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Chen X, Mao Y, Guo Y, Xiao D, Lin Z, Huang Y, Liu YC, Zhang X, Wang Y. LMP2 deficiency causes abnormal metabolism, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, myelin loss and neurobehavioral dysfunctions. J Transl Med 2023; 21:226. [PMID: 36978132 PMCID: PMC10045813 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial evidence suggests that immunoproteasome is implicated in the various neurological diseases such as stroke, multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether the immunoproteasome itself deficiency causes brain disease is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the contribution of the immunoproteasome subunit low molecular weight protein 2 (LMP2) in neurobehavioral functions. METHODS Male LMP2 gene completed knockout (LMP2-KO) and littermate wild type (WT) Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged 12-month-old were used for neurobehavioral testing and detection of proteins expression by western blotting and immunofluorescence. A battery of neurobehavioral test tools including Morris water maze (MWM), open field maze, elevated plus maze were used to evaluate the neurobehavioral changes in rats. Evans blue (EB) assay, Luxol fast blue (LFB) and Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining were applied to explore the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, brain myelin damage and brain intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, respectively. RESULTS We firstly found that LMP2 gene deletion did not cause significantly difference in rats' daily feeding activity, growth and development as well as blood routine, but it led to metabolic abnormalities including higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid and blood glucose in the LMP2-KO rats. Compared with the WT rats, LMP2-KO rats displayed obviously cognitive impairment and decreased exploratory activities, increased anxiety-like behavior and without strong effects on gross locomotor abilities. Furthermore, multiple myelin loss, increased BBB leakage, downregulation of tight junction proteins ZO-1, claudin-5 and occluding, and enhanced amyloid-β protein deposition were observed in brain regions of LMP2-KO rats. In addition, LMP2 deficiency significantly enhanced oxidative stress with elevated levels of ROS, caused the reactivation of astrocytes and microglials and markedly upregulated protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) compared to the WT rats, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings highlight LMP2 gene global deletion causes significant neurobehavioral dysfunctions. All these factors including metabolic abnormalities, multiple myelin loss, elevated levels of ROS, increased BBB leakage and enhanced amyloid-β protein deposition maybe work together and eventually led to chronic oxidative stress and neuroinflammation response in the brain regions of LMP2-KO rats, which contributed to the initial and progress of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Yanguang Mao
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yueting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Dongyun Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zejing Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yiyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Ying Chun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Yinzhou Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Academy of Medical Science, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Rashid MU, Lorzadeh S, Gao A, Ghavami S, Coombs KM. PSMA2 knockdown impacts expression of proteins involved in immune and cellular stress responses in human lung cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166617. [PMID: 36481484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome subunit alpha type-2 (PSMA2) is a critical component of the 20S proteasome, which is the core particle of the 26S proteasome complex and is involved in cellular protein quality control by recognizing and recycling defective proteins. PSMA2 expression dysregulation has been detected in different human diseases and viral infections. No study yet has reported PSMA2 knockdown (KD) effects on the cellular proteome. METHODS We used SOMAScan, an aptamer-based multiplexed technique, to measure >1300 human proteins to determine the impact of PSMA2 KD on A549 human lung epithelial cells. RESULTS PSMA2 KD resulted in significant dysregulation of 52 cellular proteins involved in different bio-functions, including cellular movement and development, cell death and survival, and cancer. The immune system and signal transduction were the most affected cellular functions. PSMA2 KD caused dysregulation of several signaling pathways involved in immune response, cytokine signaling, organismal growth and development, cellular stress and injury (including autophagy and unfolded protein response), and cancer responses. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study helps us better understand the importance of PSMA2 in different cellular functions, signaling pathways, and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamud-Ur Rashid
- University of Manitoba, Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Room 543 Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, Room 799, 715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Ang Gao
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, Room 799, 715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Research Institutes of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Kevin M Coombs
- University of Manitoba, Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Room 543 Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, Room 799, 715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Room 513, 715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
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3
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Singh SK. The analysis of a subset of HLA region associations in type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis suggests the involvement mechanisms other than antigen presentation in the pathogenesis. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 2022; 28:100831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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4
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Barbosa CRR, Barton J, Shepherd AJ, Mishto M. Mechanistic diversity in MHC class I antigen recognition. Biochem J 2021; 478:4187-4202. [PMID: 34940832 PMCID: PMC8786304 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Throughout its evolution, the human immune system has developed a plethora of strategies to diversify the antigenic peptide sequences that can be targeted by the CD8+ T cell response against pathogens and aberrations of self. Here we provide a general overview of the mechanisms that lead to the diversity of antigens presented by MHC class I complexes and their recognition by CD8+ T cells, together with a more detailed analysis of recent progress in two important areas that are highly controversial: the prevalence and immunological relevance of unconventional antigen peptides; and cross-recognition of antigenic peptides by the T cell receptors of CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila R. R. Barbosa
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI) & Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, U.K
- Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, U.K
| | - Justin Barton
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, WC1E 7HX London, U.K
| | - Adrian J. Shepherd
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, WC1E 7HX London, U.K
| | - Michele Mishto
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI) & Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, U.K
- Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, U.K
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Kammerl IE, Flexeder C, Karrasch S, Thorand B, Heier M, Peters A, Schulz H, Meiners S. Blood Immunoproteasome Activity Is Regulated by Sex, Age and in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: A First Population-Based Study. Cells 2021; 10:3336. [PMID: 34943847 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the immunoproteasome has been implicated in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Its potential as a biomarker for predicting disease stages, however, has not been investigated so far and population-based analyses on the impact of sex and age are missing. We here analyzed the activity of all six catalytic sites of the proteasome in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 873 study participants of the KORA FF4 study using activity-based probes. The activity of the immuno- and standard proteasome correlated clearly with elevated leukocyte counts of study participants. Unexpectedly, we observed a strong sex dimorphism for proteasome activity with significantly lower immunoproteasome activity in women. In aging, almost all catalytic activities of the proteasome were activated in aged women while maintained upon aging in men. We also noted distinct sex-related activation patterns of standard and immunoproteasome active sites in chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as determined by multiple linear regression modeling. Our data thus provides a conceptual framework for future analysis of immunoproteasome function as a bio-marker for chronic inflammatory disease development and progression.
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6
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Chen X, Yao N, Lin Z, Wang Y. Inhibition of the Immunoproteasome Subunit LMP7 Ameliorates Cerebral White Matter Demyelination Possibly via TGF β/Smad Signaling. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021; 2021:6426225. [PMID: 34675988 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6426225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induces white matter ischemic injury and cognitive impairment, whereas the mechanism remains unclear. Immunoproteasomes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute ischemia stroke and multiple sclerosis. However, the expression and role of immunoproteasomes in the brain of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion remain to be clarified. Methods Chronic white matter ischemic injury mice models were induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). A selective immunoproteasome subunit low-molecular-mass peptide-7 (LMP7) inhibitor PR957 was administered to mice. Cognitive function, white matter integrity, and potential pathways were assessed after BCAS. Results The present study found that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion following BCAS induced cerebral white matter demyelination and cognitive impairment, accompanied with elevated expression of the immunoproteasomes LMP2 and LMP7, activation of astrocytes and microglia, and increased production of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-10, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)). However, inhibition of LMP7 with the specific proteasome inhibitor PR957 significantly mitigated the histological damage of the white matter, suppressed inflammatory response, and paralleled by an improvement of cognitive function. Furthermore, treatment of PR957 significantly upregulated the level of TGFβ1, the total expression level, and the phosphorylation level of Smad2/3 and promoted brain remyelination. Surprisingly, PR957 alone had no effects on the neuroinflammation response and the activation of TGFβ/Smad signaling in the sham-operated (BCAS-nonoperated) mice. Conclusions The possible mechanism underlying this was attributed to that the immunoproteasome regulates TGFβ/Smad signaling-mediated neuroinflammation and oligodendrocyte remyelination.
