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Ávila-Martínez DV, Mixtega-Ruiz WK, Hurtado-Capetillo JM, Lopez-Franco O, Flores-Muñoz M. Counter-regulatory RAS peptides: new therapy targets for inflammation and fibrotic diseases? Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1377113. [PMID: 38666016 PMCID: PMC11044688 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1377113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important cascade of enzymes and peptides that regulates blood pressure, volume, and electrolytes. Within this complex system of reactions, its counter-regulatory axis has attracted attention, which has been associated with the pathophysiology of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. This review article analyzes the impact of different components of the counter-regulatory axis of the RAS on different pathologies. Of these peptides, Angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin-(1-9) and alamandine have been evaluated in a wide variety of in vitro and in vivo studies, where not only they counteract the actions of the classical axis, but also exhibit independent anti-inflammatory and fibrotic actions when binding to specific receptors, mainly in heart, kidney, and lung. Other functional peptides are also addressed, which despite no reports associated with inflammation and fibrosis to date were found, they could represent a potential target of study. Furthermore, the association of agonists of the counter-regulatory axis is analyzed, highlighting their contribution to the modulation of the inflammatory response counteracting the development of fibrotic events. This article shows an overview of the importance of the RAS in the resolution of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, offering an understanding of the individual components as potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana V Ávila-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Wendy K Mixtega-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | | | - Oscar Lopez-Franco
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Mónica Flores-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
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Deng Y, Ding W, Peng Q, Wang W, Duan R, Zhang Y. Advancement in Beneficial Effects of AVE 0991: A Brief Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:139-158. [PMID: 36998128 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230328134932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
AVE 0991, a non-peptide analogue of Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], is orally active and physiologically well tolerated. Several studies have demonstrated that AVE 0991 improves glucose and lipid metabolism, and contains anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrosis, and anti-oxidant effects. Numerous preclinical studies have also reported that AVE 0991 appears to have beneficial effects on a variety of systemic diseases, including cardiovascular, liver, kidney, cancer, diabetes, and nervous system diseases. This study searched multiple literature databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and the ClinicalTrials.gov website from the establishment to October 2022, using AVE 0991 as a keyword. This literature search revealed that AVE 0991 could play different roles via various signaling pathways. However, the potential mechanisms of these effects need further elucidation. This review summarizes the benefits of AVE 0991 in several medical problems, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper also describes the underlying mechanisms of AVE 0991, giving in-depth insights and perspectives on the pharmaceutical value of AVE 0991 in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wangli Ding
- School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Yingdong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
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Molaei A, Molaei E, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Mas receptor: a potential strategy in the management of ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Cell Cycle 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37365840 PMCID: PMC10361149 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2228089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MasR is a critical element in the RAS accessory pathway that protects the heart against myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and pathological remodeling by counteracting the effects of AT1R. This receptor is mainly stimulated by Ang 1-7, which is a bioactive metabolite of the angiotensin produced by ACE2. MasR activation attenuates ischemia-related myocardial damage by facilitating vasorelaxation, improving cell metabolism, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, inhibiting thrombosis, and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaque. It also prevents pathological cardiac remodeling by suppressing hypertrophy- and fibrosis-inducing signals. In addition, the potential of MasR in lowering blood pressure, improving blood glucose and lipid profiles, and weight loss has made it effective in modulating risk factors for coronary artery disease including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Considering these properties, the administration of MasR agonists offers a promising approach to the prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease.Abbreviations: Acetylcholine (Ach); AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK); Angiotensin (Ang); Angiotensin receptor (ATR); Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB); Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE); Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI); Anti-PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain containing 16 (PRDM16); bradykinin (BK); Calcineurin (CaN); cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB); Catalase (CAT); C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2); Chloride channel 3 (CIC3); c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK); Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36); Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART); Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF); Coronary artery disease (CAD); Creatine phosphokinase (CPK); C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10); Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR); Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS); Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2); Fatty acid transport protein (FATP); Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21); Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1); Glucokinase (Gk); Glucose transporter (GLUT); Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β); High density