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Gryb D, Wendisch FJ, Aigner A, Gölz T, Tittl A, de S. Menezes L, Maier SA. Two-Dimensional Chiral Metasurfaces Obtained by Geometrically Simple Meta-atom Rotations. Nano Lett 2023; 23:8891-8897. [PMID: 37726256 PMCID: PMC10571149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional chiral metasurfaces seem to contradict Lord Kelvin's geometric definition of chirality since they can be made to coincide by performing rotational operations. Nevertheless, most planar chiral metasurface designs often use complex meta-atom shapes to create flat versions of three-dimensional helices, although the visual appearance does not improve their chiroptical response but complicates their optimization and fabrication due to the resulting large parameter space. Here we present one of the geometrically simplest two-dimensional chiral metasurface platforms consisting of achiral dielectric rods arranged in a square lattice. Chirality is created by rotating the individual meta-atoms, making their arrangement chiral and leading to chiroptical responses that are stronger or comparable to more complex designs. We show that resonances depending on the arrangement are robust against geometric variations and behave similarly in experiments and simulations. Finally, we explain the origin of chirality and behavior of our platform by simple considerations of the geometric asymmetry and gap size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Gryb
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Fedja J. Wendisch
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Aigner
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Gölz
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Leonardo de S. Menezes
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal de
Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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2
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Whiting EB, Kang L, Jenkins RP, Campbell SD, Werner DH. Broadband plasmonic chiral meta-mirrors. Opt Express 2023; 31:22415-22423. [PMID: 37475353 DOI: 10.1364/oe.494714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Chiral meta-mirrors provide a unique opportunity for achieving handedness-selective strong light-matter interaction at the nanometer scale. Importantly, the chiral resonances observed in chiral meta-mirrors arise from the spin-dependent resonant cavity which, however, is generally narrowband. In this paper, by exploiting a genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization method, we numerically validate a chiral meta-mirror with octave bandwidth. In particular, in the wavelength range from 1000 to 2000 nm, the proposed chiral meta-mirror strongly absorbs circularly polarized light of one handedness while highly reflecting the other. A field analysis indicates that the observed broadband chiroptical response can be attributed to the multiple chiral resonances supported by the optimized meta-mirror across the band of interest. The observed broadband chiral response confirms the potential of advanced inverse-design approaches for the creation of chiral metadevices with sophisticated functionalities. Based on the Lorentz reciprocity theorem, we show that the proposed meta-mirror can enable chiral-selective broadband second harmonic generation (SHG). Our study indicates that the application of advanced inverse-design approaches can greatly facilitate the development of metadevices with strong chiral response in both the linear and nonlinear regimes.
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3
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Li Z, Jiang N, Gao X, Shi J, Wei Z, Zheng H, Shen C. Meta-Atom Coupling Induced Chiral Hotspot in Silicon Nitride Staggered Nanorods Meta-Surface. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3307-3312. [PMID: 36988312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric meta-surfaces have emerged as an effective way for fabricating chiral optical devices, and the chiral meta-surfaces are usually constituted by periodic chiral meta-atom structures. Here, we report a chiral meta-surface consisting of nonchiral silicon nitride rectangular nanorods. The chiral hotspots are generated between the staggered nanorods due to the coupling between the two nearest neighbor nanorod units. 14.6% macroscopic circular dichroism (CD) is achieved experimentally with larger area staggered nanorods. Meanwhile, we demonstrate that the wavelength tuning capability of this design from 696 to 820 nm by simply modulating the overlap length of nanorods. Our work highlights the mechanisms for CD hotspot generation without complex chiral units, which paves a novel way for future on-chip photon-spin selective devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaomei Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianwei Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongming Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Houzhi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Zhao W, Chen M, Wang X, Liu J, Wu Z, Teng C, Deng S, Cheng Y, Yuan L. Adjustable strong circular dichroism based on a tricircular arc metasurface. Appl Opt 2023; 62:1730-1737. [PMID: 37132919 DOI: 10.1364/ao.478817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Circular dichroism has promising applications in biology, molecular chemistry, and other fields. The key to obtaining strong circular dichroism is to introduce symmetry breaking into the structure, which leads to a great difference in the response to different circularly polarized waves. Here, we propose a metasurface structure based on three circular arcs, which produces strong circular dichroism. The metasurface structure combines the split ring with the three circular arcs and increases the structural asymmetry by changing the relative torsional angle. The causes of the strong circular dichroism are analyzed in this paper, and the influence of metasurface parameters on it is discussed. According to the simulation data, the response of the proposed metasurface to different circularly polarized waves varies greatly, with absorption of up to 0.99 at 5.095 THz for a left-handed circularly polarized wave and a maximum circular dichroism of over 0.93. In addition, the incorporation of the phase change material vanadium dioxide on the structure allows flexible modulation of circular dichroism and modulation depths of up to 98.6%. The change of angle within a certain range has little effect on the structural performance. We believe that this flexible and angle robust chiral metasurface structure is suitable for complex reality, and large modulation depth is more practical.
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5
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Zhang R, Zhang Z, Fan Y, Zhang H, Chu J. Single-Layer Transmissive Chiral Plasma Metasurface with High Circular Polarization Extinction Ratio in Visible Wavelength. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:nano13050813. [PMID: 36903692 PMCID: PMC10005011 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chiral metamaterials are extensively applied in the fields of photoelectric detection, biomedical diagnostics and micro-nano polarization imaging. Currently, single-layer chiral metamaterials are unfortunately limited by several issues, such as a weaker circular polarization extinction ratio and circular polarization transmittance difference. To tackle these issues, a single-layer transmissive chiral plasma metasurface (SCPMs) suitable for visible wavelength is proposed in this paper. Its basic unit is composed of double orthogonal rectangular slots and a spatial π/4 inclined arrangement of the rectangular slot to constitute a chiral structure. Each rectangular slot structure has characteristics that enable the SCPMs to easily achieve a high circular polarization extinction ratio and strong circular polarization transmittance difference. Both the circular polarization extinction ratio and circular polarization transmittance difference of the SCPMs reach over 1000 and 0.28 at a wavelength of 532 nm, respectively. In addition, the SCPMs is fabricated via the thermally evaporated deposition technique and focused ion beam system. This compact structure coupled with a simple process and excellent properties enhances its applicability for the control and detection of polarization, especially during integration with linear polarizers, to achieve the fabrication of a division-of-focal-plane full-Stokes polarimeter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Ningbo Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuanyi Fan
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jinkui Chu
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Ningbo Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315000, China
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6
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Chen Y, Yang Z, Wang L, Dong W, Chen Z. Chiral hybrid waveguide-plasmon resonances. Opt Express 2023; 31:5927-5939. [PMID: 36823862 DOI: 10.1364/oe.482211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the chiroptical responses of the hybrid systems consisting of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) gammadion arrays on top of a dielectric slab waveguide. We demonstrate that both the transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) waveguide modes could be coupled to the antisymmetric localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of the individual MIM-gammadions, leading to the formation of narrow hybrid waveguide-plasmon resonances (WPRs), of which the TM-WPR is less dependent while the TE-WPR is highly dependent on the handedness of the incident light. Associated with the excitation of the TE-WPRs, strong negative and positive circular dichroism (CD) peaks with high quality factors could be obtained on the short-wavelength and long-wavelength side of the LSPRs of the MIM-gammadion, respectively. Moreover, we show that the variation on either the lattice period or slab waveguide thickness allows for easily tuning the TE-WPRs based CD peaks over a relative wide spectral range. Our proposed hybrid system provides tunable and strong CD responses with narrow linewidth, which may have applications in chiral selective imaging, chiral plasmonic bio-sensing and spectroscopy.
