1
|
Niu YR, Yu HN, Yan ZH, Yan XH. Multiomics Analysis Reveals Leucine Deprivation Promotes Bile Acid Synthesis by Upregulating Hepatic CYP7A1 and Intestinal Turicibacter sanguinis in Mice. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00236-0. [PMID: 38692354 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid, participates in the regulation of lipid metabolism and the composition of the intestinal microbiota. However, the related mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVES Here, we aimed to reveal the potential mechanisms by which hepatic CYP7A1 (a rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid [BA] synthesis) and gut microbiota coregulate BA synthesis under leucine deprivation. METHODS To this end, 8-wk-old C57BL/6J mice were fed with either unpurified diets or leucine-free diets for 1 wk. Then, we investigated whether secondary BAs were synthesized by Turicibacter sanguinis in 7-wk-old C57BL/6J germ-free mice gavaged with T. sanguinis for 2 wk by determining BA concentrations in the plasma, liver, and cecum contents using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The results showed that leucine deprivation resulted in a significant increase in total BA concentration in the plasma and an increase in the liver, but no difference in total BA was observed in the cecum contents before and after leucine deprivation. Furthermore, leucine deprivation significantly altered BA profiles such as taurocholic acid and ω-muricholic acid in the plasma, liver, and cecum contents. CYP7A1 expression was significantly upregulated in the liver under leucine deprivation. Leucine deprivation also regulated the composition of the gut microbiota; specifically, it significantly upregulated the relative abundance of T. sanguinis, thus enhancing the conversion of primary BAs into secondary BAs by intestinal T. sanguinis in mice. CONCLUSIONS Overall, leucine deprivation regulated BA profiles in enterohepatic circulation by upregulating hepatic CYP7A1 expression and increasing intestinal T. sanguinis abundance. Our findings reveal the contribution of gut microbiota to BA metabolism under dietary leucine deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Rong Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao-Nan Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen-Hong Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang KX, Zhu Y, Song SX, Bu QY, You XY, Zou H, Zhao GP. Ginsenoside Rb1, Compound K and 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Attenuate High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats via Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism. Molecules 2024; 29:1108. [PMID: 38474620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, characterized by elevated serum lipid concentrations resulting from lipid metabolism dysfunction, represents a prevalent global health concern. Ginsenoside Rb1, compound K (CK), and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), bioactive constituents derived from Panax ginseng, have shown promise in mitigating lipid metabolism disorders. However, the comparative efficacy and underlying mechanisms of these compounds in hyperlipidemia prevention remain inadequately explored. This study investigates the impact of ginsenoside Rb1, CK, and PPD supplementation on hyperlipidemia in rats induced by a high-fat diet. Our findings demonstrate that ginsenoside Rb1 significantly decreased body weight and body weight gain, ameliorated hepatic steatosis, and improved dyslipidemia in HFD-fed rats, outperforming CK and PPD. Moreover, ginsenoside Rb1, CK, and PPD distinctly modified gut microbiota composition and function. Ginsenoside Rb1 increased the relative abundance of Blautia and Eubacterium, while PPD elevated Akkermansia levels. Both CK and PPD increased Prevotella and Bacteroides, whereas Clostridium-sensu-stricto and Lactobacillus were reduced following treatment with all three compounds. Notably, only ginsenoside Rb1 enhanced lipid metabolism by modulating the PPARγ/ACC/FAS signaling pathway and promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. Additionally, all three ginsenosides markedly improved bile acid enterohepatic circulation via the FXR/CYP7A1 pathway, reducing hepatic and serum total bile acids and modulating bile acid pool composition by decreasing primary/unconjugated bile acids (CA, CDCA, and β-MCA) and increasing conjugated bile acids (TCDCA, GCDCA, GDCA, and TUDCA), correlated with gut microbiota changes. In conclusion, our results suggest that ginsenoside Rb1, CK, and PPD supplementation offer promising prebiotic interventions for managing HFD-induced hyperlipidemia in rats, with ginsenoside Rb1 demonstrating superior efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Xi Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Shu-Xia Song
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Qing-Yun Bu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xiao-Yan You
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hong Zou
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhao
- Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu S, Kong L, Li L, Wang C, Gu J, Luo H, Meng Q. Farnesoid X receptor overexpression prevents hepatic steatosis through inhibiting AIM2 inflammasome activation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166930. [PMID: 37918680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-mediated activation of inflammasome has a significant effect on the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Farnesoid X receptor (NR1H4, FXR) has been implicated in biological function and many diseases, including NAFLD. The regulatory effect of FXR on oxidative stress and whether this process is related with the activation of absent melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome in NAFLD remain unclear. In the present research, we confirmed that FXR in the livers of steatosis patients is significantly reduced compared with normal liver tissue by using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and a palmitic acid (PA) - mediated steatosis model in AML-12 cells. Under the premise of ensuring the same food intake as the control group, overexpression of FXR in mice attenuated HFD-mediated weight gain and liver steatosis, facilitated lipid metabolism, improved fatty acid β-oxidation, lipolysis, and reduced fatty acid synthesis and intake, which also inhibited the activation of AIM2 inflammasome. Overexpression of FXR alleviated PA-induced triglyceride (TG) accumulation, imbalance of lipid homeostasis, and the activation of AIM2 inflammasome in hepatic steatosis cells, while FXR knockdown appeared the opposite effects. FXR overexpression suppressed PA- and HFD-induced oxidative stress, but FXR siRNA demonstrated the opposite influence. The decreased ROS generation may be the reason why FXR weakens AIM2 activation when a fatty acid overload occurs. In conclusion, our results confirm that other than regulating lipid homeostasis and blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation, FXR improves hepatic steatosis by a novel mechanism that inhibits oxidative stress and AIM2 inflammasome activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lina Kong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jiangning Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Haifeng Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan D, Lv M, Kong X, Feng L, Ying Y, Liu W, Wang X, Ma X. FXR controls insulin content by regulating Foxa2-mediated insulin transcription. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2024; 1871:119655. [PMID: 38135007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear ligand-activated receptor of bile acids that plays a role in the modulation of insulin content. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Forkhead box a2 (Foxa2) is an important nuclear transcription factor in pancreatic β-cells and is involved in β-cell function. We aimed to explore the signaling mechanism downstream of FXR to regulate insulin content and underscore its association with Foxa2 and insulin gene (Ins) transcription. All experiments were conducted on FXR transgenic mice, INS-1 823/13 cells, and diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats undergoing sham or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Islets from FXR knockout mice and INS-1823/13 cells with FXR knockdown exhibited substantially lower insulin levels than that of controls. This was accompanied by decreased Foxa2 expression and Ins transcription. Conversely, FXR overexpression increased insulin content, concomitant with enhanced Foxa2 expression and Ins transcription in INS-1 823/13 cells. Moreover, FXR knockdown reduced FXR recruitment and H3K27 trimethylation in the Foxa2 promoter. Importantly, Foxa2 overexpression abrogated the adverse effects of FXR knockdown on Ins transcription and insulin content in INS-1 823/13 cells. Notably, RYGB surgery led to improved insulin content in diabetic GK rats, which was accompanied by upregulated FXR and Foxa2 expression and Ins transcription. Collectively, these data suggest that Foxa2 serves as the target gene of FXR in β-cells and mediates FXR-enhanced Ins transcription. Additionally, the upregulated FXR/Foxa2 signaling cascade could contribute to the enhanced insulin content in diabetic GK rats after RYGB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yan
