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Naser K, Haq Z, Naughton BD. The Impact of Climate Change on Health Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematised Review and Thematic Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2024; 21:434. [PMID: 38673345 PMCID: PMC11050668 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of climate change on health services as categorized by the WHO's Building Blocks for creating Climate-Resilient Health Systems. Objective: The objective was to conduct a systematized review of the published literature concerning the impact of climate change, using a thematic analysis approach to address our aim and identify areas for further research. Design: A search was conducted on 8 February 2022 using the Embase and PubMed research databases. Peer-reviewed scientific studies that were published in English from 2012 to 2022, which described at least one report concerning the impact of climate change on health services in LMICs, were included. Studies were organized based on their key characteristics, which included the date of publication, objective, method, limitations, participants, and geographical focus. The Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Results: Twenty-three studies were included in this review. Five areas of health services which align with the WHO building blocks framework were impacted by climate change. These health service areas included: (1) Service Delivery, (2) Human Resources, (3) Health Finance, (4) Healthcare Products and Technology, and (5) Leadership and Governance. However, research concerning the impact of climate change on health information systems, which is part of the WHO building blocks framework, did not feature in our study. The climatic effects were divided into three themes: meteorological effects, extreme weather events, and general. The research in this study found that climate change had a detrimental impact on a variety of health services, with service delivery being the most frequently reported. The risk of bias varied greatly between studies. Conclusions: Climate change has negatively impacted health services in a variety of different ways, and without further actions, this problem is likely to worsen. The WHO building blocks have provided a useful lens through which to review health services. We built an aligned framework to describe our findings and to support future climate change impact assessments in this area. We propose that further research concerning the impact of climate change on health information systems would be valuable, as well as further education and responsible policy changes to help build resilience in health services affected by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamar Naser
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, D02PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zaeem Haq
- Save the Children St Vincent House, 30 Orange Street, London WC2H 7HH, UK
| | - Bernard D. Naughton
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, D02PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Medicine Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Kings College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
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Alam E, Collins AE, Islam ARMT, Paul A, Islam MK. Change in cyclone disaster vulnerability and response in coastal Bangladesh. Disasters 2024; 48:e12608. [PMID: 37574656 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The number of deaths owing to tropical cyclones in Bangladesh has significantly reduced. Category 4 Cyclone Gorky in 1991 and Sidr in 2007 caused 147,000 and 4,500 deaths respectively, whereas Category 1 Cyclone Mora in 2017 resulted in six. Face-to-face interviews with 362 residents, participant observation, and focus-group discussions answer a research question about how change in coastal areas has contributed to this outcome. The study considered institutional approaches of disaster risk management through legal frameworks, administrative arrangements, cyclone preparedness activities, cyclone detection and early warning dissemination, construction of shelter centres, strengthening of various types of coastal embankments, paved roads, and pre-cyclone evacuation. The findings indicate significant improvement in house structures and design, income levels and diversification, education, awareness, individual capacity, poverty reduction, and lowering dependency on agriculture-based earning. Furthermore, the availability of mobile telephones, radio, television, and social media platforms enhanced social connectivity and greater gender equality and empowerment helped to facilitate disaster preparedness, evacuation, and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edris Alam
- Associate Researcher, Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Professor, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Andrew E Collins
- Professor, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, United Kingdom
| | - Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam
- Associate Professor, Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University
- Professor, Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh
| | - Alak Paul
- Professor, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamrul Islam
- Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
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Chen CH, Lin WY, Lee KY, Sun WJ, Huang LY, Guo YLL. Adaptation behaviors modify the effects of body fat on heat-related symptoms among Taiwanese elderly. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 255:114296. [PMID: 37979230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging process increases body fat and susceptibility to heat-related illnesses. The relationship between body composition and symptoms associated with exposure to extreme heat among the elderly is unclear. Additionally, the influence of individual adaptive behaviors in mitigating these risks has not been adequately explored. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the association between body composition and heat-related symptoms as well as the potential modifying effects of heat adaptation behavior. METHODS The body composition of elderly individuals was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Face-to-face interviews were conducted a year later to determine the heat-related symptoms and adaptive behaviors practiced for the extremely hot days of the previous year. The association between body composition indices and the presence of more than two symptoms was assessed using logistic regression analysis, while stratified analysis and interaction term in models were used to evaluate the effect modifications of adaptive behaviors. RESULTS Of the 859 participants, 16% reported more than two heat-related symptoms. Increased body fat mass index (fat mass in kg/squared height in meters) was associated with an elevated risk of more heat-related symptoms (odds ratio 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.20). Each combination of staying indoors, using an umbrella and hat, and using air conditioning at noon reduced the risk association between body fat and symptoms. For females, a combination of reducing physical activity and staying indoors provided similar protective effect. Surprisingly, bathing more frequently in hot weather with heated instead of non-heated water augmented the risk correlation. Neither fan usage nor window opening displayed protective effects. CONCLUSIONS Elevated body fat levels, indicative of obesity, corresponded with an increased risk of heat-related symptoms. Integrating multiple adaptive behaviors can diminish the negative health impact of body fat on heat-induced symptoms. However, certain commonly adopted practices might not confer expected benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsien Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Lin
