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Minato-Inokawa S, Tsuboi-Kaji A, Honda M, Takeuchi M, Kitaoka K, Kurata M, Wu B, Kazumi T, Fukuo K. Associations of ALT/AST, a marker of hepatosteatosis, with pulse rate in young women and with blood pressure in middle-aged women independently of abdominal fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Diabetol Int 2024; 15:270-277. [PMID: 38524930 PMCID: PMC10959855 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-023-00689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
We examined whether alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST), a marker of hepatosteatosis, may be associated with a wider constellation of variables related to metabolic syndrome in Japanese women. Body fat and distribution, and metabolic syndrome-related variables were measured in 311 young and 148 middle-aged women. We had Pearson's correlation analysis and then stepwise multivariate linear regression analyses. In both middle-aged and young women, ALT/AST was associated with homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), trunk/leg fat ratio and pulse rate. In middle-aged women but not in young women, ALT/AST was associated with waist circumference, fasting glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol (inversely), systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure (BP). Further, in middle-aged women only, the ratio was associated with BMI, percentage body fat, apolipoprotein B and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Among these variables, pulse rate in young women and systolic BP in middle-aged women were associated with ALT/AST independently of trunk/leg fat ratio, a sophisticated measures of abdominal fat accumulation, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol. In conclusion, ALT/AST was associated with pulse rate in young women and with systolic BP in middle-aged women independently of abdominal fat accumulation and insulin resistance. It is noted that their waist circumference averaged < 80 cm and ALT < 30 U/L, suggesting minimum accumulation of abdominal and hepatic fat, respectively, key drivers of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-023-00689-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Minato-Inokawa
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tsuboi-Kaji
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Honda
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women’s University, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Mika Takeuchi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Advanced Epidemiology, Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga Japan
| | - Miki Kurata
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Bin Wu
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Tsutomu Kazumi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kohan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Hyogo Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukuo
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
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Akash MSH, Shahid M, Suhail S, Rehman K, Nadeem A, Mir TM. Tetra-ARMS PCR analysis of angiotensinogen AGT T174M (rs4762) genetic polymorphism in diabetic patients: a comprehensive study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1240291. [PMID: 37693342 PMCID: PMC10485609 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1240291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Hypertension (HTN) is a multifactorial chronic disease that poses a significant global health burden and is associated with increased mortality rates. It often coexists with other conditions, such as cardiovascular, liver, and renal diseases, and has a strong association with diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction commonly occur in individuals with both HTN and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Genetic factors, along with environmental and pathological factors, play a role in the development of HTN. Recent studies have revealed the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various genes on HTN. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genetic polymorphism of angiotensinogen (AGT) T174M (rs4762) and its association with HTN in diabetic patients. Methods A total of 300 participants were enrolled in this study and divided into three groups: control, hypertensive, and hypertensive diabetic. Blood samples were collected, and predetermined biochemical parameters were assessed. Genotyping of the AGT T174M (rs4762) gene was conducted using Tetra ARMS PCR with specific primers. Results The study findings revealed a significant association between AGT T174M (rs4762) genotype and HTN in diabetic patients within the Pakistani population. The C/T genotype of AGT T174M (rs4762) was found to be significant in both the hypertensive and hypertensive diabetic participants compared to the control group. This genotype was identified as a risk factor for developing HTN in both the hypertensive and hypertensive diabetic participants. Conclusion This study demonstrates a significant association between AGT T174M (rs4762) genetic polymorphism and HTN in diabetic patients. The C/T genotype of AGT T174M (rs4762) may serve as a potential marker for identifying individuals at risk of developing HTN, specifically in the hypertensive and hypertensive diabetic populations. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and validate these findings in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Momina Shahid
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaleem Suhail
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chenab, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahir Maqbool Mir
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
