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Lee SH, Kim SH, Park TK, Kim YP, Lee JW, Kim TW. Transcription factors BZR1 and PAP1 cooperate to promote anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis shoots. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3654-3673. [PMID: 38869214 PMCID: PMC11371145 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins play critical roles in protecting plant tissues against diverse stresses. The complicated regulatory networks induced by various environmental factors modulate the homeostatic level of anthocyanins. Here, we show that anthocyanin accumulation is induced by brassinosteroids (BRs) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) shoots and shed light on the underlying regulatory mechanism. We observed that anthocyanin levels are altered considerably in BR-related mutants, and BRs induce anthocyanin accumulation by upregulating the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. Our genetic analysis indicated that BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) and PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT 1 (PAP1) are essential for BR-induced anthocyanin accumulation. The BR-responsive transcription factor BZR1 directly binds to the PAP1 promoter, regulating its expression. In addition, we found that intense anthocyanin accumulation caused by the pap1-D-dominant mutation is significantly reduced in BR mutants, implying that BR activity is required for PAP1 function after PAP1 transcription. Moreover, we demonstrated that BZR1 physically interacts with PAP1 to cooperatively regulate the expression of PAP1-target genes, such as TRANSPARENT TESTA 8, DIHYDROFLAVONOL 4-REDUCTASE, and LEUKOANTHOCYANIDIN DIOXYGENASE. Our findings indicate that BZR1 functions as an integral component of the PAP1-containing transcription factor complex, contributing to increased anthocyanin biosynthesis. Notably, we also show that functional interaction of BZR1 with PAP1 is required for anthocyanin accumulation induced by low nitrogen stress. Taken together, our results demonstrate that BR-regulated BZR1 promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis through cooperative interaction with PAP1 of the MBW complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hwa Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ki Park
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Pil Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wuk Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Chen M, Dai Y, Liao J, Wu H, Lv Q, Huang Y, Liu L, Feng Y, Lv H, Zhou B, Peng D. TARGET OF MONOPTEROS: key transcription factors orchestrating plant development and environmental response. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2214-2234. [PMID: 38195092 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Plants have an incredible ability to sustain root and vascular growth after initiation of the embryonic root and the specification of vascular tissue in early embryos. Microarray assays have revealed that a group of transcription factors, TARGET OF MONOPTEROS (TMO), are important for embryonic root initiation in Arabidopsis. Despite the discovery of their auxin responsiveness early on, their function and mode of action remained unknown for many years. The advent of genome editing has accelerated the study of TMO transcription factors, revealing novel functions for biological processes such as vascular development, root system architecture, and response to environmental cues. This review covers recent achievements in understanding the developmental function and the genetic mode of action of TMO transcription factors in Arabidopsis and other plant species. We highlight the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of TMO transcription factors in relation to their function, mainly in Arabidopsis. Finally, we provide suggestions for further research and potential applications in plant genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yani Dai
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiamin Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lichang Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongxuan Lv
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province, 438107, Huaihua, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry and Ecology in Southern China, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Forestry Biotechnology Hunan Key Laboratories, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory Carbon Sinks Forests Variety Innovation Center, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province, 438107, Huaihua, Hunan, China
- Forestry Biotechnology Hunan Key Laboratories, Hunan, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory Carbon Sinks Forests Variety Innovation Center, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Xu C, Xue X, Li Z, Chen M, Yang Y, Wang S, Shang M, Qiu L, Zhao X, Hu W. The PpMYB75-PpDFR module reveals the difference between 'SR' and its bud variant 'RMHC' in peach red flesh. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024; 137:241-254. [PMID: 38194204 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
'Red Meat Honey Crisp (RMHC)' has been widely cultivated by growers in recent years due to its early maturity, and red meat type characteristics. As a bud variant of 'Super Red (SR)' peach, red flesh is the most distinctive characteristic of 'Red Meat Honey Crisp (RMHC)'. However, the mechanism of red flesh formation in 'RMHC' remains unclear. In this study, 79 differentially produced metabolites were identified by metabolomics analysis. The anthocyanin content in 'RMHC' was significantly higher than that in 'SR' during the same period, such as cyanidin O-syringic acid and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. Other flavonoids also increased during the formation of red flesh, including flavonols (6-hydroxykaempferol-7-O-glucoside, hyperin), flavanols (protocatechuic acid, (+)-gallocatechin), and flavonoids (chrysoeriol 5-O-hexoside, tricetin). In addition, transcriptomic analysis and RT-qPCR showed that the expression levels of the flavonoid synthesis pathway transcription factor MYB75 and some structural genes, such as PpDFR, PpCHS, PpC4H, and PpLDOX increased significantly in 'RMHC'. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that MYB75 was localized to the nucleus. Yeast single hybridization assays showed that MYB75 bound to the cis-acting element CCGTTG of the PpDFR promoter region. The MYB75-PpDFR regulatory network was identified to be a key pathway in the reddening of 'RMHC' flesh. Moreover, this is the first study to describe the cause for red meat reddening in 'RMHC' compared to 'SR' peaches using transcriptomics, metabolomics and molecular methods. Our study identified a key transcription factor involved in the regulation of the flavonoid synthetic pathway and contributes to peach breeding-related efforts as well as the identification of genes involved in color formation in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Xue
- Pomology Institute of Shandong Province, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Zhixing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Mingguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Yating Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Siyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Mingrui Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Lei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Xianyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China.
| | - Wenxiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China.
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Gao H, Shi M, Zhang H, Shang H, Yang Q. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed metabolite variations and regulatory networks in Cinnamomum cassia Presl from four growth years. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1325961. [PMID: 38269138 PMCID: PMC10806117 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1325961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
To understand the mechanism of the dynamic accumulation of active ingredients in Cinnamomum cassia Presl, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of 5~8 years old C. cassia were performed. A total of 72 phenylpropanoids, 146 flavonoids, and 130 terpenoids showed marked changes. Most phenylpropanoids and flavonoids showed markedly higher abundances in 6-year-old C. cassia than in others, which was related to the higher expression of genes that synthesize and regulate phenylpropanoids and flavonoid. We identified transcription factors (TFs) and genes involved in phenylpropanoids and flavonoids synthesis and regulation through co-expression network analyses. Furthermore, most of the terpenoids in 5-year-old C. cassia showed markedly higher abundances than in others, which was due to the differentially expressed genes upstream of the terpenoids pathway. The results of our study provide new insights into the synthesis and accumulation of phenylpropanoid, flavonoids and terpenoids in C. cassia at four growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiju Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Shang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Agricultural Development Engineering Technology of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Comprehensive Experimental Station of Guangzhou, Chinese Material Medica, China Agriculture Research System (CARS-21-16), Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Wang W, Pu Y, Wen H, Lu D, Yan M, Liu M, Wu M, Bai H, Shen L, Wu C. Transcriptome and weighted gene co-expression network analysis of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit reveal putative genes involved in proanthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Li Y, Lei W, Zhou Z, Li Y, Zhang D, Lin H. Transcription factor GLK1 promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis via an MBW complex-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36856341 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are important natural plant pigments and play diverse roles in plant growth and adaptation. Anthocyanins function as screens to protect photosynthetic tissues from photoinhibition. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis and spatial accumulation pattern of anthocyanins remain some unresolved issues. Here, we demonstrate that the GARP-type transcription factor GOLDEN2-LIKE 1 (GLK1) functions as a positive factor in anthocyanin accumulation. GLK1 enhances the transcriptional activation activities of MYB75, MYB90, and MYB113 via direct protein-protein interactions to increase the expression of anthocyanin-specific biosynthetic genes. Anthocyanins accumulate in an acropetal manner in Arabidopsis. We also found that the expression pattern of GLK1 overall mimicked the accumulation pattern of anthocyanin from the base of the main stem to the shoot apex. Based on these findings, we established a working model for the role of GLK1 in anthocyanin accumulation and propose that GLK1 mediates the spatial distribution pattern of anthocyanins by affecting the transcriptional activation activities of MYB75, MYB90, and MYB113.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zuxu Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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Comparative phylogenomic analysis of 5’is-regulatory elements (CREs) of miR160 gene family in diploid and allopolyploid cotton (Gossypium) species. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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8
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PpMYB39 Activates PpDFR to Modulate Anthocyanin Biosynthesis during Peach Fruit Maturation. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8040332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a class of water-soluble flavonoids widely present in fruits and vegetablesresponsible for the red flesh formation of peach fruit. Previously, several genes of the MYB family have been reported as transcriptional regulators of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway of structural genes in plants. In this study, through comparative transcriptome analysis of the white and red flesh peach cultivars of Harrow Blood and Asama Hakuto, a predicted transcription factor of the R2R3MYB family, PpMYB39, was identified to be associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis in peach fruit. In red-fleshed peach cultivars, the maximum amount of anthocyanin accumulated 95 days after full bloom (DAFB), at full maturity near ripening. Our results showed that, at this stage, PpMYB39 had the highest expression level among the 13 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) found in both red- and white-fleshed fruits, as well as a high correlation with total anthocyanin content throughout fruit development. Moreover, the expression analysis of the structural genes of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in peach fruit revealed that Prunus persica Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (PpDFR) was co-expressed and up-regulated with PpMYB39 at 95 DAFB, suggesting its possible role as a transcriptional activator of MYB39. This was further confirmed by a yeast one-hybrid assay and a dual luciferase reporter assay. Our results will be helpful in the breeding of peach cultivars and the identification and significance of color in peaches and related fruit species, in addition to providing an understanding of color formation in peach fruit for future research.