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jung Sun
- Department of Community Medicine, Center of R/D in Community Based Palliative Care, Holistic Mental Health Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Family Medicine Division, Taipei City Hospital Zhongxing Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Medical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Liang Leon Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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Kiarsi M, Amiresmaili M, Mahmoodi MR, Farahmandnia H, Nakhaee N, Zareiyan A, Aghababaeian H. Heat waves and adaptation: A global systematic review. J Therm Biol 2023; 116:103588. [PMID: 37499408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the increasing trend of global warming and extreme weather conditions, including heat waves and its effects on health, the present study was done to investigate adaptive behaviors of communities in the world for combating heat waves. METHOD ology: In this systematic review, out of 1529 results, 57 relevant and authoritative English papers on adaptation to heat waves hazard were extracted and evaluated using valid keywords from valid databases (PubMed, WOS, EMBASE, and Scopus). In addition, multiple screening steps were done and then, the selected papers were qualitatively assessed. Evaluation results were summarized using an Extraction Table. RESULTS In this paper, the adaptive behaviors for combating heat waves hazard were summarized into 11 categories: Education and awareness raising, Adaptation of critical infrastructure, Governments measures, Health-related measures, Application of early warning system, Protective behaviors in workplace, Physical condition, Adaptive individual behaviors, Design and architecture of the building, Green infrastructure (green cover), and Urban design. CONCLUSION The findings of this study showed that community actions have significant effects on adaptation to heat wave. Therefore, for reducing heat wave-related negative health effects and vulnerability, more attention should be paid to the above-mentioned actions for mitigation, preparation, and responding regarding heat waves. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021257747.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kiarsi
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran; Center for Climate Change and Health Research (CCCHR), Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Amiresmaili
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Mahmoodi
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hojjat Farahmandnia
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Nouzar Nakhaee
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Health Services Management Research Center, Institute of Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Armin Zareiyan
- Public Health Department, Health in Emergencies and Disasters Department, Nursing Faculty, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Aghababaeian
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran; Center for Climate Change and Health Research (CCCHR), Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
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Dewi SP, Kasim R, Sutarsa IN, Hunter A, Dykgraaf SH. Effects of climate-related risks and extreme events on health outcomes and health utilization of primary care in rural and remote areas: a scoping review. Fam Pract 2023; 40:486-497. [PMID: 36718099 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmac151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rural populations are at risk of climate-related impacts due to ecological and geographical determinants, potentially leading to greater morbidity and health utilization. They are often highly dependent on primary care services. However, no rural- or primary care specific synthesis of these issues has ever been conducted. This review aimed to identify, characterize, and summarize existing research on the effects of climate-related events on utilization and health outcomes of primary care in rural and remote areas and identify related adaptation strategies used in primary care to climate-related events. METHODS A scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines was conducted, examining peer-reviewed English-language articles published up to 31 October 2022. Eligible papers were empirical studies conducted in primary care settings that involved climate-related events as exposures, and health outcomes or utilization as study outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted relevant information from selected papers. Data were analysed using content analysis and presented using a narrative approach. RESULTS We screened 693 non-duplicate papers, of those, 60 papers were analysed. Climate-related events were categorized by type, with outcomes described in terms of primary, secondary, and tertiary effects. Disruption of primary care often resulted from shortages in health resources. Primary care may be ill-prepared for climate-related events but has an important role in supporting the development of community. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest various effects of climate-related events on primary care utilization and health outcomes in rural and remote areas. There is a need to prepare rural and remote primary care service before and after climate-related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Puspa Dewi
- Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Rosny Kasim
- Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - I Nyoman Sutarsa
- Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Arnagretta Hunter
- Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sally Hall Dykgraaf
- Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Hossain B, Shi G, Ajiang C, Sarker MNI, Sohel MS, Sun Z, Hamza A. Impact of climate change on human health: evidence from riverine island dwellers of Bangladesh. Int J Environ Health Res 2022; 32:2359-2375. [PMID: 34374325 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1964447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the impact of climate change on health, including local adaptation strategies. A mixed-method approach has been used in this study. The results reveal that increasing the frequency of flooding, severity of riverbank erosion and drought, and rising disease outbreak are the highest indicators of climate change perceived by riverine island (char) dwellers, which is similar to the observed data. It also uncovers, approximately all respondents encounter several health-related issues during different seasons where prevailing cold and cough with fever, skin diseases, and diarrhoea are the leading ailments. Several adaptation strategies are accommodated by char inhabitants in order to enhance resilience against the climate change health impacts, but the paucity of money, disrupted communication, lack of formal health-care centre are the most obstacles to the sustainability of adaptation. This research recommends that healthcare-associated project should be performed through proper monitoring for exterminating char dwellers' health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babul Hossain
- Research Center for Environment and Society, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqing Shi
- Asian Research Center of Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Ajiang
- Research Center for Environment and Society, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Md Nazirul Islam Sarker
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | | | - Zhonggen Sun
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Amir Hamza
- Department Sociology, School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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Hossain B, Shi G, Ajiang C, Sarker MNI, Sohel MS, Sun Z, Yang Q. Climate change induced human displacement in Bangladesh: Implications on the livelihood of displaced riverine island dwellers and their adaptation strategies. Front Psychol 2022; 13:964648. [PMID: 36312059 PMCID: PMC9606668 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.964648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Bangladesh, many people are being displaced in riverine island (char) areas every year due to climate change and its associated natural catastrophes. This study intends to investigate the impact of climate change on internally displaced char people's lives and livelihoods along with local adaptation strategies and hindrances to the coping mechanism. Data have been collected from 280 internally displaced households in two sub-districts. A mixed-method approach has been considered combined with qualitative and quantitative methods. The results disclose that frequent flooding, riverbank erosion, and crop loss are the leading causes for relocation, and social relations are impeded in the new place of residence. Increasing summer and winter temperatures, recurrent flooding, severity of riverbank erosion, and expanding disease outbreaks are also important indicators of climate change identified by displaced people, which are consistent with observed data. This study also reveals that almost all households come across severe livelihood issues like food shortage, unemployment and income loss, and housing and sanitation problems due to the changing climate associated with disasters in the former and present places. In response to this, the displaced people acclimatize applying numerous adaptation strategies in order to boost the livelihood resilience against climate change. However, fragile housing, financial conditions, and lack of own land are still the highest impediments to the sustainability of adaptation. Therefore, along with the government, several organizations should implement a dynamic resettlement project through appropriate scrutiny to eradicate the livelihood complications of internally displaced people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babul Hossain
- Management Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqing Shi
- National Research Center for Resettlement, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Ajiang
- Research Center for Environment and Society, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Zhonggen Sun
- Asian Research Center, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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Mukhopadhyay B, Weitz CA. Heat Exposure, Heat-Related Symptoms and Coping Strategies among Elderly Residents of Urban Slums and Rural Vilages in West Bengal, India. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:12446. [PMID: 36231746 PMCID: PMC9564637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The impact of heat stress among the elderly in India-particularly the elderly poor-has received little or no attention. Consequently, their susceptibility to heat-related illnesses is virtually unknown, as are the strategies they use to avoid, or deal with, the heat. This study examined perceptions of comfort, heat-related symptoms, and coping behaviors of 130 elderly residents of Kolkata slums and 180 elderly residents of rural villages south of Kolkata during a 90-day period when the average 24-h heat indexes were between 38.6 °C and 41.8 °C. Elderly participants in this study reported being comfortable under relatively warm conditions-probably explained by acclimatization to the high level of experienced heat stress. The prevalence of most heat-related symptoms was significantly greater among elderly women, who also were more likely to report multiple symptoms and more severe symptoms. Elderly women in the rural villages were exposed to significantly hotter conditions during the day than elderly men, making it likely that gender differences in symptom frequency, number and severity were related to gender differences in heat stress. Elderly men and elderly village residents made use of a greater array of heat-coping behaviors and exhibited fewer heat-related symptoms than elderly women and elderly slum residents. Overall, heat measurements and heat-related symptoms were less likely to be significant predictors of most coping strategies than personal characteristics, building structures and location. This suggests that heat-coping behaviors during hot weather were the result of complex, culturally influenced decisions based on many different considerations besides just heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barun Mukhopadhyay
- Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700 108, India
- Indian Anthropological Society, Kolkata 700 019, India
| | - Charles A. Weitz
