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Sindi AS, Stinson LF, Gridneva Z, Leghi GE, Netting MJ, Wlodek ME, Muhlhausler BS, Rea A, Trevenen ML, Geddes DT, Payne MS. Maternal dietary intervention during lactation impacts the maternal faecal and human milk microbiota. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae024. [PMID: 38323424 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the effect of a two-week reduced fat and sugar and increased fibre maternal dietary intervention on the maternal faecal and human milk (HM) microbiomes. METHODS AND RESULTS Faecal swabs and HM samples were collected from mothers (n = 11) immediately pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, and 4 and 8 weeks post-intervention, and were analysed using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Maternal macronutrient intake was assessed at baseline and during the intervention. Maternal fat and sugar intake during the intervention were significantly lower than pre-intervention (P = <0.001, 0.005, respectively). Significant changes in the bacterial composition of maternal faeces were detected after the dietary intervention, with decreases in the relative abundance of Bacteroides caccae (P = <0.001) and increases in the relative abundance of Faecalibacillus intestinalis (P = 0.006). In HM, the diet resulted in a significant increase in Cutibacterium acnes (P = 0.001) and a decrease in Haemophilus parainfluenzae (P = <0.001). The effect of the diet continued after the intervention, with faecal swabs and HM samples taken 4 and 8 weeks after the diet showing significant differences compared to baseline. CONCLUSION This pilot study demonstrates that short-term changes in maternal diet during lactation can alter the bacterial composition of the maternal faeces and HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar S Sindi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lisa F Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Zoya Gridneva
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gabriela E Leghi
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Merryn J Netting
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, SA 5000, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics, The University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Beverly S Muhlhausler
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- CSIRO, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Alethea Rea
- Centre for Applied Statistics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Michelle L Trevenen
- Centre for Applied Statistics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Matthew S Payne
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
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Barathan M, Ng SL, Lokanathan Y, Ng MH, Law JX. The Profound Influence of Gut Microbiome and Extracellular Vesicles on Animal Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4024. [PMID: 38612834 PMCID: PMC11012031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The animal gut microbiota, comprising a diverse array of microorganisms, plays a pivotal role in shaping host health and physiology. This review explores the intricate dynamics of the gut microbiome in animals, focusing on its composition, function, and impact on host-microbe interactions. The composition of the intestinal microbiota in animals is influenced by the host ecology, including factors such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and nutrient availability, as well as genetic makeup, diet, habitat, stressors, and husbandry practices. Dysbiosis can lead to various gastrointestinal and immune-related issues in animals, impacting overall health and productivity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes derived from gut microbiota, play a crucial role in intercellular communication, influencing host health by transporting bioactive molecules across barriers like the intestinal and brain barriers. Dysregulation of the gut-brain axis has implications for various disorders in animals, highlighting the potential role of microbiota-derived EVs in disease progression. Therapeutic approaches to modulate gut microbiota, such as probiotics, prebiotics, microbial transplants, and phage therapy, offer promising strategies for enhancing animal health and performance. Studies investigating the effects of phage therapy on gut microbiota composition have shown promising results, with potential implications for improving animal health and food safety in poultry production systems. Understanding the complex interactions between host ecology, gut microbiota, and EVs provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying host-microbe interactions and their impact on animal health and productivity. Further research in this field is essential for developing effective therapeutic interventions and management strategies to promote gut health and overall well-being in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttiah Barathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Sook Luan Ng
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
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Li XW, Qiu F, Liu Y, Yang JZ, Chen LJ, Li JH, Liu JL, Hsu C, Chen L, Zeng JH, Xie XL, Wang Q. Inulin alleviates perinatal 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP) exposure-induced intestinal toxicity by reshaping the gut microbiota and suppressing the enteric-origin LPS/TLR4/NF-κb pathway in dams and pups. Environ Pollut 2024; 346:123659. [PMID: 38417603 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), such as 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP), are ubiquitously used, leading to pervasive environmental contamination and human health risks. While associations between EHDPHP and health issues such as disruption of hormones, neurotoxic effects, and toxicity to reproduction have been recognized, exposure to EHDPHP during perinatal life and its implications for the intestinal health of dams and their pups have largely been unexplored. This study investigated the intestinal toxicity of EHDPHP and the potential for which inulin was effective. Dams were administered either an EHDPHP solution or a corn oil control from gestation day 7 (GD7) to postnatal day 21 (PND21), with inulin provided in their drinking water. Our results indicate that inulin supplementation mitigates damage to the intestinal epithelium caused by EHDPHP, restores mucus-secreting cells, suppresses intestinal hyperpermeability, and abates intestinal inflammation by curtailing lipopolysaccharide leakage through reshaping of the gut microbiota. A reduction in LPS levels concurrently inhibited the inflammation-associated TLR4/NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, inulin administration may ameliorate intestinal toxicity caused by EHDPHP in dams and pups by reshaping the gut microbiota and suppressing the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. These findings underscore the efficacy of inulin as a therapeutic agent for managing health risks linked to EHDPHP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wen Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528244, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jian-Zheng Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Li-Jian Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jia-Hao Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Clare Hsu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Long Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jia-Hao Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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Li Y, Chen Y, Chen Z, Yang Y, Wu Z. Removal of leftover feed shapes environmental microbiota and limits houseflies-mediated dispersion of pathogenic bacteria in sow breeding farms. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:10. [PMID: 38444038 PMCID: PMC10913660 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensive swine breeding industry generates a complex environment where several microbial interactions occur and which constitutes a challenge for biosafety. Ad libitum feeding strategies and low levels of management contribute to residual and wasted feed for lactating sows, which provides a source of nutrients and microbial source for houseflies in warm climates. Due to the absence of the all-in/all-out system, the coexistence of sows of two production stages including gestating and lactating sows in the farrowing barn may have potential negative impacts. In this research, we evaluated the effects of lactating sow leftover on the environmental microbiota of the farrowing barn and the contribution of microbial environments to the gestating sow fecal bacterial structure with a 30-day-long treatment of timely removing lactating residual feed. RESULTS Houseflies in the farrowing barn mediate the transmission of microorganisms from lactating sow leftover to multiple regions. Leuconostoc, Weissella, Lactobacillus and Pediococcus from the leftover which can produce exopolysaccharides, are more capable of environmental transmission than pathogenic microorganisms including Staphylococcus and Streptococcus and utilize houseflies to achieve spread in environmental regions of the farrowing barn. Leftover removal treatment blocked the microbial transmission chain mediated by houseflies, downregulated the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia-Shigella and Streptococcus among houseflies, environmental regions and fecal bacteria of gestating sows in the farrowing barn and effectively attenuate the increment of Weissella and RF39 relative abundance in gestating sow feces due to the presence of lactating sows. CONCLUSIONS Lactating sow leftover is a non-negligible microbial contributor of environment in farrowing barn whose transmission is mediated by houseflies. A 30-day-long treatment of removing lactating sow residual feed cause significant changes in the microbial structure of multiple environmental regions within the farrowing barn via altering the microbiota carried by houseflies. Meanwhile, lactating sow leftover affect the fecal microbial structure of gestating sows in the same farrowing barn, while removal of lactating sow leftover alleviates the contribution of microbial transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yinfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Application in Animals, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Pinggu Beijing, Beijing, 101206, China.
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Caprara GL, von Ameln Lovison O, Martins AF, Bernardi JR, Goldani MZ. Gut microbiota transfer evidence from mother to newborn. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:749-757. [PMID: 37987847 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Early life microbiota is a risk factor for future diseases. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the transfer of gut microbiota from mother to newborn. A biological sample was collected from the anal mucosa of the pregnant women before delivery and from the newborns between 24 and 48 h after delivery, as it was not possible to collect a meconium sample at that time. The microbiome of the samples was analyzed by sequencing the hypervariable regions V3-V4 of the 16S gene. To determine the likelihood of microbiota transfer from mother to newborn and examine the relationship with the mode of delivery, we utilized Fisher's exact test and odds ratio. A weighted transfer ratio was employed as a comprehensive measure of transfer. A total of 5767 ASVs were identified in newborn samples (n = 30) and 7253 in maternal samples (n = 30). In the analysis of transfer correlated with the mode of delivery, we observed significant ASVs (p < 0.05). Vaginal delivery showed a positive probability of transfer (OR = 2.184 and WTR = 1.852). We found a negative correlation (OR < 1) between the abundance of maternal ASVs and the likelihood of microbiota transfer to the newborn in both delivery modes. The relationship was inversely proportional for both cesarean section (log10 = - 0.2229) and vaginal delivery (log10 = - 0.1083), with statistical significance observed only for cesarean section (p = 0.0083). Conclusion: In our sample, the maternal gut microbiome was found to be associated with the infant gut microbiome, indicating evidence of ASV-specific transfer from the maternal microbiome to newborns. What is Known: • There is a relationship of early-life microbiota composition with future health outcomes. What is New: • This was the first study to evaluate maternal gut microbiota transfer to newborns in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Luiza Caprara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Otávio von Ameln Lovison
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Resistência Bacteriana (LABRESIS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Núcleo de Bioinformática (Bioinformatics Core), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andreza Francisco Martins
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Resistência Bacteriana (LABRESIS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Núcleo de Bioinformática (Bioinformatics Core), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Rombaldi Bernardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zubaran Goldani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Catassi G, Aloi M, Giorgio V, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G, Ianiro G. The Role of Diet and Nutritional Interventions for the Infant Gut Microbiome. Nutrients 2024; 16:400. [PMID: 38337684 PMCID: PMC10857663 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The infant gut microbiome plays a key role in the healthy development of the human organism and appears to be influenced by dietary practices through multiple pathways. First, maternal diet during pregnancy and infant nutrition significantly influence the infant gut microbiota. Moreover, breastfeeding fosters the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, while formula feeding increases microbial diversity. The timing of introducing solid foods also influences gut microbiota composition. In preterm infants the gut microbiota development is influenced by multiple factors, including the time since birth and the intake of breast milk, and interventions such as probiotics and prebiotics supplementation show promising results in reducing morbidity and mortality in this population. These findings underscore the need for future research to understand the long-term health impacts of these interventions and for further strategies to enrich the gut microbiome of formula-fed and preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Catassi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Umberto I Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marina Aloi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Umberto I Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, UOC Pediatria, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Cabrera-Rubio R, Pickett-Nairne K, González-Solares S, Collado MC, Venter C. The Maternal Diet Index and Offspring Microbiota at 1 Month of Life: Insights from the Mediterranean Birth Cohort MAMI. Nutrients 2024; 16:314. [PMID: 38276552 PMCID: PMC10821217 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Maternal diet during pregnancy may play a role in infant health outcomes via the maternal microbiota. We assessed the association of the maternal diet index for the Mediterranean area (MDI-med) with infant gut microbiota at 1 month of life. Methods: The MAMI study is a longitudinal birth cohort in the Mediterranean area. In this work, a cross-sectional study, including 120 mother-infant dyads with available maternal diet and infant microbiota at 1-month-old data, was undertaken. The MDI developed in the US (MDI-US) was adapted for the MAMI cohort (MDI-med). Stratification based on extreme values resulted (22 in the "lower" MDI-med group and 23 in the "upper" group from the mean). Relative microbial abundances and alpha (microbial richness and diversity indexes) and beta diversity (Bray-Curtis distance matrix) were compared between the groups. Results: Higher maternal daily vegetable intake and lower red meat intake were the characteristics of the "upper" MDI-med group. Significantly lower microbial diversity (Shannon and InvSimpson index (p = 0.01)), but no changes in richness (Chao1 index) nor in beta-diversity, using Bray-Curtis distance, were observed in the "upper" group, compared to the "lower" MDI-med group. A higher relative abundance of the Bifidobacterium genus (Actinomycetota phylum) was associated with maternal daily vegetable and yogurt intake. Conclusion: Reduced infant microbial diversity at 1 month of age was associated with "upper" MDI-med scores. Higher maternal intakes of vegetables and yogurt were associated with higher relative abundances of the Bifidobacterium genus in the infant gut. Further studies are needed to understand the link between pregnancy diet, infant microbiota, and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Cabrera-Rubio
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain;
| | - Kaci Pickett-Nairne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.P.-N.); (C.V.)