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Yang J, He Y, Li G, Ma W, Huang X, Su J. Transcription factor PyHY5 binds to the promoters of PyWD40 and PyMYB10 and regulates its expression in red pear 'Yunhongli No. 1'. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:665-674. [PMID: 32738704 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
'Yunhongli No. 1' is a rare and well-colored red pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) germplasm resource, and is popular in the market due to its bright red color and high quality. Light induces the expression of transportation factor genes MYB10, WD40, and HY5, which then activate the expression of critical genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway to promote the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanin, thus giving the red coloration. Protein HY5 is considered to be a key regulator for induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The MYB10 genes physically interact with HY5 to positively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, apple, and pear by binding to G-box motifs. However, how these transcription factors are regulated by sunlight remains unclear in 'Yunhongli No. 1'. In this study, the transcription factor PyHY5 was cloned, and subcellular localization assay showed that PyHY5 was distributed in the nucleus. The DNA fragments of PyHY5 had a typical BRLZ domain of the bZIP family, and then were aligned against the promoter sequences of PyMYB10 and PyWD40. Electrophoretic mobility shift and transient expression assays showed that PyHY5 could directly recognize and bind to the G-box motifs in the promoters of PyMYB10 and PyWD40, and so boosted transcriptional activation by co-expression. The results demonstrated that PyHY5 binding to G-box motifs of the promoters of PyMYB10 and PyWD40, enhanced its expression, and then promoted accumulation of anthocyanin in red 'Yunhongli No. 1'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering of Xuchang, Xuchang, 461000, Henan, China
| | - Yiran Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Industrial Crop Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, Yunnan, China
| | - Yingyun He
- Institute of Horticulture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, Yunnan, China
| | - Guochang Li
- Station of Shi Lin Industrial Crop, Shilin, 652200, Yunnan, China
| | - Weirong Ma
- Station of Hong He Industrial Crop, Mengzi, 654400, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinglong Huang
- Station of Shi Lin Industrial Crop, Shilin, 652200, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun Su
- Institute of Horticulture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, Yunnan, China.
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Bittner A, van Buer J, Baier M. Cold priming uncouples light- and cold-regulation of gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:281. [PMID: 32552683 PMCID: PMC7301481 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of stress-sensitive genes responds to cold and high light in the same direction, if plants face the stresses for the first time. As shown recently for a small selection of genes of the core environmental stress response cluster, pre-treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana with a 24 h long 4 °C cold stimulus modifies cold regulation of gene expression for up to a week at 20 °C, although the primary cold effects are reverted within the first 24 h. Such memory-based regulation is called priming. Here, we analyse the effect of 24 h cold priming on cold regulation of gene expression on a transcriptome-wide scale and investigate if and how cold priming affects light regulation of gene expression. RESULTS Cold-priming affected cold and excess light regulation of a small subset of genes. In contrast to the strong gene co-regulation observed upon cold and light stress in non-primed plants, most priming-sensitive genes were regulated in a stressor-specific manner in cold-primed plant. Furthermore, almost as much genes were inversely regulated as co-regulated by a 24 h long 4 °C cold treatment and exposure to heat-filtered high light (800 μmol quanta m- 2 s- 1). Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that cold priming preferentially supports expression of genes involved in the defence against plant pathogens upon cold triggering. The regulation took place on the cost of the expression of genes involved in growth regulation and transport. On the contrary, cold priming resulted in stronger expression of genes regulating metabolism and development and weaker expression of defence genes in response to high light triggering. qPCR with independently cultivated and treated replicates confirmed the trends observed in the RNASeq guide experiment. CONCLUSION A 24 h long priming cold stimulus activates a several days lasting stress memory that controls cold and light regulation of gene expression and adjusts growth and defence regulation in a stressor-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Bittner
- Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn van Buer
- Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Margarete Baier
- Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Vetö NM, Guzman F, Kulcheski FR, Segatto ALA, Lacerda MEG, Margis R, Turchetto-Zolet AC. Transcriptomics analysis of Psidium cattleyanum Sabine (Myrtaceae) unveil potential genes involved in fruit pigmentation. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190255. [PMID: 32353098 PMCID: PMC7199922 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Psidium cattleyanum Sabine is an Atlantic Forest native species
that presents some populations with red fruits and others with yellow fruits.
This variation in fruit pigmentation in this species is an intriguing character
that could be related to species evolution but still needs to be further
explored. Our goal was to provide genomic information for these morphotypes to
understand the molecular mechanisms of differences in fruit colour in this
species. In this study, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of red
and yellow morphotypes of P. cattleyanum, considering two
stages of fruit ripening. The transcriptomic analysis performed encompassing
leaves, unripe and ripe fruits, in triplicate for each morphotype. The
transcriptome consensus from each morphotype showed 301,058 and 298,310 contigs
from plants with yellow and red fruits, respectively. The differential
expression revealed important genes that were involved in anthocyanins
biosynthesis, such as the anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) and
UDP-glucose:flavonoid-o-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) that were differentially
regulated during fruit ripening. This study reveals stimulating data for the
understanding of the pathways and mechanisms involved in the maturation and
colouring of P. cattleyanum fruits and suggests that the ANS
and UFGT genes are key factors involved in the synthase and pigmentation
accumulation in red fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Vetö
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Frank Guzman
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Biotecnologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología, Lima, Peru
| | - Franceli R Kulcheski
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e o Desenvolvimento, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia A Segatto
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda G Lacerda
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Margis
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Biotecnologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Biofísica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andreia C Turchetto-Zolet
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Kreynes AE, Yong Z, Liu XM, Wong DCJ, Castellarin SD, Ellis BE. Biological impacts of phosphomimic AtMYB75. PLANTA 2020; 251:60. [PMID: 32030477 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The phosphorylation status of MYB75 at T-131 affects protein stability, flavonoid profiles, and patterns of gene expression. The Arabidopsis transcription factor Myeloblastosis protein 75 (MYB75, AT1G56650) is known to act as a positive transcriptional regulator of genes required for flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis. MYB75 was also shown to negatively regulate lignin and other secondary cell wall biosynthetic genes (Bhargava et al. in Plant Physiol 154(3):1428-1438, 2010). While transcriptional regulation of MYB75 has been described in numerous publications, little is known about post-translational control of MYB75 protein function. In a recent publication, light-induced activation of a MAP kinase (MPK4, AT4G01370) in Arabidopsis was reported to lead to MYB75 phosphorylation at two canonical MPK target sites, threonines, T-126 and T-131. This double phosphorylation event positively influenced MYB75 protein stability (Li et al. in Plant Cell 28(11):2866-2883, 2016). We have examined this phenomenon through use of phosphomutant forms of MYB75 and found that MYB75 is phosphorylated primarily at T-131, and that the phosphorylation of MYB75 recombinant protein in vitro can be catalyzed by multiple MAP kinases, including MPK3 (AT3G45640), MPK6 (AT2G43790), MPK4 and MPK11 (AT1G01560). We also demonstrate that MYB75 can bind to a large number of Arabidopsis MPK's in vitro, suggesting it could be a target of multiple signalling pathways. The impact of MYB75 phosphorylation at T-131 on the function of this transcription factor, in terms of localization, stability, and protein-protein interactions with known binding partners was examined in transgenic lines expressing phosphomimic and phosphonull versions of MYB75, to capture the behaviour of permanently phosphorylated and unphosphorylated MYB75 protein, respectively. In addition, we describe how ectopic over-expression of different phosphovariant forms of MYB75 (MYB75WT, MYB75T131A, and MYB75T131E) affects flavonoid biochemical profiles and global changes of gene expression in the corresponding transgenic Arabidopsis plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Kreynes
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Botany, and Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Zhenhua Yong
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Botany, and Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Botany, and Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Darren C J Wong
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Botany, and Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Simone D Castellarin
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Botany, and Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian E Ellis
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Botany, and Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Hao X, Zhong Y, Nï Tzmann HW, Fu X, Yan T, Shen Q, Chen M, Ma Y, Zhao J, Osbourn A, Li L, Tang K. Light-Induced Artemisinin Biosynthesis Is Regulated by the bZIP Transcription Factor AaHY5 in Artemisia annua. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1747-1760. [PMID: 31076768 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin, the frontline drug against malaria, is a sesquiterpenoid extracted from Artemisia annua. Light has been proposed to play an important role in the activation of artemisinin biosynthesis. Here, we report the basic leucine zipper transcription factor (TF) AaHY5 as a key regulator of light-induced biosynthesis of artemisinin. We show that AaHY5 transcription overlaps with that of artemisinin biosynthesis genes in response to light and in A. annua tissues. Analysis of AaHY5 overexpression and RNAi-suppression lines suggests that AaHY5 is a positive regulator of the expression of artemisinin biosynthesis genes and accumulation of artemisinin. We show that AaHY5 complements the hy5 mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our data further suggest that AaHY5 interacts with AaCOP1, the ubiquitin E3 ligase CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 in A. annua. In yeast one-hybrid and transient expression assays, we demonstrate that AaHY5 acts via the TF GLANDULAR TRICHOME-SPECIFIC WRKY 1 (AaGSW1) in artemisinin regulation. In summary, we present a novel regulator of artemisinin gene expression and propose a model in which AaHY5 indirectly controls artemisinin production in response to changing light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Hao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Zhong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hans-Wilhelm Nï Tzmann
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Xueqing Fu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tingxiang Yan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qian Shen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jingya Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Anne Osbourn
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ling Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
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14
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Wu R, Wang T, Richardson AC, Allan AC, Macknight RC, Varkonyi-Gasic E. Histone modification and activation by SOC1-like and drought stress-related transcription factors may regulate AcSVP2 expression during kiwifruit winter dormancy. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 281:242-250. [PMID: 30824057 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP)-like and DORMANCY ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX (DAM) genes have been shown to regulate winter dormancy in woody perennials. In kiwifruit, AcSVP2 affects the duration of dormancy in cultivars that require high chill for dormancy release. In this study, we used a low-chill kiwifruit Actinidia chinensis 'Hort16A' to further study the function and regulation of AcSVP2. Overexpression of AcSVP2 in transgenic A. chinensis delayed budbreak in spring. A reduction in the active trimethylation histone marks of the histone H3K4 and acetylation of histone H3 contributed to the reduction of AcSVP2 expression towards dormancy release, while the inactive histone marks of trimethylation of the histone H3K27 and H3K9 in AcSVP2 locus did not show significant enrichment at the end of winter dormancy. Analysis of expression in shoot buds showed that AcSVP2 transcript was elevated in dormant buds during winter months and declined prior to budbreak, which was coordinated with expression of some of kiwifruit SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1)-like genes. Screening of 101 transcription factors in an assay with a 2.3 kb promoter region of AcSVP2 found that kiwifruit SOC1-like genes are able to activate the AcSVP2 promoter. We further identified additional transcription factors associated with drought/osmotic stress and dormancy which may regulate AcSVP2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmei Wu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tianchi Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Annette C Richardson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR) Kerikeri, 121 Keri Downs Road, RD1, Kerikeri 0294, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard C Macknight
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Cao K, Ding T, Mao D, Zhu G, Fang W, Chen C, Wang X, Wang L. Transcriptome analysis reveals novel genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in the flesh of peach. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 123:94-102. [PMID: 29227951 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Peach is an important deciduous fruit tree species. Anthocyanins play an important role in fruit color formation and, through linkage analysis, previous studies have identified and mapped the key genes regulating anthocyanins' accumulation to chromosomes 3 and 5 in two different germplasms. To understand the overall regulatory network of anthocyanins biosynthesis, genes co-expressed with these key genes were identified in the red-fleshed 'Tianjin Shui Mi' and white-fleshed 'Hakuho' germplasms. Analysis of their flesh anthocyanin contents revealed differences 15 days before maturation. Therefore, transcriptome analysis of the flesh of fruits belonging to these two germplasms was performed to search for genes that were up-regulated at the late stage of development of 'Tianjin Shui Mi' but not of 'Hakuho', and identified 183 genes. These genes were also analyzed in the flesh transcriptomes of peach fruits belonging to 30 peach varieties with different anthocyanin contents at maturation, and the Pearson's correlation coefficients between their expression levels and anthocyanin contents were determined. The results showed that 66 genes were significantly correlated to anthocyanin contents, most of which previously reported as regulatory, biosynthetic, and transporter genes involved in anthocyanins' regulatory network. The results of this study enrich the understanding of key genes involved in the biological pathway regulating anthocyanins biosynthesis. The genes mostly associated with anthocyanins biosynthesis presented in this study are of great importance for molecular marker-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Tiyu Ding
