchestrating the disease pathogenesis and clinical outcomes. How these viruses communicate each other via chemokine CCL2 and exploit the liver specific cellular environment to exacerbate liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV co-infection setting is a topic of intense discussion. Herein, we provide recent views and insights on potential mechanisms of CCL2 mediated immuno-pathogenesis, and HIV-HCV cross-talk in driving liver inflammation. We believe CCL2 may potentially serve an attractive target of anti-fibrotic intervention against HIV/HCV co-infection associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Wahid Ansari
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lambah Pantai 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Lim JY, Kim YS, Kim Y. β-carotene Regulates the Murine Liver Microenvironment of a Metastatic Neuroblastoma. J Cancer Prev 2014; 18:337-45. [PMID: 25337563 PMCID: PMC4189442 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2013.18.4.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anticarcinogenic effects of β-carotene (BC) have been well-characterized. However, the effect of BC on the microenvironment of a tumor remains to be investigated, especially since normal tissue proximal to a tumor has been shown to play a critical role in cancer progression and metastasis. For young children, neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid cancer diagnosed. Therefore, in the present study, effect of BC on the murine liver microenvironment of a metastatic NB was evaluated. METHODS USING A MOUSE MODEL, THREE EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS WERE ESTABLISHED: control mice, mice receiving an injection of SK-N-BE(2)C cells (TC), and mice receiving an injection of SK-N-BE(2)C cells plus 2 mg/kg BC twice a week (BC). Eight weeks after the injection of tumor, liver tissues were collected from all three groups, with the TC and BC tissues collected proximal to the metastatic NBs. RESULTS Compared to control tissues, BC tissues exhibited lower levels of proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. Assays for these processes included the detection of lower levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bax, MMP2, and MMP9. In addition, higher levels of Bcl-2 were detected. Fewer cells undergoing an epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) were also observed in the BC group. Furthermore, BC tissues were associated with reduced expression of cancer stem cell marker, delta-like 1 homologue (DLK1), lower levels of VEGF mRNA and fewer CD31-positive cells. Finally, The antioxidant capability of the tumor microenvironment for the BC group was enhanced with higher expression levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase, and manganese superoxide (MnSOD) detected. CONCLUSION These data suggest that BC affects the microenvironment of a tumor, and this enhances the anti-cancer effects of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ye Lim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Sun Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Campillo A, Solanas E, Morandeira MJ, Castiella T, Lorente S, Garcia-Gil FA, Piazuelo E, de Martino A, Serrano MT. Angiogenesis and proliferation markers in adjacent cirrhotic tissue could predict hepatocellular carcinoma outcome after liver transplantation. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 26:871-9. [PMID: 24922356 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current staging systems for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) do not sufficiently predict outcomes after liver transplantation (LT). The present study assessed whether some tissue markers related to proliferation and angiogenesis have prognostic value. PATIENTS AND METHODS The expression of CD34, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGFR2, VEGFR1, angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, TIE2, COX-2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in tumor and adjacent cirrhotic tissue samples from 36 patients with HCC (n=10 with tumor recurrence after LT) was determined by immunochemistry. Microvessel density was assessed by CD34 staining and the PCNA labeling index calculated as the percentage of positive cells among at least 1000 hepatocyte nuclei studied in each sample using the computer program ContimUZ. VEGF, VEGFR2, VEGFR-1, angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, TIE2, and COX-2 staining were evaluated by two blinded pathologists. The tumor recurrence rate was analyzed after a minimum follow-up of 36 months. RESULTS A higher proliferation index in both tumor and adjacent cirrhotic tissue was related to HCC recurrence. The proliferation index in tumor tissue was also related to microvascular invasion. High expression (staining in ≥50% of hepatocytes) of COX2 [P=0.025, odds ratio (OR)=7.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-43.4], VEGF (P=0.01, OR=12, 95% CI 1.8-80.4), and its receptor VEGFR-2 (P=0.02, OR=8.5, 95% CI 1.4-49.5) in cirrhotic liver tissue, but not tumor tissue, was related to HCC recurrence after LT. CONCLUSION A high proliferation index in tumor and cirrhotic tissue and high expression levels of some angiogenic markers in adjacent cirrhotic tissue could be predictive of tumor recurrence after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Campillo
- Departments of aGastroenterology and Hepatology bHistopathology cSurgery, University Hospital Lozano Blesa dIIS Aragon, Aragon Institute of Health Sciences eMedical University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza fNetworked Biomedical Research Center Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Spain
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Abstract