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7
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Goetzke CC, Ebstein F, Kallinich T. Role of Proteasomes in Inflammation. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1783. [PMID: 33923887 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is involved in multiple cellular functions including the regulation of protein homeostasis, major histocompatibility (MHC) class I antigen processing, cell cycle proliferation and signaling. In humans, proteasome loss-of-function mutations result in autoinflammation dominated by a prominent type I interferon (IFN) gene signature. These genomic alterations typically cause the development of proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndromes (PRAAS) by impairing proteasome activity and perturbing protein homeostasis. However, an abnormal increased proteasomal activity can also be found in other human inflammatory diseases. In this review, we cast a light on the different clinical aspects of proteasomal activity in human disease and summarize the currently studied therapeutic approaches.
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Paramonova N, Kalnina J, Dokane K, Dislere K, Trapina I, Sjakste T, Sjakste N. Genetic variations in the PSMA6 and PSMC6 proteasome genes are associated with multiple sclerosis and response to interferon-β therapy in Latvians. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:478. [PMID: 33767773 PMCID: PMC7976443 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several polymorphisms in genes related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system exhibit an association with pathogenesis and prognosis of various human autoimmune diseases. Our previous study reported the association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and the PSMA3-rs2348071 polymorphism in the Latvian population. The current study aimed to evaluate the PSMA6 and PSMC6 genetic variations, their interaction between each other and with the rs2348071, on the susceptibility to MS risk and response to therapy in the Latvian population. PSMA6-rs2277460, -rs1048990 and PSMC6-rs2295826, -rs2295827 were genotyped in the MS case/control study and analysed in terms of genotype-protein correlation network. The possible association with the disease and alleles, single- and multi-locus genotypes and haplotypes of the studied loci was assessed. Response to therapy was evaluated in terms of 'no evidence of disease activity'. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to report that single- and multi-loci variations in the PSMA6, PSMC6 and PSMA3 proteasome genes may have contributed to the risk of MS in the Latvian population. The results of the current study suggested a potential for the PSMA6-rs1048990 to be an independent marker for the prognosis of interferon-β therapy response. The genotype-phenotype network presented in the current study provided a new insight into the pathogenesis of MS and perspectives for future pharmaceutical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Paramonova
- Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology of The University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jolanta Kalnina
- Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology of The University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristine Dokane
- Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology of The University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristine Dislere
- Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology of The University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilva Trapina
- Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology of The University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Tatjana Sjakste
- Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology of The University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Nikolajs Sjakste
- Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology of The University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry of The University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
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9
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Sonninen TM, Goldsteins G, Laham-Karam N, Koistinaho J, Lehtonen Š. Proteostasis Disturbances and Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:E2183. [PMID: 32998318 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) disturbances and inflammation are evident in normal aging and some age-related neurodegenerative diseases. While the proteostasis network maintains the integrity of intracellular and extracellular functional proteins, inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli. Cellular stress conditions can cause protein damage, thus exacerbating protein misfolding and leading to an eventual overload of the degradation system. The regulation of proteostasis network is particularly important in postmitotic neurons due to their limited regenerative capacity. Therefore, maintaining balanced protein synthesis, handling unfolding, refolding, and degrading misfolded proteins are essential to preserve all cellular functions in the central nervous sysytem. Failing proteostasis may trigger inflammatory responses in glial cells, and the consequent release of inflammatory mediators may lead to disturbances in proteostasis. Here, we review the mechanisms of proteostasis and inflammatory response, emphasizing their role in the pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Furthermore, we discuss the interplay between proteostatic stress and excessive immune response that activates inflammation and leads to dysfunctional proteostasis.
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10
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Smith BC, Sinyuk M, Jenkins JE, Psenicka MW, Williams JL. The impact of regional astrocyte interferon-γ signaling during chronic autoimmunity: a novel role for the immunoproteasome. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:184. [PMID: 32532298 PMCID: PMC7291495 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01861-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In early autoimmune neuroinflammation, interferon (IFN)γ and its upregulation of the immunoproteasome (iP) is pathologic. However, during chronic multiple sclerosis (MS), IFNγ has protective properties. Although dysregulation of the iP has been implicated in neurodegeneration, its function remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that IFNγ signaling in regional astrocytes induces the iP and promotes protection of the CNS during chronic autoimmunity. Methods In a multiple sclerosis (MS) brain, we evaluated mRNA expression and labeled postmortem MS brainstem and spinal cord for iP subunits and indicators of oxidative stress. Primary regional human astrocytes were analyzed for iP regulation and function by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot, OxyBlot, and reactive oxygen species and caspase activity detection assays. Following immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55, the role of IFNγ signaling and the iP during chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were assessed using pharmacologic inhibition of the iP and genetic interruption of IFNγ signaling specifically in astrocytes. Central nervous system (CNS) tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence, and cell-specific colocalization was quantified. Results In MS tissue, iP expression was enhanced in the spinal cord compared to brainstem lesions, which correlated with a decrease in oxidative stress. In vitro, IFNγ stimulation enhanced iP expression, reduced reactive oxygen species burden, and decreased oxidatively damaged and poly-ubiquitinated protein accumulation preferentially in human spinal cord astrocytes, which was abrogated with the use of the iP inhibitor, ONX 0914. During the chronic phase of an MS animal model, EAE, ONX 0914 treatment exacerbated the disease and led to increased oxidative stress and poly-ubiquitinated protein buildup. Finally, mice with astrocyte-specific loss of the IFNγ receptor exhibited worsened chronic EAE associated with reduced iP expression, enhanced lesion size and oxidative stress, and poly-ubiquitinated protein accumulation in astrocytes. Conclusions Taken together, our data reveal a protective role for IFNγ in chronic neuroinflammation and identify a novel function of the iP in astrocytes during CNS autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C Smith
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maksim Sinyuk
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Julius E Jenkins
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Morgan W Psenicka
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jessica L Williams
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
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Abstract
The immunoproteasome (iCP) is an isoform of the 20S proteasome that is expressed when cells are stressed or receive an inflammatory signal. The primary role of the iCP is to hydrolyze proteins into peptides that are compatible with being loaded into a MHC-I complex. When the activity of the iCP is dysregulated or highly expressed, it can lead to unwanted cell death. Some cancer types express the iCP rather than the standard proteasome, and selective inhibitors have been developed to exploit this difference. Here, we describe diseases known to be influenced by iCP activity and the current status for targeting the iCP to elicit a therapeutic response. We also describe a variety of chemical tools that have been developed to monitor the activity of the iCP in cells. Finally, we present the future outlook for targeting the iCP in a variety of disease types and with mechanisms besides inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna L Zerfas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Marianne E Maresh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Darci J Trader