- Shenzhen University Diabetes Institute, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
| | - Moyang Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Xiangchen Kong
- Shenzhen University Diabetes Institute, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Linxian Feng
- Shenzhen University Diabetes Institute, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Ying Ying
- Shenzhen University Diabetes Institute, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Shenzhen University Diabetes Institute, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shenzhen University Diabetes Institute, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Xiaosong Ma
- Shenzhen University Diabetes Institute, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu Z, Xu Y, Xia Y, Jia X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Chai H, Sun L. Review on chronic metabolic diseases surrounding bile acids and gut microbiota: What we have explored so far. Life Sci 2024; 336:122304. [PMID: 38016578 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid, the final product of cholesterol breakdown, functions as a complex regulator and signaling factor in human metabolism. Chronic metabolic diseases pose significant medical challenges. Growing research underscores bile acids' capacity to enhance metabolism via diverse pathways, regulating disorders and offering treatment potential. Numerous bile-acid-triggered pathways have become treatment targets. This review outlines bile acid synthesis, its role as a signal in chronic metabolic diseases, and highlights its interaction with gut microbiota in different metabolic conditions. Exploring host-bacteria-bile acid links emerges as a valuable future research direction with clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzheng Zhu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuemiao Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Xia
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Jia
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyue Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leyin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chai
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leitao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang J, Chen X, Liu T, Shi Y. Potential role of bile acids in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. Life Sci 2024; 336:122279. [PMID: 37995935 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common acute gastrointestinal diseases in preterm infants. Recent studies have found that NEC is not only caused by changes in the intestinal environment but also by the failure of multiple systems and organs, including the liver. The accumulation of bile acids (BAs) in the ileum and the disorder of ileal BA transporters are related to the ileum injury of NEC. Inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-18 secreted by NEC also play an important role in regulating intrahepatic BA transporters. As an important link connecting the liver and intestinal circulation, the bile acid metabolic pathway plays an important role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota, cell proliferation, and barrier protection. In this review, we focus on how bile acids explore the dynamic changes of bile acid metabolism in necrotizing enterocolitis and the potential therapeutic value of targeting the bile acid signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Tianjing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Yongyan Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jia X, Chen Q, Wu H, Liu H, Jing C, Gong A, Zhang Y. Exploring a novel therapeutic strategy: the interplay between gut microbiota and high-fat diet in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1291853. [PMID: 38192650 PMCID: PMC10773723 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1291853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, the rapid increase in the incidence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and hyperuricemia, has been attributed to high-fat diets (HFD) and decreased physical activity levels. Although the phenotypes and pathologies of these metabolic diseases vary, patients with these diseases exhibit disease-specific alterations in the composition and function of their gut microbiota. Studies in germ-free mice have shown that both HFD and gut microbiota can promote the development of metabolic diseases, and HFD can disrupt the balance of gut microbiota. Therefore, investigating the interaction between gut microbiota and HFD in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases. This review takes HFD as the starting point, providing a detailed analysis of the pivotal role of HFD in the development of metabolic disorders. It comprehensively elucidates the impact of HFD on the balance of intestinal microbiota, analyzes the mechanisms underlying gut microbiota dysbiosis leading to metabolic disruptions, and explores the associated genetic factors. Finally, the potential of targeting the gut microbiota as a means to address metabolic disturbances induced by HFD is discussed. In summary, this review offers theoretical support and proposes new research avenues for investigating the role of nutrition-related factors in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in the organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiwen Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Chunying Jing
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Aimin Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Feng J, Ma H, Yue Y, Wang L, Hao K, Zhang Y, Li J, Xiang Y, Min Y. Saikosaponin a ameliorates diet-induced fatty liver via regulating intestinal microbiota and bile acid profile in laying hens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103155. [PMID: 37871490 PMCID: PMC10598744 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome is a widespread metabolic disease in laying hens that decreases egg production and even causes death in severe cases. Many traditional Chinese medicine ingredients, such as saikosaponin a (SSa), have been shown to alleviate fatty liver, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the alleviation of dietary SSa on excessive hepatic lipid deposition and the interactions between intestinal microbiota and bile acid (BA) in laying hens. Fifty-four 35-wk-old laying hens were randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups with 6 replicates (3 birds per replicate) and fed with a basal diet (CON), high-energy and low-protein diet (HELP), and HELP diet with 30 mg/kg SSa (HELP + SSa). SSa reversed diet-induced egg production rate decrease (P < 0.05). SSa could potently ameliorate HELP-induced accumulation of hepatic cholesterol and liver injury via the increase (P < 0.05) of mRNA expression of BA synthesis gene, such as cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase 1. SSa treatment alleviated gut dysbiosis, especially reducing (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-producing bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Turicibacter. Ileal BA metabolomic analysis revealed that SSa increased (P < 0.05) the content of tauro-conjugated BAs, mainly taurochenodeoxycholic acid and tauro-α-muricholic acid. The mRNA expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and fibroblast growth factor 19 were decreased (P < 0.05) in intestine, which was associated with increased gene expression of enzymes in the BA synthesis that reduced the levels of cholesterol. Moreover, SSa treatment inhibited intestinal BA reabsorption via decreasing (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter. Our findings indicated that SSa reduced liver cholesterol accumulation and alleviated fatty liver in laying hens through microbiota-BA-intestinal FXR crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanrui Yue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Keyang Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghe Li