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7
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Han Z, Wang F, Sun J, Wang X, Tang Z. Recent Advances in Ultrathin Chiral Metasurfaces by Twisted Stacking. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2206141. [PMID: 36284479 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Artificial chiral nanostructures have been subjected to extensive research for their unique chiroptical activities. Planarized chiral films of ultrathin thicknesses are in particular demand for easy on-chip integration and improved energy efficiency as polarization-sensitive metadevices. Recently, controlled twisted stacking of two or more layers of nanomaterials, such as 2D van der Waals materials, ultrathin films, or traditional metasurfaces, at an angle has emerged as a general strategy to introduce optical chirality into achiral solid-state systems. This method endows new degrees of freedom, e.g., the interlayer twist angle, to flexibly engineer and tune the chiroptical responses without having to change the material or the design, thus greatly facilitating the development of multifunctional metamaterials. In this review, recent exciting progress in planar chiral metasurfaces are summarized and discussed from the viewpoints of building blocks, fabrication methods, as well as circular dichroism and modulation thereof in twisted stacked nanostructures. The review further highlights the ever-growing portfolio of applications of these chiral metasurfaces, including polarization conversion, information encryption, chiral sensing, and as an engineering platform for hybrid metadevices. Finally, forward-looking prospects are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexiang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Juehan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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8
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Chang T, Jung J, Nam SH, Kim H, Kim JU, Kim N, Jeon S, Heo M, Shin J. Universal Metasurfaces for Complete Linear Control of Coherent Light Transmission. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2204085. [PMID: 36063536 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in metasurfaces and optical nanostructures have enabled complex control of incident light with optically thin devices. However, it has thus far been unclear whether it is possible to achieve complete linear control of coherent light transmission, that is, independent control of polarization, amplitude, and phase for both input polarization states, with just a single, thin nanostructure array. Here, it is proved possible, and a universal metasurface is proposed, a bilayer array of high-index elliptic cylinders that possesses a complete degree of optical freedom with fully designable chirality and anisotropy. The completeness of achievable light control is mathematically shown with corresponding Jones matrices, new types of 3D holographic schemes that were formerly impossible are experimentally demonstrated, and a systematic way of realizing any input-state-sensitive vector linear optical device is presented. The results unlock previously inaccessible degrees of freedom in light transmission control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyong Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonkyo Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeon Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonhee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Uk Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suwan Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsung Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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9
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Shi T, Deng ZL, Geng G, Zeng X, Zeng Y, Hu G, Overvig A, Li J, Qiu CW, Alù A, Kivshar YS, Li X. Planar chiral metasurfaces with maximal and tunable chiroptical response driven by bound states in the continuum. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4111. [PMID: 35840567 PMCID: PMC9287326 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces with high quality factors (Q-factors) of chiral resonances can boost substantially light-matter interaction for various applications of chiral response in ultrathin, active, and nonlinear metadevices. However, current approaches lack the flexibility to enhance and tune the chirality and Q-factor simultaneously. Here, we suggest a design of chiral metasurface supporting bound state in the continuum (BIC) and demonstrate experimentally chiroptical responses with ultra-high Q-factors and near-perfect circular dichroism (CD = 0.93) at optical frequencies. We employ the symmetry-reduced meta-atoms with high birefringence supporting winding elliptical eigenstate polarizations with opposite helicity. It provides a convenient way for achieving the maximal planar chirality tuned by either breaking in-plane structure symmetry or changing illumination angle. Beyond linear CD, we also achieved strong near-field enhancement CD and near-unitary nonlinear CD in the same planar chiral metasurface design with circular eigen-polarization. Sharply resonant chirality realized in planar metasurfaces promises various practical applications including chiral lasers and chiral nonlinear filters. Here, the authors employ the physics of chiral bound states in the continuum and suggest planar chiral metasurfaces with simultaneous ultrahigh quality factor and near-perfect circular dichroism in both linear regime and nonlinear regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Lan Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guangzhou Geng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Xianzhi Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Zeng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Guangwei Hu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Adam Overvig
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Junjie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 117583, Republic of Singapore
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Yuri S Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Xiangping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Abstract
Many structures in nature look symmetric, but this is not completely accurate, because absolute symmetry is close to death. Chirality (handedness) is one form of living asymmetry. Chirality has been extensively investigated at different levels. Many rules were coined in attempts made for many decades to have control over the selection of handedness that seems to easily occur in nature. It is certain that if good control is realized on chirality, the roads will be ultimately open towards numerous developments in pharmaceutical, technological, and industrial applications. This tutorial review presents a report on chirality from single molecules to supramolecular assemblies. The realized functions are still in their infancy and have been scarcely converted into actual applications. This review provides an overview for starters in the chirality field of research on concepts, common methodologies, and outstanding accomplishments. It starts with an introductory section on the definitions and classifications of chirality at the different levels of molecular complexity, followed by highlighting the importance of chirality in biological systems and the different means of realizing chirality and its inversion in solid and solution-based systems at molecular and supramolecular levels. Chirality-relevant important findings and (bio-)technological applications are also reported accordingly.
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11
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Rodríguez-Álvarez J, García-Martín A, Fraile Rodríguez A, Batlle X, Labarta A. Tunable circular dichroism through absorption in coupled optical modes of twisted triskelia nanostructures. Sci Rep 2022; 12:26. [PMID: 34996969 PMCID: PMC8742006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a system consisting of two stacked chiral plasmonic nanoelements, so-called triskelia, that exhibits a high degree of circular dichroism. The optical modes arising from the interactions between the two elements are the main responsible for the dichroic signal. Their excitation in the absorption cross section is favored when the circular polarization of the light is opposite to the helicity of the system, so that an intense near-field distribution with 3D character is excited between the two triskelia, which in turn causes the dichroic response. Therefore, the stacking, in itself, provides a simple way to tune both the value of the circular dichroism, up to 60%, and its spectral distribution in the visible and near infrared range. We show how these interaction-driven modes can be controlled by finely tuning the distance and the relative twist angle between the triskelia, yielding maximum values of the dichroism at 20° and 100° for left- and right-handed circularly polarized light, respectively. Despite the three-fold symmetry of the elements, these two situations are not completely equivalent since the interplay between the handedness of the stack and the chirality of each single element breaks the symmetry between clockwise and anticlockwise rotation angles around 0°. This reveals the occurrence of clear helicity-dependent resonances. The proposed structure can be thus finely tuned to tailor the dichroic signal for applications at will, such as highly efficient helicity-sensitive surface spectroscopies or single-photon polarization detectors, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio García-Martín
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología IMN-CNM, CSIC, CEI UAM + CSIC, Isaac Newton 8, 28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantxa Fraile Rodríguez
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Batlle
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amílcar Labarta
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Abstract
In the past two decades, polarization gratings (PGs) have attracted intensive attention due to the high-efficient diffraction and polarization selectivity properties. On one hand, the one-dimensional (1D) PGs have been investigated widely and adapted to various applications. On the other hand, optical signal manipulation stimulates the development of multibeam optical devices. Therefore, the development of two-dimensional (2D) PGs is in demand. This review summarizes the research progress of 2D PGs. Different designs and fabrication methods are summarized, including assembling two 1D polarization patterns, a 2D holographic lithography by polarization interference and a micro-pixelated electric field stimulated 2D liquid crystal (LC) structure. Both experiments and analyses are included. The design strategy, diffraction property, merits and demerits are discussed and summarized for the different methods.
