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Deng M, Xiao T, Xu X, Wang W, Yang Z, Lu K. Nicotinamide deficiency promotes imidacloprid resistance via activation of ROS/CncC signaling pathway-mediated UGT detoxification in Nilaparvata lugens. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:172035. [PMID: 38565349 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic alternation is a typical characteristic of insecticide resistance in insects. However, mechanisms underlying metabolic alternation and how altered metabolism in turn affects insecticide resistance are largely unknown. Here, we report that nicotinamide levels are decreased in the imidacloprid-resistant strain of Nilaparvata lugens, may due to reduced abundance of the symbiotic bacteria Arsenophonus. Importantly, the low levels of nicotinamide promote imidacloprid resistance via metabolic detoxification alternation, including elevations in UDP-glycosyltransferase enzymatic activity and enhancements in UGT386B2-mediated metabolism capability. Mechanistically, nicotinamide suppresses transcriptional regulatory activities of cap 'n' collar isoform C (CncC) and its partner small muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis isoform K (MafK) by scavenging the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and blocking the DNA binding domain of MafK. In imidacloprid-resistant N. lugens, nicotinamide deficiency re-activates the ROS/CncC signaling pathway to provoke UGT386B2 overexpression, thereby promoting imidacloprid detoxification. Thus, nicotinamide metabolism represents a promising target to counteract imidacloprid resistance in N. lugens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Deng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tianxiang Xiao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiyue Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhiming Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Li Z, Li W, Mu Q, Zhu Y, Qin W, Shi X, He Y. Rifampicin synergizes the toxicity of insecticides against the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 276:116291. [PMID: 38581910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Myzus persicae is an important pest that has developed resistance to nearly all currently used insecticidal products. The employment of insecticide synergists is one of the effective strategies that need to be developed for the management of this resistance. Our study showed that treatment with a combination of the antibiotic, rifampicin, with imidacloprid, cyantraniliprole, or clothianidin significantly increased their toxicities against M. persicae, by 2.72, 3.59, and 2.41 folds, respectively. Rifampicin treatment led to a noteworthy reduction in the activities of multifunctional oxidases (by 32.64%) and esterases (by 23.80%), along with a decrease in the expression of the CYP6CY3 gene (by 58.57%) in M. persicae. It also negatively impacted the fitness of the aphids, including weight, life span, number of offspring, and elongation of developmental duration. In addition, bioassays showed that the combination of rifampicin and a detoxification enzyme inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide, or dsRNA of CYP6CY3 further significantly improved the toxicity of imidacloprid against M. persicae, by 6.19- and 7.55-fold, respectively. The present study suggests that development of active ingredients such as rifampicin as candidate synergists, show promise to overcome metabolic resistance to insecticides in aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxin Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China; School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenhong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Qing Mu
- Guizhou Province Tobacco Companies Qian xinan Municipal Tobacco Company, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Yicheng Zhu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weiwei Qin
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaobin Shi
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yueping He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Shamjana U, Vasu DA, Hembrom PS, Nayak K, Grace T. The role of insect gut microbiota in host fitness, detoxification and nutrient supplementation. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:71. [PMID: 38668783 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Insects are incredibly diverse, ubiquitous and have successfully flourished out of the dynamic and often unpredictable nature of evolutionary processes. The resident microbiome has accompanied the physical and biological adaptations that enable their continued survival and proliferation in a wide array of environments. The host insect and microbiome's bidirectional relationship exhibits their capability to influence each other's physiology, behavior and characteristics. Insects are reported to rely directly on the microbial community to break down complex food, adapt to nutrient-deficit environments, protect themselves from natural adversaries and control the expression of social behavior. High-throughput metagenomic approaches have enhanced the potential for determining the abundance, composition, diversity and functional activities of microbial fauna associated with insect hosts, enabling in-depth investigation into insect-microbe interactions. We undertook a review of some of the major advances in the field of metagenomics, focusing on insect-microbe interaction, diversity and composition of resident microbiota, the functional capability of endosymbionts and discussions on different symbiotic relationships. The review aims to be a valuable resource on insect gut symbiotic microbiota by providing a comprehensive understanding of how insect gut symbionts systematically perform a range of functions, viz., insecticide degradation, nutritional support and immune fitness. A thorough understanding of manipulating specific gut symbionts may aid in developing advanced insect-associated research to attain health and design strategies for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Shamjana
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Deepa Azhchath Vasu
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Preety Sweta Hembrom
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Karunakar Nayak
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Tony Grace
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India.
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Azarm A, Koosha M, Dalimi A, Zahraie-Ramazani A, Akhavan AA, Saeidi Z, Mohebali M, Azam K, Vatandoost H, Oshaghi MA. Association Between Wolbachia Infection and Susceptibility to Deltamethrin Insecticide in Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae), the Main Vector of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:159-165. [PMID: 38016137 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) is the main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. Wolbachia is a symbiotic alphaproteobacteria of arthropods that can be involved in susceptibility or resistance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Wolbachia and Deltamethrin susceptibility/resistance in Ph. papatasi. Deltamethrin filter papers (0.00002%) were used to test sand fly field collected from southern Iran. After the test, PCR amplification of the Wolbachia surface protein gene (wsp) was used to measure Wolbachia infection rate in the killed, surviving, and control groups. Result: The rates of infection by Wolbachia strain (wPap, super group A) differed between killed (susceptible) and surviving (resistant) Ph. papatasi specimens. The rate of Wolbachia infection in susceptible individuals was more than twice (2.3) (39% vs. 17%) in resistant individuals with the same genetic background. This difference was highly significant (p < 0.001), indicating a positive association between Wolbachia infection and susceptibility to Deltamethrin. In addition, the results showed that Deltamethrin can act as a PCR inhibitor during detection of Wolbachia in Ph. papatasi. Conclusion: Results of this study show that Wolbachia is associated with Deltamethrin susceptibility level in Ph. papatasi. Also, as Deltamethrin has been identified as a PCR inhibitor, great care must be taken in interpreting Wolbachia infection status in infected populations. The results of this study may provide information for a better understanding of the host-symbiont relationship, as well as application of host symbiosis in pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrollah Azarm
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Koosha
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Dalimi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zahraie-Ramazani
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ahmad Akhavan
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Saeidi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology and School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamal Azam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Oshaghi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ye QT, Gong X, Liu HH, Wu BX, Peng CW, Hong XY, Bing XL. The symbiont Wolbachia alleviates pesticide susceptibility in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae through enhanced host detoxification pathways. Insect Sci 2024. [PMID: 38388801 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) is one of the most well-known pesticide-resistant agricultural pests, with resistance often attributed to changes such as target-site mutations and detoxification activation. Recent studies show that pesticide resistance can also be influenced by symbionts, but their involvement in this process in spider mites remains uncertain. Here, we found that infection with Wolbachia, a well-known bacterial reproductive manipulator, significantly increased mite survival after exposure to the insecticides abamectin, cyflumetofen, and pyridaben. Wolbachia-infected (WI) mites showed higher expression of detoxification genes such as P450, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), ABC transporters, and carboxyl/cholinesterases. RNA interference experiments confirmed the role of the two above-mentioned detoxification genes, TuCYP392D2 and TuGSTd05, in pesticide resistance. Increased GST activities were also observed in abamectin-treated WI mites. In addition, when wild populations were treated with abamectin, WI mites generally showed better survival than uninfected mites. However, genetically homogeneous mites with different Wolbachia strains showed similar survival. Finally, abamectin treatment increased Wolbachia abundance without altering the mite's bacterial community. This finding highlights the role of Wolbachia in orchestrating pesticide resistance by modulating host detoxification. By unraveling the intricate interplay between symbionts and pesticide resistance, our study lays the groundwork for pioneering strategies to combat agricultural pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Tong Ye
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Gong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan-Huan Liu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing-Xuan Wu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang-Wu Peng
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Li Bing
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Fei H, Cui J, Zhu S, Xia Y, Xing Y, Gao Y, Shi S. Integrative Analyses of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics in Immune Response of Leguminivora glycinivorella Mats to Beauveria bassiana Infection. Insects 2024; 15:126. [PMID: 38392545 PMCID: PMC10889468 DOI: 10.3390/insects15020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
This study utilized Beauveria bassiana to infect Leguminivora glycinivorella, analyzed the effects on the transcriptome and metabolome, and further investigated the antibacterial function of L. glycinivorella. We performed transcriptome and metabolome sequencing on the L. glycinivorella infected with B. bassiana and its control groups, and performed a joint analysis of transcriptome and metabolome results. Upon screening, 4560 differentially expressed genes were obtained in the transcriptome and 71 differentially expressed metabolites were obtained in the metabolome. On this basis, further integration of the use of transcriptomics and metabonomics combined an analysis of common enrichments of pathways of which there were three. They were glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) genes, heat shock protein (HSP) genes, and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes. These three pathways regulate the transport proteins, such as ppars, and thus affect the digestion and absorption of sugars and fats, thus regulating the development of pests. The above conclusion indicates that B. bassiana can affect the sugar metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism pathways of L. glycinivorella, and can consume the necessary energy, protein, and lipids of L. glycinivorella. The research on the immune response mechanism of pests against pathogens can provide an important scientific basis and target for the development of immunosuppressants. This study laid an information foundation for the application of entomogenous fungi to control soybean borer at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Fei
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin City Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Juan Cui
- Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132109, China
| | - Shiyu Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ye Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yichang Xing