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Limanaqi F, Biagioni F, Gaglione A, Busceti CL, Fornai F. A Sentinel in the Crosstalk Between the Nervous and Immune System: The (Immuno)-Proteasome. Front Immunol 2019; 10:628. [PMID: 30984192 PMCID: PMC6450179 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The wealth of recent evidence about a bi-directional communication between nerve- and immune- cells revolutionized the traditional concept about the brain as an “immune-privileged” organ while opening novel avenues in the pathophysiology of CNS disorders. In fact, altered communication between the immune and nervous system is emerging as a common hallmark in neuro-developmental, neurodegenerative, and neuro-immunological diseases. At molecular level, the ubiquitin proteasome machinery operates as a sentinel at the crossroad between the immune system and brain. In fact, the standard proteasome and its alternative/inducible counterpart, the immunoproteasome, operate dynamically and coordinately in both nerve- and immune- cells to modulate neurotransmission, oxidative/inflammatory stress response, and immunity. When dysregulations of the proteasome system occur, altered amounts of standard- vs. immune-proteasome subtypes translate into altered communication between neurons, glia, and immune cells. This contributes to neuro-inflammatory pathology in a variety of neurological disorders encompassing Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntingtin's diseases, brain trauma, epilepsy, and Multiple Sclerosis. In the present review, we analyze those proteasome-dependent molecular interactions which sustain communication between neurons, glia, and brain circulating T-lymphocytes both in baseline and pathological conditions. The evidence here discussed converges in that upregulation of immunoproteasome to the detriment of the standard proteasome, is commonly implicated in the inflammatory- and immune- biology of neurodegeneration. These concepts may foster additional studies investigating the role of immunoproteasome as a potential target in neurodegenerative and neuro-immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Limanaqi
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Francesco Fornai
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,I.R.C.C.S Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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Kuckelkorn U, Stübler S, Textoris-Taube K, Kilian C, Niewienda A, Henklein P, Janek K, Stumpf MPH, Mishto M, Liepe J. Proteolytic dynamics of human 20S thymoproteasome. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7740-7754. [PMID: 30914481 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient immunosurveillance of CD8+ T cells in the periphery depends on positive/negative selection of thymocytes and thus on the dynamics of antigen degradation and epitope production by thymoproteasome and immunoproteasome in the thymus. Although studies in mouse systems have shown how thymoproteasome activity differs from that of immunoproteasome and strongly impacts the T cell repertoire, the proteolytic dynamics and the regulation of human thymoproteasome are unknown. By combining biochemical and computational modeling approaches, we show here that human 20S thymoproteasome and immunoproteasome differ not only in the proteolytic activity of the catalytic sites but also in the peptide transport. These differences impinge upon the quantity of peptide products rather than where the substrates are cleaved. The comparison of the two human 20S proteasome isoforms depicts different processing of antigens that are associated to tumors and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Kuckelkorn
- From the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biochemie, Germany, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Stübler
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.,Mathematical Modelling and Systems Biology, Institute of Mathematics, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kathrin Textoris-Taube
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Biochemie, Germany, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Shared Facility for Mass Spectrometry, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Kilian
- From the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biochemie, Germany, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Agathe Niewienda
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Biochemie, Germany, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Shared Facility for Mass Spectrometry, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Henklein
- From the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biochemie, Germany, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Janek
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Biochemie, Germany, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Shared Facility for Mass Spectrometry, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael P H Stumpf
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.,Melbourne Integrative Genomics, Schools of BioSciences and of Maths & Stats, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Michele Mishto
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Biochemie, Germany, 10117 Berlin, Germany, .,Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI) and Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Juliane Liepe
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, .,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and
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14
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Dianzani C, Vecchio D, Clemente N, Chiocchetti A, Martinelli Boneschi F, Galimberti D, Dianzani U, Comi C, Mishto M, Liepe J. Untangling Extracellular Proteasome-Osteopontin Circuit Dynamics in Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030262. [PMID: 30897778 PMCID: PMC6468732 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of proteasomes in extracellular space is still largely unknown. The extracellular proteasome-osteopontin circuit has recently been hypothesized to be part of the inflammatory machinery regulating relapse/remission phase alternation in multiple sclerosis. However, it is still unclear what dynamics there are between the different elements of the circuit, what the role of proteasome isoforms is, and whether these inflammatory circuit dynamics are associated with the clinical severity of multiple sclerosis. To shed light on these aspects of this novel inflammatory circuit, we integrated in vitro proteasome isoform data, cell chemotaxis cell culture data, and clinical data of multiple sclerosis cohorts in a coherent computational inference framework. Thereby, we modeled extracellular osteopontin-proteasome circuit dynamics during relapse/remission alternation in multiple sclerosis. Applying this computational framework to a longitudinal study on single multiple sclerosis patients suggests a complex interaction between extracellular proteasome isoforms and osteopontin with potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Dianzani
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Domizia Vecchio
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Amedeo Avogadro, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Amedeo Avogadro, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Amedeo Avogadro, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Filippo Martinelli Boneschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- MS Research Unit and Department of Neurology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy.
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, "Dino Ferrari" Centre, 20100 Milano, Italy.
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milano, Italy.
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Amedeo Avogadro, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Amedeo Avogadro, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Michele Mishto
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI) & Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, UK.
- Institute for Biochemistry, Charité⁻Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Biochemie, Germany, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Juliane Liepe
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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15
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Abstract
β-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the effect of inflammation and autoimmunity. In response to inflammatory signals, islet cells engage adaptive mechanisms to restore and maintain cellular homeostasis. Among these mechanisms, the unfolded protein response (UPR) leads to a reduction of the general protein translation rate, increased production of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones and the initiation of degradation by activation of the ER associated degradation pathway (ERAD) in which newly synthetized proteins are ubiquitinylated and processed through the proteasome. This adaptive phase is also believed to play a critical role in the development of autoimmunity by the generation of neoantigens. While we have previously investigated the effect of stress on transcription, translation and post-translational events as possible source for neoantigens, the participation of the degradation machinery, yet crucial in the generation of antigenic peptides, remains to be investigated in the context of T1D pathology. In this review, we will describe the relation between the unfolded protein response and the Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) and address the role of the cellular degradation machinery in the generation of antigens. Learning from tumour immunology, we propose how these processes may unmask β-cells by triggering the generation of aberrant peptides recognized by the immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Thomaidou
- Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Bart O. Roep
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood bank Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Diabetes ImmunologyDiabetes & Metabolism Research Institute at the Beckman Research InstituteDuarteCalifornia
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16
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Meiners S, Evankovich J, Mallampalli RK. The ubiquitin proteasome system as a potential therapeutic target for systemic sclerosis. Transl Res 2018; 198:17-28. [PMID: 29702079 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The present review aims to summarize available knowledge on the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in the pathogenesis of scleroderma and scleroderma-related disease mechanisms. This will provide the reader with a more mechanistic understanding of disease pathogenesis and help to identify putative novel targets within the UPS for potential therapeutic intervention. Because of the heterogenous manifestations of scleroderma, we will primarily focus on conserved mechanisms that are involved in the development of lung scleroderma phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Munich (CPC-M), Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.