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13
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Xu R, Qin Z, Teng C, Deng S, Chen M, Cheng Y, Deng H, Yang H, Qu S, Yuan L. Tunable circular dichroism based on graphene-metal split ring resonators. Opt Express 2021; 29:21020-21030. [PMID: 34266177 DOI: 10.1364/oe.430670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The chiroptical response of the chiral metasurface can be characterized by circular dichroism, which is defined as the absorption difference between left-handed circularly polarized incidence and right-handed circularly incidence. It can be applied in biology, chemistry, optoelectronics, etc. Here, we propose a dynamically tunable chiral metasurface structure, which is composed of two metal split-ring resonators and a graphene layer embedded in dielectric. The structure reflects right-handed circularly polarized waves and absorbs left-handed circularly polarized waves under normal incidence. The overall unit structural parameters of the chiral metasurface were discussed and analyzed, and the circular dichroism was 0.85 at 1.181 THz. Additionally, the digital imaging function can be realized based on the chiral metasurface structure, and the resolution of terahertz digital imaging can be dynamically tuned by changing the Fermi level of graphene. The proposed structure has potential applications in realizing tunable dynamic imaging and other communication fields.
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14
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Yang F, Ye S, Dong W, Zheng D, Xia Y, Yi C, Tao J, Sun C, Zhang L, Wang L, Chen Q, Wang Y, Nie Z. Laser-Scanning-Guided Assembly of Quasi-3D Patterned Arrays of Plasmonic Dimers for Information Encryption. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2100325. [PMID: 33969563 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The application of plasmonic dimeric nanostructures in color displays, data storage, and especially metamaterials necessitates the patterning of dimers into ordered arrays, but controllable assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles into patterned dimer arrays on substrates still remains a challenge. Here, a facile laser-scanning-based strategy to fabricate quasi-3D patterned arrays of plasmonic nanoparticle dimers with controlled orientation for plasmonic information encryption is reported. Laser scanning of polymer-covered plasmonic nanoparticle (e.g., gold) arrays selectively exposes the surface of irradiated nanoparticle via localized photothermal heating, guiding the assembly of another type of nanoparticles onto the exposure nanoparticle surface to form dimers on substrates. This combined top-down/bottom-up approach is highly flexible in forming high-resolution patterns of plasmonic dimers from nanoparticles of different sizes and shapes. The z-axis orientation, interparticle spacing, and nanoparticle size and shape of plasmonic dimers can be precisely tuned, enabling the modulation of the coupled resonances of the dimer arrays. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the patterned dimer arrays can be used in information encryption where their plasmonic color can be repeatedly displayed and erased. This work provides an important addition to tools for the fabrication of patterned complex plasmonic nanostructures from as-synthesized nanoparticles with broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shunsheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenhao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Di Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yifan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chenglin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - QianYun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yazi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhihong Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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15
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Abstract
We consider a two-component linearly coupled system with the intrinsic cubic nonlinearity and the harmonic-oscillator (HO) confining potential. The system models binary settings in BEC and optics. In the symmetric system, with the HO trap acting in both components, we consider Josephson oscillations (JO) initiated by an input in the form of the HO’s ground state (GS) or dipole mode (DM), placed in one component. With the increase of the strength of the self-focusing nonlinearity, spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) between the components takes place in the dynamical JO state. Under still stronger nonlinearity, the regular JO initiated by the GS input carries over into a chaotic dynamical state. For the DM input, the chaotization happens at smaller powers than for the GS, which is followed by SSB at a slightly stronger nonlinearity. In the system with the defocusing nonlinearity, SSB does not take place, and dynamical chaos occurs in a small area of the parameter space. In the asymmetric half-trapped system, with the HO potential applied to a single component, we first focus on the spectrum of confined binary modes in the linearized system. The spectrum is found analytically in the limits of weak and strong inter-component coupling, and numerically in the general case. Under the action of the coupling, the existence region of the confined modes shrinks for GSs and expands for DMs. In the full nonlinear system, the existence region for confined modes is identified in the numerical form. They are constructed too by means of the Thomas–Fermi approximation, in the case of the defocusing nonlinearity. Lastly, particular (non-generic) exact analytical solutions for confined modes, including vortices, in one- and two-dimensional asymmetric linearized systems are found. They represent bound states in the continuum.
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16
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Abstract
Circularly polarized light (CPL) is currently receiving much attention as a key ingredient for next-generation information technologies, such as quantum communication and encryption. CPL photon generation used in those applications is commonly realized by coupling achiral optical quantum emitters to chiral nanoantennas. Here, we explore a different strategy consisting in exciting a nanosphere-the ultimate symmetric structure-to produce CPL emission along an arbitrary direction. Specifically, we demonstrate chiral emission from a silicon nanosphere induced by an electron beam based on two different strategies: either shifting the relative phase of degenerate orthogonal dipole modes or interfering electric and magnetic modes. We prove these concepts both theoretically and experimentally by visualizing the phase and polarization using a fully polarimetric four-dimensional cathodoluminescence method. Besides their fundamental interest, our results support the use of free-electron-induced light emission from spherically symmetric systems as a versatile platform for the generation of chiral light with on-demand control over the phase and degree of polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Matsukata
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - F. Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut
de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Takumi Sannomiya
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- PRESTO, 4259 Nagatsuta Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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17
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Ni J, Liu S, Hu G, Hu Y, Lao Z, Li J, Zhang Q, Wu D, Dong S, Chu J, Qiu CW. Giant Helical Dichroism of Single Chiral Nanostructures with Photonic Orbital Angular Momentum. ACS Nano 2021; 15:2893-2900. [PMID: 33497201 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical activity, demonstrating the chiral light-matter interaction, has attracted tremendous attention in both fundamental theoretical research and advanced applications of high-efficiency enantioselective sensing and next-generation chiroptical spectroscopic techniques. However, conventional chiroptical responses are normally limited in large assemblies of chiral materials by circularly polarized light, exhibiting extremely weak chiroptical signals in a single chiral nanostructure. Here, we demonstrate that an alternative chiral freedom of light-orbital angular momentum-can be utilized for generating strong helical dichroism in single chiral nanostructures. The helical dichroism by monochromatic vortex beams can unambiguously distinguish the intrinsic chirality of nanostructures, in an excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. The single planar-chiral nanostructure can exhibit giant helical dichroism of ∼20% at the visible wavelength. The vortex-dependent helical dichroism, expanding to single nanostructures and two-dimensional space, has implications for high-efficiency chiroptical detection of planar-chiral nanostructures in chiral optics and nanophotonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Shunli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Yanlei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Dong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Shaohua Dong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Jiaru Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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18
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Lin CY, Liu CC, Chen YY, Chiu KY, Wu JD, Lin BL, Wang CH, Chen YF, Chang SH, Chang YC. Molecular Chirality Detection with Periodic Arrays of Three-Dimensional Twisted Metamaterials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:1152-1157. [PMID: 33350805 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of the handiness of chiral molecules is an important topic for pharmaceutical industries because chiral drugs with opposing handiness sometimes exhibit unwanted side effects. In this research, a rapid optical method is proposed to determine the handiness of the chiral drug "Thalidomide". The platform is a large array of three-dimensional (3D) twisted metamaterials fabricated with a novel method by combining nanospherical-lens lithography (NLL) and hole-mask lithography (HML). The fabrication is high-throughput and the twisted metamaterials cover a large area. Strong circular dichroism (CD) response is observed in the near-infrared (NIR) region, which enables the chiral detection to be performed by a low-cost and portable spectroscope system. The proposed nanofabrication method significantly improves the capabilities of NLL and HML, which can be quickly adapted to fabricate various periodic 3D metamaterials. In addition, the results of this research pave the road for the rapid penetration of nanophotonics into the pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Lin
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ching Liu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chiu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-De Wu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Lin Lin
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Han Wang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Fang Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hui Chang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chorng Chang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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19
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Manoccio M, Esposito M, Passaseo A, Cuscunà M, Tasco V. Focused Ion Beam Processing for 3D Chiral Photonics Nanostructures. Micromachines (Basel) 2020; 12:6. [PMID: 33374782 PMCID: PMC7823276 DOI: 10.3390/mi12010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The focused ion beam (FIB) is a powerful piece of technology which has enabled scientific and technological advances in the realization and study of micro- and nano-systems in many research areas, such as nanotechnology, material science, and the microelectronic industry. Recently, its applications have been extended to the photonics field, owing to the possibility of developing systems with complex shapes, including 3D chiral shapes. Indeed, micro-/nano-structured elements with precise geometrical features at the nanoscale can be realized by FIB processing, with sizes that can be tailored in order to tune optical responses over a broad spectral region. In this review, we give an overview of recent efforts in this field which have involved FIB processing as a nanofabrication tool for photonics applications. In particular, we focus on FIB-induced deposition and FIB milling, employed to build 3D nanostructures and metasurfaces exhibiting intrinsic chirality. We describe the fabrication strategies present in the literature and the chiro-optical behavior of the developed structures. The achieved results pave the way for the creation of novel and advanced nanophotonic devices for many fields of application, ranging from polarization control to integration in photonic circuits to subwavelength imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Manoccio
- Department of Mathematics and Physics Ennio De Giorgi, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.); (V.T.)