| | - Sonia González-Solares
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain;
| | - Carina Venter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.P.-N.); (C.V.)
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8
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Hu X, Liang H, Li F, Zhang R, Zhu Y, Zhu X, Xu Y. Necrotizing enterocolitis: current understanding of the prevention and management. Pediatr Surg Int 2024; 40:32. [PMID: 38196049 PMCID: PMC10776729 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the diseases in neonates, with a high morbidity and mortality rate, especially in preterm infants. This review aimed to briefly introduce the latest epidemiology, susceptibility factors, and clinical diagnosis and presentation of NEC. We also organized new prevention strategies by risk factors according to different pathogeneses and then discussed new treatment methods based on Bell's staging and complications, and the classification of mild to high severity based on clinical and imaging manifestations. Such a generalization will help clinicians and researchers to gain a deeper understanding of the disease and to conduct more targeted classification, grading prevention, and exploration. We focused on prevention and treatment of the early and suspected stages of NEC, including the discovery of novel biomarkers and drugs to control disease progression. At the same time, we discussed its clinical application, future development, and shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Hu
- Institute of Pediatric, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhong Nan Street, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhong Nan Street, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hansi Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of Pediatric, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhong Nan Street, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanbo Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Institute of Pediatric, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhong Nan Street, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhong Nan Street, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yunyun Xu
- Institute of Pediatric, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, 92 Zhong Nan Street, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Pérez-Castro S, D’Auria G, Llambrich M, Fernández-Barrés S, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Llop S, Regueiro B, Bustamante M, Francino MP, Vrijheid M, Maitre L. Influence of perinatal and childhood exposure to tobacco and mercury in children's gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1258988. [PMID: 38249448 PMCID: PMC10799562 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1258988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Early life determinants of the development of gut microbiome composition in infants have been widely investigated; however, if early life pollutant exposures, such as tobacco or mercury, have a persistent influence on the gut microbial community, its stabilization at later childhood remains largely unknown. Objective In this exposome-wide study, we aimed at identifying the contribution of exposure to tobacco and mercury from the prenatal period to childhood, to individual differences in the fecal microbiome composition of 7-year-old children, considering co-exposure to a width of established lifestyle and clinical determinants. Methods Gut microbiome was studied by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in 151 children at the genus level. Exposure to tobacco was quantified during pregnancy through questionnaire (active tobacco consumption, second-hand smoking -SHS) and biomonitoring (urinary cotinine) at 4 years (urinary cotinine, SHS) and 7 years (SHS). Exposure to mercury was quantified during pregnancy (cord blood) and at 4 years (hair). Forty nine other potential environmental determinants (12 at pregnancy/birth/infancy, 15 at 4 years and 22 at 7 years, such as diet, demographics, quality of living/social environment, and clinical records) were registered. We used multiple models to determine microbiome associations with pollutants including multi-determinant multivariate analysis of variance and linear correlations (wUnifrac, Bray-Curtis and Aitchison ß-diversity distances), single-pollutant permutational multivariate analysis of variance adjusting for co-variates (Aitchison), and multivariable association model with single taxa (MaAsLin2; genus). Sensitivity analysis was performed including genetic data in a subset of 107 children. Results Active smoking in pregnancy was systematically associated with microbiome composition and ß-diversity (R2 2-4%, p < 0.05, Aitchison), independently of other co-determinants. However, in the adjusted single pollutant models (PERMANOVA), we did not find any significant association. An increased relative abundance of Dorea and decreased relative abundance of Akkermansia were associated with smoking during pregnancy (q < 0.05). Discussion Our findings suggest a long-term sustainable effect of prenatal tobacco exposure on the children's gut microbiota. This effect was not found for mercury exposure or tobacco exposure during childhood. Assessing the role of these exposures on the children's microbiota, considering multiple environmental factors, should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Pérez-Castro
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), Vigo, Spain
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Giuseppe D’Auria
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service, Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitària i Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Llambrich
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Fernández-Barrés
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Benito Regueiro
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Àrea de Genòmica i Salut, Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitària i Biomèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO)-Salut Pública, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Pilar Francino
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Àrea de Genòmica i Salut, Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitària i Biomèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO)-Salut Pública, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Léa Maitre
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Vänni P, Tejesvi MV, Paalanne N, Aagaard K, Ackermann G, Camargo CA, Eggesbø M, Hasegawa K, Hoen AG, Karagas MR, Kolho KL, Laursen MF, Ludvigsson J, Madan J, Ownby D, Stanton C, Stokholm J, Tapiainen T. Machine-learning analysis of cross-study samples according to the gut microbiome in 12 infant cohorts. mSystems 2023; 8:e0036423. [PMID: 37874156 PMCID: PMC10734493 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00364-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE There are challenges in merging microbiome data from diverse research groups due to the intricate and multifaceted nature of such data. To address this, we utilized a combination of machine-learning (ML) models to analyze 16S sequencing data from a substantial set of gut microbiome samples, sourced from 12 distinct infant cohorts that were gathered prospectively. Our initial focus was on the mode of delivery due to its prior association with changes in infant gut microbiomes. Through ML analysis, we demonstrated the effective merging and comparison of various gut microbiome data sets, facilitating the identification of robust microbiome biomarkers applicable across varied study populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Vänni
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mysore V. Tejesvi
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Ecology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niko Paalanne
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kjersti Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gail Ackermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Carlos A. Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Merete Eggesbø
- Department of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kohei Hasegawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne G. Hoen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin F. Laursen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Crown Princess Victoria Children’s Hospital and Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Juliette Madan
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Dennis Ownby
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre & APC Microbiome Ireland, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terhi Tapiainen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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11
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Villavicencio-Tejo F, Olesen MA, Navarro L, Calisto N, Iribarren C, García K, Corsini G, Quintanilla RA. Gut-Brain Axis Deregulation and Its Possible Contribution to Neurodegenerative Disorders. Neurotox Res 2023; 42:4. [PMID: 38103074 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is an essential communication pathway between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gastrointestinal tract. The human microbiota is composed of a diverse and abundant microbial community that compasses more than 100 trillion microorganisms that participate in relevant physiological functions such as host nutrient metabolism, structural integrity, maintenance of the gut mucosal barrier, and immunomodulation. Recent evidence in animal models has been instrumental in demonstrating the possible role of the microbiota in neurodevelopment, neuroinflammation, and behavior. Furthermore, clinical studies suggested that adverse changes in the microbiota can be considered a susceptibility factor for neurological disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this review, we will discuss evidence describing the role of gut microbes in health and disease as a relevant risk factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including AD, PD, HD, and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Villavicencio-Tejo
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, 5to Piso, San Miguel 8910060, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margrethe A Olesen
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, 5to Piso, San Miguel 8910060, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laura Navarro
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Compuestos Bioactivos, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nancy Calisto
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Compuestos Bioactivos, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Iribarren
- Laboratorio de Patógenos Gastrointestinales, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine García
- Laboratorio de Patógenos Gastrointestinales, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gino Corsini
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Compuestos Bioactivos, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Quintanilla
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, 5to Piso, San Miguel 8910060, Santiago, Chile.