| | - John Evankovich
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Medical Specialty Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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17
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ubiquitin-proteasome system is responsible for maintaining protein homeostasis and regulating a variety of cellular processes. The constitutive proteasome is expressed in all cells while the immunoproteasome (IP) is predominantly found in cells of hematopoietic origin. In other cells, the expression of IP can be induced under the influence of cytokines released by T cells during acute immune and stress responses. Inhibitors of IP are of significant interest, because it is expected that selective inhibition of the IP would cause fewer adverse effects. AREAS COVERED There is a considerable interest on patenting IP-specific inhibitors. Relevant patents and patent applications disclosing IP inhibitors are summarized and divided into two parts according to the chemical characteristics of compounds. We also briefly report on the biochemical methods used in the patents to profile the characteristics of IP inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Several selective inhibitors of IP with a promising ability to address autoimmune and inflammatory diseases are being developed. Peptidic compounds are prevalent and the most advanced IP-selective compounds to date, ONX-0914 and KZR-616, are tripeptide epoxyketone-based molecules. However, some patents disclose that IP-selective inhibition is possible with compounds possessing non-peptidic scaffolds indicating countless possibilities to address inhibition of IP in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ogorevc
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | | | - Izidor Sosič
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
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18
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Guerrero-García JDJ, Godínez-Rubí M, Ortuño-Sahagún D. Multiple Sclerosis in Search for Biomarkers: Gender as a Variable in the Equation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/nib-170126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marisol Godínez-Rubí
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), C.U.C.S., Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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19
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Aronica E, Bauer S, Bozzi Y, Caleo M, Dingledine R, Gorter JA, Henshall DC, Kaufer D, Koh S, Löscher W, Louboutin JP, Mishto M, Norwood BA, Palma E, Poulter MO, Terrone G, Vezzani A, Kaminski RM. Neuroinflammatory targets and treatments for epilepsy validated in experimental models. Epilepsia 2017; 58 Suppl 3:27-38. [PMID: 28675563 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A large body of evidence that has accumulated over the past decade strongly supports the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of human epilepsy. Specific inflammatory molecules and pathways have been identified that influence various pathologic outcomes in different experimental models of epilepsy. Most importantly, the same inflammatory pathways have also been found in surgically resected brain tissue from patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy. New antiseizure therapies may be derived from these novel potential targets. An essential and crucial question is whether targeting these molecules and pathways may result in anti-ictogenesis, antiepileptogenesis, and/or disease-modification effects. Therefore, preclinical testing in models mimicking relevant aspects of epileptogenesis is needed to guide integrated experimental and clinical trial designs. We discuss the most recent preclinical proof-of-concept studies validating a number of therapeutic approaches against inflammatory mechanisms in animal models that could represent novel avenues for drug development in epilepsy. Finally, we suggest future directions to accelerate preclinical to clinical translation of these recent discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,SEIN-Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yuri Bozzi
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Matteo Caleo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Raymond Dingledine
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A
| | - Jan A Gorter
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, U.S.A
| | - Sookyong Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Louboutin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.,Gene Therapy Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Michele Mishto
- Charite University Medicine Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Braxton A Norwood
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.,Neuroscience Division, Expesicor LLC, Kalispell, Montana, U.S.A
| | - Eleonora Palma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael O Poulter
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gaetano Terrone
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
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20
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Mo MS, Huang W, Sun CC, Zhang LM, Cen L, Xiao YS, Li GF, Yang XL, Qu SG, Xu PY. Association Analysis of Proteasome Subunits and Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing on Chinese Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:1053-8. [PMID: 27098790 PMCID: PMC4852672 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.180513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Proteasome subunits (PSMB) and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) loci are located in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class II region play important roles in immune response and protein degradation in neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PSMB and TAP and Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: A case–control study was conducted by genotyping SNPs in PSMB8, PSMB9, TAP1, and TAP2 genes in the Chinese population. Subjects included 542 sporadic patients with PD and 674 healthy controls. Nine identified SNPs in PSMB8, PSMB9, TAP1, and TAP2 were genotyped through SNaPshot testing. Results: The stratified analysis of rs17587 was specially performed on gender. Data revealed that female patients carry a higher frequency of rs17587-G/G versus (A/A + G/A) compared with controls. But there was no significant difference with respect to the genotypic frequencies of the SNPs in PSMB8, TAP1, and TAP2 loci in PD patients. Conclusion: Chinese females carrying the rs17587-G/G genotype in PSMB9 may increase a higher risk for PD, but no linkage was found between other SNPs in HLA Class II region and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ping-Yi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
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21
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Platteel ACM, Marit de Groot A, Keller C, Andersen P, Ovaa H, Kloetzel PM, Mishto M, Sijts AJAM. Strategies to enhance immunogenicity of cDNA vaccine encoded antigens by modulation of antigen processing. Vaccine 2016; 34:5132-40. [PMID: 27593157 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most vaccines are based on protective humoral responses while for intracellular pathogens CD8(+) T cells are regularly needed to provide protection. However, poor processing efficiency of antigens is often a limiting factor in CD8(+) T cell priming, hampering vaccine efficacy. The multistage cDNA vaccine H56, encoding three secreted Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens, was used to test a complete strategy to enhance vaccine' immunogenicity. Potential CD8(+) T cell epitopes in H56 were predicted using the NetMHC3.4/ANN program. Mice were immunized with H56 cDNA using dermal DNA tattoo immunization and epitope candidates were tested for recognition by responding CD8(+) T cells in ex vivo assays. Seven novel CD8(+) T cell epitopes were identified. H56 immunogenicity could be substantially enhanced by two strategies: (i) fusion of the H56 sequence to cDNA of proteins that modify intracellular antigen processing or provide CD4(+) T cell help, (ii) by substitution of the epitope's hydrophobic C-terminal flanking residues for polar glutamic acid, which facilitated their proteasome-mediated generation. We conclude that this whole strategy of in silico prediction of potential CD8(+) T cell epitopes in novel antigens, followed by fusion to sequences with immunogenicity-enhancing properties or modification of epitope flanking sequences to improve proteasome-mediated processing, may be exploited to design novel vaccines against emerging or 'hard to treat' intracellular pathogens.
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22
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Kammerl IE, Meiners S. Proteasome function shapes innate and adaptive immune responses. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L328-36. [PMID: 27343191 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00156.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome system degrades more than 80% of intracellular proteins into small peptides. Accordingly, the proteasome is involved in many essential cellular functions, such as protein quality control, transcription, immune responses, cell signaling, and apoptosis. Moreover, degradation products are loaded onto major histocompatibility class I molecules to communicate the intracellular protein composition to the immune system. The standard 20S proteasome core complex contains three distinct catalytic active sites that are exchanged upon stimulation with inflammatory cytokines to form the so-called immunoproteasome. Immunoproteasomes are constitutively expressed in immune cells and have different proteolytic activities compared with standard proteasomes. They are rapidly induced in parenchymal cells upon intracellular pathogen infection and are crucial for priming effective CD8(+) T-cell-mediated immune responses against infected cells. Beyond shaping these adaptive immune reactions, immunoproteasomes also regulate the function of immune cells by degradation of inflammatory and immune mediators. Accordingly, they emerge as novel regulators of innate immune responses. The recently unraveled impairment of immunoproteasome function by environmental challenges and by genetic variations of immunoproteasome genes might represent a currently underestimated risk factor for the development and progression of lung diseases. In particular, immunoproteasome dysfunction will dampen resolution of infections, thereby promoting exacerbations, may foster autoimmunity in chronic lung diseases, and possibly contributes to immune evasion of tumor cells. Novel pharmacological tools, such as site-specific inhibitors of the immunoproteasome, as well as activity-based probes, however, hold promises as innovative therapeutic drugs for respiratory diseases and biomarker profiling, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona E Kammerl
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Silke Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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23
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Kaur G, Batra S. Emerging role of immunoproteasomes in pathophysiology. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:812-20. [PMID: 27192937 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The immunoproteasome is a proteasome variant that is found only in jawed vertebrates. It is responsible for degrading intracellular proteins to generate a major source of peptides with substantial major histocompatibility complex I binding affinity. The immunoproteasome also has roles in T-cell survival, differentiation and proliferation in various pathological conditions. In humans, any alteration in the expression, assembly or function of the immunoproteasome can lead to cancer, autoimmune disorders or inflammatory diseases. Although the roles of the immunoproteasome in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders have been extensively studied, its significance in other disease conditions has only recently become known. Therefore, there is renewed interest in the development of drugs, vaccines and biomarkers that target the immunoproteasome. The current review highlights the involvement of this complex in disease pathology in addition to the advances made in immunoproteasome research.