| | - Marco Esposito
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.); (V.T.)
| | - Adriana Passaseo
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.); (V.T.)
| | - Massimo Cuscunà
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.); (V.T.)
| | - Vittorianna Tasco
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.); (V.T.)
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20
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Xie F, Ren M, Wu W, Yu D, Cai W, Xu J. Phase-Transition Optical Activity in Chiral Metamaterials. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:237401. [PMID: 33337210 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.237401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical activity from chiral metamaterials is both fundamental in electrodynamics and useful for polarization control applications. It is normally expected that due to infinitesimally small thickness, two-dimensional (2D) planar metamaterials cannot introduce large optical rotations. Here, we present a new mechanism to achieve strong optical rotation up to 90° by evoking phase transition in the 2D metamaterials through tuning coupling strength between meta-atoms. We analytically elucidate such phenomenon by developing a model of phase-transition coupled-oscillator array. And we further corroborate our ideas with both numerical simulations and experiments. Our findings would pave a new way for applying the concept of phase transition in photonics for designing novel optical devices for strong polarization controls and other novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxin Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianqiang Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjun Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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21
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Tanaka K, Arslan D, Fasold S, Steinert M, Sautter J, Falkner M, Pertsch T, Decker M, Staude I. Chiral Bilayer All-Dielectric Metasurfaces. ACS Nano 2020; 14:15926-15935. [PMID: 33179909 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional chiral plasmonic metasurfaces were demonstrated to offer enormous potential for ultrathin circular polarizers and applications in chiral sensing. However, the large absorption losses in the metallic systems generally limit their applicability for high-efficiency devices. In this work, we experimentally and numerically demonstrate three-dimensional chiral dielectric metasurfaces exhibiting multipolar resonances and examine their chiro-optical properties. In particular, we demonstrate that record high circular dichroism of 0.7 and optical activity of 2.67 × 105 degree/mm can be achieved based on the excitation of electric and magnetic dipolar resonances inside the chiral structures. These large values are facilitated by a small amount of dissipative loss present in the dielectric nanoresonator material and the formation of a chiral supermode in a 4-fold symmetric metasurface unit cell. Our results highlight the mechanisms for maximizing the chiral response of photonic nanostructures and offer important opportunities for high-efficiency, ultrathin polarizing elements, which can be used in miniaturized devices, for example, integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Tanaka
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Max Planck School of Photonics, Hans-Knöll-Straße 1, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dennis Arslan
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Fasold
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Sautter
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Falkner
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Pertsch
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Max Planck School of Photonics, Hans-Knöll-Straße 1, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Straße 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Manuel Decker
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Isabelle Staude
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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22
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Abstract
Circular dichroism (CD) is widely used in biology, medicine, and physics. Three-dimensional (3D) chiral structures have been extensively studied because of their ability to produce significant CD effects. Previously reported 3D chiral structures are limited due to the complexity of fabrication processes and CD mechanisms. Here, spatially complementary chiral nanostructure (SCCN) arrays, which comprise bottom silver films with zigzag-shaped nanoslit and top complementary silver zigzag-shaped nanowires, are theoretically and experimentally shown to provide the CD effect. SCCN arrays are prepared experimentally by combining electron beam lithography (EBL) with normal electron beam deposition (NEBD) method and by utilizing EBL and NEBD only once. Numerical results demonstrate that localized surface plasmon excited on top complementary silver zigzag-shaped nanowires and surface plasmon polariton excited on bottom silver films with zigzag-shaped nanoslit result in the CD effect of SCCN arrays. In addition, the CD effect can be tuned by changing the width of the top complementary silver zigzag-shaped nanowires. Such type of chiral nanostructures has easy tunability, simple fabrication, and a better understanding of chiral optical response, which provides a new design for spatially chiral optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Jing
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
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23
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Zhang K, Lawson AP, Ellis CT, Davis MS, Murphy TE, Bechtel HA, Tischler JG, Rabin O. Plasmonic nanoarcs: a versatile platform with tunable localized surface plasmon resonances in octave intervals. Opt Express 2020; 28:30889-30907. [PMID: 33115080 DOI: 10.1364/oe.403728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tunability of the longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of metallic nanoarcs is demonstrated with key relationships identified between geometric parameters of the arcs and their resonances in the infrared. The wavelength of the LSPRs is tuned by the mid-arc length of the nanoarc. The ratio between the attenuation of the fundamental and second order LSPRs is governed by the nanoarc central angle. Beneficial for plasmonic enhancement of harmonic generation, these two resonances can be tuned independently to obtain octave intervals through the design of a non-uniform arc-width profile. Because the character of the fundamental LSPR mode in nanoarcs combines an electric and a magnetic dipole, plasmonic nanoarcs with tunable resonances can serve as versatile building blocks for chiroptical and nonlinear optical devices.
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24
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Zhou L, Wang Y, Zhou J, Ding J, Lu M, Sang T. Tunable asymmetric transmission across stretchable chiral metamaterial. Appl Opt 2020; 59:6868-6872. [PMID: 32788777 DOI: 10.1364/ao.395708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A stretchable chiral metamaterial with L-shaped and T-shaped Au patterns (SCMM-LT) is proposed to generate asymmetric transmission (AT) for circularly polarized waves on the polydimethylsiloxane substrate in the mid-infrared region. The peak value of AT can reach 50.02% at the resonance wavelength of 19.1 µm, owing to the enantiomerically sensitive plasmons. With stretching along the x axis and the y axis. respectively, the band of AT shifts to a longer wavelength, which proves the SCMM-LT can be a candidate as the tunable chiral metamaterial. In the future, the proposed stretchable chiral metamaterial could potentially possess high applicability for wearable electronic devices in a variety of sensor fields.