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shusen Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Cheng Y, Yang J, Li T, Li J, Ye M, Wang J, Chen R, Zhu L, Du B, He G. Endosymbiotic Fungal Diversity and Dynamics of the Brown Planthopper across Developmental Stages, Tissues, and Sexes Revealed Using Circular Consensus Sequencing. Insects 2024; 15:87. [PMID: 38392507 PMCID: PMC10889434 DOI: 10.3390/insects15020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Endosymbiotic fungi play an important role in the growth and development of insects. Understanding the endosymbiont communities hosted by the brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens Stål), the most destructive pest in rice, is a prerequisite for controlling BPH rice infestations. However, the endosymbiont diversity and dynamics of the BPH remain poorly studied. Here, we used circular consensus sequencing (CCS) to obtain 87,131 OTUs (operational taxonomic units), which annotated 730 species of endosymbiotic fungi in the various developmental stages and tissues. We found that three yeast-like symbionts (YLSs), Polycephalomyces prolificus, Ophiocordyceps heteropoda, and Hirsutella proturicola, were dominant in almost all samples, which was especially pronounced in instar nymphs 4-5, female adults, and the fat bodies of female and male adult BPH. Interestingly, honeydew as the only in vitro sample had a unique community structure. Various diversity indices might indicate the different activity of endosymbionts in these stages and tissues. The biomarkers analyzed using LEfSe suggested some special functions of samples at different developmental stages of growth and the active functions of specific tissues in different sexes. Finally, we found that the incidence of occurrence of three species of Malassezia and Fusarium sp. was higher in males than in females in all comparison groups. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive survey of symbiotic fungi in the BPH, which complements the previous research on YLSs. These results offer new theoretical insights and practical implications for novel pest management strategies to understand the BPH-microbe symbiosis and devise effective pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tianzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiamei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Meng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Rongzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guangcun He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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Tang Y, Huang L, Sun X, Ren C, Liu TW, Wu W, Zhang Z, Zhu W. Effects of allicin on growth performance, antioxidant profile, and microbiota compared to monensin of growing goats. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13917. [PMID: 38323750 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Allicin is a sulfur-containing compound extracted from raw garlic (Allium sativum L.). We compared the effect of allicin addition on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and rumen microbiota of goats compared to monensin. Twenty-four Anhui white goats were assigned randomly to one of three dietary treatments: 1) a basal diet (CON); 2) the basal diet with allicin addition at 750 mg per head per day (AC); 3) the basal diet with monensin addition at 30 mg per kg of diet (MS). Animals were fed for 8 weeks. Results showed the average daily gain, and feed efficiency was increased with allicin and monensin addition. Serum levels of IgG, total superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were higher in the AC group than those in the CON and MS groups. The microbiota analysis revealed that monensin addition mainly affected genera related to carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and allicin mainly affected genera related to energy metabolism and intestinal health. In conclusion, allicin could improve growth performance and have advantages over monensin in improving the antioxidant capacity and immune function of goats. Allicin may be a potential alternative to monensin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Li Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Xinyang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Chunhuan Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Tian Wei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Wenxuan Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Institute of New Rural Development, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China
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9
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Deng Z, Lai C, Zhang J, Sun F, Li D, Hao P, Shentu X, Pang K, Yu X. Effects of Secondary Metabolites of Rice on Brown Planthopper and Its Symbionts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:386. [PMID: 38203556 PMCID: PMC10779037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (BPH) is a main rice pest in China and many other Asian countries. In the control of BPH, the application of insect-resistant rice has proven to be quite effective. Secondary metabolites are essential weapons in plants' defense against phytophagous insects. Studies have found that differences in the content of secondary metabolites play a crucial role in determining whether rice exhibits resistance or susceptibility to BPH. Simultaneously, symbionts are essential to the BPH. Nevertheless, there is limited research on the impact of secondary metabolites on the symbionts within BPH. Therefore, investigating the influence of secondary metabolites on both BPH and their symbionts is significant for the control of BPH. In this experiment, newly emerged female adults of BPH were fed artificial diets containing 10 different secondary metabolites. The results indicated that methyl jasmonate had inhibitory effects on the survival rate, weight gain, and reproductive capacity of BPH. Using qPCR methods, it was discovered that the number of symbiotic fungi (Ascomycetes symbionts) within BPH significantly decreased under methyl jasmonate stress. In conclusion, this experiment has preliminarily revealed the inhibitory effects of methyl jasmonate on BPH and its symbionts, demonstrating its potential for controlling BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kun Pang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Modern Science and Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Z.D.); (C.L.); (J.Z.); (F.S.); (D.L.); (P.H.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Modern Science and Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Z.D.); (C.L.); (J.Z.); (F.S.); (D.L.); (P.H.); (X.S.)
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10
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Zeng B, Zhang F, Liu YT, Wu SF, Bass C, Gao CF. Symbiotic bacteria confer insecticide resistance by metabolizing buprofezin in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011828. [PMID: 38091367 PMCID: PMC10718449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Buprofezin, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, is widely used to control several economically important insect crop pests. However, the overuse of buprofezin has led to the evolution of resistance and exposed off-target organisms present in agri-environments to this compound. As many as six different strains of bacteria isolated from these environments have been shown to degrade buprofezin. However, whether insects can acquire these buprofezin-degrading bacteria from soil and enhance their own resistance to buprofezin remains unknown. Here we show that field strains of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, have acquired a symbiotic bacteria, occurring naturally in soil and water, that provides them with resistance to buprofezin. We isolated a symbiotic bacterium, Serratia marcescens (Bup_Serratia), from buprofezin-resistant N. lugens and showed it has the capacity to degrade buprofezin. Buprofezin-susceptible N. lugens inoculated with Bup_Serratia became resistant to buprofezin, while antibiotic-treated N. lugens became susceptible to this insecticide, confirming the important role of Bup_Serratia in resistance. Sequencing of the Bup_Serratia genome identified a suite of candidate genes involved in the degradation of buprofezin, that were upregulated upon exposure to buprofezin. Our findings demonstrate that S. marcescens, an opportunistic pathogen of humans, can metabolize the insecticide buprofezin and form a mutualistic relationship with N. lugens to enhance host resistance to buprofezin. These results provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance and the interactions between bacteria, insects and insecticides in the environment. From an applied perspective they also have implications for the control of highly damaging crop pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zeng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ting Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shun-Fan Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chris Bass
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Cong-Fen Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Mondal S, Somani J, Roy S, Babu A, Pandey AK. Insect Microbial Symbionts: Ecology, Interactions, and Biological Significance. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2665. [PMID: 38004678 PMCID: PMC10672782 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The guts of insect pests are typical habitats for microbial colonization and the presence of bacterial species inside the gut confers several potential advantages to the insects. These gut bacteria are located symbiotically inside the digestive tracts of insects and help in food digestion, phytotoxin breakdown, and pesticide detoxification. Different shapes and chemical assets of insect gastrointestinal tracts have a significant impact on the structure and makeup of the microbial population. The number of microbial communities inside the gastrointestinal system differs owing to the varying shape and chemical composition of digestive tracts. Due to their short generation times and rapid evolutionary rates, insect gut bacteria can develop numerous metabolic pathways and can adapt to diverse ecological niches. In addition, despite hindering insecticide management programs, they still have several biotechnological uses, including industrial, clinical, and environmental uses. This review discusses the prevalent bacterial species associated with insect guts, their mode of symbiotic interaction, their role in insecticide resistance, and various other biological significance, along with knowledge gaps and future perspectives. The practical consequences of the gut microbiome and its interaction with the insect host may lead to encountering the mechanisms behind the evolution of pesticide resistance in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankhadeep Mondal
- Deparment of Entomology, Tea Research Association, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Jorhat 785008, Assam, India; (S.M.)
| | - Jigyasa Somani
- Deparment of Entomology, Tea Research Association, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Jorhat 785008, Assam, India; (S.M.)
| | - Somnath Roy
- Deparment of Entomology, Tea Research Association, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Jorhat 785008, Assam, India; (S.M.)
| | - Azariah Babu
- Deparment of Entomology, Tea Research Association, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Jorhat 785008, Assam, India; (S.M.)
| | - Abhay K. Pandey
- Deparment of Mycology & Microbiology, Tea Research Association, North Bengal Regional R & D Centre, Nagrakata, Jalpaiguri 735225, West Bengal, India
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12
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Gong G, Hong Y, Wang X, De Mandal S, Zafar J, Huang L, Jin F, Xu X. Nicotine perturbs the microbiota of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens stål Hemiptera: Delphinidae). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 264:115383. [PMID: 37634480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial symbionts exhibiting co-evolutionary patterns with insect hosts play a vital role in the nutrient synthesis, metabolism, development, reproduction, and immunity of insects. The brown planthopper (BPH) has a strong ability to adapt to various environmental stresses and can develop resistance to broad-spectrum insecticides. We aimed to investigate whether gut symbionts of BPH play a major role in the detoxification of insecticides and host fitness in unfavorable environments. Nicotine-treated rice plants were exposed to BPH (early stage) and the gut microbiome of the emerging female adults were analyzed using high throughput sequencing (HTS). Nicotine administration altered the diversity and community structure of BPH symbionts with significant increases in bacterial members such as Microbacteriaceae, Comamondaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and these changes may be associated with host survival strategies in adverse environments. Furthermore, the in-vitro study showed that four intestinal bacterial strains of BPH (Enterobacter NLB1, Bacillus cereus NL1, Ralstonia NLG26, and Delftia NLG11) could degrade nicotine when grown in a nicotine-containing medium, with the highest degradation (71%) observed in Delftia NLG11. RT-qPCR and ELISA analysis revealed an increased expression level of CYP6AY1 and P450 enzyme activities in Delftia NLG11, respectively. CYP6AY1 increased by 20% under the action of Delftia and nicotine, while P450 enzyme activity increased by 18.1%. After CYP6AY1 interference, nicotine tolerance decreased, and the mortality rate reached 76.65% on the first day and 100% on the third day. Moreover, Delftia NLG11 helped axenic BPHs to increase their survival rate when fed nicotine in the liquid-diet sac (LDS) feeding system. Compared with axenic BPHs, the survival rate improved by 25.11% on day 2% and 6.67% on day 3. These results revealed an altered gut microbiota and a cooperative relationship between Delftia NLG11 and CYP6AY1 in nicotine-treated BPH, suggesting that insects can adapt to a hostile environment by interacting with their symbionts and providing a new idea for integrated pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yingying Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Surajit De Mandal
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Junaid Zafar
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ling Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fengliang Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxia Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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13
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Lobbia PA, Rodríguez C, Mougabure-Cueto G. Can infection with Trypanosoma cruzi modify the toxicological response of Triatoma infestans susceptible and resistant to deltamethrin? Acta Trop 2023; 245:106969. [PMID: 37328120 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical control plays a central role in interrupting the vector transmission of Chagas disease. In recent years, high levels of resistance to pyrethroids have been detected in the main vector Triatoma infestans, which were associated with less effectiveness in chemical control campaigns in different regions of Argentina and Bolivia. The presence of the parasite within its vector can modify a wide range of insect physiological processes, including toxicological susceptibility and the expression of resistance to insecticides. This study examined for the first time the possible effects of Trypanosoma cruzi infection on susceptibility and resistance to deltamethrin in T. infestans. Using WHO protocol resistance monitoring assays, we exposed resistant and susceptible strains of T. infestans, uninfected and infected with T. cruzi to different concentrations of deltamethrin in fourth-instar nymphs at days 10-20 post-emergence and monitored survival at 24, 48, and 72 h. Our findings suggest that the infection affected the toxicological susceptibility of the susceptible strain, showing higher mortality than uninfected susceptible insects when exposed to both deltamethrin and acetone. On the other hand, the infection did not affect the toxicological susceptibility of the resistant strain, infected and uninfected showed similar toxic responses and the resistance ratios was not modified. This is the first report of the effect of T. cruzi on the toxicological susceptibility of T. infestans and triatomines in general and, to our knowledge, one of the few on the effect of a parasite on the insecticide susceptibility of its insect vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Lobbia
- Unidad Operativa de Vectores y Ambiente (UnOVE), Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán", Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Claudia Rodríguez
- Cátedra de Morfología animal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT/CONICET), Argentina
| | - Gastón Mougabure-Cueto
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Fisiología de Insectos, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada - IBBEA (UBA/CONICET), Argentina.
