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Gonelli CA, King HAD, Mackenzie C, Sonza S, Center RJ, Purcell DFJ. Immunogenicity of HIV-1-Based Virus-Like Particles with Increased Incorporation and Stability of Membrane-Bound Env. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:239. [PMID: 33801906 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An optimal prophylactic vaccine to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) transmission should elicit protective antibody responses against the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). Replication-incompetent HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs) offer the opportunity to present virion-associated Env with a native-like structure during vaccination that closely resembles that encountered on infectious virus. Here, we optimized the incorporation of Env into previously designed mature-form VLPs (mVLPs) and assessed their immunogenicity in mice. The incorporation of Env into mVLPs was increased by replacing the Env transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail domains with those of influenza haemagglutinin (HA-TMCT). Furthermore, Env was stabilized on the VLP surface by introducing an interchain disulfide and proline substitution (SOSIP) mutations typically employed to stabilize soluble Env trimers. The resulting mVLPs efficiently presented neutralizing antibody epitopes while minimizing exposure of non-neutralizing antibody sites. Vaccination of mice with mVLPs elicited a broader range of Env-specific antibody isotypes than Env presented on immature VLPs or extracellular vesicles. The mVLPs bearing HA-TMCT-modified Env consistently induced anti-Env antibody responses that mediated modest neutralization activity. These mVLPs are potentially useful immunogens for eliciting neutralizing antibody responses that target native Env epitopes on infectious HIV-1 virions.
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Cervera L, Gòdia F, Tarrés-Freixas F, Aguilar-Gurrieri C, Carrillo J, Blanco J, Gutiérrez-Granados S. Production of HIV-1-based virus-like particles for vaccination: achievements and limits. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7367-7384. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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3
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Tohidi F, Sadat SM, Bolhassani A, Yaghobi R, Larijani MS. Induction of a Robust Humoral Response using HIV-1 VLPMPER-V3 as a Novel Candidate Vaccine in BALB/c Mice. Curr HIV Res 2019; 17:33-41. [DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666190306124218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Several approaches have not been successful to suppress HIV (Human immunodeficiency
virus) infection among infected individuals or to prevent it yet. In order to expand
strong HIV specific humoral and cellular responses, Virus-like particles (VLPs) as potential vaccines
show significant increase in neutralizing antibodies secretion, T-cell count and also secretion
of cytokines.
Objective:
This study aimed at immunological evaluation of VLPs harboring high copy of MPERV3
in BALB/c mice.
Methods:
Female BALB/c mice were immunized with homologous and heterologous primeboosting
regimens of HIV-1 VLPMPER-V3. Their immune responses were evaluated for humoral responses
(Total IgG and IgG isotyping) and cellular responses (IFN-γ, IL-5 secretion, in vitro CTL
assay and T cell proliferation) and compared in immunized mice.
Results:
The data showed robust induction of humoral response in mice groups which received different
regimens of VLP. Furthermore, analysis of cytokine profile indicated that the highest IL-5 secretion
was related to VLP+M50 group and confirmed the dominance of Th2 immunity in this
group.