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25
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Bai Y, Wang T, Ullah H, Jing Z, Abudukelimu A, Chen C, Qu Y, Xu H, Zhu D, Zhang Z. Increasing the circular dichroism of the planar chiral nanostructure by inducing coupling between the coverage layer and the planar nanostructure. Opt Express 2020; 28:20563-20572. [PMID: 32680113 DOI: 10.1364/oe.397672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Circular dichroism (CD) has been widely studied in recent decades because of its wide application in biomedical detection. Nanostructures with different heights (NDH) usually increase the transmission CD effect. To achieve such nanostructures, one needs to repeatedly perform the electron-beam lithography (EBL) method twice or more, layer-by-layer, which is a very complicated process. Here, we propose a method to prepare NDH by combining the EBL and oblique angle deposition (OAD) techniques. L-shaped planar silver nanostructures are prepared using EBL and normal electron beam deposition, and the OAD method is then used to partially cover one arm of the L-shaped nanostructure. Numerical simulations reveal that the height difference in the two arms of the L-shaped NDH (LSNDH) causes a difference in the polarization directions of the left- (LCP) and right-circularly polarized (RCP) incident light, thereby, generating CD effects. A 2D material is used to cover the LSNDH to further increase the charge polarization direction differences, which considerably increases the CD effect. These results are useful in simplifying and increasing the convenience of the preparation method of 3D chiral nanostructures. Furthermore, the proposed nanostructure may have potential application in biosensor, such as chiral enantiomer sensors.
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26
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Lai P, Dong G, Wang W, Chen T, Lv T, Lv B, Zhu Z, Li Y, Guan C, Shi J. Angle enhanced circular dichroism in bilayer 90°-twisted metamaterial. Opt Express 2020; 28:15071-15080. [PMID: 32403540 DOI: 10.1364/oe.390055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic and extrinsic chiral responses have been widely investigated in metamaterials, however the relationship between them has been seldom discussed. We numerically and experimentally demonstrate angle enhanced chiral dichroism and study the separation between intrinsic and extrinsic chiral responses in metamaterial with asymmetrically split aperture dimers. The metamaterial exhibits triple-band resonant circular dichroism at normal incidence. The oblique incidence leads to giant enhancement of circular dichroism at two low-frequency resonances while yields an obvious resonance split of the circular dichroism in the vicinity of the high-frequency resonance. The whole circular dichroism response results from the balance between intrinsic and extrinsic chirality and the circular dichroism spectra at positive and negative angles of incidence exhibit an asymmetry due to the existence of intrinsic chirality. Importantly, the intrinsic chirality in the metamaterial may be individually investigated since extrinsic chiral response may be removed from the total circular dichroism by superimposing two circular dichroism spectra at positive and negative incident angles. The metamaterial will be promising to achieve enhanced chiral response and also separately utilize intrinsic and extrinsic chirality for manipulating the polarization state of light.
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27
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Abstract
Circular phase-dichroism (CPD) has been suggested for the characterization of chiral metasurfaces in supplementing the conventional circular dichroism (CD). Conventional CD probes the bulk properties while the CPD, reported recently in 2D chiral metasurfaces using an air-gap Fabry-Perot setup, is based on the surface properties. Here we propose and demonstrate a robust birefringent interference approach to obtain the CPD by replacing the air-gap with a uniaxial birefringent material in which interference is realized by the difference in the refractive indexes for the ordinary and extraordinary components of the material. We measure the transmission phases of metasurfaces fabricated on birefringent sapphire substrates and obtain clear CPDs for chiral metasurfaces but vanishing for achiral metasurfaces. Importantly, our approach can be applied to metasurfaces fabricated on nonbirefringent substrates by add-on birefringent materials. We confirm our results by a Jones matrix method using data obtained from full-wave simulations, and good agreements with experiments are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhang
- Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Engineering Laboratory, Shandong, Physics Department, QingDao University of Science and Technology, Shandong 266061, China
- Department of Physics, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Center for Metamaterial Research, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiuling Zhao
- Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Engineering Laboratory, Shandong, Physics Department, QingDao University of Science and Technology, Shandong 266061, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Engineering Laboratory, Shandong, Physics Department, QingDao University of Science and Technology, Shandong 266061, China
| | - Jensen Li
- Department of Physics, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Center for Metamaterial Research, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Yim Tam
- Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Engineering Laboratory, Shandong, Physics Department, QingDao University of Science and Technology, Shandong 266061, China
- Department of Physics, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, and Center for Metamaterial Research, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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28
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Guo J, Kim JY, Zhang M, Wang H, Stein A, Murray CB, Kotov NA, Kagan CR. Chemo- and Thermomechanically Configurable 3D Optical Metamaterials Constructed from Colloidal Nanocrystal Assemblies. ACS Nano 2020; 14:1427-1435. [PMID: 31877020 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanofabrication has limited most optical metamaterials to 2D or, often with multiple patterning steps, simple 3D meta-atoms that typically have limited built-in tunability. Here, with a one-step scalable patterning process, we exploit the chemical addressability and structural adaptability of colloidal Au nanocrystal assemblies to transform 2D nanocrystal/Ti bilayers into complex, 3D-structured meta-atoms and to thermally direct their shape morphing and alter their optical properties. By tailoring the length, number, and curvature of 3D helical structures in each meta-atom, we create large-area metamaterials with chiroptical responses of as high as ∼40% transmission difference between left-hand (LCP) and right-hand (RCP) circularly polarized light (ΔT = TRCP - TLCP) that are suitable for broadband circular polarizers and, upon thermally configuring their shape, switch the polarity of polarization rotation. These 3D optical metamaterials provide prototypes for low-cost, large-scale fabrication of optical metamaterials for ultrathin lenses, polarizers, and waveplates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacen Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Michigan at Ann Arbor , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Michigan at Ann Arbor , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Haonan Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Aaron Stein
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Michigan at Ann Arbor , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Michigan at Ann Arbor , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Cherie R Kagan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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29
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Li J, Liu C, Yu Z, Ye H, Yu L. Broadband Ultrathin Transmission Quarter Waveplate with Rectangular Hole Array Based on Plasmonic Resonances. Nanoscale Res Lett 2019; 14:384. [PMID: 31853745 PMCID: PMC6920269 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The control of the polarization states of light plays an important role in modern optical systems. However, traditional polarization manipulating devices often have narrow bandwidth and their large size makes it difficult for them to achieve miniaturization and integration of optical systems. This work presents an ultrathin quarter waveplate with a periodic silver film 2 × 2 rectangular hole array with a thickness less than λ/50. Numerical simulation shows that the waveplate can efficiently transform a circular polarized wave into a linearly polarized one at the center of 1550 nm, and its bandwidth is 525 nm. Furthermore, the quarter waveplate can efficiently invert linear polarization into circular polarization at 1550 nm, which ellipticity is near unit. With an array of small holes on a metal film to enhance transmission, this structure can increase the transmission to 0.44. The broadband quarter waveplate can be used in communication system and near infrared band system, and be integrated with other optical devices at nanoscale to achieve polarization operation, detection, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Yumin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Zhongyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Han Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876 China
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30
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Abstract