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Dongmin Mao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Gengrui Zhu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Weichao Fang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Changwen Chen
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Lirong Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
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Brendolise C, Espley RV, Lin-Wang K, Laing W, Peng Y, McGhie T, Dejnoprat S, Tomes S, Hellens RP, Allan AC. Multiple Copies of a Simple MYB-Binding Site Confers Trans-regulation by Specific Flavonoid-Related R2R3 MYBs in Diverse Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1864. [PMID: 29163590 PMCID: PMC5671642 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In apple, the MYB transcription factor MYB10 controls the accumulation of anthocyanins. MYB10 is able to auto-activate its expression by binding its own promoter at a specific motif, the R1 motif. In some apple accessions a natural mutation, termed R6, has more copies of this motif within the MYB10 promoter resulting in stronger auto-activation and elevated anthocyanins. Here we show that other anthocyanin-related MYBs selected from apple, pear, strawberry, petunia, kiwifruit and Arabidopsis are able to activate promoters containing the R6 motif. To examine the specificity of this motif, members of the R2R3 MYB family were screened against a promoter harboring the R6 mutation. Only MYBs from subgroups 5 and 6 activate expression by binding the R6 motif, with these MYBs sharing conserved residues in their R2R3 DNA binding domains. Insertion of the apple R6 motif into orthologous promoters of MYB10 in pear (PcMYB10) and Arabidopsis (AtMY75) elevated anthocyanin levels. Introduction of the R6 motif into the promoter region of an anthocyanin biosynthetic enzyme F3'5'H of kiwifruit imparts regulation by MYB10. This results in elevated levels of delphinidin in both tobacco and kiwifruit. Finally, an R6 motif inserted into the promoter the vitamin C biosynthesis gene GDP-L-Gal phosphorylase increases vitamin C content in a MYB10-dependent manner. This motif therefore provides a tool to re-engineer novel MYB-regulated responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Brendolise
- Mt Albert Research Centre, Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- Mt Albert Research Centre, Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- Mt Albert Research Centre, Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William Laing
- Fitzherbert Science Centre, Plant and Food Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Yongyan Peng
- Mt Albert Research Centre, Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tony McGhie
- Fitzherbert Science Centre, Plant and Food Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Supinya Dejnoprat
- Mt Albert Research Centre, Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sumathi Tomes
- Mt Albert Research Centre, Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Roger P. Hellens
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- Mt Albert Research Centre, Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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17
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Qiao Z, Pingault L, Zogli P, Langevin M, Rech N, Farmer A, Libault M. A comparative genomic and transcriptomic analysis at the level of isolated root hair cells reveals new conserved root hair regulatory elements. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 94:641-655. [PMID: 28687904 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A comparative transcriptomic and genomic analysis between Arabidopsis thaliana and Glycine max root hair genes reveals the evolution of the expression of plant genes after speciation and whole genome duplication. Our understanding of the conservation and divergence of the expression patterns of genes between plant species is limited by the quality of the genomic and transcriptomic resources available. Specifically, the transcriptomes generated from plant organs are the reflection of the contribution of the different cell types composing the samples weighted by their relative abundances in the sample. These contributions can vary between plant species leading to the generation of datasets which are difficult to compare. To gain a deeper understanding of the evolution of gene transcription in and between plant species, we performed a comparative transcriptomic and genomic analysis at the level of one single plant cell type, the root hair cell, and between two model plants: Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and soybean (Glycine max). These two species, which diverged 90 million years ago, were selected as models based on the large amount of genomic and root hair transcriptomic information currently available. Our analysis revealed in detail the transcriptional divergence and conservation between soybean paralogs (i.e., the soybean genome is the product of two successive whole genome duplications) and between Arabidopsis and soybean orthologs in this single plant cell type. Taking advantage of this evolutionary study, we combined bioinformatics, molecular, cellular and microscopic tools to characterize plant promoter sequences and the discovery of two root hair regulatory elements (RHE1 and RHE2) consistently and specifically active in plant root hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Qiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Lise Pingault
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Prince Zogli
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Micaela Langevin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Niccole Rech
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Andrew Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM, 87505, USA
| | - Marc Libault
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
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Genome-wide identification of GLABRA3 downstream genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis and trichome formation in Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:360-365. [PMID: 28216162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
GLABRA3 (GL3), a bHLH transcription factor, has previously proved to be involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and trichome formation in Arabidopsis, however, its downstream targeted genes are still largely unknown. Here, we found that GL3 was widely present in Arabidopsis vegetative and reproductive organs. New downstream targeted genes of GL3 for anthocyanin biosynthesis and trichome formation were identified in young shoots and expanding true leaves by RNA sequencing. GL3-mediated gene expression was tissue specific in the two biological processes. This study provides new clues to further understand the GL3-mediated regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis and trichome formation in Arabidopsis.
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Li S, Wang W, Gao J, Yin K, Wang R, Wang C, Petersen M, Mundy J, Qiu JL. MYB75 Phosphorylation by MPK4 Is Required for Light-Induced Anthocyanin Accumulation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:2866-2883. [PMID: 27811015 PMCID: PMC5155340 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Light is a major environmental cue affecting various physiological and metabolic processes in plants. Although plant photoreceptors are well characterized, the mechanisms by which light regulates downstream responses are less clear. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the accumulation of photoprotective anthocyanin pigments is light dependent, and the R2R3 MYB transcription factor MYB75/PAP1 regulates anthocyanin accumulation. Here, we report that MYB75 interacts with and is phosphorylated by MAP KINASE4 (MPK4). Their interaction is dependent on MPK4 kinase activity and is required for full function of MYB75. MPK4 can be activated in response to light and is involved in the light-induced accumulation of anthocyanins. We show that MPK4 phosphorylation of MYB75 increases its stability and is essential for light-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Our findings reveal an important role for a MAPK pathway in light signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinlan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kangquan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Morten Petersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - John Mundy
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jin-Long Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Kumar A, Kumar S, Bains S, Vaidya V, Singh B, Kaur R, Kaur J, Singh K. De novo Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Genes Involved in Flavonoid and Vitamin C Biosynthesis in Phyllanthus emblica (L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1610. [PMID: 27833630 PMCID: PMC5081490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica is an affluent source of various therapeutic components. A few of them like vitamin C and flavonoids are predominant bioactive compounds that are being used in immense pharmacological applications. In-spite of numerous applications, the genomic information of this plant was limited to a few expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in DNA databases. Herein, we developed in-depth transcriptome information of P. emblica using Illumina Hiseq 2000 platform and characterized. A total of 31,285,965 high-quality reads were assembled into 91,288 contigs with the N50 value 358. Out of them, 47,267 contigs were functionally annotated using BLASTX search against NCBI-non-redundant (NR) protein database. Further, 31,366 contigs showed similarity with various gene ontology (GO) terms, and 1299 were related to different enzymes and biosynthetic pathways. We identified the transcripts related to each gene involved in flavonoid and vitamin C biosynthesis. Several cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and glucosyltransferases (GTs) genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and various other metabolic pathways were also documented. Further, 6510 transcription factors and 4420 EST derived simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were also predicted. The present study enlightened various characteristic features of P. emblica genome, and provided an important resource for future molecular and functional genomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab UniversityChandigarh, India
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21
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Bond DM, Albert NW, Lee RH, Gillard GB, Brown CM, Hellens RP, Macknight RC. Infiltration-RNAseq: transcriptome profiling of Agrobacterium-mediated infiltration of transcription factors to discover gene function and expression networks in plants. PLANT METHODS 2016; 12:41. [PMID: 27777610 PMCID: PMC5069895 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-016-0141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factors (TFs) coordinate precise gene expression patterns that give rise to distinct phenotypic outputs. The identification of genes and transcriptional networks regulated by a TF often requires stable transformation and expression changes in plant cells. However, the production of stable transformants can be slow and laborious with no guarantee of success. Furthermore, transgenic plants overexpressing a TF of interest can present pleiotropic phenotypes and/or result in a high number of indirect gene expression changes. Therefore, fast, efficient, high-throughput methods for assaying TF function are needed. RESULTS Agroinfiltration is a simple plant biology method that allows transient gene expression. It is a rapid and powerful tool for the functional characterisation of TF genes in planta. High throughput RNA sequencing is now a widely used method for analysing gene expression profiles (transcriptomes). By coupling TF agroinfiltration with RNA sequencing (named here as Infiltration-RNAseq), gene expression networks and gene function can be identified within a few weeks rather than many months. As a proof of concept, we agroinfiltrated Medicago truncatula leaves with M. truncatula LEGUME ANTHOCYANIN PRODUCITION 1 (MtLAP1), a MYB transcription factor involved in the regulation of the anthocyanin pathway, and assessed the resulting transcriptome. Leaves infiltrated with MtLAP1 turned red indicating the production of anthocyanin pigment. Consistent with this, genes encoding enzymes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, and known transcriptional activators and repressors of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, were upregulated. A novel observation was the induction of a R3-MYB transcriptional repressor that likely provides transcriptional feedback inhibition to prevent the deleterious effects of excess anthocyanins on photosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Infiltration-RNAseq is a fast and convenient method for profiling TF-mediated gene expression changes. We utilised this method to identify TF-mediated transcriptional changes and TF target genes in M. truncatula and Nicotiana benthamiana. This included the identification of target genes of a TF not normally expressed in leaves, and targets of TFs from other plant species. Infiltration-RNAseq can be easily adapted to other plant species where agroinfiltration protocols have been optimised. The ability to identify downstream genes, including positive and negative transcriptional regulators, will result in a greater understanding of TF function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M. Bond
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | - Nick W. Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11-600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Robyn H. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | - Gareth B. Gillard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Chris M. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | - Roger P. Hellens
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Richard C. Macknight
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11-600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Gangappa SN, Botto JF. The Multifaceted Roles of HY5 in Plant Growth and Development. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1353-1365. [PMID: 27435853 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a member of the bZIP transcription factor family, inhibits hypocotyl growth and lateral root development, and promotes pigment accumulation in a light-dependent manner in Arabidopsis. Recent research on its role in different processes such as hormone, nutrient, abiotic stress (abscisic acid, salt, cold), and reactive oxygen species signaling pathways clearly places HY5 at the center of a transcriptional network hub. HY5 regulates the transcription of a large number of genes by directly binding to cis-regulatory elements. Recently, HY5 has also been shown to activate its own expression under both visible and UV-B light. Moreover, HY5 acts as a signal that moves from shoot to root to promote nitrate uptake and root growth. Here, we review recent advances on HY5 research in diverse aspects of plant development and highlight still open questions that need to be addressed in the near future for a complete understanding of its function in plant signaling and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeramaiah N Gangappa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden.