Angiogenesis, defined as the formation of new microvasculature from preexisting blood vessels and mature endothelial cells, plays a major role in wound healing and scar formation, and it is associated with inflammatory responses. Angiogenesis can occur in physiological conditions, such as during liver regeneration, and in pathological situations, such as during the progression of fibrosis to cirrhosis and also during tumor angiogenesis. Cellular cross-talk among liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes is believed to play an important role in the angiogenesis process during both liver regeneration and development of cirrhosis. In addition to mature endothelial cells, bone marrow (BM)-derived circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been recently identified for their contribution to post-natal vasculogenesis/angiogenesis. In vivo, EPCs are mobilized into the peripheral blood in response to tissue ischemia or traumatic injury, migrate to the sites of injured endothelium and differentiate into mature endothelial cells. In our recent studies, we have explored the role of EPC-mediated angiogenesis in liver regeneration and/or cirrhosis. Results have demonstrated significantly increased endogenous levels of circulating EPCs in cirrhotic patients in comparison to the controls. Also, EPCs from cirrhotic patients have been observed to stimulate substantial angiogenesis by resident LSECs in vitro via paracrine factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor. This review gives an overview of the angiogenesis process in liver regeneration and disease and discusses a new mechanism for intrahepatic angiogenesis mediated by BM-derived EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savneet Kaur
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, 201312, UP, India.
| | - K Anita
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, 201312, UP, India
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Zhao Y, Yu P, Wu R, Ge Y, Wu J, Zhu J, Jia R. Renal cell carcinoma-adjacent tissues enhance mobilization and recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells to promote the invasion of the neoplasm. Biomed Pharmacother 2013; 67:643-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Fahey S, Dempsey E, Long A. The role of chemokines in acute and chronic hepatitis C infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 11:25-40. [PMID: 23954947 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2013.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C imposes a significant burden on global healthcare. Chronic infection is associated with progressive inflammation of the liver which typically manifests in cirrhosis, organ failure and cancer. By virtue of elaborate evasion strategies, hepatitis C virus (HCV) succeeds as a persistent human virus. It has an extraordinary capacity to subvert the immune response enabling it to establish chronic infections and associated liver disease. Chemokines are low molecular weight chemotactic peptides that mediate the recruitment of inflammatory cells into tissues and back into the lymphatics and peripheral blood. Thus, they are central to the temporal and spatial distribution of effector and regulatory immune cells. The interactions between chemokines and their cognate receptors help shape the immune response and therefore, have a major influence on the outcome of infection. However, chemokines represent a target for modulation by viruses including the HCV. HCV is known to modulate chemokine expression in vitro and may therefore enable its survival by subverting the immune response in vivo through altered leukocyte chemotaxis resulting in impaired viral clearance and the establishment of chronic low-grade inflammation. In this review, the roles of chemokines in acute and chronic HCV infection are described with a particular emphasis placed on chemokine modulation as a means of immune subversion. We provide an in depth discussion of the part played by chemokines in mediating hepatic fibrosis while addressing the potential applications for these chemoattractants in prognostic medicine.
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Yu DC, Feng WD, Shi XB, Wang ZY, Ge W, Jiang CP, Sun XT, Ding YT. Dynamic analysis for gene expression profiles of endothelial colony forming cells under hypoxia. Genes Genomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-012-0055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Cui G, Jiang H, Jin XL. Relationship between expression of Ki-67, VEGF and Cyclin D1 and biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:2622-2627. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i27.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the correlation between the expression of Ki-67, VEGF and Cyclin D1 and biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Ki-67, VEGF and Cyclin D1 in 52 HCC tissue samples and matched tumor-adjacent liver tissue samples.
RESULTS: The positive rates of Ki-67, VEGF and Cyclin D1 in HCC were 48.1%, 55.8% and 55.8%, respectively, significantly higher than those in tumor-adjacent liver tissue (all P < 0.001). The positive rate of Ki-67 in HCC tissue was significantly correlated with tumor size (P < 0.001), presence of extrahepatic metastasis, and tumor differentiation (both P < 0.05). The positive rates of VEGF and Cyclin D1 in HCC tissue was significantly correlated with intact tumor capsules, presence of extrahepatic metastasis, and tumor differentiation (all P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between expression of VEGF and that of Cyclin D1 in HCC (r = 0.374, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Overexpression of Ki-67, VEGF and Cyclin D1 proteins was correlated with biological behavior of HCC and might be associated with the development and progression of HCC.