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14
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Ren Z, Cai T, Wan Y, Zeng Q, Li C, Zhang J, Ma K, He S, Li J, Wan H. Unintended consequences: Disrupting microbial communities of Nilaparvata lugens with non-target pesticides. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 194:105522. [PMID: 37532306 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Insects are frequently exposed to a range of insecticides that can alter the structure of the commensal microbiome. However, the effects of exposure to non-target pesticides (including non-target insecticides and fungicides) on insect pest microbiomes are still unclear. In the present study, we exposed Nilaparvata lugens to three target insecticides (nitenpyram, pymetrozine, and avermectin), a non-target insecticide (chlorantraniliprole), and two fungicides (propiconazole and tebuconazole), and observed changes in the microbiome's structure and function. Our results showed that both non-target insecticide and fungicides can disrupt the microbiome's structure. Specifically, symbiotic bacteria of N. lugens were more sensitive to non-target insecticide compared to target insecticide, while the symbiotic fungi were more sensitive to fungicides. We also found that the microbiome in the field strain was more stable under pesticides exposure than the laboratory strain (a susceptible strain), and core microbial species g_Pseudomonas, s_Acinetobacter soli, g_Lactobacillus, s_Metarhizium minus, and s_Penicillium citrinum were significantly affected by specifically pesticides. Furthermore, the functions of symbiotic bacteria in nutrient synthesis were predicted to be significantly reduced by non-target insecticide. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of non-target pesticides on insect microbial communities and highlight the need for scientific and rational use of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tingwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yue Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qinghong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kangsheng Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shun He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hu Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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15
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Blanton AG, Perkins S, Peterson BF. In vitro assays reveal inherently insecticide-tolerant termite symbionts. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1134936. [PMID: 37501931 PMCID: PMC10368989 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1134936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Termite symbionts are well known for conferring a myriad of benefits to their hosts. Bacterial symbionts are repeatedly associated with increased fitness, nutritional supplementation, pathogen protection, and proper development across insect taxa. In addition, several recent studies link bacterial symbionts to reduced insecticide efficacy. This has important implications both in pest control management and environmental bioremediation efforts. Insects' guts may be a valuable resource for microbes with broad application given their unique niches and metabolic diversity. Though insecticide resistance in termites is considered unlikely due to their life history, the close association of termites with a multitude of bacteria raises the question: is there potential for symbiont-mediated pesticide tolerance in termites? Methods and results: We identified a candidate that could grow in minimal medium containing formulated pesticide. This bacterial isolate was then subjected to continuous culture and subsequently demonstrated improved performance in the presence of pesticide. Isolates subjected to continuous culture were then grown at a range of concentrations from 1-10X the formulation rate. After constant exposure for several generations, isolates grew significantly better. Conclusion: Here we demonstrate that naïve insect hosts can harbor symbionts with inherent insecticide tolerance capable of rapid adaptation to increasing insecticide concentrations overtime. This has broad implications for both pest control and environmental cleanup of residual pesticides.
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16
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Medina P, Russell SL, Corbett-Detig R. Deep data mining reveals variable abundance and distribution of microbial reproductive manipulators within and among diverse host species. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288261. [PMID: 37432953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial symbionts that manipulate the reproduction of their hosts are important factors in invertebrate ecology and evolution, and are being leveraged for host biological control. Infection prevalence restricts which biological control strategies are possible and is thought to be strongly influenced by the density of symbiont infection within hosts, termed titer. Current methods to estimate infection prevalence and symbiont titers are low-throughput, biased towards sampling infected species, and rarely measure titer. Here we develop a data mining approach to estimate symbiont infection frequencies within host species and titers within host tissues. We applied this approach to screen ~32,000 publicly available sequence samples from the most common symbiont host taxa, discovering 2,083 arthropod and 119 nematode infected samples. From these data, we estimated that Wolbachia infects approximately 44% of all arthropod and 34% of all nematode species, while other reproductive manipulators only infect 1-8% of arthropod and nematode species. Although relative titers within hosts were highly variable within and between arthropod species, a combination of arthropod host species and Wolbachia strain explained approximately 36% of variation in Wolbachia titer across the dataset. To explore potential mechanisms for host control of symbiont titer, we leveraged population genomic data from the model system Drosophila melanogaster. In this host, we found a number of SNPs associated with titer in candidate genes potentially relevant to host interactions with Wolbachia. Our study demonstrates that data mining is a powerful tool to detect bacterial infections and quantify infection intensities, thus opening an array of previously inaccessible data for further analysis in host-symbiont evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Medina
- Genomics Institute, Department of Biomolecular Engineering UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Shelbi L Russell
- Genomics Institute, Department of Biomolecular Engineering UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Russell Corbett-Detig
- Genomics Institute, Department of Biomolecular Engineering UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
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17
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Chang H, Guo J, Qi G, Gao Y, Wang S, Wang X, Liu Y. Comparative analyses of the effects of sublethal doses of emamectin benzoate and tetrachlorantraniliprole on the gut microbiota of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J Insect Sci 2023; 23:7. [PMID: 37471131 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) is an important invasive pest that poses a serious threat to global crop production. Both emamectin benzoate (EB) and diamide insecticides are effective insecticides used to protect against S. frugiperda. Here, 16S rRNA sequencing was used to characterize the gut microbiota in S. frugiperda larvae exposed to EB or tetrachlorantraniliprole (TE). Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were found to be the dominant bacterial phyla present in the intestines of S. frugiperda. Following insecticide treatment, larvae were enriched for species involved in the process of insecticide degradation. High-level alpha and beta diversity indices suggested that exposure to TE and EB significantly altered the composition and diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota in S. frugiperda. At 24 h post-EB treatment, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia abundance was significantly increased relative to the control group, with significant increases in Stenotrophobacter, Nitrospira, Blastocatella, Sulfurifustis, and Flavobacterium also being evident in these larvae. These microbes may play a role in the degradation or detoxification of EB and TE, although further work will be needed to explore the mechanisms underlying such activity. Overall, these findings will serve as a theoretical foundation for subsequent studies of the relationship between the gut microbiota and insecticide resistance in S. frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianglong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, IPM Center of Hebei Province, Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Guojun Qi
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
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18
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Wang Z, Yong H, Zhang S, Liu Z, Zhao Y. Colonization Resistance of Symbionts in Their Insect Hosts. Insects 2023; 14:594. [PMID: 37504600 PMCID: PMC10380809 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The symbiotic microbiome is critical in promoting insect resistance against colonization by exogenous microorganisms. The mechanisms by which symbionts contribute to the host's immune capacity is referred to as colonization resistance. Symbionts can protect insects from exogenous pathogens through a variety of mechanisms, including upregulating the expression of host immune-related genes, producing antimicrobial substances, and competitively excluding pathogens. Concordantly, insects have evolved fine-tuned regulatory mechanisms to avoid overactive immune responses against symbionts or specialized cells to harbor symbionts. Alternatively, some symbionts have evolved special adaptations, such as the formation of biofilms to increase their tolerance to host immune responses. Here, we provide a review of the mechanisms about colonization resistance of symbionts in their insect hosts. Adaptations of symbionts and their insect hosts that may maintain such symbiotic relationships, and the significance of such relationships in the coevolution of symbiotic systems are also discussed to provide insights into the in-depth study of the contribution of symbionts to host physiology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Wang
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hanzi Yong
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yaru Zhao
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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19
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Tian PP, Zhang YL, Huang JL, Li WY, Liu XD. Arsenophonus Interacts with Buchnera to Improve Growth Performance of Aphids under Amino Acid Stress. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0179223. [PMID: 37222634 PMCID: PMC10269474 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01792-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids play a crucial role in the growth and development of insects. Aphids cannot ingest enough amino acids in plant phloem to meet their requirements, and therefore, they are mainly dependent on the obligate symbiont Buchnera aphidicola to synthesize essential amino acids. Besides Buchnera, aphids may harbor another facultative symbiont, Arsenophonus, which alters the requirement of the cotton-melon aphid Aphis gossypii for amino acid. However, it is unclear how Arsenophonus regulates the requirement. Here, we found that Arsenophonus ameliorated growth performance of A. gossypii on an amino acid-deficient diet. A deficiency in lysine (Lys) or methionine (Met) led to changes in the abundance of Arsenophonus. Arsenophonus suppressed the abundance of Buchnera when aphids were fed a normal amino acid diet, but this suppression was eliminated or reversed when aphids were on a Lys- or Met-deficient diet. The relative abundance of Arsenophonus was positively correlated with that of Buchnera, but neither of them was correlated with the body weight of aphids. The relative expression levels of Lys and Met synthase genes of Buchnera were affected by the interaction between Arsenophonus infections and Buchnera abundance, especially in aphids reared on a Lys- or Met-deficient diet. Arsenophonus coexisted with Buchnera in bacteriocytes, which strengthens the interaction. IMPORTANCE The obligate symbiont Buchnera can synthesize amino acids for aphids. In this study, we found that a facultative symbiont, Arsenophonus, can help improve aphids' growth performance under amino acid deficiency stress by changing the relative abundance of Buchnera and the expression levels of amino acid synthase genes. This study highlights the interaction between Arsenophonus and Buchnera to ameliorate aphid growth under amino acid stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Tian
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Ling Huang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang-Yan Li
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Liu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Gu X, Ross PA, Gill A, Yang Q, Ansermin E, Sharma S, Soleimannejad S, Sharma K, Callahan A, Brown C, Umina PA, Kristensen TN, Hoffmann AA. A rapidly spreading deleterious aphid endosymbiont that uses horizontal as well as vertical transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217278120. [PMID: 37094148 PMCID: PMC10161079 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217278120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosymbiotic bacteria that live inside the cells of insects are typically only transmitted maternally and can spread by increasing host fitness and/or modifying reproduction in sexual hosts. Transinfections of Wolbachia endosymbionts are now being used to introduce useful phenotypes into sexual host populations, but there has been limited progress on applications using other endosymbionts and in asexual populations. Here, we develop a unique pathway to application in aphids by transferring the endosymbiont Rickettsiella viridis to the major crop pest Myzus persicae. Rickettsiella infection greatly reduced aphid fecundity, decreased heat tolerance, and modified aphid body color, from light to dark green. Despite inducing host fitness costs, Rickettsiella spread rapidly through caged aphid populations via plant-mediated horizontal transmission. The phenotypic effects of Rickettsiella were sensitive to temperature, with spread only occurring at 19 °C and not 25 °C. Body color modification was also lost at high temperatures despite Rickettsiella maintaining a high density. Rickettsiella shows the potential to spread through natural M. persicae populations by horizontal transmission and subsequent vertical transmission. Establishment of Rickettsiella in natural populations could reduce crop damage by modifying population age structure, reducing population growth and providing context-dependent effects on host fitness. Our results highlight the importance of plant-mediated horizontal transmission and interactions with temperature as drivers of endosymbiont spread in asexual insect populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Gu