Controlling the spin angular momentum of light (or circular polarization state) plays a crucial role in the modern photonic applications such as optical communication, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and quantum information processing. However, the conventional approaches to manipulate the spin of light require naturally occurring chiral or birefringent materials of bulky sizes due to the weak light-matter interactions. Here we experimentally demonstrate an approach to implement spin-selective transmission in the infrared region based on chiral folded metasurfaces that are capable of transmitting one spin state of light while largely prohibiting the other. Due to the intrinsic chirality of the folded metasurface, a remarkable circular dichroism as large as 0.7 with the maximum transmittance exceeding 92% is experimentally demonstrated. The giant circular dichroism is interpreted within the framework of charge-current multipole expansion. Moreover, the intrinsic chirality can be readily controlled by manipulating the folding angle of the metasurface with respect to the cardinal plane. Benefiting from its strong chirality and spin-dependent transmission characteristics, the proposed folded metasurface may be applied to a range of novel photon-spin selective devices for optical communication technologies and biophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Niels Bohr Institute , University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Sha Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Ai-Zi Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory , Dongguan , Guangdong 523808 , China
| | - Haifang Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory , Dongguan , Guangdong 523808 , China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT , U.K
| | - Junjie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory , Dongguan , Guangdong 523808 , China
| | - Changzhi Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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31
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Sperrhake J, Decker M, Falkner M, Fasold S, Kaiser T, Staude I, Pertsch T. Analyzing the polarization response of a chiral metasurface stack by semi-analytic modeling. Opt Express 2019; 27:1236-1248. [PMID: 30696193 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.001236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate a class of stacked metasurfaces where the interaction between layers is dominated by their respective far-field response. Using a semi-analytic scattering matrix approach, we exploit the Fabry-Perot-type response for different layer distances to show the spectral tunability of the resonant effect. This method presents a faster and more intuitive route to modeling Fabry-Perot-type effects than rigorous numerical simulations. The results are illustrated for a chiral metasurface stack that exhibits asymmetric transmission. Here, the effect of asymmetric transmission is highly sensitive to the layer distance, which is used as a free parameter in our model. To prove our theoretical findings we fabricate two variants of the stack with different layer distances and show that far-field interaction between layers is sufficient to generate the effect while being accessible by semi-analytic modeling. The analyticity of the approach is promising for designing sophisticated layered media containing stacks of arbitrary metasurfaces.
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32
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Liu Z, Cui A, Li J, Gu C. Folding 2D Structures into 3D Configurations at the Micro/Nanoscale: Principles, Techniques, and Applications. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1802211. [PMID: 30276867 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Compared to their 2D counterparts, 3D micro/nanostructures show larger degrees of freedom and richer functionalities; thus, they have attracted increasing attention in the past decades. Moreover, extensive applications of 3D micro/nanostructures are demonstrated in the fields of mechanics, biomedicine, optics, etc., with great advantages. However, the mainstream micro/nanofabrication technologies are planar ones; therefore, they cannot be used directly for the construction of 3D micro/nanostructures, making 3D fabrication at the micro/nanoscale a great challenge. A promising strategy to overcome this is to combine the state-of-the-art planar fabrication techniques with the folding method to produce 3D structures. In this strategy, 2D components can be easily produced by traditional planar techniques, and then, 3D structures are constructed by folding each 2D component to specific orientations. In this way, not only will the advantages of existing planar techniques, such as high precision, programmable patterning, and mass production, be preserved, but the fabrication capability will also be greatly expanded without complex and expensive equipment modification/development. The goal here is to highlight the recent progress of the folding method from the perspective of principles, techniques, and applications, as well as to discuss the existing challenges and future prospectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ajuan Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Changzhi Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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33
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Zhang M, Pacheco-Peña V, Yu Y, Chen W, Greybush NJ, Stein A, Engheta N, Murray CB, Kagan CR. Nanoimprinted Chiral Plasmonic Substrates with Three-Dimensional Nanostructures. Nano Lett 2018; 18:7389-7394. [PMID: 30257094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report a large-area fabrication method to prepare chiral substrates patterned with arrays of multilayer, three-dimensional nanostructures using a combination of nanoimprint lithography and glancing angle deposition. Several structures are successfully fabricated using this method, including L-shaped, twisted arc and trilayer twisted Au nanorod structures, demonstrating its generality. As one typical example, arrays of L-shaped nanostructures, consisting of two layers of orthogonally oriented Au nanorods separated by a Ge dielectric layer in the thickness direction, exhibit giant optical chirality in the infrared region with an experimentally achieved g-factor as high as 0.38. Electromagnetic simulations show that the optical chirality results from plasmon hybridization between the two orthogonal Au segments. To demonstrate scalability, a 1 cm2 chiral substrate is fabricated with uniform chiral optical property. This method combines both high throughput and precise geometrical control and is therefore promising for applications of chiral metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Aaron Stein
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
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34
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Bao ZY, Dai J, Zhang Q, Ho KH, Li S, Chan CH, Zhang W, Lei DY. Geometric modulation of induced plasmonic circular dichroism in nanoparticle assemblies based on backaction and field enhancement. Nanoscale 2018; 10:19684-19691. [PMID: 30328878 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07300g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chiral cysteine-directed assemblies of Au@Ag core-shell nanocrystals (CSNCs) and Au/Ag nanorods with end-to-end (ETE) and side-by-side (SBS) configurations are fabricated and used to explore the definitive factors affecting the chiral response. The interaction between cysteine and metallic nanoparticles leads to intense and widely tunable plasmonic circular dichroism (PCD) ranging from a near-infrared (NIR) to ultraviolet (UV) regime. More importantly, it was observed that, in Ag nanorod and CSNC samples with varied aspect ratios, the ETE assembled patterns exhibit much larger PCD enhancement than SBS assemblies in an l/d-cysteine solvent environment. Very surprisingly, such a giant PCD response in these assemblies is completely different from that of the Au nanorod assembly case as reported earlier. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the interplay between the local field enhancement and backaction, triggered by the geometric configuration differentia of covered achiral CTAB molecules on Ag and Au surfaces, plays a crucial role in chiral response variances and leads to geometry-dependent optical activities. This work not only sheds light on understanding the relationship between the configuration of plasmonic nanostructure assemblies and geometry-manipulated circular dichroism, but also paves the way for predictive design of plasmonic biosensors or other nanodevices with controllable optical activities from the UV to the NIR light range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yong Bao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
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35
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Liu J, He H, Xiao D, Yin S, Ji W, Jiang S, Luo D, Wang B, Liu Y. Recent Advances of Plasmonic Nanoparticles and their Applications. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E1833. [PMID: 30261657 PMCID: PMC6213938 DOI: 10.3390/ma11101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the past half-century, surface plasmon resonance in noble metallic nanoparticles has been an important research subject. Recent advances in the synthesis, assembly, characterization, and theories of traditional and non-traditional metal nanostructures open a new pathway to the kaleidoscopic applications of plasmonics. However, accurate and precise models of plasmon resonance are still challenging, as its characteristics can be affected by multiple factors. We herein summarize the recent advances of plasmonic nanoparticles and their applications, particularly regarding the fundamentals and applications of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in Au nanoparticles, plasmon-enhanced upconversion luminescence, and plasmonic chiral metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Huilin He
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Dong Xiao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Shengtao Yin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China.
| | - Wei Ji
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China.
| | - Shouzhen Jiang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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36
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Woźniak P, De Leon I, Höflich K, Haverkamp C, Christiansen S, Leuchs G, Banzer P. Chiroptical response of a single plasmonic nanohelix. Opt Express 2018; 26:19275-19293. [PMID: 30114185 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.019275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the chiroptical response of a single plasmonic nanohelix interacting with a weakly focused circularly polarized Gaussian beam. The optical scattering at the fundamental resonance is characterized experimentally and numerically. The angularly resolved scattering of the excited nanohelix is verified experimentally and it validates the numerical results. We employ a multipole decomposition analysis to study the fundamental and first higher-order resonance of the nanohelix, explaining their chiral properties in terms of the formation of chiral dipoles.