| | - Javier F Botto
- IFEVA, UBA, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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23
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Miao H, Zhang S, Wang M, Wang Y, Weng Y, Gu X. Fine Mapping of Virescent Leaf Gene v-1 in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101602. [PMID: 27669214 PMCID: PMC5085635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are common in higher plants that can be used as markers in crop breeding or as an important tool in understanding regulatory mechanisms in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. In virescent leaf mutants, young leaves are yellow in color, which gradually return to normal green when the seedlings grow large. In the present study, we conducted phenotypic characterization and genetic mapping of the cucumber virescent leaf mutant 9110Gt conferred by the v-1 locus. Total chlorophyll and carotenoid content in 9110Gt was reduced by 44% and 21%, respectively, as compared with its wild type parental line 9110G. Electron microscopic investigation revealed fewer chloroplasts per cell and thylakoids per chloroplast in 9110Gt than in 9110G. Fine genetic mapping allowed for the assignment of the v-1 locus to a 50.4 kb genomic DNA region in chromosome 6 with two flanking markers that were 0.14 and 0.16 cM away from v-1, respectively. Multiple lines of evidence supported CsaCNGCs as the only candidate gene for the v-1 locus, which encoded a cyclic-nucleotide-gated ion channel protein. A single nucleotide change in the promoter region of v-1 seemed to be associated with the virescent color change in 9110Gt. Real-time PCR revealed significantly lower expression of CsaCNGCs in the true leaves of 9110Gt than in 9110G. This was the first report that connected the CsaCNGCs gene to virescent leaf color change, which provided a useful tool to establish linkages among virescent leaf color change, chloroplast development, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and the functions of the CsaCNGCs gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Miao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Shengping Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ye Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yiqun Weng
- USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Xingfang Gu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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24
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Hong Y, Yang LW, Li ML, Dai SL. Comparative analyses of light-induced anthocyanin accumulation and gene expression between the ray florets and leaves in chrysanthemum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 103:120-132. [PMID: 26990403 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Light is one of the key environmental factors that affect anthocyanin biosynthesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear, and many problems regarding phenotypic change and corresponding gene regulation have not been solved. In the present study, comparative analyses of light-induced anthocyanin accumulation and gene expression between the ray florets and leaves were performed in Chrysanthemum × morifolium 'Purple Reagan'. After contrasting the variations in the flower color phenotype and relative pigment content, as well as expression patterns of structural and regulator genes responsible for anthocyanin biosynthesis and photoreceptor between different plant organs under light and dark conditions, we concluded that (1) both the capitulum and foliage are key organs responding to light for chrysanthemum coloration; (2) compared with flavones, shading makes a greater decrease on the anthocyanins accumulation; (3) most of the structural and regulatory genes in the light-induced anthocyanin pathway specifically express in the ray florets; and (4) CmCHS, CmF3H, CmF3'H, CmANS, CmDFR, Cm3GT, CmMYB5-1, CmMYB6, CmMYB7-1, CmbHLH24, CmCOP1 and CmHY5 are key genes for light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in chrysanthemum ray florets, while on the transcriptional level, the expressions of CmPHYA, CmPHYB, CmCRY1a, CmCRY1b and CmCRY2 are insignificantly changed. Moreover, the inferred comprehensive effect of multiple signals on the accumulation of anthocyanins and transmission channel of light signal that exist between the leaves and ray florets were further discussed. These results further our understanding of the relationship between the gene expression and light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis, and lay foundations for the promotion of the molecular breeding of novel flower colors in chrysanthemums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hong
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Li-Wen Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Meng-Ling Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Si-Lan Dai
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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25
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Chen C, Li A. Transcriptome Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes Involved in Proanthocyanidin Accumulation in the Rhizomes of Fagopyrum dibotrys and an Irradiation-Induced Mutant. Front Physiol 2016; 7:100. [PMID: 27047386 PMCID: PMC4796566 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rhizome of Fagopyrum dibotrys is a traditional Chinese medicine that has recently gained attention due to substantial findings regarding its bioactive proanthocyanidin (PA) compounds. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PA accumulation in F. dibotrys remains elusive. We previously obtained an irradiation-induced mutant (RM_R) of F. dibotrys that had a higher PA content compared to that of the wild-type (CK_R). The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying PA accumulation in F. dibotrys by comparing the rhizome transcriptomes of the irradiation-induced mutant and wild-type using RNA-seq analysis. A total of 53,540 unigenes were obtained, of which 29,901 (55.84%) were annotated based on BLAST searches against public databases, and 501 unique sequences were differentially expressed between the two samples, which consisted of 204 up-regulated and 297 down-regulated unigenes. Further analysis showed that the expression patterns of some unigenes encoding enzymes involved in PAs biosynthesis in F. dibotrys rhizomes differed between RM_R and CK_R. In addition, we identified transcription factor families and several cytochrome P450s that may be involved in PA regulation in F. dibotrys. Finally, 12 unigenes that encode PA biosynthetic enzymes were confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis. This study sheds light on the molecular mechanism underlying radiation-mediated flavonoid accumulation and regulation in F. dibotrys rhizomes. These results will also provide a platform for further functional genomic research on this particular species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ailian Li
- The Cultivation Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing, China
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26
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Zhai R, Wang Z, Zhang S, Meng G, Song L, Wang Z, Li P, Ma F, Xu L. Two MYB transcription factors regulate flavonoid biosynthesis in pear fruit (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1275-84. [PMID: 26687179 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoid compounds play important roles in the modern diet, and pear fruits are an excellent dietary source of these metabolites. However, information on the regulatory network of flavonoid biosynthesis in pear fruits is rare. In this work, 18 putative flavonoid-related MYB transcription factors (TFs) were screened by phylogenetic analysis and four of them were correlated with flavonoid biosynthesis patterns in pear fruits. Among these MYB-like genes, the specific functions of two novel MYB TFs, designated as PbMYB10b and PbMYB9, were further verified by both overexpression and RNAi transient assays. PbMYB10b, a PAP-type MYB TF with atypical motifs in its conserved region, regulated the anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin pathways by inducing the expression of PbDFR, but its function could be complemented by other MYB TFs. PbMYB9, a TT2-type MYB, not only acted as the specific activator of the proanthocyanidin pathway by activating the PbANR promoter, but also induced the synthesis of anthocyanins and flavonols by binding the PbUFGT1 promoter in pear fruits. The MYBCORE-like element has been identified in both the PbUFGT1 promoter and ANR promoters in most species, but it was not found in UFGT promoters isolated from other species. This finding was also supported by a yeast one-hybrid assay and thus enhanced the likelihood of the interaction between PbMYB9 and the PbUFGT1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road NO.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road NO.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road NO.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Geng Meng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road NO.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Linyan Song
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road NO.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road NO.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Pengmin Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road NO.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road NO.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lingfei Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road NO.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
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Docimo T, Francese G, Ruggiero A, Batelli G, De Palma M, Bassolino L, Toppino L, Rotino GL, Mennella G, Tucci M. Phenylpropanoids Accumulation in Eggplant Fruit: Characterization of Biosynthetic Genes and Regulation by a MYB Transcription Factor. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1233. [PMID: 26858726 PMCID: PMC4729908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids are major secondary metabolites in eggplant (Solanum melongena) fruits. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) accounts for 70-90% of total phenolics in flesh tissues, while anthocyanins are mainly present in the fruit skin. As a contribution to the understanding of the peculiar accumulation of these health-promoting metabolites in eggplant, we report on metabolite abundance, regulation of CGA and anthocyanin biosynthesis, and characterization of candidate CGA biosynthetic genes in S. melongena. Higher contents of CGA, Delphinidin 3-rutinoside, and rutin were found in eggplant fruits compared to other tissues, associated to an elevated transcript abundance of structural genes such as PAL, HQT, DFR, and ANS, suggesting that active in situ biosynthesis contributes to anthocyanin and CGA accumulation in fruit tissues. Putative orthologs of the two CGA biosynthetic genes PAL and HQT, as well as a variant of a MYB1 transcription factor showing identity with group six MYBs, were isolated from an Occidental S. melongena traditional variety and demonstrated to differ from published sequences from Asiatic varieties. In silico analysis of the isolated SmPAL1, SmHQT1, SmANS, and SmMyb1 promoters revealed the presence of several Myb regulatory elements for the biosynthetic genes and unique elements for the TF, suggesting its involvement in other physiological roles beside phenylpropanoid biosynthesis regulation. Transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves of SmMyb1 and of a C-terminal SmMyb1 truncated form (SmMyb1Δ9) resulted in anthocyanin accumulation only of SmMyb1 agro-infiltrated leaves. A yeast two-hybrid assay confirmed the interaction of both SmMyb1 and SmMyb1Δ9 with an anthocyanin-related potato bHLH1 TF. Interestingly, a doubled amount of CGA was detected in both SmMyb1 and SmMyb1Δ9 agro-infiltrated leaves, thus suggesting that the N-terminal region of SmMyb1 is sufficient to activate its synthesis. These data suggest that a deletion of the C-terminal region of SmMyb1 does not limit its capability to regulate CGA accumulation, but impairs anthocyanin biosynthesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting a functional elucidation of the role of the C-term conserved domain in MYB activator proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Docimo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioscienze e BiorisorseUOS Portici, Italy
| | - Gianluca Francese
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l’OrticolturaPontecagnano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioscienze e BiorisorseUOS Portici, Italy
| | - Giorgia Batelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioscienze e BiorisorseUOS Portici, Italy
| | - Monica De Palma
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioscienze e BiorisorseUOS Portici, Italy
| | - Laura Bassolino
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Unità di Ricerca per l’OrticolturaMontanaso Lombardo, Italy
| | - Laura Toppino
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Unità di Ricerca per l’OrticolturaMontanaso Lombardo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe L. Rotino