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Perran A. Ross
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Section for Bioscience and Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg9220, Denmark
| | - Alex Gill
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Qiong Yang
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Eloïse Ansermin
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sonia Sharma
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Safieh Soleimannejad
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kanav Sharma
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ashley Callahan
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Courtney Brown
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Paul A. Umina
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Cesar Australia, Brunswick, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Torsten N. Kristensen
- Section for Bioscience and Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg9220, Denmark
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Section for Bioscience and Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg9220, Denmark
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Li Z, Li W, Qin W, Liu J, He Y. Ampicillin enhanced the resistance of Myzus persicae to imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:1388-1398. [PMID: 36453026 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that symbionts are involved in regulating insecticide detoxification in insects. However, there are few studies on the relationship between the symbionts found in Myzus persicae and the mechanism underlying host detoxification of insecticides. In this study, antibiotic ampicillin treatment was used to investigate the possible relationship between symbiotic bacteria and the detoxification of insecticides in the host, M. persicae. RESULTS Bioassays showed that ampicillin significantly reduced the susceptibilities of M. persicae to imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole. Synergistic bioassays and RNAi assays showed that the susceptibilities of M. persicae to imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole were related to metabolic detoxification enzyme activities and the expression level of the cytochrome P450 gene, CYP6CY3. Also, treatment to a combination of ampicillin and enzyme inhibitors or dsCYP6CY3 showed that the negative effect of ampicillin on the susceptibility of M. persicae was effectively inhibited bydetoxification enzyme inhibitors and dsCYP6CY3. Additionally, ampicillin treatment resulted in significant increases in the activities of multifunctional oxidases and esterases, the expression level of CYP6CY3 and fitness of M. persicae. Further, ampicillin significantly reduced the total bacterial abundance and changed symbiont diversity in M. persicae. The abundance of Pseudomonadaceae decreased significantly, while the abundance of Rhodococcus and Buchnera increased significantly. CONCLUSION Our study showed that ampicillin enhanced the resistance levels to imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole of M. persicae, which might be related to the selective elimination of symbiotic bacteria, the upregulated activities of detoxification enzymes and the increased fitness. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxin Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenhong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Weiwei Qin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyou Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueping He
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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22
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Rupawate PS, Roylawar P, Khandagale K, Gawande S, Ade AB, Jaiswal DK, Borgave S. Role of gut symbionts of insect pests: A novel target for insect-pest control. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1146390. [PMID: 36992933 PMCID: PMC10042327 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1146390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects possess beneficial and nuisance values in the context of the agricultural sector and human life around them. An ensemble of gut symbionts assists insects to adapt to diverse and extreme environments and to occupy every available niche on earth. Microbial symbiosis helps host insects by supplementing necessary diet elements, providing protection from predators and parasitoids through camouflage, modulation of signaling pathway to attain homeostasis and to trigger immunity against pathogens, hijacking plant pathways to circumvent plant defence, acquiring the capability to degrade chemical pesticides, and degradation of harmful pesticides. Therefore, a microbial protection strategy can lead to overpopulation of insect pests, which can drastically reduce crop yield. Some studies have demonstrated increased insect mortality via the destruction of insect gut symbionts; through the use of antibiotics. The review summarizes various roles played by the gut microbiota of insect pests and some studies that have been conducted on pest control by targeting the symbionts. Manipulation or exploitation of the gut symbionts alters the growth and population of the host insects and is consequently a potential target for the development of better pest control strategies. Methods such as modulation of gut symbionts via CRISPR/Cas9, RNAi and the combining of IIT and SIT to increase the insect mortality are further discussed. In the ongoing insect pest management scenario, gut symbionts are proving to be the reliable, eco-friendly and novel approach in the integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravara S. Rupawate
- Department of Zoology, Sangamner Nagarpalika Arts, D. J. Malpani Commerce and B. N. Sarda Science College (Autonomous), Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | - Praveen Roylawar
- Department of Botany, Sangamner Nagarpalika Arts, D. J. Malpani Commerce and B. N. Sarda Science College (Autonomous), Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Suresh Gawande
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
| | - Avinash B. Ade
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal,
| | - Seema Borgave
- Department of Zoology, Sangamner Nagarpalika Arts, D. J. Malpani Commerce and B. N. Sarda Science College (Autonomous), Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
- Seema Borgave,
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23
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Zhang Y, Cai T, Yuan M, Li Z, Jin R, Ren Z, Qin Y, Yu C, Cai Y, Shu R, He S, Li J, Wong ACN, Wan H. Microbiome variation correlates with the insecticide susceptibility in different geographic strains of a significant agricultural pest, Nilaparvata lugens. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:2. [PMID: 36635299 PMCID: PMC9837087 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiome-mediated insecticide resistance is an emerging phenomenon found in insect pests. However, microbiome composition can vary by host genotype and environmental factors, but how these variations may be associated with insecticide resistance phenotype remains unclear. In this study, we compared different field and laboratory strains of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens in their microbiome composition, transcriptome, and insecticide resistance profiles to identify possible patterns of correlation. Our analysis reveals that the abundances of core bacterial symbionts are significantly correlated with the expression of several host detoxifying genes (especially NlCYP6ER1, a key gene previously shown involved in insecticides resistance). The expression levels of these detoxifying genes correlated with N. lugens insecticide susceptibility. Furthermore, we have identified several environmental abiotic factors, including temperature, precipitation, latitude, and longitude, as potential predictors of symbiont abundances associated with expression of key detoxifying genes, and correlated with insecticide susceptibility levels of N. lugens. These findings provide new insights into how microbiome-environment-host interactions may influence insecticide susceptibility, which will be helpful in guiding targeted microbial-based strategies for insecticide resistance management in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Zhang
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Tingwei Cai
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Maojun Yuan
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zhao Li
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Ruoheng Jin
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zhijie Ren
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yao Qin
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Chang Yu
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yongfeng Cai
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Runhang Shu
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA
| | - Shun He
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Jianhong Li
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Adam C. N. Wong
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA
| | - Hu Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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24
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Wang C, Li X, Jin D, Gong P, Li Q, Zhang Y, Li X, Deng Y, Cernava T, Zhu X. Implications of environmentally shaped microbial communities for insecticide resistance in Sitobion miscanthi. Environ Res 2022; 215:114409. [PMID: 36152886 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Insect-associated bacteria play an important role in the resistance to pesticides, yet bacterial community compositions in wild insect host populations and the environmental factors that shape them are mostly elusive. In this study, Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi) populations were collected from major wheat growing regions in China. Following high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments, association analyses were performed within the bacterial community associated with S. miscanthi, as well as with population resistance levels to four commonly used pesticides and different environmental factors. We found that bacterial community structures differed in various regions, and that the abundances of dominant bacteria such as Buchnera, Candidatus Regiella, Candidatus Hamiltonella showed high variations. The resistance of S. miscanthi to avermectin and bifenthrin was shown to decline with increasing bacterial diversity. Meanwhile, with the increase of bacterial network modularity, the resistance of S. miscanthi populations to imidacloprid, avermectin and bifenthrin also increased correspondingly. In addition, correlation analysis indicated that altitude and air pressure had the strongest impact on bacterial community diversity and relative abundance, followed by humidity, rainfall and temperature. Overall, insights into such complex interactions between bacteria and their insect hosts offer new directions for biological pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Decai Jin
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Peipan Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiuchi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Xun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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25
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Li C, Xiong Z, Fang C, Liu K. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal the responses of brown planthoppers to RH resistant rice cultivar. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1018470. [PMID: 36187783 PMCID: PMC9523508 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1018470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is one of the most destructive rice pests in Asia. The application of insect-resistant rice cultivars is currently one of the principal means of controlling BPH. Understanding the physiological response mechanisms of BPH feeding on insect-resistant rice is the key for maintaining rice yield. Here, we measured the ecological fitness and analyzed the whole-body transcriptome and metabolome of BPH reared on susceptible cultivar Taichung Native 1 (TN1) and resistant cultivar Rathu Heenati (RH). Our results showed that RH significantly decreased the survival rate, female adult weight, honeydew secretion, the number of eggs laid per female and fat content of BPH. We identified 333 upregulated and 486 downregulated genes in BPH feeding on RH. These genes were mainly involved in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, hormone synthesis and vitamin metabolism pathways. We also detected 145 differentially accumulated metabolites in BPH reared on RH plants compared to BPH reared on TN1 plants, including multiple carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, and some nucleosides. Combined analyses of transcriptome and metabolome showed that five pathways, including starch, sucrose, and galactose metabolism, were altered. The network for these pathways was subsequently visualized. Our results provide insights into the mechanisms of metabolite accumulation in BPH feeding on the RH rice variety. The results could help us better understand how insect-resistant rice cultivars combat BPH infestation, which is important for the comprehensive management of BPH.