- Department of Anthropology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Khanam SJ, Haque MA. Prevalence and determinants of malnutrition among primary school going children in the haor areas of Kishoreganj district of Bangladesh. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08077. [PMID: 34632144 PMCID: PMC8487025 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of malnutrition (stunting, wasting, underweight) among primary school going children in haor2 area of Bangladesh, to identify the determinants for which the rates of malnutrition differ among the study population and to analyse the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and malnutrition among primary school going children. Design The study was conducted in the haor areas of Kishoreganj district in Bangladesh. A cross sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 400 children of aged 5–10 years using semi-structured questionnaire. The outcomes variables considered were stunting, wasting and underweight calculated following the World Health Organization anthropometric guidelines of 2006. Children and their parents’ socio-demographic characteristics were considered as the exposure variables. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the respondents. Binary logistic regression model was used to determine the factors associated with the malnutrition. Results Around half (48%) of the total children analysed were wasted at the time of the survey following around 40.5% were underweight and 38% were stunted. The likelihoods of occurring stunting, wasting and underweight were found higher among female children than their male counterpart. The prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were 39%, 54% and 45% among girls whereas the prevalence was 36%, 42% and 36% among the boys, respectively. The likelihoods of becoming malnourished were found to be increased with the increase ages of the children, from the ages 5–6 years. Higher the number of children in the family and delay of giving complementary food after six months were also found associated with the higher odds of becoming malnourished. In contrary, increased meal frequency, solvency with land ownership were found associated with the reduced odds of becoming malnourished. Conclusion Prevalence of malnutrition among primary school going children in haor areas of Bangladesh is higher than its other geographical regions. The prevalence is even higher among the female children. Proper nutritional education of parents is important along with the supports for the parents who do not have the capacity to provide nutritional food for their children. Parents of the female children should be given priority.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Aminul Haque
- Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Lauriola P, Serafini A, Santamaria M, Guicciardi S, Kurotschka PK, Leonardi GS, Zeka A, Segredo E, Bassi MC, Gokdemir O, Tommasi F, Vinci E, Romizi R, Mcgushin A, Barros E, Abelsohn A, Pegoraro S. Family doctors to connect global concerns due to climate change with local actions : State‐of‐the art and some proposals. World Medical & Health Policy 2021; 13:199-223. [DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Chowdhury MA, Hasan MK, Hasan MR, Younos TB. Climate change impacts and adaptations on health of Internally Displaced People (IDP): An exploratory study on coastal areas of Bangladesh. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05018. [PMID: 33024856 PMCID: PMC7527639 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year thousands of people are being displaced in coastal areas of Bangladesh due to natural calamities associated with climate change, known as Internally Displaced Peoples (IDPs). Climate change adaptation measures play a significant role in coping with the alteration of climatic components, while various forms of barriers hinder the sustainability of adaptation. This research was conducted to understand the perception of IDPs on climate change impact on health in the coastal areas of Bangladesh, including the adaptation practices and barriers to the coping strategies. To fulfill the objective, 420 individual surveys were conducted randomly in two Sub-districts of Khulna district in Bangladesh. The findings reveal that the riverbank erosion and cyclones were the primary reasons for displacement, and the social relationships were hampered in the new places of living. Also, the temperature in summer and winter, and the rainfall intensity increased, whereas rainfall slightly decreased over the last ten years. Differences of opinion were identified about the effects of the changing climatic variables on the respondents' health between the previous and present locations. Despite practicing different adaptive strategies, the weak financial condition and a lack of access to health care information are mostly hindering the sustainability of adaptation. This research may help policymakers in taking proper initiatives to ensure sustainable adaptation practices in the coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arif Chowdhury
- Institute of Disaster Management and Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Institute of Water and Flood Management, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Khalid Hasan
- Institute of Disaster Management and Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Robiul Hasan
- Institute of Disaster Management and Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Institute of Water and Flood Management, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Bintay Younos
- Institute of Disaster Management and Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Vu A, Rutherford S, Phung D. Heat Health Prevention Measures and Adaptation in Older Populations-A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E4370. [PMID: 31717424 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The population of older people is increasing at a rapid rate, with those 80 years and older set to triple by 2050. This systematic review aimed to examine older people’s perceptions and behaviours against existing heatwaves prevention measures and systematically categorize and analyse those measures using the Ottawa charter for health promotion framework. Peer-reviewed published literature between 22nd September 2006 and 24th April 2018 was retrieved, according to the PRISMA guidelines, from five different databases. Eighteen articles were finally included. There is a lack of published studies from developing countries. Results were categorized and analysed using the Ottawa charter five action areas. Mitigation strategies from current heat action plans are discussed and gaps are highlighted. A lack of systematic evaluation of heat action plans efficacy was identified. Older people are not demonstrating all recommended preventative measures during heatwaves. Support personnel and health professionals are not being pro-active enough in facilitating prevention of adverse effects from heatwaves. Governments are beginning to implement policy changes, but other recommended support measures outlined in the Ottawa charter are still lacking, and hence require further action. Linkage between specific components of heat action plans and outcomes cannot be ascertained; therefore, more systematic evaluation is needed.