Conclusion:
This study showed that VLP MPER-V3 as a potential vaccine candidate has the potency as
an effective prophylactic vaccine and this finding guarantees further investigations to achieve a
promising HIV-1 vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tohidi
- Department of Hepatitis, AIDS and Blood Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Sadat
- Department of Hepatitis, AIDS and Blood Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis, AIDS and Blood Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mona Sadat Larijani
- Department of Hepatitis, AIDS and Blood Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Kim HJ, Son HS, Lee SW, Yoon Y, Hyeon JY, Chung GT, Lee JW, Yoo JS. Efficient expression of enterovirus 71 based on virus-like particles vaccine. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210477. [PMID: 30845175 PMCID: PMC6405078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus (EV) 71 is the main pathogen associated with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) and can lead to the disease with severe mortality in children. Since 2009, in the Republic of Korea, an outbreak of EV71 C4a infection with neurologic involvement emerged, where in HFMD involvement was identified and central nervous system complications were reported. In this study, EV71 C4a virus-like particles (VLPs) produced by recombinant technology were generated in a baculovirus expression system. To improve the production yield, EV71 VLP was constructed using the dual promoter system baculovirus P1 and 3CD (baculo-P1-3CD), which harbored both the structural protein-encoding P1 region under the control of the polyhedron promoter and the 3CD protease gene under the regulation of the CMV-IE, lef3, gp41, or chitinase promoters to augment the level of gene transcription. Efficient VLP expression was demonstrated through optimization of incubation time and insect cell type. In addition, to evaluate the potential of VLP as a vaccine candidate, we tested the neutralizing antibodies and total anti-EV71 IgG from the purified EV71 C4a VLP serum. The recombinant EV71 VLP exhibited the morphology of self-assembled VLP, as determined by electron microscopy. Use of baculo-P1-3CD-gp41 led to a high yield (11.3mg/L < 40kDa) of VLPs in High-FiveTM cells at 3 days post-infection. Furthermore, the potential of VLP as a vaccine was evaluated through the neutralizing ability elicited by the purified EV71 VLP after immunization of BALB/c mice, which was shown to induce potent and long-lasting humoral immune responses as evidenced by the cross-neutralization titer. Our results could be used to expedite the developmental process for vaccines under clinical trials and to ensure manufacturing consistency for licensing requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Kim
- Division of Vaccine Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institutes of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong-eup, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sun Son
- Division of Vaccine Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institutes of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong-eup, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Division of Strategic Planning for Emerging Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Youngsil Yoon
- Division of Viral Disease, Center for Laboratory control of Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Hyeon
- Division of Vaccine Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institutes of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong-eup, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyung Tae Chung
- Division of Strategic Planning for Emerging Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, CheongJu, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - June-Woo Lee
- Division of Vaccine Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institutes of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong-eup, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JSY); (JWL)
| | - Jung Sik Yoo
- Division of Vaccine Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institutes of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong-eup, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JSY); (JWL)
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunization has been a remarkably successful public health intervention; however, new approaches to vaccine design are essential to counter existing and emerging infectious diseases which have defied traditional vaccination efforts to date. Nanoparticles (ordered structures with dimensions in the range of 1-1000 nm) have great potential to supplement traditional vaccines based upon pathogen subunits, or killed or attenuated microorganisms, as exemplified by the successful licensure of virus-like particle vaccines for human papillomavirus and hepatitis B. However, the immunological mechanisms that underpin the potent immunity of nanoparticle vaccines are poorly defined. AREAS COVERED Here, we review the immunity of nanoparticle immunization. The display of antigen in a repetitive, ordered array mimics the surface of a pathogen, as does their nanoscale size. These properties facilitate enhanced innate immune activation, improved drainage and retention in lymph nodes, stronger engagement with B cell receptors, and augmented T cell help in driving B cell activation. EXPERT OPINION In the near future, increasingly complex nanoparticle vaccines displaying multiple antigens and/or co-delivered adjuvants will reach clinical trials. An improved mechanistic understanding of nanoparticle vaccination will ultimately facilitate the rational design of improved vaccines for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Kelly
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne , Australia.,b ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne , Australia.,b ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia.,c Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases , Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne , Australia.,b ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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Ibrahim A, Odon V, Kormelink R. Plant Viruses in Plant Molecular Pharming: Toward the Use of Enveloped Viruses. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:803. [PMID: 31275344 PMCID: PMC6594412 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant molecular pharming has emerged as a reliable platform for recombinant protein expression providing a safe and low-cost alternative to bacterial and mammalian cells-based systems. Simultaneously, plant viruses have evolved from pathogens to molecular tools for recombinant protein expression, chimaeric viral vaccine production, and lately, as nanoagents for drug delivery. This review summarizes the genesis of viral vectors and agroinfection, the development of non-enveloped viruses for various biotechnological applications, and the on-going research on enveloped plant viruses.
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Liu H, Su X, Si L, Lu L, Jiang S. The development of HIV vaccines targeting gp41 membrane-proximal external region (MPER): challenges and prospects. Protein Cell 2018; 9:596-615. [PMID: 29667004 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0534-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) vaccine which is able to effectively prevent infection would be the most powerful method of extinguishing pandemic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Yet, achieving such vaccine remains great challenges. The membrane-proximal external region (MPER) is a highly conserved region of the envelope glycoprotein (Env) gp41 subunit near the viral envelope surface, and it plays a key role in membrane fusion. It is also the target of some reported broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Thus, MPER is deemed to be one of the most attractive vaccine targets. However, no one can induce these bNAbs by immunization with immunogens containing the MPER sequence(s). The few attempts at developing a vaccine have only resulted in the induction of neutralizing antibodies with quite low potency and limited breadth. Thus far, vaccine failure can be attributed to various characteristics of MPER, such as those involving structure and immunology; therefore, we will focus on these and review the recent progress in the field from the following perspectives: (1) MPER structure and its role in membrane fusion, (2) the epitopes and neutralization mechanisms of MPER-specific bNAbs, as well as the limitations in eliciting neutralizing antibodies, and (3) different strategies for MPER vaccine design and current harvests.