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26
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Suo P, Wang K, Yu H, Fu X, An L, Bhowmick B, Zhang J, Han Q. Seasonal Variation of Midgut Bacterial Diversity in Culex quinquefasciatus Populations in Haikou City, Hainan Province, China. Biology 2022; 11:biology11081166. [PMID: 36009794 PMCID: PMC9405131 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Mosquito midgut microbiota has become an interesting field in mosquito vector biology, as it has been shown to form an integral part of the mosquito life history. But less is known about seasonal variation of midgut bacterial diversity of Culex quinquefasciatus. Our results illustrate that the Bacteroidetes (Bacterial Phyla) communities have been well observed in autumn and winter seasons, suggesting that this might participate in the nutritional supply of adult mosquitoes when temperatures drop. This discovery provides a new perspective for the control of Cx. quinquefasciatus to reduce the transmission of diseases. There is much sufficiently practical significance to reduce the density of Cx. quinquefasciatus in autumn and winter when their activities are weakened, which is of absolute benefit to human beings and the natural environment. Abstract Culex quinquefasciatus, one of the most significant mosquito vectors in the world, is widespread in most parts of southern China. A variety of diseases including Bancroft’s filariasis, West Nile disease, and St. Louis encephalitis could be transmitted by the vector. Mosquitoes have been shown to host diverse bacterial communities that vary depending on environmental factors such as temperature and rainfall. In this work, 16S rDNA sequencing was used to analyze the seasonal variation of midgut bacterial diversity of Cx. Quinquefasciatus in Haikou City, Hainan Province, China. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum, accounting for 79.7% (autumn), 73% (winter), 80.4% (spring), and 84.5% (summer). The abundance of Bacteroidetes in autumn and winter was higher than in others. Interestingly, Epsilonbacteraeota, which only exists in autumn and winter, was discovered accidentally in the midgut. We speculated that this might participate in the nutritional supply of adult mosquitoes when temperatures drop. Wolbachia is the most abundant in autumn, accounting for 31.6% of bacteria. The content of Pantoea was highest in the summer group, which might be related to the enhancement of the ability of mosquitoes as temperatures increased. Pseudomonas is carried out as the highest level in winter. On the contrary, in spring and summer, the genus in highest abundance is Enterobacter. Acinetobacter enriches in the spring when it turns from cold to hot. By studying the diversity of midgut bacteria of Cx. quinquefasciatus, we can further understand the co-evolution of mosquitoes and their symbiotic microbes. This is necessary to discuss the seasonal variation of microorganisms and ultimately provide a new perspective for the control of Cx. quinquefasciatus to reduce the spread of the diseases which have notably vital practical significance for the effective prevention of Cx. quinquefasciatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Suo
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (P.S.); (K.W.); (H.Y.); (X.F.); (L.A.); (B.B.)
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (P.S.); (K.W.); (H.Y.); (X.F.); (L.A.); (B.B.)
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongxiao Yu
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (P.S.); (K.W.); (H.Y.); (X.F.); (L.A.); (B.B.)
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiuhao Fu
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (P.S.); (K.W.); (H.Y.); (X.F.); (L.A.); (B.B.)
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Liping An
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (P.S.); (K.W.); (H.Y.); (X.F.); (L.A.); (B.B.)
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Biswajit Bhowmick
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (P.S.); (K.W.); (H.Y.); (X.F.); (L.A.); (B.B.)
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Qian Han
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (P.S.); (K.W.); (H.Y.); (X.F.); (L.A.); (B.B.)
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence:
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Siddiqui JA, Khan MM, Bamisile BS, Hafeez M, Qasim M, Rasheed MT, Rasheed MA, Ahmad S, Shahid MI, Xu Y. Role of Insect Gut Microbiota in Pesticide Degradation: A Review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:870462. [PMID: 35591988 PMCID: PMC9111541 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.870462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect pests cause significant agricultural and economic losses to crops worldwide due to their destructive activities. Pesticides are designed to be poisonous and are intentionally released into the environment to combat the menace caused by these noxious pests. To survive, these insects can resist toxic substances introduced by humans in the form of pesticides. According to recent findings, microbes that live in insect as symbionts have recently been found to protect their hosts against toxins. Symbioses that have been formed are between the pests and various microbes, a defensive mechanism against pathogens and pesticides. Insects' guts provide unique conditions for microbial colonization, and resident bacteria can deliver numerous benefits to their hosts. Insects vary significantly in their reliance on gut microbes for basic functions. Insect digestive tracts are very different in shape and chemical properties, which have a big impact on the structure and composition of the microbial community. Insect gut microbiota has been found to contribute to feeding, parasite and pathogen protection, immune response modulation, and pesticide breakdown. The current review will examine the roles of gut microbiota in pesticide detoxification and the mechanisms behind the development of resistance in insects to various pesticides. To better understand the detoxifying microbiota in agriculturally significant pest insects, we provided comprehensive information regarding the role of gut microbiota in the detoxification of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Musa Khan
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Kohsar University Murree, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Rasheed
- Department of Life Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif Rasheed
- Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yijuan Xu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Ren Z, Zhang Y, Cai T, Mao K, Xu Y, Li C, He S, Li J, Wan H. Dynamics of Microbial Communities across the Life Stages of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Microb Ecol 2022; 83:1049-1058. [PMID: 34302509 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the composition of microorganismal communities hosted by insect pests is an important prerequisite for revealing their functions and developing new pest control strategies. Although studies of the structure of the microbiome of Nilaparvata lugens have been published, little is known about the dynamic changes in this microbiome across different developmental stages, and an understanding of the core microbiota is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes in bacteria and fungi in different developmental stages of N. lugens using high-throughput sequencing technology. We observed that the microbial diversity in eggs and mated adults was higher than that in nymphs and unmated adults. We also observed a notable strong correlation between fungal and bacterial α-diversity, which suggests that fungi and bacteria are closely linked and may perform functions collaboratively during the whole developmental period. Arsenophonus and Hirsutella were the predominant bacterial and fungal taxa, respectively. Bacteria were more conserved than fungi during the transmission of the microbiota between developmental stages. Compared with that in the nymph and unmated adult stages of N. lugens, the correlation between bacterial and fungal communities in the mated adult and egg stages was stronger. Moreover, the core microbiota across all developmental stages in N. lugens was identified, and there were more bacterial genera than fungal genera; notably, the core microbiota of eggs, nymphs, and mated and unmated adults showed distinctive functional enrichment. These findings highlight the potential value of further exploring microbial functions during different developmental stages and developing new pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Ren
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhua Zhang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingwei Cai
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaikai Mao
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyue Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Wan
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Soh LS, Veera Singham G. Bacterial symbionts influence host susceptibility to fenitrothion and imidacloprid in the obligate hematophagous bed bug, Cimex hemipterus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4919. [PMID: 35318403 PMCID: PMC8941108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of insecticides remains important in managing pest insects. Over the years, many insects manifested physiological and behavioral modifications resulting in reduced efficacy of insecticides targeted against them. Emerging evidence suggests that bacterial symbionts could modulate susceptibility of host insects against insecticides. Here, we explore the influence of host microbiota in affecting the susceptibility of insect host against different insecticides in the blood-sucking bed bug, Cimex hemipterus. Rifampicin antibiotic treatment resulted in increased susceptibility to fenitrothion and imidacloprid, but not against deltamethrin. Meanwhile, the host fitness parameters measured in the present study were not significantly affected by rifampicin treatment, suggesting the role of bacterial symbionts influencing susceptibility against the insecticides. 16S metagenomics sequencing revealed a drastic shift in the composition of several bacterial taxa following rifampicin treatment. The highly abundant Alphaproteobacteria (Wolbachia > 90%) and Gammaproteobacteria (Yersinia > 6%) in control bed bugs were significantly suppressed and replaced by Actinobacteria, Bacilli, and Betaproteobacteria in the rifampicin treated F1 bed bugs, suggesting possibilities of Wolbachia mediating insecticide susceptibility in C. hemipterus. However, no significant changes in the total esterase, GST, and P450 activities were observed following rifampicin treatment, indicating yet unknown bacterial mechanisms explaining the observed phenomena. Re-inoculation of microbial content from control individuals regained the tolerance of rifampicin treated bed bugs to imidacloprid and fenitrothion. This study provides a foundation for a symbiont-mediated mechanism in influencing insecticide susceptibility that was previously unknown to bed bugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shen Soh
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - G Veera Singham
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia.
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30
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Chang CY, Sun XW, Tian PP, Miao NH, Zhang YL, Liu XD. Plant secondary metabolite and temperature determine the prevalence of Arsenophonus endosymbionts in aphid populations. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:3764-3776. [PMID: 35129273 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transmission rate and role in hosts contribute to the prevalence of an endosymbiont. However, factors affecting transmission and role of facultative endosymbionts are still not well understood. Here, we illustrated that host plants and environmental temperatures affected the transmission, relative abundance, and role of Arsenophonus in the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii. The transmission rate of this endosymbiont from mother aphids to offspring was relatively lower. High temperatures impeded the transmission, and infection rates declined as aphids were exposed to 30 °C. Contents of amino acids and secondary metabolites were remarkable different among host plants. Aphids feeding on zucchini leaves containing a higher titer of amino acids and lower secondary metabolites harbored a relatively lower abundance of Arsenophonus. Concentrations of an amino acid and a plant secondary metabolite, cucurbitacin B, in aphid diet were not associated with Arsenophonus abundance. However, gossypol, another plant secondary metabolite, was strongly related with the abundance. Arsenophonus imparted a fitness benefit to aphids, and the benefit was dependent on host plants and gossypol concentration. In sum, plant secondary metabolite and environmental temperature affect transmission, relative abundance, and role of Arsenophonus, which determine the endosymbiont prevalence in aphid populations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Chang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Wan Sun
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pan-Pan Tian
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ning-Hui Miao
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Liu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Zhang Y, Cai T, Ren Z, Liu Y, Yuan M, Cai Y, Yu C, Shu R, He S, Li J, Wong ACN, Wan H. Decline in symbiont-dependent host detoxification metabolism contributes to increased insecticide susceptibility of insects under high temperature. ISME J 2021; 15:3693-703. [PMID: 34188180 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between insects and their bacterial symbionts are shaped by a variety of abiotic factors, including temperature. As global temperatures continue to break high records, a great deal of uncertainty surrounds how agriculturally important insect pests and their symbionts may be affected by elevated temperatures, and its implications for future pest management. In this study, we examine the role of bacterial symbionts in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens response to insecticide (imidacloprid) under different temperature scenarios. Our results reveal that the bacterial symbionts orchestrate host detoxification metabolism via the CncC pathway to promote host insecticide resistance, whereby the symbiont-inducible CncC pathway acts as a signaling conduit between exogenous abiotic stimuli and host metabolism. However, this insect-bacterial partnership function is vulnerable to high temperature, which causes a significant decline in host-bacterial content. In particular, we have identified the temperature-sensitive Wolbachia as a candidate player in N. lugens detoxification metabolism. Wolbachia-dependent insecticide resistance was confirmed through a series of insecticide assays and experiments comparing Wolbachia-free and Wolbachia-infected N. lugens and also Drosophila melanogaster. Together, our research reveals elevated temperatures negatively impact insect-bacterial symbiosis, triggering adverse consequences on host response to insecticide (imidacloprid) and potentially other xenobiotics.