- Tongchuan City Health Supervision Institute, Tongchuan 629000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujun Xiang
- Tongchuan City Health Supervision Institute, Tongchuan 629000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuna Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hou Y, Zhai X, Wang X, Wu Y, Wang H, Qin Y, Han J, Meng Y. Research progress on the relationship between bile acid metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:235. [PMID: 37978556 PMCID: PMC10656899 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids, which are steroid molecules originating from cholesterol and synthesized in the liver, play a pivotal role in regulating glucose metabolism and maintaining energy balance. Upon release into the intestine alongside bile, they activate various nuclear and membrane receptors, influencing crucial processes. These bile acids have emerged as significant contributors to managing type 2 diabetes mellitus, a complex clinical syndrome primarily driven by insulin resistance. Bile acids substantially lower blood glucose levels through multiple pathways: BA-FXR-SHP, BA-FXR-FGFR15/19, BA-TGR5-GLP-1, and BA-TGR5-cAMP. They also impact blood glucose regulation by influencing intestinal flora, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and bitter taste receptors. Collectively, these regulatory mechanisms enhance insulin sensitivity, stimulate insulin secretion, and boost energy expenditure. This review aims to comprehensively explore the interplay between bile acid metabolism and T2DM, focusing on primary regulatory pathways. By examining the latest advancements in our understanding of these interactions, we aim to illuminate potential therapeutic strategies and identify areas for future research. Additionally, this review critically assesses current research limitations to contribute to the effective management of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yisen Hou
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710018, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhe Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Heyue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Meng
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710018, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wan T, Wang Y, He K, Zhu S. Microbial sensing in the intestine. Protein Cell 2023; 14:824-860. [PMID: 37191444 PMCID: PMC10636641 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a key role in host health and disease, particularly through their interactions with the immune system. Intestinal homeostasis is dependent on the symbiotic relationships between the host and the diverse gut microbiota, which is influenced by the highly co-evolved immune-microbiota interactions. The first step of the interaction between the host and the gut microbiota is the sensing of the gut microbes by the host immune system. In this review, we describe the cells of the host immune system and the proteins that sense the components and metabolites of the gut microbes. We further highlight the essential roles of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and the nuclear receptors expressed in the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and the intestine-resident immune cells. We also discuss the mechanisms by which the disruption of microbial sensing because of genetic or environmental factors causes human diseases such as the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wan
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yalong Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Kaixin He
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Digestive Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230601, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Martinez TM, Wachsmuth HR, Meyer RK, Weninger SN, Lane AI, Kangath A, Schiro G, Laubitz D, Stern JH, Duca FA. Differential effects of plant-based flours on metabolic homeostasis and the gut microbiota in high-fat fed rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:44. [PMID: 37858106 PMCID: PMC10585811 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome is a salient contributor to the development of obesity, and diet is the greatest modifier of the gut microbiome, which highlights the need to better understand how specific diets alter the gut microbiota to impact metabolic disease. Increased dietary fiber intake shifts the gut microbiome and improves energy and glucose homeostasis. Dietary fibers are found in various plant-based flours which vary in fiber composition. However, the comparative efficacy of specific plant-based flours to improve energy homeostasis and the mechanism by which this occurs is not well characterized. METHODS In experiment 1, obese rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) supplemented with four different plant-based flours for 12 weeks. Barley flour (BF), oat bran (OB), wheat bran (WB), and Hi-maize amylose (HMA) were incorporated into the HFD at 5% or 10% total fiber content and were compared to a HFD control. For experiment 2, lean, chow-fed rats were switched to HFD supplemented with 10% WB or BF to determine the preventative efficacy of flour supplementation. RESULTS In experiment 1, 10% BF and 10% WB reduced body weight and adiposity gain and increased cecal butyrate. Gut microbiota analysis of WB and BF treated rats revealed increases in relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria. 10% WB and BF were also efficacious in preventing HFD-induced obesity; 10% WB and BF decreased body weight and adiposity, improved glucose tolerance, and reduced inflammatory markers and lipogenic enzyme expression in liver and adipose tissue. These effects were accompanied by alterations in the gut microbiota including increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus and LachnospiraceaeUCG001, along with increased portal taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) in 10% WB and BF rats compared to HFD rats. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic and preventative supplementation with 10%, but not 5%, WB or BF improves metabolic homeostasis, which is possibly due to gut microbiome-induced alterations. Specifically, these effects are proposed to be due to increased concentrations of intestinal butyrate and circulating TDCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M Martinez
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hallie R Wachsmuth
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Rachel K Meyer
- School of Nutritional Science and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Savanna N Weninger
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Adelina I Lane
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Archana Kangath
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, ACBS Building, 1117 E Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85711, USA
| | - Gabriele Schiro
- The PANDA Core for Genomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel Laubitz
- The PANDA Core for Genomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer H Stern
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Frank A Duca
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, ACBS Building, 1117 E Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85711, USA.