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Unità di Ricerca per l’OrticolturaMontanaso Lombardo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mennella
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l’OrticolturaPontecagnano, Italy
| | - Marina Tucci
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioscienze e BiorisorseUOS Portici, Italy
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28
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Dey N, Sarkar S, Acharya S, Maiti IB. Synthetic promoters in planta. PLANTA 2015; 242:1077-94. [PMID: 26250538 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the importance, prospective and development of synthetic promoters reported in planta. A review of the synthetic promoters developed in planta would help researchers utilize the available resources and design new promoters to benefit fundamental research and agricultural applications. The demand for promoters for the improvement and application of transgenic techniques in research and agricultural production is increasing. Native/naturally occurring promoters have some limitations in terms of their induction conditions, transcription efficiency and size. The strength and specificity of native promoter can be tailored by manipulating its 'cis-architecture' by the use of several recombinant DNA technologies. Newly derived chimeric promoters with specific attributes are emerging as an efficient tool for plant molecular biology. In the last three decades, synthetic promoters have been used to regulate plant gene expression. To better understand synthetic promoters, in this article, we reviewed promoter structure, the scope of cis-engineering, strategies for their development, their importance in plant biology and the total number of such promoters (188) developed in planta to date; we then categorized them under different functional regimes as biotic stress-inducible, abiotic stress-inducible, light-responsive, chemical-inducible, hormone-inducible, constitutive and tissue-specific. Furthermore, we identified a set of 36 synthetic promoters that control multiple types of expression in planta. Additionally, we illustrated the differences between native and synthetic promoters and among different synthetic promoter in each group, especially in terms of efficiency and induction conditions. As a prospective of this review, the use of ideal synthetic promoters is one of the prime requirements for generating transgenic plants suitable for promoting sustainable agriculture and plant molecular farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nrisingha Dey
- Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Shayan Sarkar
- Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sefali Acharya
- Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Indu B Maiti
- KTRDC, College of Agriculture-Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
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29
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Liu Y, Shi Z, Maximova SN, Payne MJ, Guiltinan MJ. Tc-MYBPA an Arabidopsis TT2-like transcription factor and functions in the regulation of proanthocyanidin synthesis in Theobroma cacao. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:160. [PMID: 26109181 PMCID: PMC4481123 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The flavan-3-ols catechin and epicatechin, and their polymerized oligomers, the proanthocyanidins (PAs, also called condensed tannins), accumulate to levels of up to 15 % of the total weight of dry seeds of Theobroma cacao L. These compounds have been associated with several health benefits in humans. They also play important roles in pest and disease defense throughout the plant. In Arabidopsis, the R2R3 type MYB transcription factor TT2 regulates the major genes leading to the synthesis of PA. RESULTS To explore the transcriptional regulation of the PA synthesis pathway in cacao, we isolated and characterized an R2R3 type MYB transcription factor MYBPA from cacao. We examined the spatial and temporal gene expression patterns of the Tc-MYBPA gene and found it to be developmentally expressed in a manner consistent with its involvement in PAs and anthocyanin synthesis. Functional complementation of an Arabidopsis tt2 mutant with Tc-MYBPA suggested that it can functionally substitute the Arabidopsis TT2 gene. Interestingly, in addition to PA accumulation in seeds of the Tc-MYBPA expressing plants, we also observed an obvious increase of anthocyanidin accumulation in hypocotyls. We observed that overexpression of the Tc-MYBPA gene resulted in increased expression of several key genes encoding the major structural enzymes of the PA and anthocyanidin pathway, including DFR (dihydroflavanol reductase), LDOX (leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase) and BAN (ANR, anthocyanidin reductase). CONCLUSION We conclude that the Tc-MYBPA gene that encodes an R2R3 type MYB transcription factor is an Arabidopsis TT2 like transcription factor, and may be involved in the regulation of both anthocyanin and PA synthesis in cacao. This research may provide molecular tools for breeding of cacao varieties with improved disease resistance and enhanced flavonoid profiles for nutritional and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Present address: Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, Mission Bay Campus, Genentech Hall, N576/Box 2280, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Zi Shi
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Siela N Maximova
- Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, 422 Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Mark J Payne
- Hershey Center for Health and Nutrition, The Hershey Company, 1025 Reese Ave., Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Mark J Guiltinan
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, 422 Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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30
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Shin DH, Cho M, Choi MG, Das PK, Lee SK, Choi SB, Park YI. Identification of genes that may regulate the expression of the transcription factor production of anthocyanin pigment 1 (PAP1)/MYB75 involved in Arabidopsis anthocyanin biosynthesis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:805-15. [PMID: 25604992 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1743-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A putative RNA-binding protein with a single RNA Recognition Motif (At3G63450) is involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis via its ability to modulate the transcript level of a major positive regulator PAP1 in Arabidopsis. The R2R3 MYB-activator production of anthocyanin pigment 1 (PAP1)/MYB75 plays a major role in anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis in combination with one of three bHLH activators including transparent test 8 (TT8), enhancer of glabra3 (EGL3), glabra3 (GL3), and the WD-repeat transcription factor transparent testa 1 (TTG1), forming ternary MYB-basic HLH-WD40 complexes. Transcriptional activation of PAP1 expression is largely triggered by changes in light color and intensity, temperature fluctuations, nutrient status, and sugar and hormone treatments. However, the immediate upstream and downstream regulatory factors for PAP1 transcription are largely unknown. In the present study, using a T-DNA insertional mutagenesis approach, we transformed pap1-Dominant (pap1D) plants to modulate the levels of endogenous PAP1 transcripts. We employed Restriction Site Extension (RSE)-PCR analysis of 247 homogenous T3 genetic mutant lines exhibiting variations in anthocyanin accumulation compared to pap1D and identified 92 lines with T-DNA integrated in either intra- or inter-genic locations. This analysis revealed 80 novel candidate proteins, including a putative RNA-binding protein with a single RNA Recognition Motif (At3G63450), which may directly or indirectly regulate PAP1 expression at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ho Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehagro, Youseong, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
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31
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Shin DH, Cho M, Choi MG, Das PK, Lee SK, Choi SB, Park YI. Identification of genes that may regulate the expression of the transcription factor production of anthocyanin pigment 1 (PAP1)/MYB75 involved in Arabidopsis anthocyanin biosynthesis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:805-815. [PMID: 25604992 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1743-1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A putative RNA-binding protein with a single RNA Recognition Motif (At3G63450) is involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis via its ability to modulate the transcript level of a major positive regulator PAP1 in Arabidopsis. The R2R3 MYB-activator production of anthocyanin pigment 1 (PAP1)/MYB75 plays a major role in anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis in combination with one of three bHLH activators including transparent test 8 (TT8), enhancer of glabra3 (EGL3), glabra3 (GL3), and the WD-repeat transcription factor transparent testa 1 (TTG1), forming ternary MYB-basic HLH-WD40 complexes. Transcriptional activation of PAP1 expression is largely triggered by changes in light color and intensity, temperature fluctuations, nutrient status, and sugar and hormone treatments. However, the immediate upstream and downstream regulatory factors for PAP1 transcription are largely unknown. In the present study, using a T-DNA insertional mutagenesis approach, we transformed pap1-Dominant (pap1D) plants to modulate the levels of endogenous PAP1 transcripts. We employed Restriction Site Extension (RSE)-PCR analysis of 247 homogenous T3 genetic mutant lines exhibiting variations in anthocyanin accumulation compared to pap1D and identified 92 lines with T-DNA integrated in either intra- or inter-genic locations. This analysis revealed 80 novel candidate proteins, including a putative RNA-binding protein with a single RNA Recognition Motif (At3G63450), which may directly or indirectly regulate PAP1 expression at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ho Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehagro, Youseong, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
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32
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Zhou H, Lin-Wang K, Wang H, Gu C, Dare AP, Espley RV, He H, Allan AC, Han Y. Molecular genetics of blood-fleshed peach reveals activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by NAC transcription factors. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:105-21. [PMID: 25688923 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin pigmentation is an important consumer trait in peach (Prunus persica). In this study, the genetic basis of the blood-flesh trait was investigated using the cultivar Dahongpao, which shows high levels of cyanidin-3-glucoside in the mesocarp. Elevation of anthocyanin levels in the flesh was correlated with the expression of an R2R3 MYB transcription factor, PpMYB10.1. However, PpMYB10.1 did not co-segregate with the blood-flesh trait. The blood-flesh trait was mapped to a 200-kb interval on peach linkage group (LG) 5. Within this interval, a gene encoding a NAC domain transcription factor (TF) was found to be highly up-regulated in blood-fleshed peaches when compared with non-red-fleshed peaches. This NAC TF, designated blood (BL), acts as a heterodimer with PpNAC1 which shows high levels of expression in fruit at late developmental stages. We show that the heterodimer of BL and PpNAC1 can activate the transcription of PpMYB10.1, resulting in anthocyanin pigmentation in tobacco. Furthermore, silencing the BL gene reduces anthocyanin pigmentation in blood-fleshed peaches. The transactivation activity of the BL-PpNAC1 heterodimer is repressed by a SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like TF, PpSPL1. Low levels of PpMYB10.1 expression in fruit at early developmental stages is probably attributable to lower levels of expression of PpNAC1 plus the presence of high levels of repressors such as PpSPL1. We present a mechanism whereby BL is the key gene for the blood-flesh trait in peach via its activation of PpMYB10.1 in maturing fruit. Partner TFs such as basic helix-loop-helix proteins and NAC1 are required, as is the removal of transcriptional repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