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Sun XT, Yuan XW, Zhu HT, Deng ZM, Yu DC, Zhou X, Ding YT. Endothelial precursor cells promote angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:4925-33. [PMID: 23002366 PMCID: PMC3447276 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i35.4925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: The bone marrow of HCC mice was reconstructed by transplanting green fluorescent protein (GFP) + bone marrow cells. The concentration of circulating EPCs was determined by colony-forming assays and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Serum and tissue levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and colony-stimulating factor (CSF) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The distribution of EPCs in tumor and tumor-free tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The incorporation of EPCs into hepatic vessels was examined by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. The proportion of EPCs in vessels was then calculated.
RESULTS: The HCC model was successful established. The flow cytometry analysis showed the mean percentage of CD133CD34 and CD133VEGFR2 double positive cells in HCC mice was 0.45% ± 0.16% and 0.20% ± 0.09% respectively. These values are much higher than in the sham-operation group (0.11% ± 0.13%, 0.05% ± 0.11%, n = 9) at 14 d after modeling. At 21 d, the mean percentage of circulating CD133CD34 and CD133VEGFR2 cells is 0.23% ± 0.19%, 0.25% ± 0.15% in HCC model vs 0.05% ± 0.04%, 0.12% ± 0.11% in control. Compared to the transient increase observed in controls, the higher level of circulating EPCs were induced by HCC. In addition, the level of serum VEGF and CSF increased gradually in HCC, reaching its peak 14 d after modeling, then slowly decreased. Consecutive sections stained for the CD133 and CD34 antigens showed that the CD133+ and CD34+ VEGFR2 cells were mostly recruited to HCC tissue and concentrated in tumor microvessels. Under fluorescence microscopy, the bone-marrow (BM)-derived cells labeled with GFP were concentrated in the same area. The relative levels of CD133 and CD34 gene expression were elevated in tumors, around 5.0 and 3.8 times that of the tumor free area. In frozen liver sections from HCC mice, cells co-expressing CD133 and VEGFR2 were identified by immunohistochemical staining using anti-CD133 and VEGFR2 antibodies. In tumor tissue, the double-positive cells were incorporated into vessel walls. In immunofluorescent staining. These CD31 and GFP double positive cells are direct evidence that tumor vascular endothelial cells (VECs) come partly from BM-derived EPCs. The proportion of GFP CD31 double positive VECs (out of all VECs) on day 21 was around 35.3% ± 21.2%. This is much higher than the value recorded on day 7 group (17.1% ± 8.9%). The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular adhesion molecule 1, and VEGF was higher in tumor areas than in tumor-free tissues.
CONCLUSION: Mobilized EPCs were found to participate in tumor vasculogenesis of HCC. Inhibiting EPC mobilization or recruitment to tumor tissue may be an efficient strategy for treating HCC.
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Soliman HH, Nagy H, Kotb N, Alm El-Din MA. The role of chemokine CC ligand 20 in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Biol Markers. 2012;27:e125-e131. [PMID: 22388957 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2012.9097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To evaluate the role of chemokine CC ligand 20 (CCL20) as a biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety patients in four groups were enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study: 30 with HCC (group I), 30 with liver cirrhosis (group II), 15 with hepatitis C virus infection (group III), and 15 healthy blood donors as controls. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP), CCL20 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured in all groups. RESULTS Serum levels of CCL20 were significantly different among the study groups (F=230.979, p<0.001). The highest level was found in HCC patients (57.305 ± 6.386 pg/mL) followed by patients with cirrhosis (45.999 ± 5.165 pg/mL) compared with 22.781 ± 5.986 pg/mL and 18.585 ± 3.554 pg/mL in asymptomatic patients with HCV infection and controls, respectively. In HCC patients, CCL20 significantly correlated with VEGF (r=0.559, p=0.001), AFP (r=0.814, p<0.001), Child score (r=0.748, p<0.001), and tumor size (r=0.825, p<0.001). The cutoff value of CCL20 for the detection of HCC in HCV-infected patients was 54 pg/mL with 93.1% accuracy, 89.6% negative predictive value, 92.6% positive predictive value, 83.3% sensitivity, and 93.3% specificity. In patients with cirrhosis, CCL20 significantly correlated with VEGF (r=0.455, p=0.011), AFP (r=0.975, p<0.001), and Child score (r=0.977, p<0.001). CONCLUSION CCL20 may be used for the detection of HCC in HCV-infected patients with comparable specificity and higher sensitivity than AFP.