- BIO 5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang S, Wang Y, Lin L, Li Z, Liu F, Zhu L, Chen J, Zhang N, Cao X, Ran S, Liu G, Gao P, Sun W, Peng L, Zhuang J, Meng H. Layer-Specific BTX-A Delivery to the Gastric Muscularis Achieves Effective Weight Control and Metabolic Improvement. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2300822. [PMID: 37552813 PMCID: PMC10558648 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The rising incidence of health-endangering obesity constantly calls for more effective treatments. Gastric intramural injection of botulinum neurotoxin A (BTX-A) as a new modality carries great promise yet inconsistent therapeutic efficacy. A layer-specific delivery strategy enabled by dissolving microneedles is hence pioneered to investigate the working site of BTX-A and the resulting therapeutic effects. The drug-loaded tips of the layer-specific gastric paralysis microneedles (LGP-MN) rapidly release and achieve uniform distribution of BTX-A within the designated gastric wall layers. In an obesity rat model, the LGP-MNs not only prove safer than conventional injection, but also demonstrate consistently better therapeutic effects with muscular layer delivery, including 16.23% weight loss (3.06-fold enhancement from conventional injection), 55.20% slower gastric emptying rate, improved liver steatosis, lowered blood lipids, and healthier gut microbiota. Further hormonal study reveals that the elevated production of stomach-derived glucagon-like peptide-1 due to the muscularis-targeting LGP-MN treatment is an important contributor to its unique glucose tolerance-improving effect. This study provides clear indication of the gastric muscularis as the most favorable working site of BTX-A for weight loss and metabolic improvement purposes, and meanwhile suggests that the LGP-MNs could serve as a novel clinical approach to treat obesity and metabolic syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease CenterChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
| | - Yuqiong Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of HongkongHongkong999077China
- School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Long Lin
- Engineering College of Peking UniversityPeking universityBeijing100029China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Zongjie Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural ScienceShanghai200241China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Long Zhu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of UltrasoundChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
| | - Nianrong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease CenterChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- Department of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease CenterChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
| | - Sunman Ran
- Department of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease CenterChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
| | - Genzheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease CenterChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
| | - Weiliang Sun
- Institute of Clinical Medical SciencesChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
| | - Liang Peng
- Institute of Clinical Medical SciencesChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Hua Meng
- Department of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease CenterChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Frick LD, Hankir MK, Borner T, Malagola E, File B, Gero D. Novel Insights into the Physiology of Nutrient Sensing and Gut-Brain Communication in Surgical and Experimental Obesity Therapy. Obes Surg 2023; 33:2906-2916. [PMID: 37474864 PMCID: PMC10435392 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite standardized surgical technique and peri-operative care, metabolic outcomes of bariatric surgery are not uniform. Adaptive changes in brain function may play a crucial role in achieving optimal postbariatric weight loss. This review follows the anatomic-physiologic structure of the postbariatric nutrient-gut-brain communication chain through its key stations and provides a concise summary of recent findings in bariatric physiology, with a special focus on the composition of the intestinal milieu, intestinal nutrient sensing, vagal nerve-mediated gastrointestinal satiation signals, circulating hormones and nutrients, as well as descending neural signals from the forebrain. The results of interventional studies using brain or vagal nerve stimulation to induce weight loss are also summarized. Ultimately, suggestions are made for future diagnostic and therapeutic research for the treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas D Frick
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohammed K Hankir
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tito Borner
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ermanno Malagola
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Bálint File
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel Gero
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Y, Zhu L, Cai MX, Wang ZL, Zhuang M, Tan CY, Xie TH, Yao Y, Wei TT. TGR5 supresses cGAS/STING pathway by inhibiting GRP75-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial coupling in diabetic retinopathy. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:583. [PMID: 37658045 PMCID: PMC10474119 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious and relatively under-recognized complication of diabetes. Müller glial cells extend throughout the retina and play vital roles in maintaining retinal homeostasis. Previous studies have demonstrated that TGR5, a member of the bile acid-activated GPCR family, could ameliorate DR. However, the role of TGR5 in regulating Müller cell function and the underlying mechanism remains to be ascertained. To address this, high glucose (HG)-treated human Müller cells and streptozotocin-treated Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. The IP3R1-GRP75-VDAC1 axis and mitochondrial function were assessed after TGR5 ablation or agonism. Cytosolic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-mediated cGAS-STING activation was performed. The key markers of retinal vascular leakage, apoptosis, and inflammation were examined. We found that mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and mitochondrial dysfunction were alleviated by TGR5 agonist. Mechanically, TGR5 blocked the IP3R1-GRP75-VDAC1 axis mediated Ca2+ efflux from the endoplasmic reticulum into mitochondria under diabetic condition. Mitochondrial Ca2+ overload led to the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the cytosol. Cytoplasmic mtDNA bound to cGAS and upregulated 2'3' cyclic GMP-AMP. Consequently, STING-mediated inflammatory responses were activated. TGR5 agonist prevented retinal injury, whereas knockdown of TGR5 exacerbated retinal damage in DR rats, which was rescued by the STING inhibitor. Based on the above results, we propose that TGR5 might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, P. R. China
| | - Lingpeng Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, P. R. China
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Xia Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Li Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Ye Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Hua Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, P. R. China.
| | - Ting-Ting Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, P. R. China.