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37
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Ahmed SR, Neethirajan S. Chiral MoS 2 Quantum Dots: Dual-Mode Detection Approaches for Avian Influenza Viruses. Glob Chall 2018; 2:1700071. [PMID: 31565328 PMCID: PMC6607333 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201700071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a type of transition metal dichalcogenide material, has emerged as an important class among 2D systems. When 2D MoS2 materials are reduced to 0D quantum dots (QDs), they introduce new optical properties that point to several potential technological advantages in electronic, magnetic, optical, and catalytic properties. In this study, a simple way to produce chiral MoS2 QDs from MoS2 nanopowder is presented using l(+)-ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. The calculated quantum yield of QDs is 11.06%. Experimental results reveal that the size of QDs is uniformly monodispersed (2-3 nm) and have a blue emissive fluorescence peak and circular dichroism (CD) peak located at 420 and 330 nm, respectively. Furthermore, a dual-mode detection system based on fluorescence and chirality is performed using as-synthesized MoS2 QDs, where QDs are conjugated with anti-hemagglutinin antibodies of avian influenza virus and made into an immunobridge in the presence of target virus and anti-neuraminidase antibodies conjugated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The photoluminescence and CD spectra of unconjugated QDs after separated magnetochirofluorescent (MNPs-QDs) nanohybrids by external magnets enables influenza virus A (H5N1) detection with the limit of detection value of 7.35 and 80.92 pg mL-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Rahin Ahmed
- BioNano LaboratorySchool of EngineeringUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioN1G 2W1Canada
| | - Suresh Neethirajan
- BioNano LaboratorySchool of EngineeringUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioN1G 2W1Canada
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38
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Han C, Yang L, Ye P, Parrott EPJ, Pickwell-Macpherson E, Tam WY. Three dimensional chiral plasmon rulers based on silver nanorod trimers. Opt Express 2018; 26:10315-10325. [PMID: 29715970 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.010315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The symmetry dependences of plasmon excitation modes are studied in 3D silver nanorod trimers. The degenerate plasmon modes split into chiral modes by breaking the inversion and mirror symmetry of the nanorod trimer through translation and/or rotation of the middle rod. With a translation operation, successive evolution of the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum can be achieved through gradual breaking of the inversion symmetry. An additional rotation operation produces even dramatic spectral changes due to breaking a quasi-mirror symmetry resulted from the same angular distance of the middle rod to the top and bottom rods. Especially, pairs of new chiral modes can be excited due to the contact of the middle rod with the top-bottom rod pair. The spectral changes in the simulations, which are also demonstrated experimentally, envision the 3D chiral nanorod trimer system as plasmon ruler for spatial configuration retrieval and dynamic bio-process analysis at the single molecule level.
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39
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Abstract
A novel route of superchiral near-field generation is demonstrated based on geometrically achiral systems supporting degenerate and spatially superimposed plasmonic modes. Such systems generate a single-handed chiral near field with simultaneous zero far-field circular dichroism. The phenomenon is theoretically elucidated with a rotating dipole model, which predicts a uniform single-handed chiral near field that flips handedness solely by reversing the handedness of the source. This property allows detection of pure background free molecular chirality through near-field light-matter interaction, which is experimentally demonstrated in the precise identification of both handedness of a chiral molecule on a single substrate with about four orders of magnitude enhancement in detection sensitivity compared to its conventional volumetric counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Vázquez-Guardado
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA
| | - Debashis Chanda
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
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40
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Abstract
Metamaterials have opened up the possibility of unprecedented and fascinating concepts and applications in optics and photonics. Examples include negative refraction, perfect lenses, cloaking, perfect absorbers, and so on. Since these metamaterials are man-made materials composed of sub-wavelength structures, their development strongly depends on the advancement of micro- and nano-fabrication technologies. In particular, the realization of three-dimensional metamaterials is one of the big challenges in this research field. In this review, we describe recent progress in the fabrication technologies for three-dimensional metamaterials, as well as proposed applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuo Tanaka
- Metamaterials Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Innovative Photon Manipulation Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N21W10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midoriku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishikawa
- Metamaterials Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Innovative Photon Manipulation Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 Japan
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41
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Kang L, Rodrigues SP, Taghinejad M, Lan S, Lee KT, Liu Y, Werner DH, Urbas A, Cai W. Preserving Spin States upon Reflection: Linear and Nonlinear Responses of a Chiral Meta-Mirror. Nano Lett 2017; 17:7102-7109. [PMID: 29072915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventional metallic mirrors flip the spin of a circularly polarized wave upon normal incidence by inverting the direction of the propagation vector. Altering or maintaining the spin state of light waves carrying data is a critical need to be met at the brink of photonic information processing. In this work, we report a chiral metamaterial mirror that strongly absorbs a circularly polarized wave of one spin state and reflects that of the opposite spin in a manner conserving the circular polarization. A circular dichroic response in reflection as large as ∼0.5 is experimentally observed in a near-infrared wavelength band. By imaging a fabricated pattern composed of the enantiomeric unit cells, we directly visualize the two key features of our engineered meta-mirrors, namely the chiral-selective absorption and the polarization preservation upon reflection. Beyond the linear regime, the chiral resonances enhance light-matter interaction under circularly polarized excitation, greatly boosting the ability of the metamaterial to perform chiral-selective signal generation and optical imaging in the nonlinear regime. Chiral meta-mirrors, exhibiting giant chiroptical responses and spin-selective near-field enhancement, hold great promise for applications in polarization sensitive electro-optical information processing and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 771 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Center for Nanoscale Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sean P Rodrigues
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 771 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mohammad Taghinejad
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Shoufeng Lan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kyu-Tae Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yongmin Liu
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Douglas H Werner
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Center for Nanoscale Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Augustine Urbas
- Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Wenshan Cai
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 771 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Zhao J, Fu Y, Liu Z, Zhou J. Optical chirality breaking in a bilayered chiral metamaterial. Opt Express 2017; 25:23051-23059. [PMID: 29041609 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.023051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a planar optical bilayered chiral metamaterial, which consists of periodic metallic arrays of two L-shaped structures and a nanorod twisted on both sides of a dielectric slab, to investigate the optical chirality breaking effect by using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Even the metamaterial is with chiral symmetry, an optical chirality breaking window in the asymmetric transmission pass band is obtained in chiral metamaterial structure. We analyze the plasmonic mode properties and attribute the mechanism of the optical chirality breaking effect to the plasmonic analogue of EIT. The optical chirality breaking window can be modulated by changing the geometric parameters of the nanorods in the structure.