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24
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Ebstein F, Textoris-Taube K, Keller C, Golnik R, Vigneron N, Van den Eynde BJ, Schuler-Thurner B, Schadendorf D, Lorenz FK, Uckert W, Urban S, Lehmann A, Albrecht-Koepke N, Janek K, Henklein P, Niewienda A, Kloetzel PM, Mishto M. Proteasomes generate spliced epitopes by two different mechanisms and as efficiently as non-spliced epitopes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24032. [PMID: 27049119 DOI: 10.1038/srep24032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome-catalyzed peptide splicing represents an additional catalytic activity of proteasomes contributing to the pool of MHC-class I-presented epitopes. We here biochemically and functionally characterized a new melanoma gp100 derived spliced epitope. We demonstrate that the gp100mel47–52/40–42 antigenic peptide is generated in vitro and in cellulo by a not yet described proteasomal condensation reaction. gp100mel47–52/40–42 generation is enhanced in the presence of the β5i/LMP7 proteasome-subunit and elicits a peptide-specific CD8+ T cell response. Importantly, we demonstrate that different gp100mel-derived spliced epitopes are generated and presented to CD8+ T cells with efficacies comparable to non-spliced canonical tumor epitopes and that gp100mel-derived spliced epitopes trigger activation of CD8+ T cells found in peripheral blood of half of the melanoma patients tested. Our data suggest that both transpeptidation and condensation reactions contribute to the frequent generation of spliced epitopes also in vivo and that their immune relevance may be comparable to non-spliced epitopes.
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25
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Platteel ACM, Mishto M, Textoris-Taube K, Keller C, Liepe J, Busch DH, Kloetzel PM, Sijts AJAM. CD8(+) T cells of Listeria monocytogenes-infected mice recognize both linear and spliced proteasome products. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1109-18. [PMID: 26909514 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CD8(+) T cells responding to infection recognize pathogen-derived epitopes presented by MHC class-I molecules. While most of such epitopes are generated by proteasome-mediated antigen cleavage, analysis of tumor antigen processing has revealed that epitopes may also derive from proteasome-catalyzed peptide splicing (PCPS). To determine whether PCPS contributes to epitope processing during infection, we analyzed the fragments produced by purified proteasomes from a Listeria monocytogenes polypeptide. Mass spectrometry identified a known H-2K(b) -presented linear epitope (LLO296-304 ) in the digests, as well as four spliced peptides that were trimmed by ERAP into peptides with in silico predicted H-2K(b) binding affinity. These spliced peptides, which displayed sequence similarity with LLO296-304 , bound to H-2K(b) molecules in cellular assays and one of the peptides was recognized by CD8(+) T cells of infected mice. This spliced epitope differed by one amino acid from LLO296-304 and double staining with LLO296-304 - and spliced peptide-folded MHC multimers showed that LLO296-304 and its spliced variant were recognized by the same CD8(+) T cells. Thus, PCPS multiplies the variety of peptides that is processed from an antigen and leads to the production of epitope variants that can be recognized by cross-reacting pathogen-specific CD8(+) T cells. Such mechanism may reduce the chances for pathogen immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk C M Platteel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Mishto
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Interdepartmental Centre "Luigi Galvani" for Bioinformatics, Biophysics and Biocomplexity (CIG), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Christin Keller
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Liepe
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter M Kloetzel
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alice J A M Sijts
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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26
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Mishto M, Raza ML, de Biase D, Ravizza T, Vasuri F, Martucci M, Keller C, Bellavista E, Buchholz TJ, Kloetzel PM, Pession A, Vezzani A, Heinemann U. The immunoproteasome β5i subunit is a key contributor to ictogenesis in a rat model of chronic epilepsy. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 49:188-96. [PMID: 26044087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is the core of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and is involved in synaptic protein metabolism. The incorporation of three inducible immuno-subunits into the proteasome results in the generation of the so-called immunoproteasome, which is endowed of pathophysiological functions related to immunity and inflammation. In healthy human brain, the expression of the key catalytic β5i subunit of the immunoproteasome is almost absent, while it is induced in the epileptogenic foci surgically resected from patients with pharmaco-resistant seizures, including temporal lobe epilepsy. We show here that the β5i immuno-subunit is induced in experimental epilepsy, and its selective pharmacological inhibition significantly prevents, or delays, 4-aminopyridine-induced seizure-like events in acute rat hippocampal/entorhinal cortex slices. These effects are stronger in slices from epileptic vs normal rats, likely due to the more prominent β5i subunit expression in neurons and glia cells of diseased tissue. β5i subunit is transcriptionally induced in epileptogenic tissue likely by Toll-like receptor 4 signaling activation, and independently on promoter methylation. The recent availability of selective β5i subunit inhibitors opens up novel therapeutic opportunities for seizure inhibition in drug-resistant epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mishto
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sul Cancro "Giorgio Prodi", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Muhammad L Raza
- Institut für Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Garystr. 5, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dario de Biase
- Dept. of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Teresa Ravizza
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Vasuri
- Institute of Oncology and Transplant Pathology at Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Morena Martucci
- Dept. of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Christin Keller
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Bellavista
- Dept. of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tonia J Buchholz
- Onyx Pharmaceuticals Inc., Amgen Subsidiary, 249 E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Peter M Kloetzel
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annalisa Pession
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Uwe Heinemann
- Institut für Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Garystr. 5, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Belogurov A, Kuzina E, Kudriaeva A, Kononikhin A, Kovalchuk S, Surina Y, Smirnov I, Lomakin Y, Bacheva A, Stepanov A, Karpova Y, Lyupina Y, Kharybin O, Melamed D, Ponomarenko N, Sharova N, Nikolaev E, Gabibov A. Ubiquitin-independent proteosomal degradation of myelin basic protein contributes to development of neurodegenerative autoimmunity. FASEB J 2015; 29:1901-13. [PMID: 25634956 PMCID: PMC4415016 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-259333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that the ubiquitin–proteasome system is involved in the pathogenesis of cancer as well as autoimmune and several neurodegenerative diseases, and is thus a target for novel therapeutics. One disease that is related to aberrant protein degradation is multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disorder involving the processing and presentation of myelin autoantigens that leads to the destruction of axons. Here, we show that brain-derived proteasomes from SJL mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in an ubiquitin-independent manner generate significantly increased amounts of myelin basic protein peptides that induces cytotoxic lymphocytes to target mature oligodendrocytes ex vivo. Ten times enhanced release of immunogenic peptides by cerebral proteasomes from EAE-SJL mice is caused by a dramatic shift in the balance between constitutive and β1ihigh immunoproteasomes in the CNS of SJL mice with EAE. We found that during EAE, β1i is increased in resident CNS cells, whereas β5i is imported by infiltrating lymphocytes through the blood–brain barrier. Peptidyl epoxyketone specifically inhibits brain-derived β1ihigh immunoproteasomes in vitro (kobs/[I] = 240 M−1s−1), and at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, it ameliorates ongoing EAE in vivo. Therefore, our findings provide novel insights into myelin metabolism in pathophysiologic conditions and reveal that the β1i subunit of the immunoproteasome is a potential target to treat autoimmune neurologic diseases.—Belogurov Jr., A., Kuzina, E., Kudriaeva, A., Kononikhin, A., Kovalchuk, S., Surina, Y., Smirnov, I., Lomakin, Y., Bacheva, A., Stepanov, A., Karpova, Y., Lyupina, Y., Kharybin, O., Melamed, D., Ponomarenko, N., Sharova, N., Nikolaev, E., Gabibov, A. Ubiquitin-independent proteosomal degradation of myelin basic protein contributes to development of neurodegenerative autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Belogurov
- *Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Acedemy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia; **Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Kuzina
- *Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Acedemy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia; **Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Anna Kudriaeva
- *Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Acedemy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia; **Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Alexey Kononikhin
- *Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Acedemy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia; **Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Sergey Kovalchuk
- *Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Acedemy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia; **Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Yelena Surina
- *Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Acedemy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia; **Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Ivan Smirnov
- *Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Acedemy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia; **Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Yakov Lomakin
- *Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Acedemy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia; **Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Anna Bacheva
- *Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Acedemy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia; **Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Alexey Stepanov