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12
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He P, Shen X, Guo S. Intestinal flora and linear growth in children. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1252035. [PMID: 38034825 PMCID: PMC10687454 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1252035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a critical role in human growth and development as well as the regulation of human pathophysiological processes. According to research, the gut microbiota controls the host's growth and development in areas such as nutrition, metabolism, endocrine hormones, and immune modulation. The human gut microbiota has an important role in child and adolescent growth, especially when nutritional conditions are poor. In this review, we focus on recent findings about the gut microbiota's influence on child growth, including the relationship between the gut microbiota and linear growth during pregnancy, infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Furthermore, we also review some mechanisms by which intestinal flora influence the host's linear growth. Although the data supports a link between intestinal flora and linear development in children, our review has limitations that prohibit us from fully verifying the causal relationship between gut flora and linear development in children. Improving the gut microbiota, in conjunction with renutrition techniques, has the potential to ameliorate the growth and development impairments currently associated with chronic illness and malnutrition in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sheng Guo
- Department of Endocrine, Genetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Heston SM, Lim CSE, Ong C, Chua MC, Kelly MS, Yeo KT. Strain-resolved metagenomic analysis of the gut as a reservoir for bloodstream infection pathogens among premature infants in Singapore. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:55. [PMID: 37974294 PMCID: PMC10652614 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut dysbiosis contributes to the high risk of bloodstream infection (BSI) among premature infants. Most prior studies of the premature infant gut microbiota were conducted in Western countries and prior to development of current tools for strain-resolved analysis. METHODS We performed metagenomic sequencing of weekly fecal samples from 75 premature infants at a single hospital in Singapore. We evaluated associations between clinical factors and gut microbiota composition using PERMANOVA and mixed effects linear regression. We used inStrain to perform strain-level analyses evaluating for gut colonization by BSI-causing strains. RESULTS Median (interquartile range) gestation was 27 (25, 29) weeks, and 63% of infants were born via Cesarean section. Antibiotic exposures (PERMANOVA; R2 = 0.017, p = 0.001) and postnatal age (R2 = 0.015, p = 0.001) accounted for the largest amount of variability in gut microbiota composition. Increasing postnatal age was associated with higher relative abundances of several common pathogens (Enterococcus faecalis: p < 0.0001; Escherichia coli: p < 0.0001; Klebsiella aerogenes: p < 0.0001; Klebsiella pneumoniae: p < 0.0001). Antibiotic exposures were generally associated with lower relative abundances of both frequently beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium species) and common enteric pathogens (e.g., Enterobacter, Klebsiella species). We identified strains identical to the blood culture isolate in fecal samples from 12 of 16 (75%) infants who developed BSI, including all infections caused by typical enteric bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic exposures were the dominant modifiable factor affecting gut microbiota composition in a large cohort of premature infants from South-East Asia. Strain-resolved analyses indicate that the gut is an important reservoir for organisms causing BSI among premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Heston
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Charis Shu En Lim
- Department of Neonatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chengsi Ong
- Department of Neonatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei Chien Chua
- Department of Neonatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew S Kelly
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kee Thai Yeo
- Department of Neonatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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14
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Gao S, Wang J. Maternal and infant microbiome: next-generation indicators and targets for intergenerational health and nutrition care. Protein Cell 2023; 14:807-823. [PMID: 37184065 PMCID: PMC10636639 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes are commonly sensitive to shifts in the physiological and pathological state of their hosts, including mothers and babies. From this perspective, the microbiome may be a good indicator for diseases during pregnancy and has the potential to be used for perinatal health monitoring. This is embodied in the application of microbiome from multi body sites for auxiliary diagnosis, early prediction, prolonged monitoring, and retrospective diagnosis of pregnancy and infant complications, as well as nutrition management and health products developments of mothers and babies. Here we summarized the progress in these areas and explained that the microbiome of different body sites is sensitive to different diseases and their microbial biomarkers may overlap between each other, thus we need to make a diagnosis prudently for those diseases. Based on the microbiome variances and additional anthropometric and physical data, individualized responses of mothers and neonates to meals and probiotics/prebiotics were predictable, which is of importance for precise nutrition and probiotics/prebiotics managements and developments. Although a great deal of encouraging performance was manifested in previous studies, the efficacy could be further improved by combining multi-aspect data such as multi-omics and time series analysis in the future. This review reconceptualizes maternal and infant health from a microbiome perspective, and the knowledge in it may inspire the development of new options for the prevention and treatment of adverse pregnancy outcomes and bring a leap forward in perinatal health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Gao
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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15
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Hu M, Zhao X, Liu Y, Zhou H, You Y, Xue Z. Complex interplay of gut microbiota between obesity and asthma in children. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1264356. [PMID: 38029078 PMCID: PMC10655108 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important risk factor and common comorbidity of childhood asthma. Simultaneously, obesity-related asthma, a distinct asthma phenotype, has attracted significant attention owing to its association with more severe clinical manifestations, poorer disease control, and reduced quality of life. The establishment of the gut microbiota during early life is essential for maintaining metabolic balance and fostering the development of the immune system in children. Microbial dysbiosis influences host lipid metabolism, triggers chronic low-grade inflammation, and affects immune responses. It is intimately linked to the susceptibility to childhood obesity and asthma and plays a potentially crucial transitional role in the progression of obesity-related asthma. This review article summarizes the latest research on the interplay between asthma and obesity, with a particular focus on the mediating role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity-related asthma. This study aims to provide valuable insight to enhance our understanding of this condition and offer preliminary evidence to support the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yannan You
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Xue
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Suárez-Martínez C, Santaella-Pascual M, Yagüe-Guirao G, Martínez-Graciá C. Infant gut microbiota colonization: influence of prenatal and postnatal factors, focusing on diet. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236254. [PMID: 37675422 PMCID: PMC10478010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal microbiota forms the first infant gut microbial inoculum, and perinatal factors (diet and use of antibiotics during pregnancy) and/or neonatal factors, like intra partum antibiotics, gestational age and mode of delivery, may influence microbial colonization. After birth, when the principal colonization occurs, the microbial diversity increases and converges toward a stable adult-like microbiota by the end of the first 3-5 years of life. However, during the early life, gut microbiota can be disrupted by other postnatal factors like mode of infant feeding, antibiotic usage, and various environmental factors generating a state of dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis have been reported to increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and some chronic diseases later in life, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, allergies, and asthma. Therefore, understanding the impact of a correct maternal-to-infant microbial transfer and a good infant early colonization and maturation throughout life would reduce the risk of disease in early and late life. This paper reviews the published evidence on early-life gut microbiota development, as well as the different factors influencing its evolution before, at, and after birth, focusing on diet and nutrition during pregnancy and in the first months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Suárez-Martínez
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina Santaella-Pascual
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Genoveva Yagüe-Guirao
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Microbiology Service, Virgen de La Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez-Graciá
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
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17
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Hunter S, Flaten E, Petersen C, Gervain J, Werker JF, Trainor LJ, Finlay BB. Babies, bugs and brains: How the early microbiome associates with infant brain and behavior development. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288689. [PMID: 37556397 PMCID: PMC10411758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence is demonstrating the connection between the microbiota gut-brain axis and neurodevelopment. Microbiota colonization occurs before the maturation of many neural systems and is linked to brain health. Because of this it has been hypothesized that the early microbiome interactions along the gut-brain axis evolved to promote advanced cognitive functions and behaviors. Here, we performed a pilot study with a multidisciplinary approach to test if the microbiota composition of infants is associated with measures of early cognitive development, in particular neural rhythm tracking; language (forward speech) versus non-language (backwards speech) discrimination; and social joint attention. Fecal samples were collected from 56 infants between four and six months of age and sequenced by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Of these, 44 performed the behavioral Point and Gaze test to measure joint attention. Infants were tested on either language discrimination using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS; 25 infants had usable data) or neural rhythm tracking using electroencephalogram (EEG; 15 had usable data). Infants who succeeded at the Point and Gaze test tended to have increased Actinobacteria and reduced Firmicutes at the phylum level; and an increase in Bifidobacterium and Eggerthella along with a reduction in Hungatella and Streptococcus at the genus level. Measurements of neural rhythm tracking associated negatively to the abundance of Bifidobacterium and positively to the abundance of Clostridium and Enterococcus for the bacterial abundances, and associated positively to metabolic pathways that can influence neurodevelopment, including branched chain amino acid biosynthesis and pentose phosphate pathways. No associations were found for the fNIRS language discrimination measurements. Although the tests were underpowered due to the small pilot sample sizes, potential associations were identified between the microbiome and measurements of early cognitive development that are worth exploring further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hunter
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erica Flaten
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charisse Petersen
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Judit Gervain
- University of Padua, Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Padua, Italy
- University of Padua, Padova Neuroscience Center, Padua, Italy
- Université Paris Cité & CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, Paris, France
| | - Janet F. Werker
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laurel J. Trainor
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Institute for Music and the Mind, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brett B. Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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18
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Mallott EK, Sitarik AR, Leve LD, Cioffi C, Camargo CA, Hasegawa K, Bordenstein SR. Human microbiome variation associated with race and ethnicity emerges as early as 3 months of age. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002230. [PMID: 37590208 PMCID: PMC10434942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human microbiome variation is linked to the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of many diseases and associates with race and ethnicity in the United States. However, the age at which microbiome variability emerges between these groups remains a central gap in knowledge. Here, we identify that gut microbiome variation associated with race and ethnicity arises after 3 months of age and persists through childhood. One-third of the bacterial taxa that vary across caregiver-identified racial categories in children are taxa reported to also vary between adults. Machine learning modeling of childhood microbiomes from 8 cohort studies (2,756 samples from 729 children) distinguishes racial and ethnic categories with 87% accuracy. Importantly, predictive genera are also among the top 30 most important taxa when childhood microbiomes are used to predict adult self-identified race and ethnicity. Our results highlight a critical developmental window at or shortly after 3 months of age when social and environmental factors drive race and ethnicity-associated microbiome variation and may contribute to adult health and health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. Mallott