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yin M, Wang Y, Han M, Liang R, Li S, Wang G, Gang X. Mechanisms of bariatric surgery for weight loss and diabetes remission. J Diabetes 2023; 15:736-752. [PMID: 37442561 PMCID: PMC10509523 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D) lead to defects in intestinal hormones secretion, abnormalities in the composition of bile acids (BAs), increased systemic and adipose tissue inflammation, defects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) catabolism, and dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Bariatric surgery (BS) has been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of obesity and T2D, which allows us to view BS not simply as weight-loss surgery but as a means of alleviating obesity and its comorbidities, especially T2D. In recent years, accumulating studies have focused on the mechanisms of BS to find out which metabolic parameters are affected by BS through which pathways, such as which hormones and inflammatory processes are altered. The literatures are saturated with the role of intestinal hormones and the gut-brain axis formed by their interaction with neural networks in the remission of obesity and T2D following BS. In addition, BAs, gut microbiota and other factors are also involved in these benefits after BS. The interaction of these factors makes the mechanisms of metabolic improvement induced by BS more complicated. To date, we do not fully understand the exact mechanisms of the metabolic alterations induced by BS and its impact on the disease process of T2D itself. This review summarizes the changes of intestinal hormones, BAs, BCAAs, gut microbiota, signaling proteins, growth differentiation factor 15, exosomes, adipose tissue, brain function, and food preferences after BS, so as to fully understand the actual working mechanisms of BS and provide nonsurgical therapeutic strategies for obesity and T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengsha Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Hospital Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Mingyue Han
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ruishuang Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Z, Yuan H, Chu H, Yang L. The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Bile Acids Promotes the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2059. [PMID: 37630619 PMCID: PMC10459427 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently the roles of gut microbiota are highly regarded in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The intestinal bacteria regulate the metabolism of bile acids depending on bile salt hydrolase (BSH), 7-dehydroxylation, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDH), or amide conjugation reaction, thus exerting effects on NAFLD development through bile acid receptors such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR), Takeda G-protein-coupled bile acid protein 5 (TGR5), and vitamin D receptor (VDR), which modulate nutrient metabolism and insulin sensitivity via interacting with downstream molecules. Reversely, the composition of gut microbiota is also affected by the level of bile acids in turn. We summarize the mutual regulation between the specific bacteria and bile acids in NAFLD and the latest clinical research based on microbiota and bile acids, which facilitate the development of novel treatment modalities in NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China; (Z.L.); (H.Y.); (H.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lammert M, Medawar E, Hartmann H, Grasser L, Dietrich A, Fenske W, Horstmann A. Distinct adaptations of endocrine and cognitive functions may contribute to high variability in long-term weight loss outcome after bariatric surgery. Physiol Behav 2023:114279. [PMID: 37356514 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery has been widely recognized as the most efficient long-term treatment method in severe obesity, yet therapy success shows considerable interindividual variability. Postoperative metabolic adaptations, including improved gut hormone secretion (GLP-1, PYY and ghrelin), and restored executive function may play an explanatory role in weight loss, yet causes for poor success in individual patients remain unknown. This study investigates gut-hormonal and cognitive characteristics in extreme weight loss responders to bariatric surgery. METHODS Patients (n=47) with high or low excessive weight loss (EWL) at least 2 years after Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy were allocated into good responders (GR, EWL 82.4 ± 11.6%) and poor responders (PR, EWL 24.0 ± SD 12.8%) to study differences in postprandial secretion of GLP-1, PYY, ghrelin and in working memory (WM). RESULTS Mean BMI was 47.1 ± 6.2 kg/m² in PR (n=21) and 28.9 ± 3.1 kg/m² in GR (n=26, p < 0.001). Fasted GLP-1 and PYY were comparable for GR and PR (p > 0.2) and increased strongly after a standardized test meal (300 kcal liquid meal) with a peak at 15 to 30 minutes. The increase was stronger in GR compared to PR (GLP-1, PYY: Time x Group p < 0.05). Plasma ghrelin levels already differed between groups at fasted state, showing significantly higher levels for GR (p < 0.05). Postprandially, ghrelin secretion was suppressed in both groups, but suppression was higher in GR (Time x Group p < 0.05). GR showed significantly higher WM scores than PR (p < 0.05). Postprandial ghrelin (iAUC), but not GLP-1 or PYY plasma levels, significantly mediated the relationship between EWL and a WM subscore (IS score, CI = 0.07 - 1.68), but not WM main score (MIS score, CI = -0.07 - 1.54), in mediation analyses. CONCLUSION Excess weight loss success after bariatric surgical procedures is associated with distinct profiles of gut-hormones at fasted and postprandial state, and differences in working memory. Better working memory performance in GR might be mediated by higher postprandial reduction in ghrelin plasma levels. Future studies need to integrate longitudinal data, larger samples and more sensitive cognitive tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathis Lammert
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Centre, Collaborative Research Centre 1052-A5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Evelyn Medawar
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Hartmann
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Centre, Collaborative Research Centre 1052-A5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Linda Grasser
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Department of Obesity, Metabolic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Fenske
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Centre, Collaborative Research Centre 1052-A5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zecheng L, Donghai L, Runchuan G, Yuan Q, Qi J, Yijia Z, Shuaman R, Xiaoqi L, Yi W, Ni M, Yijin Q, Liang P, Jun W. Fecal microbiota transplantation in obesity metabolism: a META analysis and systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023:110803. [PMID: 37356723 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on microbiota engraftment in patients with metabolic syndrome remains unclear. This systematic review employed a meta-analysis of RCTs for assessment on the role of FMT in treating obesity and metabolic syndrome, and its impact on clinically relevant parameters. METHOD Major databases and grey literatures were searched identifying RCTs comparing FMT of lean donors with placebo in obese/metabolic syndrome patients. Studies using any form of placebo were included. Variations in the parameters before and after treatment were calculated followed by meta-analyses. RESULT Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and a total of 334 patients were included for further analysis. Clinically significant parameters associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome were explored and FMT was identified significantly and negatively associated with most indices of abdominal adiposity including caloric intake, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides and CRP, Obesity parameters including fasting glucose and acetic acid were increased following FMT. CONCLUSION FMT is more advantageous for obese patients with elevated blood pressure, disordered glucose and insulin metabolism, and elevated blood lipids. The study of metabolic factors in obese patients will be our starting point in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zecheng