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Milenovic M, Ghanim M, Hoffmann L, Rapisarda C. Whitefly endosymbionts: IPM opportunity or tilting at windmills? J Pest Sci (2004) 2021; 95:543-566. [PMID: 34744550 PMCID: PMC8562023 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-021-01451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Whiteflies are sap-sucking insects responsible for high economic losses. They colonize hundreds of plant species and cause direct feeding damage and indirect damage through transmission of devastating viruses. Modern agriculture has seen a history of invasive whitefly species and populations that expand to novel regions, bringing along fierce viruses. Control efforts are hindered by fast virus transmission, insecticide-resistant populations, and a wide host range which permits large natural reservoirs for whiteflies. Augmentative biocontrol by parasitoids while effective in suppressing high population densities in greenhouses falls short when it comes to preventing virus transmission and is ineffective in the open field. A potential source of much needed novel control strategies lays within a diverse community of whitefly endosymbionts. The idea to exploit endosymbionts for whitefly control is as old as identification of these bacteria, yet it still has not come to fruition. We review where our knowledge stands on the aspects of whitefly endosymbiont evolution, biology, metabolism, multitrophic interactions, and population dynamics. We show how these insights are bringing us closer to the goal of better integrated pest management strategies. Combining most up to date understanding of whitefly-endosymbiont interactions and recent technological advances, we discuss possibilities of disrupting and manipulating whitefly endosymbionts, as well as using them for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Milenovic
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41, Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Università degli Studi di Catania, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center, ARO, HaMaccabim Road 68, PO Box 15159, 7528809 Rishon Le Tsiyon, Israel
| | - Lucien Hoffmann
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41, Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Carmelo Rapisarda
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Università degli Studi di Catania, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Barman M, Samanta S, Thakur H, Chakraborty S, Samanta A, Ghosh A, Tarafdar J. Effect of Neonicotinoids on Bacterial Symbionts and Insecticide-Resistant Gene in Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. Insects 2021; 12:742. [PMID: 34442312 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a major threat to field and horticultural crops worldwide. Persistent use of insecticides for the management of this pest is a lingering problem. In the present study, the status of sensitivity of B. tabaci to two neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, was evaluated. The expression pattern of two cytochrome P450 (cyp) genes and changes in the relative amount of symbionts in insecticide-treated B. tabaci were also assessed. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) studies indicate that the CYP6CM1 and CYP6CX1 genes were always expressed higher in imidacloprid-treated whitefly, suggesting a correlation between gene expression and the insect's ability to detoxify toxic compounds such as insecticides. In addition, the thiamethoxam-treated population harbored higher Portiera and lower Rickettsia titers, whereas the imidacloprid-treated population harbored more Rickettsia at different time intervals. Interestingly, we also examined that an increase in exposure to both the insecticides resulted in a reduction in the mutualistic partners from their insect host. These differential responses of endosymbionts to insecticide exposure imply the complex interactions among the symbionts inside the host insect. The results also provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism of resistance development that might be useful for formulating effective management strategies to control B. tabaci by manipulating symbionts and detoxifying genes.
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Lu K, Cheng Y, Li Y, Li W, Zeng R, Song Y. Phytochemical Flavone Confers Broad-Spectrum Tolerance to Insecticides in Spodoptera litura by Activating ROS/CncC-Mediated Xenobiotic Detoxification Pathways. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:7429-7445. [PMID: 34169724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tolerance to chemical insecticides can be driven by the necessity of herbivorous insects to defend against host plant-produced phytochemicals. However, how the phytochemicals are sensed and further transduced into a defense response associated with insecticide tolerance is poorly understood. Herein, we show that pre-exposure to flavone, a flavonoid phytochemical, effectively enhanced larval tolerance to multiple synthetic insecticides and elevated detoxification enzyme activities in Spodoptera litura. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that flavone induced a spectrum of genes spanning phase I and II detoxification enzyme families, as well as two transcription factors Cap "n" collar isoform C (CncC) and its partner small muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis (MafK). Knocking down of CncC by RNA interference suppressed flavone-induced detoxification gene expression and rendered the larvae more sensitive to the insecticides. Flavone exposure elicited a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, while scavenging of ROS inhibited CncC-mediated detoxification gene expression and suppressed flavone-induced detoxification enzyme activation. Metabolome analysis showed that the ingested flavone was mainly converted into three flavonoid metabolites, and only 3-hydroxyflavone was found to affect the ROS/CncC pathway-mediated metabolic detoxification. These results indicate that the ROS/CncC pathway is an important route driving detoxification gene expression responsible for insecticide tolerance after exposure to the phytochemical flavone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yibei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Cai T, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Deng X, He S, Li J, Wan H. Wolbachia enhances expression of NlCYP4CE1 in Nilaparvata lugens in response to imidacloprid stress. Insect Sci 2021; 28:355-362. [PMID: 32519810 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is one of the main insect pests of rice. The N. lugens gene NlCYP4CE1 encodes cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450), which is a key enzyme in the metabolism of the insecticide imidacloprid. Previous research has suggested that the expression of NlCYP4CE1 is induced by imidacloprid stress, but the effect of bacterial symbionts on its expression has not been determined. The results of this study show that exposure to subtoxic imidacloprid changed the structure of the bacterial symbiont community in N. lugens. Specifically, the total bacterial content increased, but the bacterial species diversity significantly decreased. Wolbachia accounted for the largest proportion of bacteria in N. lugens; its abundance significantly increased after subtoxic imidacloprid exposure. The transcript level of NlCYP4CE1 was significantly increased by imidacloprid, but this effect was significantly weakened after Wolbachia was cleared with tetracycline. This result suggests that Wolbachia enhances the expression of NlCYP4CE1 to promote the detoxification metabolic response to imidacloprid stress. Understanding the effect of bacterial symbionts on gene expression in the host provides a new perspective on interactions between insecticides and their target insect pests, and highlights that subtoxic imidacloprid exposure may raise the risk of insecticide resistance by altering the structure of bacterial symbiont communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Cai
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunhua Zhang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Deng
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Wan
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Gomard Y, Flores O, Vittecoq M, Blanchon T, Toty C, Duron O, Mavingui P, Tortosa P, McCoy KD. Changes in Bacterial Diversity, Composition and Interactions During the Development of the Seabird Tick Ornithodoros maritimus (Argasidae). Microb Ecol 2021; 81:770-783. [PMID: 33025063 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Characterising within-host microbial interactions is essential to understand the drivers that shape these interactions and their consequences for host ecology and evolution. Here, we examined the bacterial microbiota hosted by the seabird soft tick Ornithodoros maritimus (Argasidae) in order to uncover bacterial interactions within ticks and how these interactions change over tick development. Bacterial communities were characterised through next-generation sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Bacterial co-occurrence and co-exclusion were determined by analysing networks generated from the metagenomic data obtained at each life stage. Overall, the microbiota of O. maritimus was dominated by four bacterial genera, namely Coxiella, Rickettsia, Brevibacterium and Arsenophonus, representing almost 60% of the reads. Bacterial diversity increased over tick development, and adult male ticks showed higher diversity than did adult female ticks. Bacterial networks showed that co-occurrence was more frequent than co-exclusion and highlighted substantial shifts across tick life stages; interaction networks changed from one stage to the next with a steady increase in the number of interactions through development. Although many bacterial interactions appeared unstable across life stages, some were maintained throughout development and were found in both sexes, such as Coxiella and Arsenophonus. Our data support the existence of a few stable interactions in O. maritimus ticks, on top of which bacterial taxa accumulate from hosts and/or the environment during development. We propose that stable associations delineate core microbial interactions, which are likely to be responsible for key biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Gomard
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
| | - Olivier Flores
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PVBMT (Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical), CIRAD, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Marion Vittecoq
- Tour de Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Arles, France
| | - Thomas Blanchon
- Tour de Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Arles, France
| | - Céline Toty
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier CNRS IRD, Centre IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Duron
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier CNRS IRD, Centre IRD, Montpellier, France
- Centre for Research on the Ecology and Evolution of Diseases (CREES), Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Pablo Tortosa
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Karen D McCoy
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier CNRS IRD, Centre IRD, Montpellier, France
- Centre for Research on the Ecology and Evolution of Diseases (CREES), Montpellier, France
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Liu K, He J, Guan Z, Zhong M, Pang R, Han Q. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama Infected and Non-infected With Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus. Front Physiol 2021; 11:630037. [PMID: 33716757 PMCID: PMC7943627 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.630037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri is the transmission vector of Huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating disease of citrus plants. The bacterium “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” (CLas) associated with HLB is transmitted between host plants by D. citri in a circulative manner. Understanding the interaction between CLas and its insect vector is key for protecting citrus cultivation from HLB damage. Here, we used RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to analyze the transcriptome and metabolome of D. citri interacting with CLas. We identified 662 upregulated and 532 downregulated genes in CLas-infected insects. These genes were enriched in pathways involving carbohydrate metabolism, the insects’ immune system, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. We also detected 105 differential metabolites between CLas-infected and non-infected insects, including multiple nucleosides and lipid-related molecules. The integrated analysis revealed nine pathways—including those of the glycine, serine, threonine, and purine metabolism—affected by the differentially expressed genes from both groups. The network for these pathways was subsequently constructed. Our results thus provide insights regarding the cross-talk between the transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in D. citri in response to CLas infection, as well as information on the pathways and genes/metabolites related to the CLas–D. citri interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei He
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziying Guan
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhao Zhong
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunxin Han
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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Ma YJ, He HP, Zhao HM, Xian YD, Guo H, Liu B, Xue K. Microbiome diversity of cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) is associated with host alternation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5260. [PMID: 33664278 PMCID: PMC7933357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aphids are infected by a series of bacteria that can help them survive on specific host plants. However, the associations between aphids and these bacteria are not clear, and the bacterial communities in many aphid species are poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the bacterial communities of cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) on 2 representative winter host plants and transferred to 3 summer host plants by 16S rDNA sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Our results revealed that the bacterial communities varied among cotton aphids on hibiscus, cotton aphids on pomegranate, cotton aphids on cotton transferred from hibiscus, cotton aphids on muskmelon transferred from hibiscus, cotton aphids on cucumber transferred from hibiscus,. The diversity and richness of the bacterial communities were significantly higher in aphids on muskmelon and aphids on cucumber than in the other treatments. There were two main factors influencing the distribution of internal bacterial OTUs revealed by principal component analysis, including the differences among Punicaceae, Malvaceae and Cucurbitaceae. There were 28 bacterial communities with significant differences between two arbitrary treatments, which could be grouped into 6 main clusters depending on relative abundance. Moreover, our results indicated that in addition to the obligate endosymbiont Buchnera, with a dominant position (> 52%), A. gossypii also harbored 3 facultative endosymbiotic bacteria (Serratia, Arsenophonus, and Wolbachia) and 3 possibly symbiotic bacteria (Acinetobacter, Pantoea, and Flavobacterium). There were several correspondences between the symbiotic bacteria in cotton aphids and the specific host plants of the aphids. This study provides a better understanding of the interactions among symbiotic bacteria, aphids and host plants, suggesting that the selection pressure on aphid bacterial communities is likely to be exerted by the species of host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-jie Ma