- Vanderbilt Microbiome Innovation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Alexandra R. Sitarik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Leslie D. Leve
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Camille Cioffi
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Carlos A. Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kohei Hasegawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Seth R. Bordenstein
- Vanderbilt Microbiome Innovation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Departments of Biology and Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The One Health Microbiome Center, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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19
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Levkova M, Chervenkov T, Pancheva R. Genus-Level Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Mini Review. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:1103. [PMID: 37508600 PMCID: PMC10377934 DOI: 10.3390/children10071103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Autism is a global health problem, probably due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. There is emerging data that the gut microbiome of autistic children differs from the one of typically developing children and it is important to know which bacterial genera may be related to autism. We searched different databases using specific keywords and inclusion criteria and identified the top ten bacterial genera from the selected articles that were significantly different between the studied patients and control subjects studied. A total of 34 studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified. The genera Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Coprococcus, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Streptococcus, and Blautia exhibited the most substantial data indicating that their fluctuations in the gastrointestinal tract could be linked to the etiology of autism. It is probable that autism symptoms are influenced by both increased levels of harmful bacteria and decreased levels of beneficial bacteria. Interestingly, these genera demonstrated varying patterns of increased or decreased levels across different articles. To validate and eliminate the sources of this fluctuation, further research is needed. Consequently, future investigations on the causes of autism should prioritize the examination of the bacterial genera discussed in this publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Levkova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University Varna, Marin Drinov Str 55, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, St. Marina Hospital, Hristo Smirnenski Blv 1, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Trifon Chervenkov
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, St. Marina Hospital, Hristo Smirnenski Blv 1, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, St. Marina Hospital, Hristo Smirnenski Blv 1, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Rouzha Pancheva
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University Varna, Marin Drinov Str 55, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
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20
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Strobel KM, Juul SE, Hendrixson DT. Maternal Nutritional Status and the Microbiome across the Pregnancy and the Post-Partum Period. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1569. [PMID: 37375071 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate nutrition during pregnancy and the post-partum period is vital for both the mothers and their offspring. Both under- and over-nourished status may have important microbial implications on the maternal and infant gut microbiomes. Alterations in the microbiome can have implications for a person's risk of obesity and metabolic diseases. In this review, we examine alterations in the maternal gut, vaginal, placental, and milk microbiomes in the context of pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, body composition, gestational diabetes, and maternal diet. We also investigate how the infant gut microbiome may be altered by these different parameters. Many of the microbial changes seen in under- and over-nourished states in birthing parents may result in long-term implications for the health of offspring. Differences in diet appear to be a major driver of the maternal and subsequently milk and offspring microbiomes. Further prospective longitudinal cohort studies are needed to examine nutrition and the microbiome to better understand its implications. Additionally, trials involving dietary interventions in child-bearing age adults should be explored to improve the mother and child's risks for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Strobel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sandra E Juul
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David Taylor Hendrixson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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21
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Agarwal M, Hoffman J, Ngo Tenlep SY, Santarossa S, Pearson KJ, Sitarik AR, Cassidy-Bushrow AE, Petriello MC. Maternal Polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (PCB 126) exposure modulates offspring gut microbiota irrespective of diet and exercise. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 118:108384. [PMID: 37061048 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role throughout the lifespan in maintaining host health, and several factors can modulate microbiota composition including diet, exercise, and environmental exposures. Maternal microbiota is transferred to offspring during early life; thus, environmental exposures before gestation may also modulate offspring microbiota. Here we aimed to investigate the effects of maternal exposure to dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the microbiota of aged offspring and to determine if lifestyle factors, including maternal exercise or offspring high-fat feeding alter these associations. To test this, dams were exposed to PCB 126 (0.5 μmole/kg body weight) or vehicle oil by oral gavage during preconception, gestation, and during lactation. Half of each group was allowed access to running wheels for ≥7 days before and during pregnancy and up through day 14 of lactation. Female offspring born from the 4 maternal groups (PCB exposure or not, with/without exercise) were subsequently placed either on regular diet or switched to a high-fat diet during adulthood. Microbiota composition was quantified in female offspring at 49 weeks of age by 16S rRNA sequencing. Maternal exposure to PCB 126 resulted in significantly reduced richness and diversity in offspring microbiota regardless of diet or exercise. Overall compositional differences were largely driven by offspring diet, but alterations in specific taxa due to maternal PCB 126 exposure, included the depletion of Verrucomicrobiaceae and Akkermansia muciniphila, and an increase in Anaeroplasma. Perturbation of microbiota due to PCB 126 may predispose offspring to a variety of chronic diseases later in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202
| | - Jessie Hoffman
- Department of Human Nutrition, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC, 29733
| | - Sara Y Ngo Tenlep
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky
| | - Sarah Santarossa
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Kevin J Pearson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky
| | | | | | - Michael C Petriello
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202.
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22
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Abstract
The microbiome has been proven to be associated with many diseases and has been used as a biomarker and target in disease prevention and intervention. Currently, the vital role of the microbiome in pregnant women and newborns is increasingly emphasised. In this review, we discuss the interplay of the microbiome and the corresponding immune mechanism between mothers and their offspring during the perinatal period. We aim to present a comprehensive picture of microbial transmission and potential immune imprinting before and after delivery. In addition, we discuss the possibility of in utero microbial colonisation during pregnancy, which has been highly debated in recent studies, and highlight the importance of the microbiome in infant development during the first 3 years of life. This holistic view of the role of the microbial interplay between mothers and infants will refine our current understanding of pregnancy complications as well as diseases in early life and will greatly facilitate the microbiome-based prenatal diagnosis and treatment of mother-infant-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Xiao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of System Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Shaikh SD, Sun N, Canakis A, Park WY, Weber HC. Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Gut Microbiome: A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072558. [PMID: 37048642 PMCID: PMC10095554 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. It has a prevalence of 10 to 25% in the United States and has a high disease burden, as evidenced by reduced quality of life, decreased work productivity and increased healthcare utilization and costs. IBS has been associated with several intra-intestinal and extra-intestinal conditions, including psychiatric comorbidities. Although the pathophysiology of IBS has not been fully elucidated, it involves dysregulation of communication between the brain and gut (brain–gut axis) which is associated with alterations in intestinal motility, gut permeability, visceral hypersensitivity and gut microbiota composition. The purpose of this article is to review the role the gut microbiota plays in the pathophysiology of IBS, understand factors that affect the gut microbiome and explore the microbiome as a target of treatment.
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24
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Rodrigues EL, Figueiredo PS, Marcelino G, de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães R, Pott A, Santana LF, Hiane PA, do Nascimento VA, Bogo D, de Cássia Freitas K. Maternal Intake of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Autism Spectrum Etiology and Its Relation to the Gut Microbiota: What Do We Know? Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071551. [PMID: 37049390 PMCID: PMC10097097 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal food habits and gut microbiota composition have potential effects on fetal neurodevelopment, impacting Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Our research aims to outline the relationship that ingestion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and the composition of maternal gut microbiota have with the possible development of ASD in offspring. We suggest that genetic factors could be related to the different conversions between unsaturated fatty acids according to sex and, mainly, the impact of the pregnancy diet on the higher or lower risk of neurological impairments. The proportion of the phyla Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes is high with an increased consumption of linoleic acid (LA, n-6 PUFA), which is associated with maternal intestinal dysbiosis and consequently starts the inflammatory process, harming myelinization. In contrast, the consumption of α-linolenic acid (ALA, n-3 PUFA) tends to re-establish the balance of the maternal microbiota with anti-inflammatory action. Moreover, human observational studies showed a strong correlation between the consumption of n-3 PUFA, mainly above 340 g of fish per week, with beneficial effects on infant neurodevelopment. Therefore, we suggest that the proper intake of foods rich in n-3 PUFAs and their supplementation during pregnancy until lactation has an impact on reducing the development of ASD. Controlled studies with n-3 PUFA supplementation are still necessary to verify the ideal dose and the best form of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisana Lima Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Priscila Silva Figueiredo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Marcelino
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Arnildo Pott
- Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Lidiani Figueiredo Santana
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Danielle Bogo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil
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25
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Taylor R, Keane D, Borrego P, Arcaro K. Effect of Maternal Diet on Maternal Milk and Breastfed Infant Gut Microbiomes: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061420. [PMID: 36986148 PMCID: PMC10051234 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
While it is widely recognized that nutrition during pregnancy and lactation can affect the microbiome of breast milk as well as the formation of the infant gut microbiome, we are only just beginning to understand the extent to which maternal diet impacts these microbiomes. Given the importance of the microbiome for infant health, we conducted a comprehensive review of the published literature to explore the current scope of knowledge regarding associations between maternal diet and the breast milk and infant gut microbiomes. Papers included in this review assessed either diet during lactation or pregnancy, and the milk and/or infant gut microbiome. Sources included cohort studies, randomized clinical trials, one case-control study, and one crossover study. From an initial review of 808 abstracts, we identified 19 reports for a full analysis. Only two studies assessed the effects of maternal diet on both milk and infant microbiomes. Although the reviewed literature supports the importance of a varied, nutrient-dense maternal diet in the formation of the infant’s gut microbiome, several studies found factors other than maternal diet to have a greater impact on the infant microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Taylor
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Deirdre Keane
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Paulina Borrego
- Science & Engineering Library, University of Massachusetts, Lederle Grad Research Ctr Low-Rise, 740 N Pleasant St Rm A273, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Kathleen Arcaro