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Donghai
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Gu Runchuan
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Qiao Yuan
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Yijia
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Shuaman
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Xiaoqi
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Mao Ni
- Faculty of Medicine, University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Yijin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Wang Jun
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hankir MK, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Springer R, Hoffmann A, Vogel J, Seyfried F, Arora T. Gut Microbiota Contribution to Weight-Independent Glycemic Improvements after Gastric Bypass Surgery. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0510922. [PMID: 37022171 PMCID: PMC10269853 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05109-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) leads to improved glycemic control in individuals with severe obesity beyond the effects of weight loss alone. Here, We addressed the potential contribution of gut microbiota in mediating this favourable surgical outcome by using an established preclinical model of RYGB. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that RYGB-treated Zucker fatty rats had altered fecal composition of various bacteria at the phylum and species levels, including lower fecal abundance of an unidentified Erysipelotrichaceae species, compared with both sham-operated (Sham) and body weight-matched to RYGB-treated (BWM) rats. Correlation analysis further revealed that fecal abundance of this unidentified Erysipelotrichaceae species linked with multiple indices of glycemic control uniquely in RYGB-treated rats. Sequence alignment of this Erysipelotrichaceae species identified Longibaculum muris to be the most closely related species, and its fecal abundance positively correlated with oral glucose intolerance in RYGB-treated rats. In fecal microbiota transplant experiments, the improved oral glucose tolerance of RYGB-treated compared with BWM rats could partially be transferred to recipient germfree mice, independently of body weight. Unexpectedly, providing L. muris as a supplement to RYGB recipient mice further improved oral glucose tolerance, while administering L. muris alone to chow-fed or Western style diet-challenged conventionally raised mice had minimal metabolic impact. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that the gut microbiota contributes to weight loss-independent improvements in glycemic control after RYGB and demonstrate how correlation of a specific gut microbiota species with a host metabolic trait does not imply causation. IMPORTANCE Metabolic surgery remains the most effective treatment modality for severe obesity and its comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a commonly performed type of metabolic surgery that reconfigures gastrointestinal anatomy and profoundly remodels the gut microbiota. While it is clear that RYGB is superior to dieting when it comes to improving glycemic control, the extent to which the gut microbiota contributes to this effect remains untested. In the present study, we uniquely linked fecal Erysipelotrichaceae species, including Longibaculum muris, with indices of glycemic control after RYGB in genetically obese and glucose-intolerant rats. We further show that the weight loss-independent improvements in glycemic control in RYGB-treated rats can be transmitted via their gut microbiota to germfree mice. Our findings provide rare causal evidence that the gut microbiota contributes to the health benefits of metabolic surgery and have implications for the development of gut microbiota-based treatments for type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed K. Hankir
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Petia Kovatcheva-Datchary
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Springer
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Annett Hoffmann
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Vogel
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Seyfried
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Tulika Arora
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Khakisahneh S, Zhang XY, Han SY, Song EJ, Nam YD, Kim H. Yijung-tang improves thermogenesis and reduces inflammation associated with gut microbiota in hypothyroid rats. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:32. [PMID: 37270649 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, considerable attention is focused on exploring the potential relationship between herbal medicine (HM) and the gut microbiome in terms of thermoregulation, which is an important aspect of human health, in modern system biology. However, our knowledge of the mechanisms of HM in thermoregulation is inadequate. Here, we demonstrate that the canonical herbal formula, Yijung-tang (YJT), protects against hypothermia, hyperinflammation, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in PTU-induced hypothyroid rats. Notably, these properties were associated with alterations in the gut microbiota and signaling crosstalk between the thermoregulatory and inflammatory mediators in the small intestine and brown adipose tissue (BAT). In contrast to the conventional drug L-thyroxine for curing hypothyroidism, YJT has an efficacy for attenuating systematic inflammatory responses, related with depression in intestinal TLR4 and Nod2/Pglyrp1 signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that YJT could promote BAT thermogenesis and prevent systemic inflammation in PTU-induced hypothyroid rats, which was associated with its prebiotic effect on modulating of the gut microbiota and gene expression with relevance in the enteroendocrine function and innate immune systems. These findings may strengthen the rationale of the microbiota-gut-BAT axis for a paradigm shift to enable holobiont-centric medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Khakisahneh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Song-Yi Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Song
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 245, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 245, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhu T, Chen X, Jiang S. Progress and obstacles in transplantation of brown adipose tissue or engineered cells with thermogenic potential for metabolic benefits. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1191278. [PMID: 37265692 PMCID: PMC10230949 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1191278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), engineered thermogenic progenitor cells, and adipocytes have received much attention for the improvement of obesity and metabolic disorders. However, even though the thermogenic and metabolic potential exists early after transplantation, the whitening of the brown fat graft occurs with metabolic function significantly impaired. In this review, specific experiment designs, graft outcomes, and metabolic benefits for the transplantation of BAT or engineered cells will be discussed. The current advancements will offer guidance to further investigation, and the obstacles appearing in previous studies will require innovation of BAT transplantation methods.