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Song K, Su Z, Wang M, Silva S, Bhattarai K, Ding C, Liu Y, Luo C, Zhao X, Zhou J. Broadband angle- and permittivity-insensitive nondispersive optical activity based on planar chiral metamaterials. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10730. [PMID: 28878332 PMCID: PMC5587580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the strong inherent resonances, the giant optical activity obtained via chiral metamaterials generally suffers from high dispersion, which has been a big stumbling block to broadband applications. In this paper, we propose a type of planar chiral metamaterial consisting of interconnected metal helix slat structures with four-fold symmetry, which exhibits nonresonant Drude-like response and can therefore avoid the highly dispersive optical activity resulting from resonances. It shows that the well-designed chiral metamaterial can achieve nondispersive and pure optical activity with high transmittance in a broadband frequency range. And the optical activity of multi-layer chiral metamaterials is proportional to the layer numbers of single-layer chiral metamaterial. Most remarkably, the broadband behaviors of nondispersive optical activity and high transmission are insensitive to the incident angles of electromagnetic waves and permittivity of dielectric substrate, thereby enabling more flexibility in polarization manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Song
- Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China.
| | - Zhaoxian Su
- Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Sinhara Silva
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33620-5700, USA
| | - Khagendra Bhattarai
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33620-5700, USA
| | - Changlin Ding
- Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Yahong Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Chunrong Luo
- Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China.
| | - Jiangfeng Zhou
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33620-5700, USA.
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Wang T, Fu T, Chen Y, Zhang Z. Circular dichroism of a tilted U-shaped nanostructure. Opt Lett 2017; 42:2842-2845. [PMID: 28708183 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The circular dichroism (CD) effect plays an important role in biological detection, analytical chemistry, and plasmonic sensing. Tilted 3D structures can generate CD signals under normal illumination. However, fabricating tilted 3D structures is complex and expensive. In this study, we fabricate a tilted U-shaped nanostructure (TUSN) on a polystyrene (PS) nanosphere through the glancing angle deposition method. One branch of the U-shaped nanostructure is tilted by raising a sheet of SiO2 on the PS nanosphere. And the CD signal of the TUSN is enhanced because the phase difference increases with increasing thickness of the SiO2 sheet. This work proposes a method for fabricating tilted nanostructures and elucidates the mechanism of the CD effect for future research.
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Ma X, Pu M, Li X, Guo Y, Gao P, Luo X. Meta-Chirality: Fundamentals, Construction and Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2017; 7:E116. [PMID: 28513560 PMCID: PMC5449997 DOI: 10.3390/nano7050116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chiral metamaterials represent a special type of artificial structures that cannot be superposed to their mirror images. Due to the lack of mirror symmetry, cross-coupling between electric and magnetic fields exist in chiral mediums and present unique electromagnetic characters of circular dichroism and optical activity, which provide a new opportunity to tune polarization and realize negative refractive index. Chiral metamaterials have attracted great attentions in recent years and have given rise to a series of applications in polarization manipulation, imaging, chemical and biological detection, and nonlinear optics. Here we review the fundamental theory of chiral media and analyze the construction principles of some typical chiral metamaterials. Then, the progress in extrinsic chiral metamaterials, absorbing chiral metamaterials, and reconfigurable chiral metamaterials are summarized. In the last section, future trends in chiral metamaterials and application in nonlinear optics are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Mingbo Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Yinghui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Xiangang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
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Abstract
We present a comprehensive overview of chirality and its optical manifestation in plasmonic nanosystems and nanostructures. We discuss top-down fabricated structures that range from solid metallic nanostructures to groupings of metallic nanoparticles arranged in three dimensions. We also present the large variety of bottom-up synthesized structures. Using DNA, peptides, or other scaffolds, complex nanoparticle arrangements of up to hundreds of individual nanoparticles have been realized. Beyond this static picture, we also give an overview of recent demonstrations of active chiral plasmonic systems, where the chiral optical response can be controlled by an external stimulus. We discuss the prospect of using the unique properties of complex chiral plasmonic systems for enantiomeric sensing schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Hentschel
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Schäferling
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xiaoyang Duan
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Giessen
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Na Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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Zhao Y, Askarpour AN, Sun L, Shi J, Li X, Alù A. Chirality detection of enantiomers using twisted optical metamaterials. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14180. [PMID: 28120825 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many naturally occurring biomolecules, such as amino acids, sugars and nucleotides, are inherently chiral. Enantiomers, a pair of chiral isomers with opposite handedness, often exhibit similar physical and chemical properties due to their identical functional groups and composition, yet show different toxicity to cells. Detecting enantiomers in small quantities has an essential role in drug development to eliminate their unwanted side effects. Here we exploit strong chiral interactions with plasmonic metamaterials with specifically designed optical response to sense chiral molecules down to zeptomole levels, several orders of magnitude smaller than what is typically detectable with conventional circular dichroism spectroscopy. In particular, the measured spectra reveal opposite signs in the spectral regime directly associated with different chiral responses, providing a way to univocally assess molecular chirality. Our work introduces an ultrathin, planarized nanophotonic interface to sense chiral molecules with inherently weak circular dichroism at visible and near-infrared frequencies.
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Wang Z, Cheng F, Winsor T, Liu Y. Optical chiral metamaterials: a review of the fundamentals, fabrication methods and applications. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:412001. [PMID: 27606801 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/41/412001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Optical chiral metamaterials have recently attracted considerable attention because they offer new and exciting opportunities for fundamental research and practical applications. Through pragmatic designs, the chiroptical response of chiral metamaterials can be several orders of magnitude higher than that of natural chiral materials. Meanwhile, the local chiral fields can be enhanced by plasmonic resonances to drive a wide range of physical and chemical processes in both linear and nonlinear regimes. In this review, we will discuss the fundamental principles of chiral metamaterials, various optical chiral metamaterials realized by different nanofabrication approaches, and the applications and future prospects of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuojia Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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50
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Banzer P, Woźniak P, Mick U, De Leon I, Boyd RW. Chiral optical response of planar and symmetric nanotrimers enabled by heteromaterial selection. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13117. [PMID: 27734960 PMCID: PMC5065623 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality is an intriguing property of certain molecules, materials or artificial nanostructures, which allows them to interact with the spin angular momentum of the impinging light field. Due to their chiral geometry, they can distinguish between left- and right-hand circular polarization states or convert them into each other. Here we introduce an approach towards optical chirality, which is observed in individual two-dimensional and geometrically mirror-symmetric nanostructures. In this scheme, the chiral optical response is induced by the chosen heterogeneous material composition of a particle assembly and the corresponding resonance behaviour of the constituents it is built from, which breaks the symmetry of the system. As a proof of principle, we investigate such a structure composed of individual silicon and gold nanoparticles both experimentally, as well as numerically. Our proposed concept constitutes an approach for designing two-dimensional chiral media tailored at the nanoscale, allowing for high tunability of their optical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Banzer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Guenther-Scharowsky-Straße 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 7/B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
- Max Planck University of Ottawa Centre for Extreme and Quantum Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Paweł Woźniak
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Guenther-Scharowsky-Straße 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 7/B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Max Planck University of Ottawa Centre for Extreme and Quantum Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Uwe Mick
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Guenther-Scharowsky-Straße 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 7/B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Max Planck University of Ottawa Centre for Extreme and Quantum Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Israel De Leon
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
- Max Planck University of Ottawa Centre for Extreme and Quantum Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico
| | - Robert W. Boyd
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
- Max Planck University of Ottawa Centre for Extreme and Quantum Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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