- grid.411077.40000 0004 0369 0529College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hao-peng He
- grid.411077.40000 0004 0369 0529College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hai-meng Zhao
- grid.411077.40000 0004 0369 0529College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yi-dan Xian
- grid.411077.40000 0004 0369 0529College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hui Guo
- grid.411077.40000 0004 0369 0529College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Biao Liu
- grid.464374.60000 0004 1757 8263Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEP, Nanjing, 210042 China
| | - Kun Xue
- grid.411077.40000 0004 0369 0529College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China ,grid.464374.60000 0004 1757 8263Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEP, Nanjing, 210042 China
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Wang YT, Shen RX, Xing D, Zhao CP, Gao HT, Wu JH, Zhang N, Zhang HD, Chen Y, Zhao TY, Li CX. Metagenome Sequencing Reveals the Midgut Microbiota Makeup of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Its Possible Relationship With Insecticide Resistance. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:625539. [PMID: 33717014 PMCID: PMC7948229 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.625539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Midgut microbiota can participate in the detoxification and metabolism processes in insects, but there are few reports on the relationship between midgut microbiota and insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. In this study, we performed metagenomic sequencing on a susceptible strain (SS), a field-collected Hainan strain (HN), and a deltamethrin-resistant strain (RR) of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus to understand the diversity and functions of their midgut microbiota. The results revealed differences in midgut microbiota among the three strains of Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria was the most prominent, accounting for nearly 70% of their midgut microbes. At the genus level, Aeromonas made up the highest proportion. In addition, Aeromonas, Morganella, Elizabethkingia, Enterobacter, Cedecea, and Thorsellia showed significant differences between strains. At the species level, Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter cloacae complex sp. 4DZ3-17B2, Streptomyces sp. CNQ329, and some species of Pseudomonas and Wolbachia were more abundant in the two resistant strains. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the SS strain had significantly different metagenomic functions than the two deltamethrin-resistant strains (HN and RR strain). The HN and RR strains differed from the SS strain in more than 10 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The analysis of species abundance and functional diversity can provide directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Xin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-Pei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - He-Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Hong Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Heng-Duan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tong-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Wang XQ, Guo JS, Li DT, Yu Y, Hagoort J, Moussian B, Zhang CX. Three-dimensional reconstruction of a whole insect reveals its phloem sap-sucking mechanism at nano-resolution. eLife 2021; 10:62875. [PMID: 33620311 PMCID: PMC8016479 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, we report on the internal 3D structures of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) at nanometer resolution for the first time. Within the reconstructed organs and tissues, we found many novel and fascinating internal structures in the planthopper such as naturally occurring three four-way rings connecting adjacent spiracles to facilitate efficient gas exchange, and fungal endosymbionts in a single huge insect cell occupying 22% of the abdomen volume to enable the insect to live on plant sap. To understand the muscle and stylet movement during phloem sap-sucking, the cephalic skeleton and muscles were reconstructed in feeding nymphs. The results revealed an unexpected contraction of the protractors of the stylets and suggested a novel feeding model for the phloem sap-sucking. Since the 19th century, scientists have been investigating how the organs of insects are shaped and arranged. However, classic microscopy methods have struggled to image these small, delicate structures. Understanding how the organs of insects are configured could help to identify new methods for controlling pests, such as chemicals that target the mouthparts that some insects use to feed on plants. Most insects that feed on the sap of plants suck out the nutrient via their stylet bundle – a thin, straw-like structure surrounded by a sheath called the labium. As well as drying out the plant and damaging its tissues, the stylet bundle also allows the insect to transmit viruses that cause further harm. To investigate these mouthparts in more detail, Wang, Guo et al. used a method called SBF-SEM to determine the three-dimensional structure of one of the most destructive pests of rice crops, the brown planthopper. In this technique, a picture of the planthopper was taken every time a thin slice of its body was removed. This continuous slicing and re-imaging generated thousands of images that were compiled into a three-dimensional model of the brown planthopper’s whole body and internal organs. Previously unknown features emerged from the reconstruction, including a huge cell in the planthopper’s abdomen which is full of fungi that provide the nutrients absent in plants. Next, Wang, Guo et al. used this technique to see how the muscles in the labium and surrounding the stylet move by imaging planthoppers that were frozen at different stages of the feeding process. This revealed that when brown planthoppers bow their heads to eat, the labium compresses and pushes out the stylet, allowing it to pierce deeper into the plant. This is the first time that the body of such a small insect has been reconstructed three-dimensionally using SBF-SEM. Furthermore, these findings help explain how brown planthoppers and other sap-feeding insects insert their stylet and damage plants, potentially providing a stepping stone towards identifying new strategies to stop these pests from destroying millions of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qiu Wang
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Guo
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, and Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Ting Li
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Carl Zeiss (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.60 Meiyue Road, China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, China
| | - Jaco Hagoort
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Institute of Biology Valrose, Parc Valrose, Inserm, France
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Abstract
Background Co-infection of endosymbionts in the same host is ubiquitous, and the interactions of the most common symbiont Wolbachia with other symbionts, including Spiroplasma, in invertebrate organisms have received increasing attention. However, the interactions between Wolbachia and Arsenophonus, another widely distributed symbiont in nature, are poorly understood. We tested the co-infection of Wolbachia and Arsenophonus in different populations of Nilaparvata lugens and investigated whether co-infection affected the population size of the symbionts in their host. Results A significant difference was observed in the co-infection incidence of Wolbachia and Arsenophonus among 5 populations of N. lugens from China, with nearly half of the individuals in the Zhenjiang population harbouring the two symbionts simultaneously, and the rate of occurrence was significantly higher than that of the other 4 populations. The Arsenophonus density in the superinfection line was significantly higher only in the Maanshan population compared with that of the single-infection line. Differences in the density of Wolbachia and Arsenophonus were found in all the tested double-infection lines, and the dominant symbiont species varied with the population only in the Nanjing population, with Arsenophonus the overall dominant symbiont. Conclusions Wolbachia and Arsenophonus could coexist in N. lugens, and the co-infection incidence varied with the geographic populations. Antagonistic interactions were not observed between Arsenophonus and Wolbachia, and the latter was the dominant symbiont in most populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.50, Zhongling street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Na Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.50, Zhongling street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongtao Niu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.50, Zhongling street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongxiao Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.50, Zhongling street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhichun Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.50, Zhongling street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
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Yi T, Lei L, He L, Yi J, Li L, Dai L, Hong Y. Symbiotic Fungus Affected the Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP) Resistance to Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:522164. [PMID: 33391190 PMCID: PMC7772971 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.522164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama) (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is a notorious Rutaceae plant pest. Frequent and extensive use of pesticides has resulted in severe insecticide resistance in ACP populations. Fully understanding the mechanism of ACP resistance to pesticides is vital for us to control or delay the development of resistance. Therefore, we compared the difference in resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam between Hunan (Yongzhou, Chenzhou) and Guangdong (Guangzhou) ACP populations and analyzed the correlations between the resistance level and genes and symbiotic fungi. The results showed that the resistance of the Guangdong ACP population to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam was lower than that of Hunan ACP population, and the relative expression of genes associated with P450 mono-oxygenase and acetylcholinesterase was significantly lower in the Guangdong ACP population than in Hunan ACP population. The differences of mean relative abundances of four symbiotic bacteria among three populations were marginally significant; however, the mean relative abundance of 16 fungi among three populations was significantly different, and positive linear correlations were observed between the resistance level and two fungi (Aspergillus niger and Aureobasidium pullulans) and two genes (CYP4C70 and CYP4DB1). Negative correlations were only observed between the resistance level and two fungi (Golubevia pallescens and Acremonium sclerotigenum). Moreover, four fungi were unique to the Chenzhou population which was the highest resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. These findings suggested the P450 mono-oxygenase and symbiotic fungi together affected ACP resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. In the future, we may use environmental G. pallescens and A. sclerotigenum to control or delay ACP resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyong Yi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Lei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianglan Yi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingguo Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Liangying Dai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanyun Hong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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43
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Hereward JP, Cai X, Matias AMA, Walter GH, Xu C, Wang Y. Migration dynamics of an important rice pest: The brown planthopper ( Nilaparvata lugens) across Asia-Insights from population genomics. Evol Appl 2020; 13:2449-2459. [PMID: 33005233 PMCID: PMC7513714 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brown planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens) are the most serious insect pests of rice, one of the world's most important staple crops. They reproduce year-round in the tropical parts of their distribution, but cannot overwinter in the temperate areas where they occur, and invade seasonally from elsewhere. Decades of research have not revealed their source unambiguously. METHODS AND RESULTS We sequenced the genomes of brown planthopper populations from across temperate and tropical parts of their distribution and show that the Indochinese peninsula is the major source of migration into temperate China. The Philippines, once considered a key source, is not significant, with little evidence for their migration into China. We find support for immigration from the west of China contributing to these regional dynamics. DISCUSSION The lack of connectivity between the Philippine population and the mainland Chinese populations explains the different evolution of Imidacloprid resistance in these populations. This study highlights the promise of whole-genome sequence data to understand migration when gene flow is high-a situation that has been difficult to resolve using traditional genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Hereward
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Xuhong Cai
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Ambrocio Melvin A Matias
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Institute of Biology University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City Philippines
| | - Gimme H Walter
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Chenxi Xu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yongmo Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei China
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44