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Montefiori M, Brendolise C, Dare AP, Lin-Wang K, Davies KM, Hellens RP, Allan AC. In the Solanaceae, a hierarchy of bHLHs confer distinct target specificity to the anthocyanin regulatory complex. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1427-36. [PMID: 25628328 PMCID: PMC4339601 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway is regulated by a transcription factor complex consisting of an R2R3 MYB, a bHLH, and a WD40. Although R2R3 MYBs belonging to the anthocyanin-activating class have been identified in many plants, and their role well elucidated, the subgroups of bHLH implicated in anthocyanin regulation seem to be more complex. It is not clear whether these potential bHLH partners are biologically interchangeable with redundant functions, or even if heterodimers are involved. In this study, AcMYB110, an R2R3 MYB isolated from kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.) showing a strong activation of the anthocyanin pathway in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) was used to examine the function of interacting endogenous bHLH partners. Constitutive expression of AcMYB110 in tobacco leaves revealed different roles for two bHLHs, NtAN1 and NtJAF13. A hierarchical mechanism is shown to control the regulation of transcription factors and consequently of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Here, a model is proposed for the regulation of the anthocyanin pathway in Solanaceous plants in which AN1 is directly involved in the activation of the biosynthetic genes, whereas JAF13 is involved in the regulation of AN1 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Montefiori
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 92 169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cyril Brendolise
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 92 169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 92 169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 92 169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kevin M Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 11 600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Roger P Hellens
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 92 169, Auckland, New Zealand Biochemistry Department, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 92 169, Auckland, New Zealand School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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Christov NK, Christova PK, Kato H, Liu Y, Sasaki K, Imai R. TaSK5, an abiotic stress-inducible GSK3/shaggy-like kinase from wheat, confers salt and drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 84:251-260. [PMID: 25306528 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel cold-inducible GSK3/shaggy-like kinase, TaSK5, was isolated from winter wheat using a macroarray-based differential screening approach. TaSK5 showed high similarity to Arabidopsis subgroup I GSK3/shaggy-like kinases ASK-alpha, AtSK-gamma and ASK-epsilon. RNA gel blot analyses revealed TaSK5 induction by cold and NaCl treatments and to a lesser extent by drought treatment. TaSK5 functionally complemented the cold- and salt-sensitive phenotypes of a yeast GSK3/shaggy-like kinase mutant, △mck1. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing TaSK5 cDNA showed enhanced tolerance to salt and drought stresses. By contrast, the tolerance of the transgenic plants to freezing stress was not altered. Microarray analysis revealed that a number of abiotic stress-inducible genes were constitutively induced in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants, suggesting that TaSK5 may function in a novel signal transduction pathway that appears to be unrelated to DREB1/CBF regulon and may involve crosstalk between abiotic and hormonal signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Kirilov Christov
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Hitsujigaoka 1, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan; AgroBioInstitute, Dragan Tsankov 8, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
| | - Petya Koeva Christova
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Hitsujigaoka 1, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan; AgroBioInstitute, Dragan Tsankov 8, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
| | - Hideki Kato
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Hitsujigaoka 1, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan
| | - Yuelin Liu
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Hitsujigaoka 1, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sasaki
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Hitsujigaoka 1, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan
| | - Ryozo Imai
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Hitsujigaoka 1, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.
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Gesell A, Yoshida K, Tran LT, Constabel CP. Characterization of an apple TT2-type R2R3 MYB transcription factor functionally similar to the poplar proanthocyanidin regulator PtMYB134. PLANTA 2014; 240:497-511. [PMID: 24923676 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The apple MdMYB9 gene encodes a positive regulator of proanthocyanidin synthesis that activates anthocyanidin reductase promoters from apple and poplar via interaction with basic helix-loop-helix proteins. The regulation of proanthocyanidins (PAs, condensed tannins) is of great importance in food plants due to the many benefits of PAs in the human diet. Two candidate flavonoid MYB regulators, MdMYB9 and MdMYB11, were cloned from apple (Malus × domestica) based on their similarity to known MYB PA regulators. Transcript accumulation of both MdMYB9 and MdMYB11 was induced by high light and wounding, similar to the poplar (Populus spp) PA regulator PtMYB134. In transient activation assays with various basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) co-regulators, MdMYB9 activated apple and poplar anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) promoters, while MdMYB11 showed no activity. Potential transcription factor binding elements were found within several ANR promoters, and the importance of the bHLH binding site (E-box) on ANR promoter activation was demonstrated via mutational analysis. The ability of MdMYB9 and PtMYB134 to reciprocally activate ANR promoters from both apple and poplar and to partner with heterologous bHLH co-factors from these plants confirms the high degree of conservation of PA regulatory complexes across species. The similarity in apple and poplar PA regulation suggests that regulatory genes from poplar could be effectively employed for metabolic engineering of the PA pathway in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gesell
- Department of Biology & Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, Station CSC, Box 3020, Victoria, BC, V8W 3N5, Canada
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Allu AD, Soja AM, Wu A, Szymanski J, Balazadeh S. Salt stress and senescence: identification of cross-talk regulatory components. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:3993-4008. [PMID: 24803504 PMCID: PMC4106443 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is an active process with a pivotal impact on plant productivity. It results from extensive signalling cross-talk coordinating environmental factors with intrinsic age-related mechanisms. Although many studies have shown that leaf senescence is affected by a range of external parameters, knowledge about the regulatory systems that govern the interplay between developmental programmes and environmental stress is still vague. Salinity is one of the most important environmental stresses that promote leaf senescence and thus affect crop yield. Improving salt tolerance by avoiding or delaying senescence under stress will therefore play an important role in maintaining high agricultural productivity. Experimental evidence suggests that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) functions as a common signalling molecule in both developmental and salt-induced leaf senescence. In this study, microarray-based gene expression profiling on Arabidopsis thaliana plants subjected to long-term salinity stress to induce leaf senescence was performed, together with co-expression network analysis for H2O2-responsive genes that are mutually up-regulated by salt induced- and developmental leaf senescence. Promoter analysis of tightly co-expressed genes led to the identification of seven cis-regulatory motifs, three of which were known previously, namely CACGTGT and AAGTCAA, which are associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive genes, and CCGCGT, described as a stress-responsive regulatory motif, while the others, namely ACGCGGT, AGCMGNC, GMCACGT, and TCSTYGACG were not characterized previously. These motifs are proposed to be novel elements involved in the H2O2-mediated control of gene expression during salinity stress-triggered and developmental senescence, acting through upstream transcription factors that bind to these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapurna Devi Allu
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Plant Signaling Group, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Maria Soja
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Anhui Wu
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jedrzej Szymanski
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Plant Signaling Group, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Xu W, Grain D, Bobet S, Le Gourrierec J, Thévenin J, Kelemen Z, Lepiniec L, Dubos C. Complexity and robustness of the flavonoid transcriptional regulatory network revealed by comprehensive analyses of MYB-bHLH-WDR complexes and their targets in Arabidopsis seed. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:132-144. [PMID: 24299194 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, proanthocyanidins (PAs) accumulate in the innermost cell layer of the seed coat (i.e. endothelium, chalaza and micropyle). The expression of the biosynthetic genes involved relies on the transcriptional activity of R2R3-MYB and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins which form ternary complexes ('MBW') with TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) (WD repeat protein). The identification of the direct targets and the determination of the nature and spatio-temporal activity of these MBW complexes are essential steps towards a comprehensive understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms that control flavonoid biosynthesis. In this study, various molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches were used. Here, we have demonstrated that, of the 12 studied genes of the pathway, only dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR), leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX), BANYULS (BAN), TRANSPARENT TESTA 19 (TT19), TT12 and H(+) -ATPase isoform 10 (AHA10) are direct targets of the MBW complexes. Interestingly, although the TT2-TT8-TTG1 complex plays the major role in developing seeds, three additional MBW complexes (i.e. MYB5-TT8-TTG1, TT2-EGL3-TTG1 and TT2-GL3-TTG1) were also shown to be involved, in a tissue-specific manner. Finally, a minimal promoter was identified for each of the target genes of the MBW complexes. Altogether, by answering fundamental questions and by demonstrating or invalidating previously made hypotheses, this study provides a new and comprehensive view of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms controlling PA and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Xu
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
| | - Damaris Grain
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
| | - Sophie Bobet
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
| | - José Le Gourrierec
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
| | - Johanne Thévenin
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
| | - Loïc Lepiniec
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
| | - Christian Dubos
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
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Zhou B, Wang Y, Zhan Y, Li Y, Kawabata S. Chalcone synthase family genes have redundant roles in anthocyanin biosynthesis and in response to blue/UV-A light in turnip (Brassica rapa; Brassicaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2013; 100:2458-67. [PMID: 24197179 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1300305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The epidermis of Brassica rapa (turnip) cv. Tsuda contains light-induced anthocyanins, visible signs of activity of chalcone synthase (CHS), a key anthocyanin biosynthetic enzyme, which is encoded by the CHS gene family. To elucidate the regulation of this light-induced pigmentation, we isolated Brassica rapa CHS1-CHS6 (BrCHS1-CHS6) and characterized their cis-elements and expression patterns. METHODS Epidermises of light-exposed swollen hypocotyls (ESHS) were harvested to analyze transcription levels of BrCHS genes by real-time PCR. Different promoters for the genes were inserted into tobacco to examine pCHS-GUS activity by histochemistry. Yeast-one-hybridization was used to detect binding activity of BrCHS motifs to transcription factors. KEY RESULTS Transcript levels of BrCHS1, -4, and -5 and anthocyanin-biosynthesis-related genes F3H, DFR, and ANS were high, while those of BrCHS2, -3, and -6 were almost undetectable in pigmented ESHS. However, in leaves, CHS5, F3H, and ANS expression was higher than in nonpigmented ESHS, but transcription of DFR was not detected. In the analysis of BrCHS1 and BrCHS3 promoter activity, GUS activity was strong in pigmented flowers of BrPCHS1-GUS-transformed tobacco plants, but nearly absent in BrPCHS3-GUS-transformed plants. Transcript levels of regulators, BrMYB75 and BrTT8, were strongly associated with the anthocyanin content and were light-induced. Coregulated cis-elements were found in promoters of BrCHS1,-4, and -5, and BrMYB75 and BrTT8 had high binding activities to the BrCHS Unit 1 motif. CONCLUSIONS The chalcone synthase gene family encodes a redundant set of light-responsive, tissue-specific genes that are expressed at different levels and are involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in Tsuda turnip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