Collapse
|
22
|
Guzzardi MA, La Rosa F, Iozzo P. Trust the gut: outcomes of gut microbiota transplant in metabolic and cognitive disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105143. [PMID: 36990372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a main public health concern, with increasing prevalence and growingly premature onset in children, in spite of emerging and successful therapeutic options. T2DM promotes brain aging, and younger age at onset is associated with a higher risk of subsequent dementia. Preventive strategies should address predisposing conditions, like obesity and metabolic syndrome, and be started from very early and even prenatal life. Gut microbiota is an emerging target in obesity, diabetes and neurocognitive diseases, which could be safely modulated since pregnancy and infancy. Many correlative studies have supported its involvement in disease pathophysiology. Faecal material transplantation (FMT) studies have been conducted in clinical and preclinical settings to deliver cause-effect proof and mechanistic insights. This review provides a comprehensive overview of studies in which FMT was used to cure or cause obesity, metabolic syndrome, T2DM, cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease, including the evidence available in early life. Findings were analysed to dissect consolidated from controversial results, highlighting gaps and possible future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angela Guzzardi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), the National Research Council (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federica La Rosa
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), the National Research Council (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), the National Research Council (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jin L, Dang H, Wu J, Yuan L, Chen X, Yao J. Supplementation of Weizmannia coagulans BC2000 and Ellagic Acid Inhibits High-Fat-Induced Hypercholesterolemia by Promoting Liver Primary Bile Acid Biosynthesis and Intestinal Cholesterol Excretion in Mice. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020264. [PMID: 36838229 PMCID: PMC9964488 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The probiotic Weizmannia coagulans (W. coagulans) BC2000 can increase the abundance of intestinal transforming ellagic acid (EA) bacteria and inhibit metabolic disorders caused by hyperlipidemia by activating liver autophagy. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of W. coagulans BC2000 and EA on hyperlipidemia-induced cholesterol metabolism disorders. C57BL/6J mice (n = 10 in each group) were fed a low-fat diet, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD supplemented with EA, HFD supplemented with EA and W. coagulans BC77, HFD supplemented with EA, and W. coagulans BC2000. EA and W. coagulans BC2000 supplementation prevented HFD-induced hypercholesterolemia and promoted fecal cholesterol excretion. Transcriptome analysis showed that primary bile acid biosynthesis in the liver was significantly activated by EA and W. coagulans BC2000 treatments. EA and W. coagulans BC2000 treatment also significantly increased the intestinal Eggerthellaceae abundance and the liver EA metabolites, iso-urolithin A, Urolithin A, and Urolithin B. Therefore, W. coagulans BC2000 supplementation promoted the intestinal transformation of EA, which led to the upregulation of liver bile synthesis, thus preventing hypercholesterolemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Jin
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Probiotics Institute, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hongyang Dang
- College Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jinyong Wu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lixia Yuan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiangsong Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jianming Yao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (J.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Freitas IN, da Silva Jr JA, de Oliveira KM, Lourençoni Alves B, Dos Reis Araújo T, Camporez JP, Carneiro EM, Davel AP. Insights by which TUDCA is a potential therapy against adiposity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1090039. [PMID: 36896173 PMCID: PMC9989466 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1090039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an organ with metabolic and endocrine activity. White, brown and ectopic adipose tissues have different structure, location, and function. Adipose tissue regulates energy homeostasis, providing energy in nutrient-deficient conditions and storing it in high-supply conditions. To attend to the high demand for energy storage during obesity, the adipose tissue undergoes morphological, functional and molecular changes. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been evidenced as a molecular hallmark of metabolic disorders. In this sense, the ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a bile acid conjugated to taurine with chemical chaperone activity, has emerged as a therapeutic strategy to minimize adipose tissue dysfunction and metabolic alterations associated with obesity. In this review, we highlight the effects of TUDCA and receptors TGR5 and FXR on adipose tissue in the setting of obesity. TUDCA has been demonstrated to limit metabolic disturbs associated to obesity by inhibiting ER stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in adipocytes. The beneficial effect of TUDCA on perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) function and adiponectin release may be related to cardiovascular protection in obesity, although more studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms. Therefore, TUDCA has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity and comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israelle Netto Freitas
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - João Paulo Camporez
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Everardo Magalhães Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Davel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ana Paula Davel,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu Y, Zhong X, Lin S, Xu H, Liang X, Wang Y, Xu J, Wang K, Guo X, Wang J, Yu M, Li C, Xie C. Limosilactobacillus reuteri and caffeoylquinic acid synergistically promote adipose browning and ameliorate obesity-associated disorders. Microbiome 2022; 10:226. [PMID: 36517893 PMCID: PMC9753294 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High intake of caffeoylquinic acid (CQA)-rich dietary supplements, such as green coffee bean extracts, offers health-promoting effects on maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Similar to many active herbal ingredients with high pharmacological activities but low bioavailability, CQA has been reported as a promising thermogenic agent with anti-obesity properties, which contrasts with its poor oral absorption. Intestinal tract is the first site of CQA exposure and gut microbes might react quickly to CQA. Thus, it is of interest to explore the role of gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in the beneficial effects of CQA on obesity-related disorders. RESULTS Oral CQA supplementation