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-413-577-1823
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26
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Turunen J, Tejesvi MV, Suokas M, Virtanen N, Paalanne N, Kaisanlahti A, Reunanen J, Tapiainen T. Bacterial extracellular vesicles in the microbiome of first-pass meconium in newborn infants. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:887-896. [PMID: 35945268 PMCID: PMC10033452 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are more likely to cross biological barriers than whole-cell bacteria. We previously observed EV-sized particles by electron microscopy in the first-pass meconium of newborn infants. We hypothesized that EVs may be of bacterial origin and represent a novel entity in the human microbiome during fetal and perinatal periods. METHODS We extracted EVs from first-pass meconium samples of 17 newborn infants and performed bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the vesicles. We compared the EV content from the meconium samples of infants based on the delivery mode, and in vaginal delivery samples, based on the usage of intrapartum antibiotics. RESULTS We found bacterial EVs in all first-pass meconium samples. All EV samples had bacterial RNA. Most of the phyla present in the samples were Firmicutes (62%), Actinobacteriota (18%), Proteobacteria (10%), and Bacteroidota (7.3%). The most abundant genera were Streptococcus (21%) and Staphylococcus (17%). The differences between the delivery mode and exposure to antibiotics were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial EVs were present in the first-pass meconium of newborn infants. Bacterial EVs may represent an important novel feature of the gut microbiome during fetal and perinatal periods. IMPACT We show that bacterial extracellular vesicles are present in the microbiome of first-pass meconium in newborn infants. This is a novel finding. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the presence of bacterial extracellular vesicles in the gut microbiome during fetal and perinatal periods. This finding is important because bacterial extracellular vesicles are more likely to cross biological barriers than whole-cell bacteria. Thus, the early gut microbiome may potentially interact with the host through bacterial EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Turunen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Mysore V Tejesvi
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Ecology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marko Suokas
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Nikke Virtanen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niko Paalanne
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Kaisanlahti
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Justus Reunanen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terhi Tapiainen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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27
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Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a complex disease with a multifactorial etiology. As the leading cause of intestinal morbidity and mortality among premature infants, many resources are being dedicated to neonatal care and molecular targets in the newborn intestine. However, NEC is heavily influenced by maternal and perinatal factors as well. Given its nature, preventive approaches to NEC are more likely to improve outcomes than new treatment strategies. Therefore, this review focuses on maternal, environmental, and racial factors associated with the development of NEC, with an emphasis on those that may be modifiable to decrease the incidence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara T Nicolas
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stewart R Carter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Colin A Martin
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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28
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Laue HE, Moroishi Y, Palys TJ, Christensen BC, Criswell RL, Peterson LA, Huset CA, Baker ER, Karagas MR, Madan JC, Romano ME. Early-life exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and infant gut microbial composition. Environ Epidemiol 2023; 7:e238. [PMID: 36777525 PMCID: PMC9916123 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is rich in essential nutrients and immune-activating compounds but is also a source of toxicants including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Evidence suggests that immune-related effects of PFAS may, in part, be due to alterations of the microbiome. We aimed to identify the association between milk PFAS exposure and the infant gut microbiome. Methods PFAS [perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)] were quantified in milk from ~6 weeks postpartum using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A molar sum (ΣPFAS) was calculated. Caregivers collected infant stool samples at 6 weeks (n = 116) and/or 1 year postpartum (n = 119). Stool DNA underwent metagenomic sequencing. We estimated the association of PFAS with diversity and relative abundances of species with linear regression. Single- and multi-PFAS models adjusted for potential confounders in complete case analyses and with imputed missing covariate data for 6-week and 1-year microbiomes separately. We assessed sensitive populations with stratification. Results PFOS and PFOA were detected in 94% and 83% of milk samples, respectively. PFOS was associated with increased diversity at 6 weeks among infants fed exclusively human milk [β = 0.24 per PFOS doubling, (95% CI = 0.03, 0.45), P = 0.03] and born to primiparous mothers [β = 0.37 (0.06, 0.67), P = 0.02]. Estimates were strongest in multi-PFAS models and among complete cases. ΣPFAS was associated with Bacteroides vulgatus relative abundance at 1 year [(β = -2.34% per doubling (-3.63, -1.05), FDR q = 0.099]. Conclusions PFAS may increase infant gut microbiome diversity and alter the relative abundance of biologically relevant bacteria. Additional analyses may identify related health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Laue
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Yuka Moroishi
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Thomas J. Palys
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Brock C. Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | | | - Lisa A. Peterson
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Emily R. Baker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Juliette C. Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Megan E. Romano
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
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29
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Moroishi Y, Gui J, Nadeau KC, Morrison HG, Madan J, Karagas MR. A prospective study of the infant gut microbiome in relation to vaccine response. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:725-31. [PMID: 35717483 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment of the gut microbiome plays a key symbiotic role in the developing immune system; however, its influence on vaccine response is yet uncertain. We prospectively investigated the composition and diversity of the early-life gut microbiome in relation to infant antibody response to two routinely administered vaccines. METHODS Eighty-three infants enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study were included in the analysis. We collected blood samples at 12 months of age and assayed the isolated serum to quantify total IgG and measured antibody to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide and tetanus toxoid. Stool samples were collected from infants at 6 weeks of age and sequenced using 16S rRNA, and a subset of 61 samples were sequenced using shotgun metagenomics sequencing. RESULTS We observed differences in beta diversity for 16S 6-week stool microbiota and pneumococcal and tetanus IgG antibody responses. Metagenomics analyses identified species and metabolic pathways in 6-week stool associated with tetanus antibody response, in particular, negative associations with the relative abundance of Aeriscardovia aeriphila species and positive associations with the relative abundance of species associated with CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis pathways. CONCLUSIONS The early gut microbiome composition may influence an infant's vaccine response. IMPACT Early intestinal microbiome acquisition plays a critical role in immune maturation and in both adaptive and innate immune response in infancy. We identified associations between early life microbiome composition and response to two routinely administered vaccines-pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide and tetanus toxoid-measured at approximately 1 year of age. Our findings highlight the potential impact of the gut microbiome on infant immune response that may open up opportunities for future interventions.
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30
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Turunen J, Paalanne N, Reunanen J, Tapiainen T, Tejesvi MV. Development of gut mycobiome in infants and young children: a prospective cohort study. Pediatr Res 2023:10.1038/s41390-023-02471-y. [PMID: 36670159 PMCID: PMC10382308 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The composition of the gut fungal microbiome, mycobiome, is likely associated with human health. Yet, the development of gut mycobiome is poorly understood in infants and children. Here we investigate how perinatal events influence the development of gut mycobiome. METHODS In this prospective cohort study of 140 infants, we used ITS gene sequencing of fecal samples from birth to the age of 18 months. We compared gut mycobiome composition according to delivery mode and exposure to intrapartum antibiotics during vaginal delivery. RESULTS At birth, gut mycobiome were dominated by the genus Candida, at 6-month stool samples by Malassezia and Cystofilobasidium, and the 18-month stool samples by Trichosporon and unidentified fungi. Perinatal factors altered mycobiome. At 18 months, gut mycobiome of infants born vaginally consisted mostly of Trichosporon (32%) and unidentified fungi (31%), while those born via Cesarean section delivery samples had mycobiome dominated by Saccharomyces (50%). At the age of 18 months, those exposed to intrapartum antibiotics had mycobiome dominated by Trichosporon (66%) not seen in those unexposed to antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS Delivery mode and exposure to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis were markedly associated with gut mycobiome composition from birth to 18 months of age. IMPACT The composition of the gut mycobiome is likely associated with human health. Yet, the development of gut mycobiome is poorly understood in infants and children. In this prospective cohort study, delivery mode and exposure to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis were markedly associated with gut mycobiome composition from birth to 18 months of age. The impact of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis on fungal microbiome in vaginally born infants, previously shown to influence gut bacteriome composition, may be explained by the interaction between bacteria and fungi. Gut mycobiome composition likely deserves further investigation in relation to gut microbiome and health in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Turunen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Niko Paalanne
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Justus Reunanen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terhi Tapiainen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mysore V Tejesvi
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Ecology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Abstract
The gut microbiota is currently considered an external organ of the human body that provides important mechanisms of metabolic regulation and protection. The gut microbiota encodes over 3 million genes, which is approximately 150 times more than the total number of genes present in the human genome. Changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiome lead to disruption in the synthesis of key bacterial metabolites, changes in intestinal barrier function, and inflammation and can cause the development of a wide variety of diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular issues, neurological disorders and oncological concerns. In this review, I consider issues related to the role of the microbiome in the regulation of intestinal barrier function, its influence on physiological and pathological processes occurring in the body, and potential new therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring the gut microbiome. Herewith, it is important to understand that the gut microbiota and human body should be considered as a single biological system, where change of one element will inevitably affect its other components. Thus, the study of the impact of the intestinal microbiota on health should be considered only taking into account numerous factors, the role of which has not yet been fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Senchukova
- Department of Oncology, Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg 460000, Russia