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Kabir A, Maitrot MRL. Exploring the effects of health shocks on anti-poverty interventions: Experience of poor beneficiary households in Bangladesh. Cogent Medicine 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2018.1468233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathilde Rose Louise Maitrot
- Lecturer in International Development and Global Social Policy, Department of Social Policy and Social Work, The University of York, York, United Kingdom
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Tahsina T, Ali NB, Siddique MAB, Ahmed S, Rahman M, Islam S, Rahman MM, Amena B, Hoque DME, Huda TM, Arifeen SE. Determinants of hardship financing in coping with out of pocket payment for care seeking of under five children in selected rural areas of Bangladesh. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196237. [PMID: 29758022 PMCID: PMC5951548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Around 63% of total health care expenditure in Bangladesh is mitigated through out of pocket payment (OOP). Heavy reliance on OOP at the time of care seeking poses great threat for financial impoverishment of the households. Households employ different strategies to cope with the associated financial hardship. Objective The aim of this paper is to understand the determinants of hardship financing in coping with OOP adopted for health care seeking of under five childhood illnesses in rural setting of Bangladesh. Methods A community based cross sectional survey was conducted during August to October, 2014 in 15 low performing sub-districts of northern and north-east regions of Bangladesh. Of the 7039 mothers of under five children surveyed, 1895 children who suffered from illness and sought care for their illness episodes were reported in this study. Descriptive statistics and ordinal regression analysis were conducted. Results A total number of 7,039 under five children reported to have suffered illness by their mothers. Among these children 37% suffered from priority illness. Care was sought for 88% children suffering from illnesses. Among them 26% went to a public or private sector medically trained provider. 5% of households incurred illness cost more than 10% of the household’s monthly expenditure. The need for assistance was higher among those compared to others (31% vs 13%). Different financing mechanisms adopted to meet OOP are loan with interest (6%), loan without interest (9%) and financial help from relatives (6%) Need for financial assistance varied from 19% among households in the lowest quintile to 9% in the highest wealth. Ordinal regression analysis revealed that burden of hardship financing increases by 2.17 times when care is sought from a private trained provider compared to care seeking from untrained provider (CI: 1.49, 3.17). Similarly, for families that incur a health care expenditure that is more than 10% of their total monthly expenditure (CI:1.46, 3.88), the probability of falling into more severe financial burden increases by 2.4 times. We also found severity of the hardship financing to be around half for households with monthly income of more than BDT 7500 (OR = 0.56, CI: 0.37, 0.86). The burden increased by 2.10 times for households with a deficit (CI: 1.53, 2.88) between their monthly income and expenditure. The interaction between family income and severity of illness showed to significantly affect the scale of hardship financing. Children suffering from priority illness belonging to poor households were found have two times (CI: 1.09, 3.47) higher risks of suffering from hardship financing. Conclusion and policy implications Findings from this study will help the policy makers to identify the target groups and thereby design effective health financing programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tazeen Tahsina
- Maternal and Child Health Division (MCHD), icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Nazia Binte Ali
- Maternal and Child Health Division (MCHD), icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sameen Ahmed
- Department of Economics, George Washington University, Washington DC, United Sates of America
| | | | - Sajia Islam
- Maternal and Child Health Division (MCHD), icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Bushra Amena
- Nobokoli Program, World Vision, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Tanvir M. Huda
- Maternal and Child Health Division (MCHD), icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shams El Arifeen
- Maternal and Child Health Division (MCHD), icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Nahar N, Asaduzzaman M, Sultana R, Garcia F, Paul RC, Abedin J, Sazzad HMS, Rahman M, Gurley ES, Luby SP. A large-scale behavior change intervention to prevent Nipah transmission in Bangladesh: components and costs. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:225. [PMID: 28651646 PMCID: PMC5485710 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nipah virus infection (NiV) is a bat-borne zoonosis transmitted to humans through consumption of NiV-contaminated raw date palm sap in Bangladesh. The objective of this analysis was to measure the cost of an NiV prevention intervention and estimate the cost of scaling it up to districts where spillover had been identified. Methods We implemented a behavior change communication intervention in two districts, testing different approaches to reduce the risk of NiV transmission using community mobilization, interpersonal communication, posters and TV public service announcements on local television during the 2012–2014 sap harvesting seasons. In one district, we implemented a “no raw sap” approach recommending to stop drinking raw date palm sap. In another district, we implemented an “only safe sap” approach, recommending to stop drinking raw date palm sap but offering the option of drinking safe sap. This is sap covered with a barrier, locally called bana, to interrupt bats’ access during collection. We conducted surveys among randomly