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Molinos-Albert LM, Clotet B, Blanco J, Carrillo J. Immunologic Insights on the Membrane Proximal External Region: A Major Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Vaccine Target. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1154. [PMID: 28970835 PMCID: PMC5609547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting conserved regions within the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) can be generated by the human immune system and their elicitation by vaccination will be a key point to protect against the wide range of viral diversity. The membrane proximal external region (MPER) is a highly conserved region within the Env gp41 subunit, plays a major role in membrane fusion and is targeted by naturally induced bNAbs. Therefore, the MPER is considered as an attractive vaccine target. However, despite many attempts to design MPER-based immunogens, further study is still needed to understand its structural complexity, its amphiphilic feature, and its limited accessibility by steric hindrance. These particular features compromise the development of MPER-specific neutralizing responses during natural infection and limit the number of bNAbs isolated against this region, as compared with other HIV-1 vulnerability sites, and represent additional hurdles for immunogen development. Nevertheless, the analysis of MPER humoral responses elicited during natural infection as well as the MPER bNAbs isolated to date highlight that the human immune system is capable of generating MPER protective antibodies. Here, we discuss the recent advances describing the immunologic and biochemical features that make the MPER a unique HIV-1 vulnerability site, the different strategies to generate MPER-neutralizing antibodies in immunization protocols and point the importance of extending our knowledge toward new MPER epitopes by the isolation of novel monoclonal antibodies. This will be crucial for the redesign of immunogens able to skip non-neutralizing MPER determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Molinos-Albert
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Stenler S, Lundin KE, Hansen L, Petkov S, Mozafari N, Isaguliants M, Blomberg P, Smith CIE, Goldenberg DM, Chang CH, Ljungberg K, Hinkula J, Wahren B. Immunization with HIV-1 envelope T20-encoding DNA vaccines elicits cross-clade neutralizing antibody responses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2849-2858. [PMID: 28696158 PMCID: PMC5718786 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1338546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Genetic immunization is expected to induce the expression of antigens in a native form. The encoded peptide epitopes are presented on endogenous MHC molecules, mimicking antigen presentation during a viral infection. We have explored the potential of enfuvirtide (T20), a short HIV peptide with antiviral properties, to enhance immune response to HIV antigens. To generate an expression vector, the T20 sequence was cloned into a conventional plasmid, the novel minicircle construct, and a replicon plasmid. In addition, 3 conventional plasmids that express the envelope of HIV-1 subtypes A, B and C and contain T20 in their gp41 sequences were also tested. Results: All combinations induced HIV-specific antibodies and cellular responses. The addition of T20 as a peptide and as an expression cassette in the 3 DNA vectors enhanced antibody responses. The highest anti-HIV-1 Env titers were obtained by the replicon T20 construct. This demonstrates that besides its known antiviral activity, T20 promotes immune responses. We also confirm that the combination of slightly divergent antigens improves immune responses. Conclusions: The antiretroviral T20 HIV-1 sequence can be used as an immunogen to elicit binding and neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. These, or similarly modified gp41 genes/peptides, can be used as priming or boosting components for induction of broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibodies. Future comparative studies will reveal the optimal mode of T20 administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stenler
- a Karolinska Cell Therapy Center , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - K E Lundin
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center , Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - L Hansen
- c Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - S Petkov
- c Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - N Mozafari
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center , Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - M Isaguliants
- c Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - P Blomberg
- a Karolinska Cell Therapy Center , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - C I E Smith
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center , Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - D M Goldenberg
- d Immunomedics, Inc., Morris Plains , NJ , USA.,e IBC Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Morris Plains , NJ , USA
| | - C-H Chang
- d Immunomedics, Inc., Morris Plains , NJ , USA.,e IBC Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Morris Plains , NJ , USA
| | - K Ljungberg
- c Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - J Hinkula
- f Department of Molecular Virology , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - B Wahren
- c Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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10