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Cho KH, Kim JE, Komatsu T, Uehara Y. Protection of Liver Functions and Improvement of Kidney Functions by Twelve Weeks Consumption of Cuban Policosanol (Raydel ®) with a Decrease of Glycated Hemoglobin and Blood Pressure from a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, and Double-Blinded Study with Healthy and Middle-Aged Japanese Participants. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1319. [PMID: 37374102 DOI: 10.3390/life13061319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Policosanol consumption has been associated with treating blood pressure and dyslipidemia by increasing the level of high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL functionality. Although policosanol supplementation also ameliorated liver function in animal models, it has not been reported in a human clinical study, particularly with a 20 mg doage of policosanol. In the current study, twelve-week consumption of Cuban policosanol (Raydel®) significantly enhanced the hepatic functions, showing remarkable decreases in hepatic enzymes, blood urea nitrogen, and glycated hemoglobin. From the human trial with Japanese participants, the policosanol group (n = 26, male 13/female 13) showed a remarkable decrease in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) from baseline up to 21% (p = 0.041) and 8.7% (p = 0.017), respectively. In contrast, the placebo group (n = 26, male 13/female 13) showed almost no change or slight elevation. The policosanol group showed a 16% decrease in γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GTP) at week 12 from the baseline (p = 0.015), while the placebo group showed a 1.2% increase. The policosanol group exhibited significantly lower serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels at week 8 (p = 0.012), week 12 (p = 0.012), and after 4-weeks (p = 0.006) compared to those of the placebo group. After 12 weeks of policosanol consumption, the ferric ion reduction ability and paraoxonase of serum were elevated by 37% (p < 0.001) and 29% (p = 0.004) higher than week 0, while placebo consumption showed no notable changes. Interestingly, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in serum was lowered significantly in the policosanol group 4 weeks after consumption, which was approximately 2.1% (p = 0.004) lower than the placebo group. In addition, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and uric acid levels were significantly lower in the policosanol group after 4 weeks: 14% lower (p = 0.002) and 4% lower (p = 0.048) than those of the placebo group, respectively. Repeated measures of ANOVA showed that the policosanol group had remarkable decreases in AST (p = 0.041), ALT (p = 0.008), γ-GTP (p = 0.016), ALP (p = 0.003), HbA1c (p = 0.010), BUN (p = 0.030), and SBP (p = 0.011) from the changes in the placebo group in point of time and group interaction. In conclusion, 12 weeks of 20 mg consumption of policosanol significantly enhanced hepatic protection by lowering the serum AST, ALT, ALP, and γ-GTP via a decrease in glycated hemoglobin, uric acid, and BUN with an elevation of serum antioxidant abilities. These results suggest that improvements in blood pressure by consumption of 20 mg of policosanol (Raydel®) were accompanied by protection of liver function and enhanced kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hyun Cho
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Tomohiro Komatsu
- Center for Preventive, Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Uehara
- Center for Preventive, Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Asgari S, Molavizadeh D, Tohidi M, Momenan AA, Azizi F, Hadaegh F. Prevalence and metabolic determinants of abnormal alanine aminotransferase: A cross-sectional study of Iranian adults, 2018-2022. J Clin Lab Anal 2023; 37:e24937. [PMID: 37403787 PMCID: PMC10431421 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an enzyme whose activity became the principal biomarker for liver disease. In the current study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of abnormal ALT, as a surrogate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its associated determinants using different criteria among Tehranian subjects between 2018 and 2022. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study on 5676 Tehranian individuals aged 20-70 years. The weighted prevalence of abnormal ALT was calculated using both the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States (US-NHANCE; ALT ≥30 U/L for females and ≥40 U/L for males) and the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) guideline (ALT >25 U/L for females, and >33 U/L for males) thresholds. Moreover, uni/multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to find the determinants of abnormal ALT. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of abnormal ALT was 12.8% (7.6% females and 18% males) and 22.5% (17.7% females and 27.3% males) based on US-NHANCE and ACG criteria, respectively. Our results showed every decade increase in age decreased the risk of abnormal ALT by 32%. We also found that generally male gender, being overweight/obese, central adiposity, TG ≥6.9 mmol/L, non-HDL-C ≥3.37 mmol/L, lipid-lowering medications, pre-diabetes/T2DM were associated with abnormal ALT using different cutoff points. Moreover, among men resting tachycardia (≥90 beats per min), hypertension, and females past-smoker were also found as other determinants of abnormal ALT. CONCLUSION High prevalence of abnormal ALT among non-elderly Iranian adults, especially among men, necessitates immediate multifaceted strategies by policymakers to prevent potential complications caused by NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Asgari
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Maryam Tohidi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Amir Abbas Momenan
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Farzad Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Owusu BA, Lim A, Pongsiri N, Intawong C, Rheanpumikankit S, Suksri S, Ingviya T. Latent Trajectories of Haematological, Hepatic, and Renal Profiles after Oil Spill Exposure: A Longitudinal Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2871. [PMID: 36833568 PMCID: PMC9956276 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in crude oil has carcinogenic effects on various organ systems. This longitudinal cohort study examined the effects of oil spill exposure on the haematological, hepatic, and renal profiles of Rayong oil spill clean-up workers. The sample included 869 clean-up workers from the Rayong oil spill. Latent class mixture models were used to investigate and classify the longitudinal trajectories and trends of the haematological, hepatic, and renal indices. Subgroup analysis was used to evaluate the association between the urinary metabolites of PAHs and VOCs and haematological, hepatic, and renal parameters. Most clean-up workers (97.6%) had increasing levels of white blood cells (WBCs) (0.03 × 103 cells/µL), 94.90% of the workers had a significantly increasing trend of blood urea nitrogen (0.31 mg/dL per year), and 87.20% had a significantly increasing trend of serum creatinine (0.01 mg/dL per year). A high-decreasing trend of WBCs was seen in 2.42% (-0.73 × 103 per year). Post-exposure changes in haematological, renal, and hepatic profiles are present in workers exposed to the Rayong oil spill. This indicates possible long-term health complications and worsening renal function after exposure to PAHs and VOCs in crude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Atta Owusu