selected respondents two months after the intervention to measure the proportion of people reached. We used an activity-based costing method to calculate the cost of the intervention. Results The implementation cost of the “no raw sap” intervention was $30,000 and the “only safe sap” intervention was $55,000. The highest cost was conducting meetings and interpersonal communication efforts. The lowest cost was broadcasting the public service announcements on local TV channels. To scale up a similar intervention in 30 districts where NiV spillover has occurred, would cost between $2.6 and $3.5 million for one season. Placing the posters would cost $96,000 and only broadcasting the public service announcement through local channels in 30 districts would cost $26,000. Conclusions Broadcasting a TV public service announcement is a potential low cost option to advance NiV prevention. It could be supplemented with posters and targeted interpersonal communication, in districts with a high risk of NiV spillover. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2549-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmun Nahar
- icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh. .,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mahmudur Rahman
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Stephen P Luby
- Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Stojanov R, Kelman I, Ullah A, Duží B, Procházka D, Blahůtová K. Local Expert Perceptions of Migration as a Climate Change Adaptation in Bangladesh. Sustainability 2016; 8:1223. [DOI: 10.3390/su8121223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kabir MI, Rahman MB, Smith W, Lusha MAF, Milton AH. Climate change and health in Bangladesh: a baseline cross-sectional survey. Glob Health Action 2016; 9:29609. [PMID: 27049012 PMCID: PMC4821870 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v9.29609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bangladesh is facing the unavoidable challenge of adaptation to climate change. However, very little is known in relation to climate change and health. This article provides information on potential climate change impact on health, magnitude of climate-sensitive diseases, and baseline scenarios of health systems to climate variability and change. DESIGN A cross-sectional study using multistage cluster sampling framework was conducted in 2012 among 6,720 households of 224 rural villages in seven vulnerable districts of Bangladesh. Information was obtained from head of the households using a pretested, interviewer-administered, structured questionnaire. A total of 6,720 individuals participated in the study with written, informed consent. RESULTS The majority of the respondents were from the low-income vulnerable group (60% farmers or day labourers) with an average of 30 years' stay in their locality. Most of them (96%) had faced extreme weather events, 45% of people had become homeless and displaced for a mean duration of 38 days in the past 10 years. Almost all of the respondents (97.8%) believe that health care expenditure increased after the extreme weather events. Mean annual total health care expenditure was 6,555 Bangladeshi Taka (BDT) (1 USD=77 BDT in 2015) and exclusively out of pocket of the respondents. Incidence of dengue was 1.29 (95% CI 0.65-2.56) and malaria 13.86 (95% CI 6.00-32.01) per 1,000 adult population for 12 months preceding the data collection. Incidence of diarrhoea and pneumonia among under-five children of the households for the preceding month was 10.3% (95% CI 9.16-11.66) and 7.3% (95% CI 6.35-8.46), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this survey indicate that climate change has a potential adverse impact on human health in Bangladesh. The magnitude of malaria, dengue, childhood diarrhoea, and pneumonia was high among the vulnerable communities. Community-based adaptation strategy for health could be beneficial to minimise climate change attributed health burden of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Iqbal Kabir
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, NIPSOM, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Climate Change and Health Promotion Unit, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh;
| | - Md Bayzidur Rahman
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wayne Smith
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Abul Hasnat Milton
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Kabir MI, Rahman MB, Smith W, Lusha MAF, Azim S, Milton AH. Knowledge and perception about climate change and human health: findings from a baseline survey among vulnerable communities in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:266. [PMID: 26979241 PMCID: PMC4791871 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bangladesh is one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change (CC). A basic understanding of public perception on vulnerability, attitude and the risk in relation to CC and health will provide strategic directions for government policy, adaptation strategies and development of community-based guidelines. The objective of this study was to collect community-based data on peoples' knowledge and perception about CC and its impact on health. METHODS In 2012, a cross-sectional survey was undertaken among 6720 households of 224 enumeration areas of rural villages geographically distributed in seven vulnerable districts of Bangladesh, with total population of 19,228,598. Thirty households were selected randomly from each enumeration area using the household listing provided by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Information was collected from all the 6720 research participants using a structured questionnaire. An observation checklist was used by the interviewers to collect household- and community-related information. In addition, we selected the head of each household as the eligible participant for an interview. Evidence of association between sociodemographic variables and knowledge of CC was explored by