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Yu Y, Fu L, Jiang X, Guan S, Kuai Z, Kong W, Shi Y, Shan Y. Expression of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus 8 in vitro and in vivo. Mol Immunol 2016; 80:68-77. [PMID: 27835755 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite unremitting efforts since the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), an effective vaccine has not been generated. Viral vector-mediated transfer for expression of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (BnAbs) is an attractive strategy. In this study, a recombinant adeno-associated virus 8 (rAAV8) vector was used to encode full-length antibodies against HIV-1 in 293T cells and Balb/c mice after gene transfer. The 10E8 or NIH45-46 BnAb was expressed from a single open reading frame by linking the heavy and light chains with a furin cleavage and a 2A self-processing peptide (F2A). The results showed that the BnAbs could be expressed in the 293T cell culture medium. A single intramuscular injection of rAAV8 led to long-term expression of BnAbs in Balb/c mice. The expressed antibodies in the supernatant of 293T cells and in Balb/c mice showed neutralization effects against HIV-1 pseudoviruses. Combined immunization of rAAV8 expressing 10E8 and rAAV8 expressing NIH45-46 in Balb/c mice could increase these neutralization effects on strains of HIV-1 sensitive to 10E8 or NIH45-46 antibody compared with a single injection of rAAV8 expressing either antibody alone. Therefore, the combined immunization may be a potential vaccine approach against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiao Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Lu Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Shanshan Guan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Ziyu Kuai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Yaming Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.
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11
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Abstract
This review provides an overview of recent developments in "chemical virology." Viruses, as materials, provide unique nanoscale scaffolds that have relevance in chemical biology and nanotechnology, with diverse areas of applications. Some fundamental advantages of viruses, compared to synthetically programmed materials, include the highly precise spatial arrangement of their subunits into a diverse array of shapes and sizes and many available avenues for easy and reproducible modification. Here, we will first survey the broad distribution of viruses and various methods for producing virus-based nanoparticles, as well as engineering principles used to impart new functionalities. We will then examine the broad range of applications and implications of virus-based materials, focusing on the medical, biotechnology, and energy sectors. We anticipate that this field will continue to evolve and grow, with exciting new possibilities stemming from advancements in the rational design of virus-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. and Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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12
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Banerjee S, Shi H, Habte HH, Qin Y, Cho MW. Modulating immunogenic properties of HIV-1 gp41 membrane-proximal external region by destabilizing six-helix bundle structure. Virology 2016; 490:17-26. [PMID: 26803471 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The C-terminal alpha-helix of gp41 membrane-proximal external region (MPER; (671)NWFDITNWLWYIK(683)) encompassing 4E10/10E8 epitopes is an attractive target for HIV-1 vaccine development. We previously reported that gp41-HR1-54Q, a trimeric protein comprised of the MPER in the context of a stable six-helix bundle (6HB), induced strong immune responses against the helix, but antibodies were directed primarily against the non-neutralizing face of the helix. To better target 4E10/10E8 epitopes, we generated four putative fusion intermediates by introducing double point mutations or deletions in the heptad repeat region 1 (HR1) that destabilize 6HB in varying degrees. One variant, HR1-∆10-54K, elicited antibodies in rabbits that targeted W672, I675 and L679, which are critical for 4E10/10E8 recognition. Overall, the results demonstrated that altering structural parameters of 6HB can influence immunogenic properties of the MPER and antibody targeting. Further exploration of this strategy could allow development of immunogens that could lead to induction of 4E10/10E8-like antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Banerjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; and Center for Advanced Host Defenses, Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Heliang Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; and Center for Advanced Host Defenses, Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Habtom H Habte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; and Center for Advanced Host Defenses, Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Yali Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; and Center for Advanced Host Defenses, Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Michael W Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; and Center for Advanced Host Defenses, Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
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13
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Ananworanich J, McSteen B, Robb ML. Broadly neutralizing antibody and the HIV reservoir in acute HIV infection: a strategy toward HIV remission? Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2016; 10:198-206. [PMID: 25700203 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Infection of long-lived CD4 T cells is a major obstacle to HIV remission, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) instituted during acute HIV infection restricts HIV reservoir establishment. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) may be employed in conjunction with early ART as strategies toward HIV remission. RECENT FINDINGS Proof-of-concept studies in vitro and in animal models demonstrated bNAbs' ability to block viral entry into cells, suppress viremia and reduce cell-associated viral DNA. Combination bNAbs were more effective than single bNAb in suppressing viremia. When bNAb was used with ART with or without combination latency reversing agents, it prevented viral rebound after ART interruption in at least half of the animals. In one study, macaques with low baseline viral load achieved viral remission even after the blood bNAb titer was no longer detected. SUMMARY The acute HIV infection period represents a unique opportunity to explore the use of bNAbs with ART to limit the reservoir seeding that may enhance the chance of HIV remission. This article discusses the effects of early ART and bNAbs on HIV reservoirs and proposes research strategies in acute HIV infection aiming at HIV reservoir reduction and HIV remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintanat Ananworanich