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Chen CH, Chang LT, Tung WC, Chen YL, Chang CL, Leu S, Sun CK, Tsai TH, Tsai IT, Chang HW, Yip HK. Levels and values of circulating endothelial progenitor cells, soluble angiogenic factors, and mononuclear cell apoptosis in liver cirrhosis patients. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:66. [PMID: 22809449 PMCID: PMC3414826 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The roles of circulating endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) and mononuclear cell apoptosis (MCA) in liver cirrhosis (LC) patients are unknown. Moreover, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α are powerful endogenous substances enhancing EPC migration into circulation. We assessed the level and function of EPCs [CD31/CD34 (E1), KDR/CD34 (E2), CXCR4/CD34 (E3)], levels of MCA, VEGF and SDF-1α in circulation of LC patients. Methods Blood sample was prospectively collected once for assessing EPC level and function, MCA, and plasma levels of VEGF and SDF-1α using flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively, in 78 LC patients and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Results Number of EPCs (E1, E2, E3) was lower (all p < 0.0001), whereas SDF-1α level and MCA were higher (p < 0.001) in study patients compared with healthy controls. Number of EPCs (E2, E3) was higher but MCA was lower (all p < 0.05) in Child's class A compared with Child's class B and C patients, although no difference in VEGF and SDF-1α levels were noted among these patients. Chronic hepatitis B and esophageal varices bleeding were independently, whereas chronic hepatitis C, elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and decompensated LC were inversely and independently correlated with circulating EPC level (all p < 0.03). Additionally, angiogenesis and transwell migratory ability of EPCs were reduced in LC patients than in controls (all p < 0.001). Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that level, angiogenic capacity, and function of circulating EPCs were significantly reduced, whereas plasma levels of SDF-1α and circulating MCA were substantially enhanced in cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Chen
- Divisions of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a form of cancer with a high mortality rate, and nearly eighty-five percent of PLC patients can not tolerate operation due to the combination with cirrhosis. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the first choice to cure unresectable liver cancer, but its effect is limited by portal vein blood supply. TACE cannot induce the necrosis of all tumor cells, and the residual tumor cells after operation is the source of relapse. Radiotherapy is a common therapy, but it may promote tumor angiogenesis and induce large hepatocellular carcinoma resistance and relapse. In this context, anti-angiogenesis therapy comes into focus. Researchers have studied to combine anti-angiogenesis therapy (achieved by antagonizing vascular endothelia growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)) with chemotherapy or radiotherapy to improve prognosis. The data from several groups show that anti-angiogenesis therapy restrains tumor grow and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Anti-angiogenesis-based combined therapy can increase survival and improve prognosis.
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Yu DC, Chen J, Ding YT. Hypoxic and highly angiogenic non-tumor tissues surrounding hepatocellular carcinoma: the 'niche' of endothelial progenitor cells. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:2901-9. [PMID: 21152281 PMCID: PMC2996747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11082901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous investigations showed that mobilized endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are enriched in non-tumor tissues (NT) surrounding hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), compared to in tumor tissues (TT). This particular recruitment of EPCs is worth investigating further. The mobilization, recruitment, homing, and incorporation of EPCs into tumors require the participation of multiple factors, including angiogenic factors, adherent molecules, endothelial cells, hypoxic environment, etc. Therefore, we hypothesized that NT might be a hypoxic and highly angiogenic area, into which many more EPCs are recruited and homed. In the last three years, we evaluated the hypoxic condition, angiogenic factors and angiogenic index using frozen tissues or tissue microarrays from 105 patients who had undergone hepatectomy for HCC, and here we review our results and the studies of others. All results showed the expression of Hypoxiainducible factor-1α was higher in NT than in TT. The expression of VEGFA, bFGF, TGF-β, MCP-1, MMP-9, TIMP-2, and endostatin in NT was significantly higher than in normal liver and TT. Meanwhile, the expression of CD105—the surface marker of activated endothelial cells—was also higher in NT than in TT at the protein and mRNA levels. These investigations showed that NT is a hypoxic and highly angiogenic area, which may be the ‘niche’ of EPCs. The particular background in HCC may be related to liver cirrhosis. Therefore, non-tumor tissues surrounding HCC may be the ‘niche’ of endothelial progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Cai Yu
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; E-Mail:
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; E-Mail:
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; E-Mail:
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Tao Ding
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; E-Mail:
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; E-Mail:
- * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-25-833-046-16, ext. 66866; Fax: +86-25-833-170-16
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