lipoprotein (HDL); High sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP); Inositol trisphosphate (IP3); Interleukin (IL); Ischemic heart disease (IHD); Janus kinase (JAK); Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4); Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP); Left ventricular end-systolic pressure (LVESP); Lipoprotein lipase (LPL); L-NG-Nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME); Low density lipoprotein (LDL); Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR); Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors (Mrgpr); Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP); MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1); Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1); NADPH oxidase (NOX); Neuropeptide FF (NPFF); Neutral endopeptidase (NEP); Nitric oxide (NO); Nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB); Nuclear-factor of activated T-cells (NFAT); Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1); Peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor γ (PPARγ); Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3k); Phospholipase C (PLC); Prepro-orexin (PPO); Prolyl-endopeptidase (PEP); Prostacyclin (PGI2); Protein kinase B (Akt); Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Renin-angiotensin system (RAS); Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK); Serum amyloid A (SAA); Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT); Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1); Slit guidance ligand 3 (Slit3); Smooth muscle 22α (SM22α); Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1c); Stromal-derived factor-1a (SDF); Superoxide dismutase (SOD); Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); Tissue factor (TF); Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4); Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1); Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α); Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1); Ventrolateral medulla (VLM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Molaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Emad Molaei
- PharmD, Assistant of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Tanrıverdi LH, Özhan O, Ulu A, Yıldız A, Ateş B, Vardı N, Acet HA, Parlakpinar H. Activation of the Mas receptors by AVE0991 and MrgD receptor using alamandine to limit the deleterious effects of Ang II-induced hypertension. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:60-74. [PMID: 36117326 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The MrgD receptor agonist, alamandine (ALA) and Mas receptor agonist, AVE0991 have recently been identified as protective components of the renin-angiotensin system. We evaluated the effects of ALA and AVE0991 on cardiovascular function and remodeling in angiotensin (Ang) II-induced hypertension in rats. Sprague Dawley rats were subject to 4-week subcutaneous infusions of Ang II (80 ng/kg/min) or saline after which they were treated with ALA (50 μg/kg), AVE0991 (576 μg/kg), or ALA+AVE0991 during the last 2 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) values were recorded with tail-cuff plethysmography at 1, 15, and 29 days post-treatment. After euthanization, the heart and thoracic aorta were removed for further analysis and vascular responses. SBP significantly increased in the Ang II group when compared to the control group. Furthermore, Ang II also caused an increase in cardiac and aortic cyclophilin-A (CYP-A), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and cardiomyocyte degeneration but produced a decrease in vascular relaxation. HR, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9, NADPH oxidase-4, and lysyl oxidase levels were comparable among groups. ALA, AVE0991, and the drug combination produced antihypertensive effects and alleviated vascular responses. The inflammatory and oxidative stress related to cardiac MCP-1 and CYP-A levels decreased in the Ang II+ALA+AVE0991 group. Vascular but not cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 levels decreased with Ang II administration but were similar to the Ang II+ALA+AVE0991 group. Our experimental data showed the combination of ALA and AVE0991 was found beneficial in Ang II-induced hypertension in rats by reducing SBP, oxidative stress, inflammation, and improving vascular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Onural Özhan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Ulu
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Azibe Yıldız
- Department of Histology and Medical Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Burhan Ateş
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Nigar Vardı
- Department of Histology and Medical Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Hacı Ahmet Acet
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
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Rodrigues KE, Azevedo A, Gonçalves PR, Pontes MHB, Alves GM, Oliveira RR, Amarante CB, Issa JPM, Gerlach RF, Prado AF. Doxycycline Decreases Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Aorta of ApoE-⁄- and Ovariectomized Mice with Correlation to Reduced MMP-2 Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052532. [PMID: 35269673 PMCID: PMC8910467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherogenic events promote changes in vessel walls, with alteration of the redox state, and increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Thus, this study aims to evaluate aortic remodeling, MMP activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels after treatment with doxycycline in ApoE-⁄- and ovariectomized mice (OVX). Female ApoE-⁄--knockout mice (5 weeks) were submitted to ovariectomy surgery to induce experimental menopause. They then received chow enriched with 1% cholesterol to induce hypercholesterolemia. The animals were divided into two experimental groups: ApoE-⁄-/OVX vehicle and ApoE-⁄-/OVX doxycycline (30 mg/kg) administered by gavage once a day for 28 days (15th to the 18th week of life). Blood samples were collected to measure total cholesterol and fractions. The aorta was used for morphometry and to measure the activity and expression of MMP-2 and ROS levels. The ApoE-⁄-/OVX doxycycline group showed no change in total and fraction cholesterol levels. However, there was a reduction in ROS levels, MMP-2 expression, and activity that correlated with a decrease in atherosclerotic lesions relative to the ApoE-⁄-/OVX vehicle (p > 0.05). Therefore, we conclude that doxycycline in ApoE-⁄-/OVX animals promotes a reduction in atherosclerotic lesions by reducing ROS and MMP-2 activity and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keuri E. Rodrigues
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.E.R.); (P.R.G.); (M.H.B.P.); (G.M.A.); (R.R.O.)