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Lai Y, Li H, Yamagishi M. A review of target gene specificity of flavonoid R2R3-MYB transcription factors and a discussion of factors contributing to the target gene selectivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-013-1281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wang H, Guan S, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Lu Y. A valid strategy for precise identifications of transcription factor binding sites in combinatorial regulation using bioinformatic and experimental approaches. PLANT METHODS 2013; 9:34. [PMID: 23971995 PMCID: PMC3847620 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-9-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factor (TF) binding sites (cis element) play a central role in gene regulation, and eukaryotic organisms frequently adapt a combinatorial regulation to render sophisticated local gene expression patterns. Knowing the precise cis element on a distal promoter is a prerequisite for studying a typical transcription process; however, identifications of cis elements have lagged behind those of their associated trans acting TFs due to technical difficulties. Consequently, gene regulations via combinatorial TFs, as widely observed across biological processes, have remained vague in many cases. RESULTS We present here a valid strategy for identifying cis elements in combinatorial TF regulations. It consists of bioinformatic searches of available databases to generate candidate cis elements and tests of the candidates using improved experimental assays. Taking the MYB and the bHLH that collaboratively regulate the anthocyanin pathway genes as examples, we demonstrate how candidate cis motifs for the TFs are found on multi-specific promoters of chalcone synthase (CHS) genes, and how to experimentally test the candidate sites by designing DNA fragments hosting the candidate motifs based on a known promoter (us1 allele of Ipomoea purpurea CHS-D in our case) and applying site-mutagenesis at the motifs. It was shown that TF-DNA interactions could be unambiguously analyzed by assays of electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) and dual-luciferase transient expressions, and the resulting evidence precisely delineated a cis element. The cis element for R2R3 MYBs including Ipomoea MYB1 and Magnolia MYB1, for instance, was found to be ANCNACC, and that for bHLHs (exemplified by Ipomoea bHLH2 and petunia AN1) was CACNNG. A re-analysis was conducted on previously reported promoter segments recognized by maize C1 and apple MYB10, which indicated that cis elements similar to ANCNACC were indeed present on these segments, and tested positive for their bindings to Ipomoea MYB1. CONCLUSION Identification of cis elements in combinatorial regulation is now feasible with the strategy outlined. The working pipeline integrates the existing databases with experimental techniques, providing an open framework for precisely identifying cis elements. This strategy is widely applicable to various biological systems, and may enhance future analyses on gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nan Xin Cun, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nan Xin Cun, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhixin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nan Xin Cun, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nan Xin Cun, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yingqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nan Xin Cun, Beijing 100093, China
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Shankar A, Singh A, Kanwar P, Srivastava AK, Pandey A, Suprasanna P, Kapoor S, Pandey GK. Gene expression analysis of rice seedling under potassium deprivation reveals major changes in metabolism and signaling components. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70321. [PMID: 23922980 PMCID: PMC3726378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant nutrition is one of the important areas for improving the yield and quality in crops as well as non-crop plants. Potassium is an essential plant nutrient and is required in abundance for their proper growth and development. Potassium deficiency directly affects the plant growth and hence crop yield and production. Recently, potassium-dependent transcriptomic analysis has been performed in the model plant Arabidopsis, however in cereals and crop plants; such a transcriptome analysis has not been undertaken till date. In rice, the molecular mechanism for the regulation of potassium starvation responses has not been investigated in detail. Here, we present a combined physiological and whole genome transcriptomic study of rice seedlings exposed to a brief period of potassium deficiency then replenished with potassium. Our results reveal that the expressions of a diverse set of genes annotated with many distinct functions were altered under potassium deprivation. Our findings highlight altered expression patterns of potassium-responsive genes majorly involved in metabolic processes, stress responses, signaling pathways, transcriptional regulation, and transport of multiple molecules including K+. Interestingly, several genes responsive to low-potassium conditions show a reversal in expression upon resupply of potassium. The results of this study indicate that potassium deprivation leads to activation of multiple genes and gene networks, which may be acting in concert to sense the external potassium and mediate uptake, distribution and ultimately adaptation to low potassium conditions. The interplay of both upregulated and downregulated genes globally in response to potassium deprivation determines how plants cope with the stress of nutrient deficiency at different physiological as well as developmental stages of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Shankar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Amarjeet Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Kanwar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Amita Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjay Kapoor
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Girdhar K. Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Heppel SC, Jaffé FW, Takos AM, Schellmann S, Rausch T, Walker AR, Bogs J. Identification of key amino acids for the evolution of promoter target specificity of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin regulating MYB factors. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 82:457-71. [PMID: 23689818 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A complex of R2R3-MYB and bHLH transcription factors, stabilized by WD40 repeat proteins, regulates gene transcription for plant cell pigmentation and epidermal cell morphology. It is the MYB component of this complex which specifies promoter target activation. The Arabidopsis MYB TT2 regulates proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis by activating the expression of ANR (anthocyanidin reductase), the gene product of which catalyzes the first committed step of this pathway. Conversely the closely related MYB PAP4 (AtMYB114) regulates the anthocyanin pathway and specifically activates UFGT (UDP-glucose:flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase), encoding the first enzyme of the anthocyanin pathway. Both at the level of structural and regulatory genes, evolution of PA biosynthesis proceeded anthocyanin biosynthesis and we have identified key residues in these MYB transcription factors for the evolution of target promoter specificity. Using chimeric and point mutated variants of TT2 and PAP4 we found that exchange of a single amino acid, Gly/Arg(39) in the R2 domain combined with an exchange of a four amino acid motif in the R3 domain, could swap the pathway selection of TT2 and PAP4, thereby converting in planta specificity of the PA towards the anthocyanin pathway and vice versa. The general importance of these amino acids for target specificity was also shown for the grapevine transcription factors VvMYBPA2 and VvMYBA2 which regulate PAs and anthocyanins, respectively. These results provide an insight into the evolution of the different flavonoid regulators from a common ancestral gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Heppel
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Ravaglia D, Espley RV, Henry-Kirk RA, Andreotti C, Ziosi V, Hellens RP, Costa G, Allan AC. Transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in nectarine (Prunus persica) by a set of R2R3 MYB transcription factors. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:68. [PMID: 23617716 PMCID: PMC3648406 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids such as anthocyanins, flavonols and proanthocyanidins, play a central role in fruit colour, flavour and health attributes. In peach and nectarine (Prunus persica) these compounds vary during fruit growth and ripening. Flavonoids are produced by a well studied pathway which is transcriptionally regulated by members of the MYB and bHLH transcription factor families. We have isolated nectarine flavonoid regulating genes and examined their expression patterns, which suggests a critical role in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. RESULTS In nectarine, expression of the genes encoding enzymes of the flavonoid pathway correlated with the concentration of proanthocyanidins, which strongly increases at mid-development. In contrast, the only gene which showed a similar pattern to anthocyanin concentration was UDP-glucose-flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT), which was high at the beginning and end of fruit growth, remaining low during the other developmental stages. Expression of flavonol synthase (FLS1) correlated with flavonol levels, both temporally and in a tissue specific manner. The pattern of UFGT gene expression may be explained by the involvement of different transcription factors, which up-regulate flavonoid biosynthesis (MYB10, MYB123, and bHLH3), or repress (MYB111 and MYB16) the transcription of the biosynthetic genes. The expression of a potential proanthocyanidin-regulating transcription factor, MYBPA1, corresponded with proanthocyanidin levels. Functional assays of these transcription factors were used to test the specificity for flavonoid regulation. CONCLUSIONS MYB10 positively regulates the promoters of UFGT and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) but not leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR). In contrast, MYBPA1 trans-activates the promoters of DFR and LAR, but not UFGT. This suggests exclusive roles of anthocyanin regulation by MYB10 and proanthocyanidin regulation by MYBPA1. Further, these transcription factors appeared to be responsive to both developmental and environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ravaglia
- Department of Fruit Tree and Woody Plant Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research (PFR), Private Bag 92 169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca A Henry-Kirk
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research (PFR), Private Bag 92 169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carlo Andreotti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen, Piazza Università 5, Bozen, 39100, Italy
| | - Vanina Ziosi
- Department of Fruit Tree and Woody Plant Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roger P Hellens
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research (PFR), Private Bag 92 169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Guglielmo Costa
- Department of Fruit Tree and Woody Plant Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research (PFR), Private Bag 92 169, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland, New Zealand
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HY5 regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis by inducing the transcriptional activation of the MYB75/PAP1 transcription factor in Arabidopsis. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1543-7. [PMID: 23583450 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several positive transcription factors regulate Arabidopsis anthocyanin biosynthesis. HY5, a component of light-signaling pathways, and PAP1, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, share common regulatory targets on anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. The epistatic interactions between the two transcription factors are currently unknown. To address this problem, we analyzed crosses between hy5 and pap1 mutants (hy5pap1) or pap1D overexpressors (hy5pap1D), performed chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR, and determined the PAP1 promoter region through deletion analysis. The results show that HY5 regulates PAP1 expression via direct binding to G- and ACE-boxes in the promoter region, which suggests bifurcate regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by HY5 via transcriptional activation of PAP1.