effectively enhanced energy expenditure by activating browning of adipose and thus ameliorated obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions in high fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Here, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that CQA treatment remodeled the gut microbiota to promote its anti-obesity actions, as confirmed by antibiotic treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation. CQA enriched the gut commensal species Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) and stimulated the production of short-chain fatty acids, especially propionate. Mono-colonization of L. reuteri or low-dose CQA treatment did not reduce adiposity in DIO mice, while their combination elicited an enhanced thermogenic response, indicating the synergistic effects of CQA and L. reuteri on obesity. Exogenous propionate supplementation mimicked the anti-obesity effects of CQA alone or when combined with L. reuteri, which was ablated by the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitor 7ACC1 or MCT1 disruption in inguinal white adipose tissues to block propionate transport. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate a functional axis among L. reuteri, propionate, and beige fat tissue in the anti-obesity action of CQA through the regulation of thermogenesis. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the therapeutic use of herbal ingredients with poor bioavailability via their interaction with the gut microbiota. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianchun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Suqin Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualing Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Kanglong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuina Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Cen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shen B, Zhou C, Gu T, Shen Z, Guo Y, Dai W, Liu Y, Zhang J, Lu L, Dong H. Kuhuang alleviates liver fibrosis by modulating gut microbiota-mediated hepatic IFN signaling and bile acid synthesis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1080226. [PMID: 36582518 PMCID: PMC9792617 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1080226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver fibrosis is a common outcome of the pathological progression of chronic liver disease; however, no specific and effective therapeutic agent has been approved for its treatment. We investigated the effects of Kuhuang on liver fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms of action. Materials and methods: To induce hepatic fibrosis, either 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-collidine (DDC) diet was administered, or bile duct ligation (BDL) surgery was performed on C57BL/6 mice. Kuhuang was orally administered to mice for 7 days before and after bile duct ligation or 4 weeks with a DDC diet. Hematoxylin and eosin, Sirius red staining, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate hepatic pathology. Hepatic interferon-β (IFN-β) levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RNA sequencing was performed to examine the gene expression profiles of liver tissues. The mRNA expression of inflammatory, profibrotic, and bile acid (BA)-related genes was further validated by qRT-PCR. A targeted metabolomics assay revealed the alteration of the hepatic bile acid (BA) composition. The composition of the gut microbiota was determined via 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: Treatment with Kuhuang attenuated liver fibrosis and reduced the inflammatory response in bile duct ligation and DDC mouse models. In addition, the hepatic IFN signaling pathway was activated following Kuhuang treatment. Kuhuang treatment also significantly decreased hepatic levels of both primary and secondary BAs. In addition, Kuhuang treatment altered gut microbiota composition, with an increased abundance of interferon-inducing Akkermansia and decreased abundance of bile salt hydrolase-producing Lactobacillus, Clostridium, and Bifidobacterium. Furthermore, the abundance of Akkermansia was positively correlated with the hepatic mRNA expression levels of Ifna4, Ifnb, and Isg15, whereas that of Lactobacillus, Clostridium - sensu - stricto - 1, and Bifidobacterium was positively correlated with levels of bile acid synthesis-related genes. Conclusion: Our results suggest that Kuhuang plays a protective role during the progression of liver fibrosis, potentially by altering the composition of the gut microbiota, which consequently activates interferon signaling and inhibits bile acid synthesis in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyang Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuecheng Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiming Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Suzhou Leiyunshang Pharmacology Group, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Suzhou Leiyunshang Pharmacology Group, Shanghai, China
| | - Lungen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Lungen Lu, ; Hui Dong,
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Lungen Lu, ; Hui Dong,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xia Y, Ren M, Yang J, Cai C, Cheng W, Zhou X, Lu D, Ji F. Gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in NAFLD and after bariatric surgery: Correlation and causality. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1003755. [PMID: 36204626 PMCID: PMC9531827 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1003755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently related to a heavy socioeconomic burden and increased incidence. Since obesity is the most prevalent risk factor for NAFLD, weight loss is an effective therapeutic solution. Bariatric surgery (BS), which can achieve long-term weight loss, improves the overall health of patients with NAFLD. The two most common surgeries are the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. The gut-liver axis is the complex network of cross-talking between the gut, its microbiome, and the liver. The gut microbiome, involved in the homeostasis of the gut-liver axis, is believed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the metabolic improvement after BS. Alterations in the gut microbiome in NAFLD have been confirmed compared to that in healthy individuals. The mechanisms linking the gut microbiome to NAFLD have been proposed, including increased intestinal permeability, higher energy intake, and other pathophysiological alterations. Interestingly, several correlation studies suggested that the gut microbial signatures after BS become more similar to those of lean, healthy controls than that of patients with NAFLD. The resolution of NAFLD after BS is related to changes in the gut microbiome and its metabolites. However, confirming a causal link remains challenging. This review summarizes characteristics of the gut microbiome in patients with NAFLD before and after BS and accumulates existing evidence about the underlying mechanisms of the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinpu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changzhou Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weixin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Ji,
| |
Collapse
|