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Lundgren SN, Madan JC, Karagas MR, Morrison HG, Christensen BC, Hoen AG. Human milk-associated bacterial communities associate with the infant gut microbiome over the first year of life. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1164553. [PMID: 37138613 PMCID: PMC10149717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1164553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microbial communities inhabiting the human infant gut are important for immune system development and lifelong health. One critical exposure affecting the bacterial colonization of the infant gut is consumption of human milk, which contains diverse microbial communities and prebiotics. We hypothesized that human milk-associated microbial profiles are associated with those of the infant gut. Methods Maternal-infant dyads enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (n = 189 dyads) contributed breast milk and infant stool samples collected approximately at 6 weeks, 4 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months postpartum (n = 572 samples). Microbial DNA was extracted from milk and stool and the V4-V5 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. Results Clustering analysis identified three breast milk microbiome types (BMTs), characterized by differences in Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and microbial diversity. Four 6-week infant gut microbiome types (6wIGMTs) were identified, differing in abundances of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Streptococcus, and Escherichia/Shigella, while two 12-month IGMTs (12mIGMTs) differed primarily by Bacteroides presence. At 6 weeks, BMT was associated with 6wIGMT (Fisher's exact test value of p = 0.039); this association was strongest among infants delivered by Cesarean section (Fisher's exact test value of p = 0.0028). The strongest correlations between overall breast milk and infant stool microbial community structures were observed when comparing breast milk samples to infant stool samples collected at a subsequent time point, e.g., the 6-week breast milk microbiome associated with the 6-month infant gut microbiome (Mantel test Z-statistic = 0.53, value of p = 0.001). Streptoccous and Veillonella species abundance were correlated in 6-week milk and infant stool, and 4- and 6-month milk Pantoea species were associated with infant stool Lachnospiraceae genera at 9 and 12 months. Discussion We identified clusters of human milk and infant stool microbial communities that were associated in maternal-infant dyads at 6 weeks of life and found that milk microbial communities were more strongly associated with infant gut microbial communities in infants delivered operatively and after a lag period. These results suggest that milk microbial communities have a long-term effect on the infant gut microbiome both through sharing of microbes and other molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N. Lundgren
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Juliette C. Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Hilary G. Morrison
- Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Brock C. Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
- *Correspondence: Brock C. Christensen,
| | - Anne G. Hoen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
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Moroishi Y, Salas LA, Zhou J, Baker ER, Hoen AG, Everson TM, Marsit CJ, Madan J, Gui J, Karagas MR. Umbilical cord blood immune cell profiles in relation to the infant gut microbiome. iScience 2022; 26:105833. [PMID: 36632065 PMCID: PMC9826880 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During infancy, the interplay between the developing immune system and the microbiome is critical. We examined whether blood immune cell composition at birth in the umbilical cord (inferred by DNA methylation profiling) related to the early infant gut microbiome (assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing) among 73 infants in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. We used generalized estimating equations and controlled for false discovery rate to select microbial taxa associated with immune cells. We found associations between the infant gut microbiome and immune cells, including a positive association between B cells and Enterobacter, a negative association between natural killer cells and Bifidobacterium, and a positive association between granulocytes and Bifidobacterium. Our findings give clues that immune profiles at the time of birth as measured in umbilical cord blood are associated with the development of the gut microbiome in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Moroishi
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA,Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA
| | - Lucas A. Salas
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA,Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA
| | - Emily R. Baker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Anne G. Hoen
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA,Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA
| | - Todd M. Everson
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Juliette Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Jiang Gui
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA,Corresponding author
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Ma J, Palmer DJ, Geddes D, Lai CT, Stinson L. Human Milk Microbiome and Microbiome-Related Products: Potential Modulators of Infant Growth. Nutrients 2022; 14. [PMID: 36501178 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant growth trajectory may influence later-life obesity. Human milk provides a wide range of nutritional and bioactive components that are vital for infant growth. Compared to formula-fed infants, breastfed infants are less likely to develop later-onset obesity, highlighting the potential role of bioactive components present in human milk. Components of particular interest are the human milk microbiota, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and antimicrobial proteins, each of which influence the infant gut microbiome, which in turn has been associated with infant body composition. SCFAs and antimicrobial proteins from human milk may also systemically influence infant metabolism. Although inconsistent, multiple studies have reported associations between HMOs and infant growth, while studies on other bioactive components in relation to infant growth are sparse. Moreover, these microbiome-related components may interact with each other within the mammary gland. Here, we review the evidence around the impact of human milk microbes, HMOs, SCFAs, and antimicrobial proteins on infant growth. Breastfeeding is a unique window of opportunity to promote optimal infant growth, with aberrant growth trajectories potentially creating short- and long-term public health burdens. Therefore, it is important to understand how bioactive components of human milk influence infant growth.
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Xiong J, Liao XS, Yin T, Liu XC, Bao L, Li LQ. Alterations of the gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids in necrotizing enterocolitis and food protein-induced allergic protocolitis infants: A prospective cohort study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1030588. [PMID: 36478672 PMCID: PMC9720398 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1030588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even though presenting with similar clinical manifestations, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and food protein-induced allergic protocolitis (FPIAP) have completely different treatments and prognosis. Our study aimed to quantify and evaluate differences in gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) between infants with NEC and FPIAP to better identify these two diseases in clinical settings. Methods A total of 43 infants with NEC or FPIAP in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China between December 2020 and December 2021 were enrolled. Stool samples were prospectively collected and froze. Infants defined as NEC were those who presented with clinical courses consistent with NEC and whose radiographs fulfilled criteria for Bell's stage 2 or 3 NEC, while those who were healthy in appearance and had blood in the stool (visible or may be microscopic), had normal bowel sounds in physical examination, were resolved after eliminating the causative food, and/or had recurrence of symptoms after oral food challenge (OFC) were defined as FPIAP. Primers specific for bacterial 16S rRNA genes were used to amplify and pyrosequence fecal DNA from stool samples. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology was used to determine the concentrations of SCFAs. Results Among the 43 infants, 22 were diagnosed with NEC and 21 were diagnosed with FPIAP. The microbial community structure in NEC infant stools differed significantly from those in FPIAP infant stools. NEC infants had significantly higher proportion of Actinobacteria and reduced proportion of Bacteroidetes compared with FPIAP infants, and the proportions of Halomonas, Acinetobacter, Bifidobacterium, and Stenotrophomonas in NEC infants were significantly higher than that of FPIAP infants. In addition, infants with NEC had significantly lower levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, and total SCFAs, and higher level of hexanoic acid as compared to the infants of the FPIAP group. Conclusions The differences of gut microbiota composition and concentrations of SCFAs might represent suitable biomarker targets for early identification of NEC and FPIAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing-Sheng Liao
- Department of Neonatology, The first People’s Hospital of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong Yin
- Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Liu
- Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Bao
- Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Lei Bao, ; Lu-Quan Li,
| | - Lu-Quan Li
- Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Lei Bao, ; Lu-Quan Li,
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Li X, Zhang B, Zheng J, Chen H, Zheng J, Xu X, Wang W, Sun C, Lin W, Chen K, Xu Z, Zhang H, Wang J. Clinical Biochemical Indicators and Intestinal Microbiota Testing Reveal the Influence of Reproductive Age Extending from the Mother to the Offspring. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0107622. [PMID: 35993782 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01076-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is an important factor that determines the physiological functions of the human body, but the changes in maternal physiology, biochemistry, and intestinal flora related to reproductive age and their impact on offspring are not clear. Here, we tested and analyzed the clinical physiological and biochemical indicators and/or intestinal flora, matching the data of 252 parturients and their newborns. We found that 4 clinical indicators, including the white blood cell count and the absolute value of monocytes, were significantly related to the reproductive age (P < 0.05). The composition of the intestinal flora also varied with age, and the intestinal flora of advanced-age women (≥35 years old) was different from that of middle-aged women (>25 and <35 years old). We also found that changes in maternal clinical physiological and biochemical indicators related to reproductive age could reflect changes in the abundance of bacteria, such as Peptococcus and Vibrio, and changes in the intestinal flora spread to offspring. These results provide new evidence to explain the increased adverse pregnancy outcomes of mothers of inappropriate age, describe the increased health risks of newborns, help us examine the importance of age-appropriate birth from a broader perspective, and contribute to the discovery of mother-child bonds for a better understanding of healthy reproduction. IMPORTANCE In this study, we demonstrated that physiological indicators and the gut microbiome fluctuate drastically among parturients of different reproductive ages and that there is a significant correlation between the two changes. Mothers of different ages had different gut microbes, and the gut microbiota varied as the childbearing age became too high. Changes in the gut microbiome with maternal reproductive age affected the offspring, and the influence of reproductive age on the intestinal flora had a synergistic effect between mother and child that was revealed for the first time. The maternal childbearing age might affect the colonization of the offspring's initial flora. The results provide new evidence to explain the increased adverse pregnancy outcomes of mothers of inappropriate age, describe the increased health risks of newborns, and contribute to the discovery of mother-child bonds for a better understanding of healthy reproduction.
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Sindi AS, Stinson LF, Lean SS, Chooi YH, Leghi GE, Netting MJ, Wlodek ME, Muhlhausler BS, Geddes DT, Payne MS. Effect of a reduced fat and sugar maternal dietary intervention during lactation on the infant gut microbiome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:900702. [PMID: 36060782 PMCID: PMC9428759 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.900702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveA growing body of literature has shown that maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with infant gut bacterial composition. However, whether maternal diet during lactation affects the exclusively breastfed infant gut microbiome remains understudied. This study sets out to determine whether a two-week of a reduced fat and sugar maternal dietary intervention during lactation is associated with changes in the infant gut microbiome composition and function.DesignStool samples were collected from four female and six male (n = 10) infants immediately before and after the intervention. Maternal baseline diet from healthy mothers aged 22–37 was assessed using 24-h dietary recall. During the 2-week dietary intervention, mothers were provided with meals and their dietary intake was calculated using FoodWorks 10 Software. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to characterize the infant gut microbiome composition and function.ResultsIn all but one participant, maternal fat and sugar intake during the intervention were significantly lower than at baseline. The functional capacity of the infant gut microbiome was significantly altered by the intervention, with increased levels of genes associated with 28 bacterial metabolic pathways involved in biosynthesis of vitamins (p = 0.003), amino acids (p = 0.005), carbohydrates (p = 0.01), and fatty acids and lipids (p = 0.01). Although the dietary intervention did not affect the bacterial composition of the infant gut microbiome, relative difference in maternal fiber intake was positively associated with increased abundance of genes involved in biosynthesis of storage compounds (p = 0.016), such as cyanophycin. Relative difference in maternal protein intake was negatively associated with Veillonella parvula (p = 0.006), while positively associated with Klebsiella michiganensis (p = 0.047). Relative difference in maternal sugar intake was positively associated with Lactobacillus paracasei (p = 0.022). Relative difference in maternal fat intake was positively associated with genes involved in the biosynthesis of storage compounds (p = 0.015), fatty acid and lipid (p = 0.039), and metabolic regulator (p = 0.038) metabolic pathways.ConclusionThis pilot study demonstrates that a short-term maternal dietary intervention during lactation can significantly alter the functional potential, but not bacterial taxonomy, of the breastfed infant gut microbiome. While the overall diet itself was not able to change the composition of the infant gut microbiome, changes in intakes of maternal protein and sugar during lactation were correlated with changes in the relative abundances of certain bacterial species.Clinical trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619000606189).