cross-tabulation and measured using chi-square tests. Logistic regression models were used to further explore the predictors of knowledge. RESULTS The study revealed that the residents of the rural communities selected for this study largely come from a low socioeconomic background: only 9.6% had postsecondary education or higher, the majority worked as day labourer or farmer (60%), and only 10% earned a monthly income above BDT 12000 (equivalent to US $150 approx.). The majority of the participants (54.2%) had some knowledge about CC but 45.8% did not (p < 0.001). The majority of knowledgeable participants (n = 3645) felt excessive temperature as the change of climate (83.2%). Among all the respondents (n = 6720), 94.5% perceived change in climate and extreme weather events. Most of them (91.9%) observed change in rainfall patterns in the last 10 years, and 97.8% people think their health care expenditure increased after the extreme weather events. Age, educational qualification, monthly income, and occupation were significantly associated with the knowledge about climate change (p < 0.001). People with higher educational level or who live near a school were more knowledgeable about CC and its impact on health. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge level about CC in our study group was average but the perception and awareness of CC related events and its impact on health was high. The most influential factor leading to understanding of CC and its impact on health was education. School-based intervention could be explored to increase peoples' knowledge about CC and necessary health adaptation at community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Iqbal Kabir
- />Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308 Australia
- />National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, NIPSOM, Mohakhali, Dhaka Bangladesh
- />Climate Change and Health Promotion Unit, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Bayzidur Rahman
- />School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wayne Smith
- />Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Mirza Afreen Fatima Lusha
- />Climate Change and Health Promotion Unit, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Azim
- />School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Abul Hasnat Milton
- />Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308 Australia
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Akter T, Jhohura FT, Akter F, Chowdhury TR, Mistry SK, Dey D, Barua MK, Islam MA, Rahman M. Water Quality Index for measuring drinking water quality in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. J Health Popul Nutr 2016; 35:4. [PMID: 26860541 PMCID: PMC5025985 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-016-0041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health is at risk due to chemical contaminants in drinking water which may have immediate health consequences. Drinking water sources are susceptible to pollutants depending on geological conditions and agricultural, industrial, and other man-made activities. Ensuring the safety of drinking water is, therefore, a growing problem. To assess drinking water quality, we measured multiple chemical parameters in drinking water samples from across Bangladesh with the aim of improving public health interventions. METHODS In this cross-sectional study conducted in 24 randomly selected upazilas, arsenic was measured in drinking water in the field using an arsenic testing kit and a sub-sample was validated in the laboratory. Water samples were collected to test water pH in the laboratory as well as a sub-sample of collected drinking water was tested for water pH using a portable pH meter. For laboratory testing of other chemical parameters, iron, manganese, and salinity, drinking water samples were collected from 12 out of 24 upazilas. RESULTS Drinking water at sample sites was slightly alkaline (pH 7.4 ± 0.4) but within acceptable limits. Manganese concentrations varied from 0.1 to 5.5 mg/L with a median value of 0.2 mg/L. The median iron concentrations in water exceeded WHO standards (0.3 mg/L) at most of the sample sites and exceeded Bangladesh standards (1.0 mg/L) at a few sample sites. Salinity was relatively higher in coastal districts. After laboratory confirmation, arsenic concentrations were found higher in Shibchar (Madaripur) and Alfadanga (Faridpur) compared to other sample sites exceeding WHO standard (0.01 mg/L). Of the total sampling sites, 33 % had good-quality water for drinking based on the Water Quality Index (WQI). However, the majority of the households (67 %) used poor-quality drinking water. CONCLUSIONS Higher values of iron, manganese, and arsenic reduced drinking water quality. Awareness raising on chemical contents in drinking water at household level is required to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahera Akter
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Fatema Tuz Jhohura
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Fahmida Akter
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Tridib Roy Chowdhury
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Digbijoy Dey
- BRAC Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Programme, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Milan Kanti Barua
- BRAC Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Programme, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Akramul Islam
- BRAC Tuberculosis Programme, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
- BRAC Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Programme, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Mahfuzar Rahman
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