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Picard K, Lee R, Hellens R, Macknight R. Transient gene expression in Medicago truncatula leaves via Agroinfiltration. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1069:215-26. [PMID: 23996318 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-613-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transient expression is a powerful method for the functional characterization of genes. In this chapter, we outline a protocol for the transient expression of constructs in Medicago truncatula leaves using Agrobacterium tumefaciens infiltration. Using quantitative real-time PCR we demonstrate that the infiltration of a construct containing the LEGUME ANTHOCYANIN PRODUCTION 1 (LAP1) transcription factor results in the strong upregulation of key biosynthetic genes and the accumulation of anthocyanin pigment in the leaves after just 3 days. Thus, this method provides a rapid and powerful way to the discovery of downstream targets of M. truncatula transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Picard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Spitzer-Rimon B, Farhi M, Albo B, Cna’ani A, Ben Zvi MM, Masci T, Edelbaum O, Yu Y, Shklarman E, Ovadis M, Vainstein A. The R2R3-MYB-like regulatory factor EOBI, acting downstream of EOBII, regulates scent production by activating ODO1 and structural scent-related genes in petunia. THE PLANT CELL 2012; 24:5089-105. [PMID: 23275577 PMCID: PMC3556977 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.105247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Flower scent is a highly dynamic trait, under developmental, spatial, and diurnal regulation. The mechanism governing scent production is only beginning to be unraveled. In petunia (Petunia hybrida), EMISSION OF BENZENOIDS II (EOBII) controls transcription of both the shikimate pathway-regulating MYB factor ODORANT1 (ODO1) and phenylpropanoid scent-related structural genes. A promoter-activation screen identified an R2R3-MYB-like regulatory factor of phenylpropanoid volatile biosynthesis acting downstream of EOBII, designated EOBI. EOBI silencing led to downregulation of ODO1 and numerous structural scent-related genes from both the shikimate and phenylpropanoid pathways. The ability of EOBI to directly activate ODO1, as revealed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and yeast one-hybrid analysis, place EOBI upstream of ODO1 in regulating substrate availability for volatile biosynthesis. Interestingly, ODO1-silenced transgenic petunia flowers accumulated higher EOBI transcript levels than controls, suggesting a complex feedback loop between these regulatory factors. The accumulation pattern of EOBI transcript relative to EOBII and ODO1, and the effect of up/downregulation of EOBII on transcript levels of EOBI and ODO1, further support these factors' hierarchical relationships. The dependence of scent production on EOBI expression and its direct interaction with both regulatory and structural genes provide evidence for EOBI's wide-ranging involvement in the production of floral volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Spitzer-Rimon
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Moran Farhi
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Boaz Albo
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alon Cna’ani
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Moyal Ben Zvi
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tania Masci
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Orit Edelbaum
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yixun Yu
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Elena Shklarman
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Marianna Ovadis
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alexander Vainstein
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Luo QJ, Mittal A, Jia F, Rock CD. An autoregulatory feedback loop involving PAP1 and TAS4 in response to sugars in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 80:117-29. [PMID: 21533841 PMCID: PMC3272322 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-011-9778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
miR828 in Arabidopsis triggers the cleavage of Trans-Acting SiRNA Gene 4 (TAS4) transcripts and production of small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs). One siRNA, TAS4-siRNA81(-), targets a set of MYB transcription factors including PAP1, PAP2, and MYB113 which regulate the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. Interestingly, miR828 also targets MYB113, suggesting a close relationship between these MYBs, miR828, and TAS4, but their evolutionary origins are unknown. We found that PAP1, PAP2, and TAS4 expression is induced specifically by exogenous treatment with sucrose and glucose in seedlings. The induction is attenuated in abscisic acid (ABA) pathway mutants, especially in abi3-1 and abi5-1 for PAP1 or PAP2, while no such effect is observed for TAS4. PAP1 is under regulation by TAS4, demonstrated by the accumulation of PAP1 transcripts and anthocyanin in ta-siRNA biogenesis pathway mutants. TAS4-siR81(-) expression is induced by physiological concentrations of Suc and Glc and in pap1-D, an activation-tagged line, indicating a feedback regulatory loop exists between PAP1 and TAS4. Bioinformatic analysis revealed MIR828 homologues in dicots and gymnosperms, but only in one basal monocot, whereas TAS4 is only found in dicots. Consistent with this observation, PAP1, PAP2, and MYB113 dicot paralogs show peptide and nucleotide footprints for the TAS4-siR81(-) binding site, providing evidence for purifying selection in contrast to monocots. Extended sequence similarities between MIR828, MYBs, and TAS4 support an inverted duplication model for the evolution of MIR828 from an ancestral gymnosperm MYB gene and subsequent formation of TAS4 by duplication of the miR828* arm. We obtained evidence by modified 5'-RACE for a MYB mRNA cleavage product guided by miR828 in Pinus resinosa. Taken together, our results suggest that regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by TAS4 and miR828 in higher plants is evolutionarily significant and consistent with the evolution of TAS4 since the dicot-monocot divergence.
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Zvi MMB, Shklarman E, Masci T, Kalev H, Debener T, Shafir S, Ovadis M, Vainstein A. PAP1 transcription factor enhances production of phenylpropanoid and terpenoid scent compounds in rose flowers. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 195:335-345. [PMID: 22548501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
• Floral scent is a complex trait of biological and applied significance. To evaluate whether scent production originating from diverse metabolic pathways (e.g. phenylpropanoids and isoprenoids) can be affected by transcriptional regulators, Arabidopsis PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT1 (PAP1) transcription factor was introduced into Rosa hybrida. • Color and scent profiles of PAP1-transgenic and control (β-glucuronidase-expressing) rose flowers and the expression of key genes involved in the production of secondary metabolites were analyzed. To evaluate the significance of the scent modification, olfactory trials were conducted with both humans and honeybees. • In addition to increased levels of phenylpropanoid-derived color and scent compounds when compared with control flowers, PAP1-transgenic rose lines also emitted up to 6.5 times higher levels of terpenoid scent compounds. Olfactory assay revealed that bees and humans could discriminate between the floral scents of PAP1-transgenic and control flowers. • The increase in volatile production in PAP1 transgenes was not caused solely by transcriptional activation of their respective biosynthetic genes, but probably also resulted from enhanced metabolic flux in both the phenylpropanoid and isoprenoid pathways. The mechanism(s) governing the interactions in these metabolic pathways that are responsible for the production of specialized metabolites remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Moyal Ben Zvi
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Elena Shklarman
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tania Masci
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Haim Kalev
- B. Triwaks Bee Research Center, Department of Entomology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Thomas Debener
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Molecular Plant Breeding, Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover D-30419, Germany
| | - Sharoni Shafir
- B. Triwaks Bee Research Center, Department of Entomology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Marianna Ovadis
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alexander Vainstein
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Alon M, Elbaz M, Ben-Zvi MM, Feldmesser E, Vainstein A, Morin S. Insights into the transcriptomics of polyphagy: Bemisia tabaci adaptability to phenylpropanoids involves coordinated expression of defense and metabolic genes. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 42:251-63. [PMID: 22212826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a major generalist agricultural pest of field and horticultural crops world-wide. Despite its importance, the molecular bases of defense mechanisms in B. tabaci against major plant secondary defense compounds, such as the phenylpropanoids, remain unknown. Our experimental system utilized transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants constitutively expressing the PAP1/AtMYB75 transcription factor which activates relatively specifically the phenylpropanoid/flavonoids biosynthetic pathway. Our study used suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and cDNA microarray approaches to compare gene expression between B. tabaci adults subjected to wild-type or transgenic plants for 6 h. A total of 2880 clones from the SSH libraries were sequenced. Both the SSH and cDNA microarray analyses indicated a complex interaction between B. tabaci and secondary defense metabolites produced by the phenylpropanoids/flavonoids pathway, involving enhanced expression of detoxification, immunity, oxidative stress and general stress related genes as well as general metabolism and ribosomal genes. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed significant changes in the expression of several of these genes in response to feeding on artificial diet containing the flavonoids quercetin. The elevated transcriptional activity was not accompanied by reduced reproductive performance, indicating high adaptability of B. tabaci to this large group of plant secondary defense metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Alon
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Herzel 3, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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50
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Bhattacharya A, Ramos ML, Faustinelli P, Ozias-Akins P. Reporter Gene Expression Patterns Regulated by an Ara h 2 Promoter Differ in Homologous Versus Heterologous Systems1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3146/ps11-16.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a globally important crop whose seeds are widely used in food products. Peanut seeds contain proteins that serve a nutrient reservoir function and that also are major allergens. As part of an investigation to determine the effect of reducing/eliminating the peanut allergen Ara h 2 from seeds, gene sequence including upstream regulatory regions was characterized. The ability of regions upstream of the translation initiation site to regulate seed-specific expression of reporter genes was tested in peanut and Arabidopsis. Two independent transgenic peanut lines biolistically transformed with 1kb of DNA upstream of the Ara h 2.02 (B-genome) coding sequence controlling a Green Fluorescent Protein – β-glucuronidase (Gfp-Gus) fusion were obtained. All T1, T2 and T3 generations of transgenic plants showed the expression of GFP and GUS restricted to seeds and near background levels in vegetative tissues. However, constitutive GUS expression was observed in Arabidopsis transgenic lines, a heterologous system. It is possible that trans-acting factors regulating seed specificity in peanut are too divergent in Arabidopsis to enable the seed specific response. Thus, the promoter described in this paper may have potential use for expression of transgenes in peanut where seed-specificity is desired, but expression patterns should be tested in heterologous systems prior to off-the-shelf adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bhattacharya
- Present address: Bench Biotechnology, Vapi, Gujarat, India
| | - M. L. Ramos
- Present address: NIDERA S.A., Departamento de Biotecnologia, Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe CP2600, Argentina
| | - P. Faustinelli
- Present address: Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Catholic University of Cordoba, Camino a Alta Gracia km 7 1/2 (5017), Cordoba, Argentina
| | - P. Ozias-Akins
- Research location and current address of P. Ozias-Akins: Department of Horticulture and NESPAL, The University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793-5766
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