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar S. Sindi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lisa F. Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Soo Sum Lean
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yit-Heng Chooi
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gabriela E. Leghi
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Merryn J. Netting
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Pediatrics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mary E. Wlodek
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Beverly S. Muhlhausler
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- CSIRO, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Donna T. Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew S. Payne
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Matthew S. Payne,
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Litos A, Intze E, Pavlidis P, Lagkouvardos I. Cronos: A Machine Learning Pipeline for Description and Predictive Modeling of Microbial Communities Over Time. Front Bioinform 2022; 2:866902. [PMID: 36304308 PMCID: PMC9580867 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2022.866902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial time-series analysis, typically, examines the abundances of individual taxa over time and attempts to assign etiology to observed patterns. This approach assumes homogeneous groups in terms of profiles and response to external effectors. These assumptions are not always fulfilled, especially in complex natural systems, like the microbiome of the human gut. It is actually established that humans with otherwise the same demographic or dietary backgrounds can have distinct microbial profiles. We suggest an alternative approach to the analysis of microbial time-series, based on the following premises: 1) microbial communities are organized in distinct clusters of similar composition at any time point, 2) these intrinsic subsets of communities could have different responses to the same external effects, and 3) the fate of the communities is largely deterministic given the same external conditions. Therefore, tracking the transition of communities, rather than individual taxa, across these states, can enhance our understanding of the ecological processes and allow the prediction of future states, by incorporating applied effects. We implement these ideas into Cronos, an analytical pipeline written in R. Cronos’ inputs are a microbial composition table (e.g., OTU table), their phylogenetic relations as a tree, and the associated metadata. Cronos detects the intrinsic microbial profile clusters on all time points, describes them in terms of composition, and records the transitions between them. Cluster assignments, combined with the provided metadata, are used to model the transitions and predict samples’ fate under various effects. We applied Cronos to available data from growing infants’ gut microbiomes, and we observe two distinct trajectories corresponding to breastfed and formula-fed infants that eventually converge to profiles resembling those of mature individuals. Cronos is freely available at https://github.com/Lagkouvardos/Cronos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis Litos
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation of Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evangelia Intze
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
| | - Pavlos Pavlidis
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation of Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation of Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece
- Core Facility Microbiome—ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ilias Lagkouvardos,
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Huang T, Zeng Z, Liang X, Tang X, Luo H, Wang D, Zhou J, Xiao X. Effect of breast milk with or without bacteria on infant gut microbiota. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:595. [PMID: 35883060 PMCID: PMC9317457 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The breast milk microbiome could be a source of infant intestinal microbiota. Several studies have found that some breast milk is extremely low in bacteria or is even sterile. There are limited studies on the effect of milk without bacteria on the infant gut microbiota. The purpose of this study was to investigate the gut microbiota of infants fed with bacterial milk or sterile milk. Meanwhile, we attempted to find the cause of undetectable bacteria in milk. METHODS A total of 17 healthy pregnant women and 17 infants were enrolled in this study. Fecal samples were collected from full-term pregnant women. Milk samples and infant fecal samples were collected on the 14th postnatal day. Breast milk and fecal samples were examined using 16S rRNA sequencing technology. Pregnant women and infants were grouped according to milk with or without bacteria. To compare the differences in gut microbiota and clinical characteristics between groups. RESULTS Bacteria were detected in 11 breast milk samples, and the bacterial detection rate was 64.7%. Infants fed with bacterial milk showed higher Shannon index and Simpson index (P = 0.020, P = 0.048), and their relative abundance of Lachnospirales, Lachnospiraceae and Eggerthellaceae was markedly higher. In addition, there were more bacterial associations in the co-occurrence network of infants fed with bacterial milk. Pregnant women with sterile and bacterial breast milk showed no significant differences in their clinical characteristics, and microbial composition and diversity. CONCLUSIONS Some breast milk from healthy postpartum women failed to be sequenced due to low microbial DNA quantities or is sterile. Research is needed to explore the reasons for this phenomenon. Infants fed with bacterial milk had higher Alpha diversity and more complex microbiota networks. These findings provide novel insight into milk microbiota and infant gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zichun Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyuan Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongju Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Martín-Rodríguez A, Bustamante-Sánchez Á, Martínez-Guardado I, Navarro-Jiménez E, Plata-SanJuan E, Tornero-Aguilera JF, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Infancy Dietary Patterns, Development, and Health: An Extensive Narrative Review. Children 2022; 9:children9071072. [PMID: 35884056 PMCID: PMC9319947 DOI: 10.3390/children9071072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Correct dietary patterns are important for a child’s health from birth to adulthood. Understanding a child’s health as a state of entire physical, mental, and social well-being is essential. However, reaching adulthood in a complete health proper state is determined by feeding and dietary habits during preconception, pregnancy, or children infancy. Different factors, such as the mother’s lifestyle, culture, or socioeconomic status, are crucial during all these phases. In this review, we aimed to assess the long-term associations between infancy dietary patterns and health and their influence on development and growth. To reach this objective, a consensus critical review was carried out using primary sources such as scientific articles, and secondary bibliographic indexes, databases, and web pages. PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar were the tools used to complete this research. We found that high-income countries promote high-calorie foods and, consequently, obesity problems among children are rising. However, undernutrition is a global health issue concerning children in low- and middle-income countries; thus, parental socioeconomic status in early life is essential to children’s health and development, showing that biological, social, and environmental influences are increased risk factors for chronic diseases. This narrative review is aimed to collect evidence for early nutritional intervention and future disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Álvaro Bustamante-Sánchez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (V.J.C.-S.)
- Correspondence: (Á.B.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.); Fax: +34-911-413-585 (J.F.T.-A.)
| | | | | | | | - José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (V.J.C.-S.)
- Correspondence: (Á.B.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.); Fax: +34-911-413-585 (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (V.J.C.-S.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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Bantun F, Singh R, Alkhanani MF, Almalki AH, Alshammary F, Khan S, Haque S, Srivastava M. Gut microbiome interactions with graphene based nanomaterials: Challenges and opportunities. Sci Total Environ 2022; 830:154789. [PMID: 35341865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rapid growth of nanotechnology has accelerated immense possibility of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) exposure by human and living organisms. In this context, wide range applications of graphene based nanomaterials (GBNMs) may inevitably cause their release into the environment. Consequently, potential risks to the ecological system and human health is consistently increasing due to the probable ingestion of GBNMs by mean of contaminated water or food sources. Further, gut microbiome is known to play a profound impact on the health status of human being and has been recognized as the most exciting advancement in the biomedical science. Recent studies has shown vital role of ENMs to alter gut microbiome and thereby changed pathological status of organisms. Therefore, in this review results of numerous studies dedicated to explore the impact of GBNMs on gut microbiome and thereby various pathological status have been summarized. Dietary exposure of different types of GBNMs [e.g. graphene, graphene oxide (GO), partially reduced graphene oxide (PRGO), graphene quantum dots (GQDs)] have been evaluated on the gut microbiome through numerous in vitro and in vivo models. Moreover, emphasis has been made to evaluate different physiological responses with the short/long-term exposure of GBNMs, particularly in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and its correlation with gut microbiome and the health status. It is reviewed that exposure of GBNMs can exert significant impact which alter the composition, diversity and function of gut microbiome. This may further appear in terms of enteric disorder along with numerous pathological changes e.g. IEC (intestinal epithelial cells) colitis, lysosomal dysfunction, inflammation, shortened colon, resorbed embryo, retardation in skeletal development, low weight of fetus, early or late dead of fetus and IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) like symptoms. Finally, potential health risks due to the exposure of GBNMs have been discussed with future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farkad Bantun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah - 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110052, India.
| | - Mustfa F Alkhanani
- Emergency Medical Service Department, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atiah H Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al-Hawiah, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Freah Alshammary
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Hail University, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif Khan
- Department of Basic Dental and Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Hail University, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Görükle Campus, 16059 Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
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Moroishi Y, Gui J, Hoen AG, Morrison HG, Baker ER, Nadeau KC, Li H, Li Z, Madan JC, Karagas MR. The relationship between the gut microbiome and the risk of respiratory infections among newborns. Commun Med (Lond) 2022; 2:87. [PMID: 35847562 PMCID: PMC9283516 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence points to a critical role of the developing gut microbiome in immune maturation and infant health; however, prospective studies are lacking. Methods We examined the occurrence of infections and associated symptoms during the first year of life in relation to the infant gut microbiome at six weeks of age using bacterial 16S rRNA V4-V5 gene sequencing (N = 465) and shotgun metagenomics (N = 185). We used generalized estimating equations to assess the associations between longitudinal outcomes and 16S alpha diversity and metagenomics species. Results Here we show higher infant gut microbiota alpha diversity was associated with an increased risk of infections or respiratory symptoms treated with a prescription medicine, and specifically upper respiratory tract infections. Among vaginally delivered infants, a higher alpha diversity was associated with an increased risk of all-cause wheezing treated with a prescription medicine and diarrhea involving a visit to a health care provider. Positive associations were specifically observed with Veillonella species among all deliveries and Haemophilus influenzae among cesarean-delivered infants. Conclusion Our findings suggest that intestinal microbial diversity and the relative abundance of key taxa in early infancy may influence susceptibility to respiratory infection, wheezing, and diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Moroishi
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Jiang Gui
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Anne G. Hoen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Hilary G. Morrison
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Emily R. Baker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH USA
| | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Juliette C. Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
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Giromini C, Givens DI. Benefits and Risks Associated with Meat Consumption during Key Life Processes and in Relation to the Risk of Chronic Diseases. Foods 2022; 11:2063. [PMID: 35885304 PMCID: PMC9318327 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Red meat has been an important part of the diet throughout human evolution. Overall, when included as part of a healthy and varied diet, red meat can provide a rich source of bioavailable essential nutrients and high biological value protein. The present paper discusses the dietary role/impact of red and processed meat, with some reference to the relative effect of white meat, in a range of chronic conditions including iron-deficiency anaemia, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer and dementia. The role of red meat in relation to key physiological conditions such as maintaining skeletal muscle and bone health and during pregnancy is also discussed. The inclusion of lean red meat in a healthy, varied diet may be beneficial during these critical conditions. There is however increasing evidence that red meat and especially processed meat are associated with increased risks of CVD, cancer and dementia whereas white meat is neutral or associated with a lower risk. There now seems little doubt that processed and unprocessed meat should have separate public dietary guidance.