- *Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Acedemy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia; **Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Yaroslava Karpova
- *Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Acedemy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia; **Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Yulia Lyupina
- *Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Acedemy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia; **Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Oleg Kharybin
- *Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Acedemy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia; **Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Dobroslav Melamed
- *Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Acedemy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia; **Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Natalia Ponomarenko
- *Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Acedemy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia; **Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Natalia Sharova
- *Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Acedemy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia; **Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Eugene Nikolaev
- *Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Acedemy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia; **Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Alexander Gabibov
- *Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Acedemy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia; Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia; **Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
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28
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Mishto M, Liepe J, Textoris-Taube K, Keller C, Henklein P, Weberruß M, Dahlmann B, Enenkel C, Voigt A, Kuckelkorn U, Stumpf MPH, Kloetzel PM. Proteasome isoforms exhibit only quantitative differences in cleavage and epitope generation. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3508-21. [PMID: 25231383 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Immunoproteasomes are considered to be optimised to process Ags and to alter the peptide repertoire by generating a qualitatively different set of MHC class I epitopes. Whether the immunoproteasome at the biochemical level, influence the quality rather than the quantity of the immuno-genic peptide pool is still unclear. Here, we quantified the cleavage-site usage by human standard- and immunoproteasomes, and proteasomes from immuno-subunit-deficient mice, as well as the peptides generated from model polypeptides. We show in this study that the different proteasome isoforms can exert significant quantitative differences in the cleavage-site usage and MHC class I restricted epitope production. However, independent of the proteasome isoform and substrates studied, no evidence was obtained for the abolishment of the specific cleavage-site usage, or for differences in the quality of the peptides generated. Thus, we conclude that the observed differences in MHC class I restricted Ag presentation between standard- and immunoproteasomes are due to quantitative differences in the proteasome-generated antigenic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mishto
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sul Cancro "Giorgio Prodi,", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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29
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Bellavista E, Martucci M, Vasuri F, Santoro A, Mishto M, Kloss A, Capizzi E, Degiovanni A, Lanzarini C, Remondini D, Dazzi A, Pellegrini S, Cescon M, Capri M, Salvioli S, D'Errico-Grigioni A, Dahlmann B, Grazi GL, Franceschi C. Lifelong maintenance of composition, function and cellular/subcellular distribution of proteasomes in human liver. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 141-142:26-34. [PMID: 25265087 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Owing to organ shortage, livers from old donors are increasingly used for transplantation. The function and duration of such transplanted livers are apparently comparable to those from young donors, suggesting that, despite some morphological and structural age-related changes, no major functional changes do occur in liver with age. We tested this hypothesis by performing a comprehensive study on proteasomes, major cell organelles responsible for proteostasis, in liver biopsies from heart-beating donors. Oxidized and poly-ubiquitin conjugated proteins did not accumulate with age and the three major proteasome proteolytic activities were similar in livers from young and old donors. Analysis of proteasomes composition showed an age-related increased of β5i/α4 ratio, suggesting a shift toward proteasomes containing inducible subunits and a decreased content of PA28α subunit, mainly in the cytosol of hepatocytes. Thus our data suggest that, proteasomes activity is well preserved in livers from aged donors, concomitantly with subtle changes in proteasome subunit composition which might reflect the occurrence of a functional remodelling to maintain an efficient proteostasis. Gender differences are emerging and they deserve further investigations owing to the different aging trajectories between men and women. Finally, our data support the safe use of livers from old donors for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bellavista
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" for Integrated Studies on Biophysics, Bioinformatics and Biocomplexity (CIG), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Morena Martucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesco Vasuri
- "F. Addarii" Institute of Oncology and Transplant Pathology at Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Michele Mishto
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sul Cancro "Giorgio Prodi" (CIRC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alexander Kloss
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Elisa Capizzi
- "F. Addarii" Institute of Oncology and Transplant Pathology at Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessio Degiovanni
- "F. Addarii" Institute of Oncology and Transplant Pathology at Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Catia Lanzarini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniel Remondini
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" for Integrated Studies on Biophysics, Bioinformatics and Biocomplexity (CIG), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy (DIFA) and INFN Sez. Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Dazzi
- Department of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sara Pellegrini
- Department of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matteo Cescon
- Department of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Miriam Capri
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" for Integrated Studies on Biophysics, Bioinformatics and Biocomplexity (CIG), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" for Integrated Studies on Biophysics, Bioinformatics and Biocomplexity (CIG), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Antonia D'Errico-Grigioni
- "F. Addarii" Institute of Oncology and Transplant Pathology at Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Burkhardt Dahlmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Claudio Franceschi
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" for Integrated Studies on Biophysics, Bioinformatics and Biocomplexity (CIG), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, 40139 Bologna, Italy; National Research Council of Italy, CNR, Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), 40129 Bologna, Italy; National Research Council of Italy, CNR, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna IOR, 40136 Italy.
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30
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Jansen AHP, Reits EAJ, Hol EM. The ubiquitin proteasome system in glia and its role in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 7:73. [PMID: 25152710 PMCID: PMC4126450 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is crucial for intracellular protein homeostasis and for degradation of aberrant and damaged proteins. The accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s disease, leading to the hypothesis that proteasomal impairment is contributing to these diseases. So far, most research related to the UPS in neurodegenerative diseases has been focused on neurons, while glial cells have been largely disregarded in this respect. However, glial cells are essential for proper neuronal function and adopt a reactive phenotype in neurodegenerative diseases, thereby contributing to an inflammatory response. This process is called reactive gliosis, which in turn affects UPS function in glial cells. In many neurodegenerative diseases, mostly neurons show accumulation and aggregation of ubiquitinated proteins, suggesting that glial cells may be better equipped to maintain proper protein homeostasis. During an inflammatory reaction, the immunoproteasome is induced in glia, which may contribute to a more efficient degradation of disease-related proteins. Here we review the role of the UPS in glial cells in various neurodegenerative diseases, and we discuss how studying glial cell function might provide essential information in unraveling mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne H P Jansen
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric A J Reits
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands ; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam Netherlands
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31
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Chondrogianni N, Sakellari M, Lefaki M, Papaevgeniou N, Gonos ES. Proteasome activation delays aging in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:303-320. [PMID: 24681338 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural biological process that is characterized by a progressive accumulation of macromolecular damage. In the proteome, aging is accompanied by decreased protein homeostasis and function of the major cellular proteolytic systems, leading to the accumulation of unfolded, misfolded, or aggregated proteins. In particular, the proteasome is responsible for the removal of normal as well as damaged or misfolded proteins. Extensive work during the past several years has clearly demonstrated that proteasome activation by either genetic means or use of compounds significantly retards aging. Importantly, this represents a common feature across evolution, thereby suggesting proteasome activation to be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of aging and longevity regulation. This review article reports on the means of function of these proteasome activators and how they regulate aging in various species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Chondrogianni
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece.