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
- Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Centre, Kumasi AOK569, Ghana
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Division of Digital Innovation and Data Analytics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Apiradee Lim
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Nitinun Pongsiri
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
- Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Centre, Kumasi AOK569, Ghana
| | - Chanthip Intawong
- Occupational Medicine Department, Rayong Hospital, Rayong 21000, Thailand
| | | | - Saijit Suksri
- Rayong Provincial Public Health Office, Rayong 21000, Thailand
| | - Thammasin Ingviya
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Division of Digital Innovation and Data Analytics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Dong J, Hu LK, Lu YK, Liu YH, Chu X, Yan YX. Association of serum uric acid with the risk of developing hypertension: A prospective cohort study with mediation analysis. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:345-356. [PMID: 36357616 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) is associated with the incidence of hypertension, but whether relevant metabolic factors have mediating effects is not certain. Our study was based on a functional community cohort established in Beijing. In 2015, a total of 7482 individuals without hypertension were recruited and followed up until 2019. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between SUA and hypertension. Cross-lagged panel analysis and mediation analysis were used to explore the effects of metabolic factors on the association between SUA and incident hypertension. During the average 4-year follow-up, the cumulative incidence of hypertension was 10.9% (n = 580). SUA was an independent risk factor for hypertension, and the RRs (95% CI) for subjects with baseline SUA levels in quartile 2, quartile 3 and quartile 4 were 1.20 (0.88-1.63), 1.50 (1.10-2.05), and 1.57 (1.11-2.22) compared to those in quartile 1, respectively. The cross-lagged panel analysis showed that the increases in Cr, TG, LDL, ALT, AST and WBC occurred after SUA increased (P < 0.001). Among these factors, TG, WBC and ALT played an intermediary role in both men (TG: 14.76%; WBC: 11.61%; ALT: 15.93%) and women (TG: 14.55%; WBC: 8.55%; ALT: 6.89%). The elevated SUA concentration was an independent risk factor for hypertension in the Chinese population, and TG, WBC and ALT had important mediating effects on the association between SUA and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- Health Management Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Kun Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ke Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chu
- Health Management Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Xiang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
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Fang Z, Zhu L, Zhang T, Jin Y, Chen Y, Yao Y. Sex-specific genetic association of brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) and obesity in Chinese youth. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:464-469. [PMID: 36335026 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circadian clock gene brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) regulates energy metabolism, adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, glucose metabolism, and other functions. This study aimed to examine the association of potential polymorphisms in BMAL1 with obesity among Chinese youth. METHODS A total of 2973 participants were included in this study. According to the body mass index obesity standard of China, 208 subjects were defined as experiencing general obesity. According to the waist-to-hip ratio obesity standard, 335 participants were defined as experiencing central obesity. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs9633835, rs6486121, rs7107287, and rs12364562) were genotyped using TaqMan probe techniques. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the either genotypic or allelic frequencies between the non-general and general obesity groups, while a positive association was observed between BMAL1 rs6486121 variant and central obesity risk (CC+CT vs. TT: OR:2.139, 95% CI:1.164-3.930; P = 0.014) after adjusting for covariates. Stratification analyses revealed significant associations with central obesity risk for rs6486121 polymorphism in women according to the additive model (CC vs. CT vs. TT: OR:1.409; 95 % CI: 1.029-1.930; P = 0.032). Haplotype analysis showed that only paired haplotypes, including rs9633835G with rs6486121T, had a significant effect on central obesity with OR (95%CI) was 1.035 (1.011-1.060) and P = 0.004. CONCLUSION our findings suggest that BMAL1 polymorphisms are significantly associated with central obesity and sex-specific genetic effects on BMAL1-mediated genetic susceptibility to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmei Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang west Road, Wuhu 241002 Anhui, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang west Road, Wuhu 241002 Anhui, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang west Road, Wuhu 241002 Anhui, China
| | - Yuelong Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang west Road, Wuhu 241002 Anhui, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang west Road, Wuhu 241002 Anhui, China.
| | - Yingshui Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang west Road, Wuhu 241002 Anhui, China; Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.18, Wuxia Shanxi Road, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China.
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