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Koerner R, Groer M, Prescott S. Scoping Review of the Relationship Between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and the Neonatal and Infant Gut Microbiome. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2022; 51:502-516. [PMID: 35839839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2022.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a scoping review to examine the relationship between a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the neonatal and infant gut microbiome from 0 to 1 year of age. DATA SOURCES We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL for articles with key terms "microbiome" and "gestational diabetes mellitus." STUDY SELECTION We included articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals between 2012 and 2021 that were reports of original research studies in which researchers used next-generation sequencing for analysis of the fecal microbiome and collected meconium or transitional stool from neonates and infants. DATA EXTRACTION We identified nine studies with a combined sample size of 1,279 neonates and infants. We extracted data, including title, authors, sample size, study design, methods, findings, significance, and limitations. We extracted and charted confounding variables such as treatment of GDM, body mass index, gestational age at birth, antibiotic use, mode of birth, and feeding method. DATA SYNTHESIS Gestational diabetes mellitus may alter the neonatal and infant gut microbiome because neonates and infants of women with GDM had altered composition and diversity compared to neonates and infants of women without GDM. CONCLUSION Mechanisms by which the neonatal and infant microbiome changes in response to GDM are poorly understood and need to be evaluated in future research. Further study of how GDM plays a role in the initial seeding of the microbiome, how the maternal microbiome may affect fetal metabolic programming, and how the neonatal microbiome leads to the future development of obesity and glucose intolerance is critical. Future studies should include larger sample sizes, appropriate collection of potential confounding variables, assessment of maternal interventions for GDM, and longitudinal designs to further understand potential associations with long-term detrimental outcomes such as obesity and impaired glucose tolerance.
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45
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Liu X, Jin G, Tang Q, Huang S, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Liu T, Guo Z, Yang C, Wang B, Jiang K, Zhong W, Cao H. Early life Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG colonisation inhibits intestinal tumour formation. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1421-1431. [PMID: 35091695 PMCID: PMC9090826 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely related to the progression of colorectal cancer. Our previous study revealed that early life colonisation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) had long-term positive effects on health. We sought to investigate whether early life LGG colonisation could inhibit intestinal tumour formation in offspring. METHODS Adult C57BL/6 female mice were mated with Apcmin/+ male mice. Pregnant mice with the same conception date received 108 cfu live or fixed LGG from day 18 of pregnancy until natural delivery. After genotyping, offspring mice received 107 cfu of live or fixed LGG for 0-5 days after birth. RESULTS Early life LGG colonisation significantly promoted intestinal development, inhibited low-grade intestinal inflammation and altered the gut microbiota composition of offspring in the weaning period (3 week old). Notably, early life LGG colonisation reduced the multiplicity of intestinal tumours in adulthood (12 week old), possibly due to inhibition of Wnt signalling and promotion of tumour cell apoptosis. Importantly, at the genus level, Bifidobacterium and Anaeroplasma with potential anti-tumour effects were increased in adulthood, while Peptostreptococcus, which potentially contributes to tumour formation, was decreased. CONCLUSIONS Early life LGG colonisation inhibited the intestinal tumour formation of offspring in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Shumin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China.
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), namely, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are lifelong and incurable chronic inflammatory diseases affecting 6.8 million people worldwide. By 2030, the prevalence of IBD is estimated to reach 1% of the population in Western countries, and thus there is an urgent need to develop effective therapies to reduce the burden of this disease. Microbiome dysbiosis is at the heart of the IBD pathophysiology, and current research and development efforts for IBD treatments have been focused on gut microbiome regulation. Diet can shape the intestinal microbiome. Diet is also preferred over medication, is safe, and has been proven to be an effective strategy for the management of IBD. Therefore, although often overlooked, dietary interventions targeting the microbiome represent ideal treatments for IBD. Here, I summarize the latest research on diet as a treatment for IBD from infancy to adulthood, compile evidence of the mechanisms of action behind diet as treatment, and, lastly, provide insights into future research focusing on culturally tailored diets for ethnic minority groups with increased incidence of IBD yet underrepresented in nutrition research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maldonado-Contreras
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Program of Microbiome Dynamics, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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47
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van Best N, Dominguez-Bello MG, Hornef MW, Jašarević E, Korpela K, Lawley TD. Should we modulate the neonatal microbiome and what should be the goal? Microbiome 2022; 10:74. [PMID: 35538552 PMCID: PMC9087991 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels van Best
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello
- Departments of Biochemistry and Microbiology and of Anthropology, and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Mathias W Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Eldin Jašarević
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Katri Korpela
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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48
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Meliț LE, Mărginean CO, Săsăran MO. The Yin-Yang Concept of Pediatric Obesity and Gut Microbiota. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030645. [PMID: 35327446 PMCID: PMC8945275 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The era of pediatric obesity is no longer a myth. Unfortunately, pediatric obesity has reached alarming incidence levels worldwide and the factors that contribute to its development have been intensely studied in multiple recent and emerging studies. Gut microbiota was recently included in the wide spectrum of factors implicated in the determination of obesity, but its role in pediatric obese patients is far from being fully understood. In terms of the infant gut microbiome, multiple factors have been demonstrated to shape its content, including maternal diet and health, type of delivery, feeding patterns, weaning and dietary habits. Nevertheless, the role of the intrauterine environment, such as the placental microbial community, cannot be completely excluded. Most studies have identified Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes as the most important players related to obesity risk in gut microbiota reflecting an increase of Firmicutes and a decrease in Bacteroidetes in the context of obesity; however, multiple inconsistencies between studies were recently reported, especially in pediatric populations, and there is a scarcity of studies performed in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Elena Meliț
- Department of Pediatrics I, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Cristina Oana Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics I, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Oana Săsăran
- Department of Pediatrics III, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
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George S, Aguilera X, Gallardo P, Farfán M, Lucero Y, Torres JP, Vidal R, O'Ryan M. Bacterial Gut Microbiota and Infections During Early Childhood. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:793050. [PMID: 35069488 PMCID: PMC8767011 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.793050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota composition during the first years of life is variable, dynamic and influenced by both prenatal and postnatal factors, such as maternal antibiotics administered during labor, delivery mode, maternal diet, breastfeeding, and/or antibiotic consumption during infancy. Furthermore, the microbiota displays bidirectional interactions with infectious agents, either through direct microbiota-microorganism interactions or indirectly through various stimuli of the host immune system. Here we review these interactions during childhood until 5 years of life, focusing on bacterial microbiota, the most common gastrointestinal and respiratory infections and two well characterized gastrointestinal diseases related to dysbiosis (necrotizing enterocolitis and Clostridioides difficile infection). To date, most peer-reviewed studies on the bacterial microbiota in childhood have been cross-sectional and have reported patterns of gut dysbiosis during infections as compared to healthy controls; prospective studies suggest that most children progressively return to a "healthy microbiota status" following infection. Animal models and/or studies focusing on specific preventive and therapeutic interventions, such as probiotic administration and fecal transplantation, support the role of the bacterial gut microbiota in modulating both enteric and respiratory infections. A more in depth understanding of the mechanisms involved in the establishment and maintenance of the early bacterial microbiota, focusing on specific components of the microbiota-immunity-infectious agent axis is necessary in order to better define potential preventive or therapeutic tools against significant infections in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio George
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Aguilera
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Gallardo
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Farfán
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yalda Lucero
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Roberto del Río Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Torres
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Vidal
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel O'Ryan
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Laboratory, Microbiology and Mycology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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50
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Abstract
The human oral microbiome is becoming recognized as playing roles in health and disease well beyond the oral cavity over the lifetime of the individual. The oral microbiome is hypothesized to result from specific colonization events followed by a reproducible and ordered development of complex bacterial communities. Colonization events, proliferation, succession and subsequent community development are dependent on a range of host and environmental factors, most notably the neonate diet. It is now becoming apparent that early childhood and prenatal influences can have long term effects on the development of human oral microbiomes. In this review, the temporal development of the infant human oral microbiome is examined, with the effects of prenatal and postnatal influences and the roles of specific bacteria. Dietary and environmental factors, especially breastfeeding, have a significant influence on the development of the infant oral microbiome. The evidence available regarding the roles and functions of early colonizing bacteria is still limited, and gaps in knowledge where further research is needed to elucidate these specific roles in relation to health and disease still exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Blum
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Mihiri Silva
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Samantha J Byrne
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Catherine A Butler
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Geoffrey G Adams
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Stuart G Dashper
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
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