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Beier D, Brzoska P, Khan MMH. Indirect consequences of extreme weather and climate events and their associations with physical health in coastal Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. Glob Health Action 2015; 8:29016. [PMID: 26477878 PMCID: PMC4609650 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v8.29016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bangladesh is one of the countries in the world which is most prone to natural disasters. The overall situation is expected to worsen, since extreme weather and climate events (EWCE) are likely to increase in both frequency and intensity. Indirect consequences caused in the events’ aftermath widen the range of possible adverse health outcomes. Objective To assess the association of indirect consequences of EWCE and physical health. Design We used recent cross-sectional self-reported data from 16 coastal villages in Bangladesh. A total of 980 households were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The outcome of physical health was categorized into three groups, reflecting the severity of reported diseases by the respective source of treatment as a proxy variable (hospital/clinic for severe disease, other source/no treatment for moderate disease, and no disease). The final statistical analysis was conducted using multinomial logistic regression. Results Severe diseases were significantly associated with drinking water from open sources [odds ratio (OR): 4.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.25–8.09] and tube wells (OR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.43–4.01), moderate harm by river erosion (OR: 6.24, 95% CI: 2.76–14.11), food scarcity (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.16–3.40), and the perception of increased employment problems (OR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.18–4.07). Moderate diseases were significantly associated with moderate harm by river erosion (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.28–5.48) and fully experienced food scarcity (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.16–2.63). For both categories, women and the elderly had higher chances for diseases. Conclusions Indirect consequences of EWCE were found to be associated with adverse health outcomes. Basic needs such as drinking water, food production, and employment opportunities are particularly likely to become threatened by EWCE and, thus, may lead to a higher likelihood of ill-health. Intervention strategies should concentrate on protection and provision of basic needs such as safe drinking water and food in the aftermath of an event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Beier
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Brzoska
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Sociology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Md Mobarak Hossain Khan
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany;
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Stoutenborough J, Kirkpatrick K, Field M, Vedlitz A. What Butterfly Effect? The Contextual Differences in Public Perceptions of the Health Risk Posed by Climate Change. Climate 2015; 3:668-88. [DOI: 10.3390/cli3030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kabir MI, Rahman MB, Smith W, Lusha MAF, Milton AH. Child Centred Approach to Climate Change and Health Adaptation through Schools in Bangladesh: A Cluster Randomised Intervention Trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134993. [PMID: 26252381 PMCID: PMC4529232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. People are getting educated at different levels on how to deal with potential impacts. One such educational mode was the preparation of a school manual, for high school students on climate change and health protection endorsed by the National Curriculum and Textbook Board, which is based on a 2008 World Health Organization manual. The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of the manual in increasing the knowledge level of the school children about climate change and health adaptation. Methods This cluster randomized intervention trial involved 60 schools throughout Bangladesh, with 3293 secondary school students participating. School upazilas (sub-districts) were randomised into intervention and control groups, and two schools from each upazila were randomly selected. All year seven students from both groups of schools sat for a pre-test of 30 short questions of binary response. A total of 1515 students from 30 intervention schools received the intervention through classroom training based on the school manual and 1778 students of the 30 control schools did not get the manual but a leaflet on climate change and health issues. Six months later, a post-intervention test of the same questionnaire used in the pre-test was performed at both intervention and control schools. The pre and post test scores were analysed along with the demographic data by using random effects model. Results None of the various school level and student level variables were significantly different between the control and intervention group. However, the intervention group had a 17.42% (95% CI: 14.45 to 20.38, P = <0.001) higher score in the post-test after adjusting for pre-test score and other covariates in a multi-level linear regression model. Conclusions These results suggest that school-based intervention for climate change and health adaptation is effective for increasing the knowledge level of school children on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Iqbal Kabir
- Department of Community Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Climate Change and Health Promotion Unit, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Md Bayzidur Rahman
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wayne Smith
- Department of Community Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Abul Hasnat Milton
- Department of Community Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Huq N, Hugé J, Boon E, Gain A. Climate Change Impacts in Agricultural Communities in Rural Areas of Coastal Bangladesh: A Tale of Many Stories. Sustainability 2015; 7:8437-60. [DOI: 10.3390/su7078437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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