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Blanton AG, Peterson BF. Symbiont-Mediated Insecticide Detoxification as an Emerging Problem in Insect Pests. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:547108. [PMID: 33101225 PMCID: PMC7554331 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.547108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide use is prevalent with applications from the backyard gardener to large-scale agriculture and combatting pests in homes and industrial settings. Alongside the need to control unwanted pests comes the selective pressure generated by sustained pesticide use has become a concern leading to environmental contamination, pest resistance, and, thus, reduced pesticide efficacy. Despite efforts to improve the environmental impact and reduce off-target effects, chemical pesticides are relied on and control failures are costly. Though pesticide resistance mechanisms vary, one pattern that has recently emerged is symbiont-mediated detoxification within insect pests. The localization within the insect host, the identity of the symbiotic partner, and the stability of the associations across different systems vary. The diversity of insects and ecological settings linked to this phenomenon are broad. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent trend of insecticide detoxification modulated by symbiotic associations between bacteria and insects, as well as highlight the implications for pesticide development, pest management strategies, and pesticide bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Blanton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
| | - Brittany F Peterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
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45
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Li Y, Liu X, Wang N, Zhang Y, Hoffmann AA, Guo H. Background-dependent Wolbachia-mediated insecticide resistance in Laodelphax striatellus. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2653-2663. [PMID: 32128956 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although facultative endosymbionts are now known to protect insect hosts against pathogens and parasitoids, the effects of endosymbionts on insecticide resistance are still unclear. Here we show that Wolbachia are associated with increased resistance to the commonly used insecticide, buprofezin, in the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) in some genetic backgrounds while having no effect in other backgrounds. In three Wolbachia-infected lines from experimental buprofezin-resistant strains and one line from a buprofezin-susceptible line established from Chuxiong, Yunnan province, China, susceptibility to buprofezin increased after removal of Wolbachia. An increase in susceptibility was also evident in a Wolbachia-infected line established from a field population in Rugao, Jiangsu province. However, no increase was evident in two field populations from Nanjing and Fengxian, Jiangsu province, China. When Wolbachia was introgressed into different genetic backgrounds, followed by Wolbachia removal, the data pointed to Wolbachia effects that depend on the nuclear background as well as on the Wolbachia strain. However, there was no relationship between Wolbachia density and the component of buprofezin resistance associated with the symbiont. The results suggest that Wolbachia effects associated with chemical resistance are complex and unpredictable, but also that they can be substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongteng Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueliang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huifang Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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46
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Fan XB, Pang R, Li WX, Ojha A, Li D, Zhang WQ. An Overview of Embryogenesis: External Morphology and Transcriptome Profiling in the Hemipteran Insect Nilaparvata lugens. Front Physiol 2020; 11:106. [PMID: 32132932 PMCID: PMC7040246 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryogenesis of insects, the morphological and transcriptional changes are important signatures to obtain a better understanding of insect patterning and evolution. The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens is a serious insect pest of rice plants, but its embryogenesis has not uncovered. Here, we described embryonic development process of the pest and found it belongs to an intermediate-germ mode. The RNA-seq data from different times (6, 30, 96, and 150 h, after egg laying) of embryogenesis were then analyzed, and a total of 10,895 genes were determined as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on pairwise comparisons. Afterward, 1,898 genes, differentially expressed in at least two comparisons of adjacent embryonic stages were divided into 10 clusters using K means cluster analysis (KMCA). Eight-gene modules were established using a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Gene expression patterns in the different embryonic stages were identified by combining the functional enrichments of the stage-specific clusters and modules, which displayed the expression level and reprogramming of multiple developmental genes during embryogenesis. The "hub" genes at each embryonic stage with possible crucial roles were identified. Notably, we found a "center" set of genes that were related to overall membrane functions and might play important roles in the embryogenesis process. After parental RNAi of the MSTRG.3372, the hub gene, the embryo was observed as abnormal. Furthermore, some homologous genes in classic embryonic development processes and signaling pathways were also involved in embryogenesis of this insect. An improved comprehensive finding of embryogenesis within the N. lugens reveals better information on genetic and genomic studies of embryonic development and might be a potential target for RNAi-based control of this insect pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Abhishek Ojha
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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47
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Liu W, Zhang X, Wu N, Ren Y, Wang X. High Diversity and Functional Complementation of Alimentary Canal Microbiota Ensure Small Brown Planthopper to Adapt Different Biogeographic Environments. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2953. [PMID: 32010074 PMCID: PMC6978774 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all insects harbor commensal bacteria in the alimentary canal lumen or within cells and often play a pivotal role in their host’s development, evolution, and environmental adaptation. However, little is known about the alimentary canal microbiota and their functions in sap-sucking insect pests of crops, which can damage plants by removing plant sap and by transmitting various plant viruses, especially in the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus. In this study, we characterized the alimentary canal microbiota of L. striatellus collected from seven regions in China by sequencing 16S rDNA. The insects harbored a rich diversity of microbes, mainly consisted of bacteria from phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Tenericutes. The composition and abundance of microbiota were more similar as the geographic distance decreased between the populations and clustered by geographic location into three groups: temperate, subtropical, and tropical populations. Although the abundance and species of microbes differed among the populations, the various major microbes for each population performed similar functions based on a clusters of orthologous group analysis. Greater diversity in ecological factors in different regions might lead to higher microbial diversity, thus enabling L. striatellus to adapt or tolerate various extreme environments to avoid the cost of long-distance migration. Moreover, the abundance of various metabolic functions in the Kaifeng populations might contribute to higher fecundity in L. striatellus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingdang Ren
- Rice Diseases and Insect Pests Department, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zeng BP, Kang K, Wang HJ, Pan BY, Xu CD, Tang B, Zhang DW. Effect of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase knockdown on the expression of glycogen- and insulin-related genes in the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics 2020; 33:100652. [PMID: 31927198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nilaparvata lugens is a serious threat to rice growth. Glycogen metabolism is one of the important physiological processes of insects, which is mainly regulated by glycogen synthase (GS) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP). In the present study, trehalose content was significantly reduced at 72 h after NlGP and NlGS knockdown, whereas glucose content was significantly increased at both 48 h and 72 h after GS knockdown. RNAi combined with RNA-Seq was used to identify NlGP- and NlGS-related pathways and genes in N. lugens. A total of 593 genes were up-regulated and 5969 genes were down-regulated after NlGP and NlGS knockdown, respectively. Moreover, the NlGS-knockdown group was mapped to 10,967 pathways, whereas the NlGP-knockdown group was mapped to 7948 pathways, and the greatest differences between the groups were associated with carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid and energy metabolism. Meanwhile, 1800, 1217, and 1211 transcripts in the NlGP-knockdown group and 2511, 1666, and 1727 transcripts in the NlGS-knockdown group were involved in bioprocess, cellular ingredients and molecular function, respectively. Almost all these genes were down-regulated by either NlGP or NlGS knockdown, with significant down-regulation of the 6-trehalose phosphate synthase (TPS), trehalase (TRE), GS, GP, phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase (PGM, n = 2), Insulin receptors (InRs) and insulin-like peptides (Ilps) genes. These results have demonstrated that RNAi-mediated NlGP and NlGS knockdown could lead to content of trehalose and glucose out of balance, but have no obvious effect on glycogen content, and have suggested that GS plays more complex role in other metabolism pathway of N. lugens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ping Zeng
- School of Biological and Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Animal Resource in Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, PR China
| | - Kui Kang
- School of Biological and Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Animal Resource in Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, PR China
| | - Hui-Juan Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, PR China
| | - Bi-Ying Pan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, PR China
| | - Cai-Di Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, PR China
| | - Bin Tang
- School of Biological and Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Animal Resource in Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, PR China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, PR China
| | - Dao-Wei Zhang
- School of Biological and Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Animal Resource in Chishui River Basin, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, PR China.
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Tian PP, Chang CY, Miao NH, Li MY, Liu XD. Infections with Arsenophonus Facultative Endosymbionts Alter Performance of Aphids (Aphis gossypii) on an Amino-Acid-Deficient Diet. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e01407-19. [PMID: 31540983 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01407-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism and endosymbiont infection are ubiquitous in aphid populations. It has been known that the obligate symbiont Buchnera provides aphids with essential amino acids which cannot be ingested from plant sap. Buchnera often coexists with facultative endosymbionts in aphids. However, it is unclear whether the facultative endosymbionts affect the aphid's amino acid requirements from diet. In this study, we found that the facultative endosymbiont status in populations of the cotton-melon aphid Aphis gossypii was associated with aphid genotype or host plant. The infection frequency of Arsenophonus in aphids living on cotton was significantly higher than that in aphids on cucumber, and cucumber leaves contained higher titers of free amino acids than cotton leaves, especially amino acids Leu, Arg, Ile, Val, and Phe. The net reproductive rates of five aphid genotypes infected with Arsenophonus were not different on the complete-amino-acid diet, but the values were significantly different among seven Arsenophonus-free aphid genotypes. Moreover, the net reproductive rates of aphids on the amino-acid-deficient diet were significantly affected by Arsenophonus infection and aphid genotype. Arsenophonus infection decreased aphid performance on the Phe-free diet but improved performance on the Leu-free diet and did not affect the performance on the Ile-free or Val-free diet. Arsenophonus infections altered aphid requirements for amino acids that were significantly different in cotton and cucumber leaves, suggesting this endosymbiont would modulate the host specialization of this aphid.IMPORTANCE The facultative endosymbiont Arsenophonus plays an important role in regulating reproduction through son killing, enemy resistance, and the dietary breadth of its insect hosts. In this study, we found Arsenophonus could alter aphid performance on the amino-acid-deficient diets. Arsenophonus infection increased aphid requirements for the amino acid Phe, but decreased requirements for the Leu. Cotton and cucumber leaves contained drastically different titers of free amino acids Phe and Leu, and aphids living on these two plants were infected with different incidences of Arsenophonus We hypothesize that host specialization or the host plant range of aphids may be mediated by Arsenophonus.
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Liu XD, Guo HF. Importance of endosymbionts Wolbachia and Rickettsia in insect resistance development. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2019; 33:84-90. [PMID: 31358201 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Endosymbionts play important roles in protecting hosts from environmental stress, such as natural enemies, heat, and toxins. Many insects are infected with the facultative nonessential endosymbionts Wolbachia and Rickettsia, which are the crux in this review, although other relevant symbiont genera will also be treated. Insecticide resistance of hosts can be related to infections with Wolbachia and Rickettsia. These endosymbionts commonly increase host susceptibility to chemical insecticides, but cases of increased resistance also exist. The symbiont-mediated insecticide resistance/susceptibility varies with species of insect, species of symbiont, and chemical compound. Changes in insecticide resistance levels of insects can be associated with fluctuations in population density of endosymbionts. Effects of endosymbionts on host fitness, metabolism, immune system, and gene expression may determine how endosymbionts influence insecticide resistance. A clearer understanding of these interactions can improve our knowledge about drivers of decreasing insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Liu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Hui-Fang Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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