| | - Marianthi Sakellari
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece; Örebro University Medical School, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Lefaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Papaevgeniou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece; Örebro University Medical School, Örebro, Sweden
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Gohlke S, Mishto M, Textoris-Taube K, Keller C, Giannini C, Vasuri F, Capizzi E, D’Errico-Grigioni A, Kloetzel PM, Dahlmann B. Molecular alterations in proteasomes of rat liver during aging result in altered proteolytic activities. Age (Dordr) 2014; 36:57-72. [PMID: 23690132 PMCID: PMC3889881 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging induces alterations of tissue protein homoeostasis. To investigate one of the major systems catalysing intracellular protein degradation we have purified 20S proteasomes from rat liver of young (2 months) and aged (23 months) animals and separated them into three subpopulations containing different types of intermediate proteasomes with standard- and immuno-subunits. The smallest subpopulation ΙΙΙ and the major subpopulation Ι comprised proteasomes containing immuno-subunits β1i and β5i beside small amounts of standard-subunits, whereas proteasomes of subpopulation ΙΙ contained only β5i beside standard-subunits. In favour of a relative increase of the major subpopulation Ι, subpopulation ΙΙ and ΙΙΙ were reduced for about 55 % and 80 %, respectively, in aged rats. Furthermore, in all three 20S proteasome subpopulations from aged animals standard-active site subunits were replaced by immuno-subunits. Overall, this transformation resulted in a relative increase of immuno-subunit-containing proteasomes, paralleled by reduced activity towards short fluorogenic peptide substrates. However, depending on the substrate their hydrolysing activity of long polypeptide substrates was significantly higher or unchanged. Furthermore, our data revealed an altered MHC class I antigen-processing efficiency of 20S proteasomes from liver of aged rats. We therefore suggest that the age-related intramolecular alteration of hepatic proteasomes modifies its cleavage preferences without a general decrease of its activity. Such modifications could have implications on protein homeostasis as well as on MHC class I antigen presentation as part of the immunosenescence process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gohlke
- />Institute of Biochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, CharitéCrossOver, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michele Mishto
- />Institute of Biochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, CharitéCrossOver, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- />Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sul Cancro “Giorgio Prodi”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kathrin Textoris-Taube
- />Institute of Biochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, CharitéCrossOver, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christin Keller
- />Institute of Biochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, CharitéCrossOver, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Giannini
- />Institute of Biochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, CharitéCrossOver, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Vasuri
- />“F. Addarii” Institute of Oncology and Transplant Pathology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Capizzi
- />“F. Addarii” Institute of Oncology and Transplant Pathology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonia D’Errico-Grigioni
- />“F. Addarii” Institute of Oncology and Transplant Pathology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Peter-Michael Kloetzel
- />Institute of Biochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, CharitéCrossOver, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhardt Dahlmann
- />Institute of Biochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, CharitéCrossOver, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Kuzina ES, Chernolovskaya EL, Kudriaeva AA, Zenkova MA, Knorre VD, Surina EA, Ponomarenko NA, Bobik TV, Smirnov IV, Bacheva AV, Belogurov AA, Gabibov AG, Vlasov VV. Immunoproteasome enhances intracellular proteolysis of myelin basic protein. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2014; 453:300-3. [PMID: 24385101 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672913060070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E S Kuzina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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Bellavista E, Santoro A, Galimberti D, Comi C, Luciani F, Mishto M. Current understanding on the role of standard and immunoproteasomes in inflammatory/immunological pathways of multiple sclerosis. Autoimmune Dis 2014; 2014:739705. [PMID: 24523959 DOI: 10.1155/2014/739705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is the major intracellular molecular machinery for protein degradation and maintenance of protein homeostasis in most human cells. As ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a critical role in the regulation of the immune system, it might also influence the development and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). Both ex vivo analyses and animal models suggest that activity and composition of ubiquitin-proteasome system are altered in MS. Proteasome isoforms endowed of immunosubunits may affect the functionality of different cell types such as CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and B cells as well as neurons during MS development. Furthermore, the study of proteasome-related biomarkers, such as proteasome antibodies and circulating proteasomes, may represent a field of interest in MS. Proteasome inhibitors are already used as treatment for cancer and the recent development of inhibitors selective for immunoproteasome subunits may soon represent novel therapeutic approaches to the different forms of MS. In this review we describe the current knowledge on the potential role of proteasomes in MS and discuss the pro et contra of possible therapies for MS targeting proteasome isoforms.
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Abstract
The proteasome is a large, multiple subunit complex that is capable of degrading most intracellular proteins. Polymorphisms in proteasome subunits are associated with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological diseases, and cancer. One polymorphism in the proteasome gene PSMA6 (-8C/G) is associated with three different diseases: type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction, and coronary artery disease. One type of proteasome, the immunoproteasome, which contains inducible catalytic subunits, is adapted to generate peptides for antigen presentation. It has recently been shown that mutations and polymorphisms in the immunoproteasome catalytic subunit PSMB8 are associated with several inflammatory and autoinflammatory diseases including Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome, CANDLE syndrome, and intestinal M. tuberculosis infection. This comprehensive review describes the disease-related polymorphisms in proteasome genes associated with human diseases and the physiological modulation of proteasome function by these polymorphisms. Given the large number of subunits and the central importance of the proteasome in human physiology as well as the fast pace of detection of proteasome polymorphisms associated with human diseases, it is likely that other polymorphisms in proteasome genes associated with diseases will be detected in the near future. While disease-associated polymorphisms are now readily discovered, the challenge will be to use this genetic information for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldrin V. Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Abstract
The regulatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) exerts its effects through two receptors: TNFR1 and TNFR2. Defects in TNFR2 signaling are evident in a variety of autoimmune diseases. One new treatment strategy for autoimmune disease is selective destruction of autoreactive T cells by administration of TNF, TNF inducers, or TNFR2 agonism. A related strategy is to rely on TNFR2 agonism to induce T-regulatory cells (Tregs) that suppress cytotoxic T cells. Targeting TNFR2 as a treatment strategy is likely superior to TNFR1 because of its more limited cellular distribution on T cells, subsets of neurons, and a few other cell types, whereas TNFR1 is expressed throughout the body. This review focuses on TNFR2 expression, structure, and signaling; TNFR2 signaling in autoimmune disease; treatment strategies targeting TNFR2 in autoimmunity; and the potential for TNFR2 to facilitate end organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise L Faustman
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Miriam Davis
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA , USA
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37
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Greer JM. Autoimmune T-cell reactivity to myelin proteolipids and glycolipids in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Int 2013; 2013:151427. [PMID: 24312732 DOI: 10.1155/2013/151427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) myelin, the likely major target of autoimmune attack in multiple sclerosis (MS), contains a number of unique components that are potential targets of the attack. Two classes of molecules that are greatly enriched in CNS myelin compared to other parts of the body are certain types of proteolipids and glycolipids. Due to the hydrophobic nature of both of these classes of molecules, they present challenges for use in immunological assays and have therefore been somewhat neglected in studies of T-cell reactivity in MS compared to more soluble molecules such as the myelin basic proteins and the extracellular domain of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. This review firstly looks at the makeup of CNS myelin, with an emphasis on proteolipids and glycolipids. Next, a retrospective of what is known of T-cell reactivity directed against proteolipids and glycolipids in patients with MS is presented, and the implications of the findings are discussed. Finally, this review considers the question of what would be required to prove a definite role for autoreactivity against proteolipids and glycolipids in the pathogenesis of MS.