| | - Aline Azevedo
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Locomotor Apparatus Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Pricila R. Gonçalves
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.E.R.); (P.R.G.); (M.H.B.P.); (G.M.A.); (R.R.O.)
| | - Maria H. B. Pontes
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.E.R.); (P.R.G.); (M.H.B.P.); (G.M.A.); (R.R.O.)
| | - Gustavo M. Alves
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.E.R.); (P.R.G.); (M.H.B.P.); (G.M.A.); (R.R.O.)
| | - Ruan R. Oliveira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.E.R.); (P.R.G.); (M.H.B.P.); (G.M.A.); (R.R.O.)
| | - Cristine B. Amarante
- Coordination of Earth Sciences and Ecology, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belem 66077-830, PA, Brazil;
| | - João P. M. Issa
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (FORP/USP), Ribeirao Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (J.P.M.I.); (R.F.G.)
| | - Raquel F. Gerlach
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (FORP/USP), Ribeirao Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (J.P.M.I.); (R.F.G.)
| | - Alejandro F. Prado
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.E.R.); (P.R.G.); (M.H.B.P.); (G.M.A.); (R.R.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Faria BCD, Sacramento LGG, Filipin CSA, da Cruz AF, Nagata SN, Silva ACSE. An analysis of chronic kidney disease as a prognostic factor in pediatric cases of COVID-19. J Bras Nefrol 2021; 43:400-409. [PMID: 33704348 PMCID: PMC8428649 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2020-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced age is a risk factor for severe infection by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Children, however, often present with milder manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Associations have been found between COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Patients with the latter condition present more severe involvement. Adults with comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more severely affected. This narrative review aimed to look into whether CKD contributed to more severe involvement in pediatric patients with COVID-19. The studies included in this review did not report severe cases or deaths, and indicated that pediatric patients with CKD and previously healthy children recovered quickly from infection. However, some patients with MIS-C required hospitalization in intensive care units and a few died, although it was not possible to correlate MIS-C and CKD. Conversely, adults with CKD reportedly had increased risk of severe infection by SARS-CoV-2 and higher death rates. The discrepancies seen between age groups may be due to immune system and renin-angiotensin system differences, with more pronounced expression of ACE2 in children. Immunosuppressant therapy has not been related with positive or negative effects in individuals with COVID-19, although current recommendations establish decreases in the dosage of some medications. To sum up with, CKD was not associated with more severe involvement in children diagnosed with COVID-19. Studies enrolling larger populations are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aniel Feitosa da Cruz
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Belo
Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Sarah Naomi Nagata
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Belo
Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina,
Departamento de Pediatria, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Poznyak AV, Bharadwaj D, Prasad G, Grechko AV, Sazonova MA, Orekhov AN. Renin-Angiotensin System in Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and Treatment of CVD. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136702. [PMID: 34206708 PMCID: PMC8269397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis has complex pathogenesis, which involves at least three serious aspects: inflammation, lipid metabolism alterations, and endothelial injury. There are no effective treatment options, as well as preventive measures for atherosclerosis. However, this disease has various severe complications, the most severe of which is cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is important to note, that CVD is among the leading causes of death worldwide. The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is an important part of inflammatory response regulation. This system contributes to the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the injured site and stimulates the production of various cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-a, and COX-2. There is also an association between RAAS and oxidative stress, which is also an important player in atherogenesis. Angiotensin-II induces plaque formation at early stages, and this is one of the most crucial impacts on atherogenesis from the RAAS. Importantly, while stimulating the production of ROS, Angiotensin-II at the same time decreases the generation of NO. The endothelium is known as a major contributor to vascular function. Oxidative stress is the main trigger of endothelial dysfunction, and, once again, links RAAS to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. All these implications of RAAS in atherogenesis lead to an explicable conclusion that elements of RAAS can be promising targets for atherosclerosis treatment. In this review, we also summarize the data on treatment approaches involving cytokine targeting in CVD, which can contribute to a better understanding of atherogenesis and even its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V. Poznyak