- aU.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring bHenry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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14
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Yu Y, Fu L, Shi Y, Guan S, Yang L, Gong X, Yin H, He X, Liu D, Kuai Z, Shan Y, Wang S, Kong W. Elicitation of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies by presentation of 4E10 and 10E8 epitopes on Norovirus P particles. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:271-8. [PMID: 26455781 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Eliciting efficient broadly neutralizing antibodies (BnAbs) is a major goal in vaccine development against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Conserved epitopes in the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1 are a significant target. In this study, Norovirus P particles (NoV PPs) were used as carriers to display conformational 4E10 and 10E8 epitopes in different patterns with an appropriate linker. Immune responses to the recombinant NoV PPs were characterized in guinea pigs and Balb/c mice and could induce high levels of MPER-binding antibodies. Modest neutralizing activities could be detected in sera of guinea pigs but not of Balb/c mice. The 4E10 or 10E8 epitopes dispersed on three loops on the outermost surface of NoV PPs (4E10-loop123 PP or 10E8-loop123 PP) elicited higher neutralizing activities than the equivalent number of epitopes presented on loop 2 only (4E10-3loop2 PP or 10E8-3loop2 PP). The epitopes on different loops of the PP were well-exposed and likely formed an appropriate conformation to induce neutralizing antibodies. Although sera of immunized guinea pigs could neutralize several HIV envelope-pseudoviruses, a vaccine candidate for efficiently inducing HIV-1 BnAbs remains to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiao Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lu Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shanshan Guan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lan Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - He Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoqiu He
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dongni Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ziyu Kuai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yaming Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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15
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Habte HH, Banerjee S, Shi H, Qin Y, Cho MW. Immunogenic properties of a trimeric gp41-based immunogen containing an exposed membrane-proximal external region. Virology 2015; 486:187-97. [PMID: 26454663 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1 gp41 is an attractive target for vaccine development. Thus, better understanding of its immunogenic properties in various structural contexts is important. We previously described the crystal structure of a trimeric protein complex named gp41-HR1-54Q, which consists of the heptad repeat regions 1 and 2 and the MPER. The protein was efficiently recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies. Here, we describe its immunogenic properties in rabbits. The protein was highly immunogenic, especially the C-terminal end of the MPER containing 4E10 and 10E8 epitopes ((671)NWFDITNWLWYIK(683)). Although antibodies exhibited strong competition activity against 4E10 and 10E8, neutralizing activity was not detected. Detailed mapping analyses indicated that amino acid residues critical for recognition resided on faces of the alpha helix that are either opposite of or perpendicular to the epitopes recognized by 4E10 and 10E8. These results provide critical information for designing the next generation of MPER-based immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtom H Habte
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Advanced Host Defenses, Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, 1600 S 16th Street, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA
| | - Saikat Banerjee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Advanced Host Defenses, Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, 1600 S 16th Street, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA
| | - Heliang Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Advanced Host Defenses, Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, 1600 S 16th Street, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA
| | - Yali Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Advanced Host Defenses, Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, 1600 S 16th Street, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA
| | - Michael W Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Advanced Host Defenses, Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, 1600 S 16th Street, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA.
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16
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Apellániz B, Nieva JL. The Use of Liposomes to Shape Epitope Structure and Modulate Immunogenic Responses of Peptide Vaccines Against HIV MPER. Peptide and Protein Vaccines 2015; 99:15-54. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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