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi 110067, India;
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India;
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India;
| | - Andrey V. Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 14-3 Solyanka Street, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Margarita A. Sazonova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
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8
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Silva GM, França-Falcão MS, Calzerra NTM, Luz MS, Gadelha DDA, Balarini CM, Queiroz TM. Role of Renin-Angiotensin System Components in Atherosclerosis: Focus on Ang-II, ACE2, and Ang-1-7. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1067. [PMID: 33013457 PMCID: PMC7494970 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of vascular disease worldwide and contributes significantly to deaths from cardiovascular complications. There is a remarkably close relationship between atherosclerotic plaque formation and the activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS). However, depending on which RAS pathway is activated, pro- or anti-atherogenic outcomes may be observed. This brief review focuses on the role of three of the most important pieces of RAS axis, angiotensin II (Ang-II), angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2), and angiotensin 1-7 (Ang-1-7) and their involvement in atherosclerosis. We focused on the effects of these molecules on vascular function and inflammation, which are important determinants of atherogenesis. Furthermore, we highlighted potential pharmacological approaches to treat this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mickael S Luz
- Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Camille M Balarini
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Thyago M Queiroz
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
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de Souza-Neto FP, Carvalho Santuchi M, de Morais E Silva M, Campagnole-Santos MJ, da Silva RF. Angiotensin-(1-7) and Alamandine on Experimental Models of Hypertension and Atherosclerosis. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018. [PMID: 29541937 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on the role of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] and alamandine in experimental hypertension and atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a very complex system, composed of a cascade of enzymes, peptides, and receptors, known to be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension and atherosclerosis. Ang-(1-7), identified and characterized in 1987, and alamandine, discovered 16 years after, are the newest two main effector molecules from the RAS, protecting the vascular system against hypertension and atherosclerosis. While the beneficial effects of Ang-(1-7) have been widely studied in several experimental models of hypertension, much less studies were performed in experimental models of atherosclerosis. Alamandine has shown similar vascular effects to Ang-(1-7), namely, endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation mediated by nitric oxide and hypotensive effects in experimental hypertension. There are few studies on the effects of alamandine on atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pedro de Souza-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos. 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Melissa Carvalho Santuchi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos. 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mario de Morais E Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos. 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria José Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos. 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Fernandes da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos. 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Nehme A, Zibara K. Efficiency and specificity of RAAS inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases: how to achieve better end-organ protection? Hypertens Res 2017; 40:903-909. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2017.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Skiba DS, Nosalski R, Mikolajczyk TP, Siedlinski M, Rios FJ, Montezano AC, Jawien J, Olszanecki R, Korbut R, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Touyz RM, Guzik TJ. Anti-atherosclerotic effect of the angiotensin 1-7 mimetic AVE0991 is mediated by inhibition of perivascular and plaque inflammation in early atherosclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4055-4069. [PMID: 27935022 PMCID: PMC5659999 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inflammation plays a key role in atherosclerosis. The protective role of angiotensin 1-7 (Ang-(1-7)) in vascular pathologies suggested the therapeutic use of low MW, non-peptide Ang-(1-7) mimetics, such as AVE0991. The mechanisms underlying the vaso-protective effects of AVE0991, a Mas receptor agonist, remain to be explored. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the effects of AVE0991 on the spontaneous atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-/- mice, in the context of vascular inflammation and plaque stability. KEY RESULTS AVE0991 has significant anti-atherosclerotic properties in ApoE-/- mice and increases plaque stability, by reducing plaque macrophage content, without effects on collagen. Using the descending aorta of chow-fed ApoE-/- mice, before significant atherosclerotic plaque develops, we gained insight to early events in atherosclerosis. Interestingly, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and adventitial infiltration with macrophages and T-cells precedes atherosclerotic plaque or the impairment of endothelium-dependent NO bioavailability (a measure of endothelial function). AVE0991 inhibited perivascular inflammation, by reducing chemokine expression in PVAT and through direct actions on monocytes/macrophages inhibiting their activation, characterized by production of IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL2 and CXCL10, and differentiation to M1 phenotype. Pretreatment with AVE0991 inhibited migration of THP-1 monocytes towards supernatants of activated adipocytes (SW872). Mas receptors were expressed in PVAT and in THP-1 cells in vitro, and the anti-inflammatory effects of AVE0991 were partly Mas dependent. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The selective Mas receptor agonist AVE0991 exhibited anti-atherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory actions, affecting monocyte/macrophage differentiation and recruitment to the perivascular space during early stages of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Skiba
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Krakow, Poland.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - R Nosalski
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Krakow, Poland.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - T P Mikolajczyk
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Krakow, Poland.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - M Siedlinski
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Krakow, Poland
| | - F J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - A C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - J Jawien
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Olszanecki
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Korbut
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Czesnikiewicz-Guzik
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Krakow, Poland
| | - R M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - T J Guzik
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Krakow, Poland.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
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Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is recognized as a new bioactive peptide in renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Ang-(1-7) is a counter-regulatory mediator of Ang-II which appears to be protective against cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have found that Ang-(1-7) played an important role in reducing smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, improving endothelial function and regulating lipid metabolism, leading to inhibition of atherosclerotic lesions and increase of plaque stability. Although clinical application of Ang-(1-7) is restricted due to its pharmacokinetic properties, identification of stabilized compounds, including more stable analogues and specific delivery compounds, has enabled clinical application of Ang-(1-7). In this review, we discussed recent findings concerning the biological role of Ang-(1-7) and related mechanism during atherosclerosis development. In addition, we highlighted the perspective to develop therapeutic strategies using Ang-(1-7) to treat atherosclerosis.
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Collins HL, Drazul-Schrader D, Sulpizio AC, Koster PD, Williamson Y, Adelman SJ, Owen K, Sanli T, Bellamine A. L-Carnitine intake and high trimethylamine N-oxide plasma levels correlate with low aortic lesions in ApoE(-/-) transgenic mice expressing CETP. Atherosclerosis 2015; 244:29-37. [PMID: 26584136 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary l-carnitine can be metabolized by intestinal microbiota to trimethylamine, which is absorbed by the gut and further oxidized to trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the liver. TMAO plasma levels have been associated with atherosclerosis development in ApoE(-/-) mice. To better understand the mechanisms behind this association, we conducted in vitro and in vivo studies looking at the effect of TMAO on different steps of atherosclerotic disease progression. METHODS J774 mouse macrophage cells were used to evaluate the effect of TMAO on foam cell formation. Male ApoE(-/-) mice transfected with human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (hCETP) were fed l-carnitine and/or methimazole, a flavin monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) inhibitor that prevents the formation of TMAO. Following 12 week treatment, l-carnitine and TMAO plasma levels, aortic lesion development, and lipid profiles were determined. RESULTS TMAO at concentrations up to 10-fold the Cmax reported in humans did not affect in vitro foam cell formation. In ApoE(-/-)mice expressing hCETP, high doses of l-carnitine resulted in a significant increase in plasma TMAO levels. Surprisingly, and independently from treatment group, TMAO levels inversely correlated with aortic lesion size in both aortic root and thoracic aorta. High TMAO levels were found to significantly correlate with smaller aortic lesion area. Plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels did not change with treatment nor with TMAO levels, suggesting that the observed effects on lesion area were independent from lipid changes. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that TMAO slows aortic lesion formation in this mouse model and may have a protective effect against atherosclerosis development in humans.
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