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Caldeira MV, Salazar IL, Curcio M, Canzoniero LMT, Duarte CB. Role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in brain ischemia: friend or foe? Prog Neurobiol 2013; 112:50-69. [PMID: 24157661 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a catalytic machinery that targets numerous cellular proteins for degradation, thus being essential to control a wide range of basic cellular processes and cell survival. Degradation of intracellular proteins via the UPS is a tightly regulated process initiated by tagging a target protein with a specific ubiquitin chain. Neurons are particularly vulnerable to any change in protein composition, and therefore the UPS is a key regulator of neuronal physiology. Alterations in UPS activity may induce pathological responses, ultimately leading to neuronal cell death. Brain ischemia triggers a complex series of biochemical and molecular mechanisms, such as an inflammatory response, an exacerbated production of misfolded and oxidized proteins, due to oxidative stress, and the breakdown of cellular integrity mainly mediated by excitotoxic glutamatergic signaling. Brain ischemia also damages protein degradation pathways which, together with the overproduction of damaged proteins and consequent upregulation of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins, contribute to the accumulation of ubiquitin-containing proteinaceous deposits. Despite recent advances, the factors leading to deposition of such aggregates after cerebral ischemic injury remain poorly understood. This review discusses the current knowledge on the role of the UPS in brain function and the molecular mechanisms contributing to UPS dysfunction in brain ischemia with consequent accumulation of ubiquitin-containing proteins. Chemical inhibitors of the proteasome and small molecule inhibitors of deubiquitinating enzymes, which promote the degradation of proteins by the proteasome, were both shown to provide neuroprotection in brain ischemia, and this apparent contradiction is also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida V Caldeira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivan L Salazar
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), Portugal
| | - Michele Curcio
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Abstract
Immunoproteasomes contain replacements for the three catalytic subunits of standard proteasomes. In most cells, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines are stimuli that lead to elevated production of immunoproteasomes. Immune system cells, especially antigen-presenting cells, express a higher basal level of immunoproteasomes. A well-described function of immunoproteasomes is to generate peptides with a hydrophobic C terminus that can be processed to fit in the groove of MHC class I molecules. This display of peptides on the cell surface allows surveillance by CD8 T cells of the adaptive immune system for pathogen-infected cells. Functions of immunoproteasomes, other than generating peptides for antigen presentation, are emerging from studies in immunoproteasome-deficient mice, and are complemented by recently described diseases linked to mutations or single-nucleotide polymorphisms in immunoproteasome subunits. Thus, this growing body of literature suggests a more pleiotropic role in cell function for the immunoproteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Ferrington
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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40
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Park JE, Ao L, Miller Z, Kim K, Wu Y, Jang ER, Lee EY, Kim KB, Lee W. PSMB9 codon 60 polymorphisms have no impact on the activity of the immunoproteasome catalytic subunit B1i expressed in multiple types of solid cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73732. [PMID: 24040045 PMCID: PMC3767749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is a key regulator of cellular protein homeostasis and is a clinically validated anticancer target. The immunoproteasome, a subtype of proteasome expressed mainly in hematopoietic cells, was initially recognized for its role in antigen presentation during the immune response. Recently, the immunoproteasome has been implicated in several disease conditions including cancer and autoimmune disorders, but many of the factors contributing to these pathological processes remain unknown. In particular, the codon 60 polymorphism of the PSMB9 gene encoding the β1i immunoproteasome catalytic subunit has been investigated in the context of a variety of diseases. Despite this, previous studies have so far reported inconsistent findings regarding the impact of this polymorphism on proteasome activity. Thus, we set out to investigate the impact of the PSMB9 codon 60 polymorphism on the expression and activity of the β1i immunoproteasome subunit in a panel of human cancer cell lines. The β1i-selective fluorogenic substrate Acetyl-Pro-Ala-Leu-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin was used to specifically measure β1i catalytic activity. Our results indicate that the codon 60 Arg/His polymorphism does not significantly alter the expression and activity of β1i among the cell lines tested. Additionally, we also examined the expression of β1i in clinical samples from colon and pancreatic cancer patients. Our immunohistochemical analyses showed that ∼70% of clinical colon cancer samples and ∼53% of pancreatic cancer samples have detectable β1i expression. Taken together, our results indicate that the β1i subunit of the immunoproteasome is frequently expressed in colon and pancreatic cancers but that the codon 60 genetic variants of β1i display similar catalytic activities and are unlikely to contribute to the significant inter-cell-line and inter-individual variabilities in the immunoproteasome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Lin Ao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Zachary Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Kyungbo Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Eun Ryoung Jang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Kyung Bo Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Wooin Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nickles D, Chen HP, Li MM, Khankhanian P, Madireddy L, Caillier SJ, Santaniello A, Cree BAC, Pelletier D, Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR, Baranzini SE. Blood RNA profiling in a large cohort of multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:4194-205. [PMID: 23748426 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by the infiltration of autoreactive immune cells into the CNS, which target the myelin sheath, leading to the loss of neuronal function. Although it is accepted that MS is a multifactorial disorder with both genetic and environmental factors influencing its development and course, the molecular pathogenesis of MS has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we studied the longitudinal gene expression profiles of whole-blood RNA from a cohort of 195 MS patients and 66 healthy controls. We analyzed these transcriptomes at both the individual transcript and the biological pathway level. We found 62 transcripts to be significantly up-regulated in MS patients; the expression of 11 of these genes was counter-regulated by interferon treatment, suggesting partial restoration of a 'healthy' gene expression profile. Global pathway analyses linked the proteasome and Wnt signaling to MS disease processes. Since genotypes from a subset of individuals were available, we were able to identify expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), a number of which involved two genes of the MS gene signature. However, all these eQTL were also present in healthy controls. This study highlights the challenge posed by analyzing transcripts from whole blood and how these can be mitigated by using large, well-characterized cohorts of patients with longitudinal follow-up and multi-modality measurements.
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Orre M, Kamphuis W, Dooves S, Kooijman L, Chan ET, Kirk CJ, Dimayuga Smith V, Koot S, Mamber C, Jansen AH, Ovaa H, Hol EM. Reactive glia show increased immunoproteasome activity in Alzheimer's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 136:1415-31. [PMID: 23604491 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The proteasome is the major protein degradation system within the cell, comprised of different proteolytic subunits; amyloid-β is thought to impair its activity in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroinflammation is a prominent hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, which may implicate an activation of the immunoproteasome, a specific proteasome variant induced by immune signalling that holds slightly different proteolytic properties than the constitutive proteasome. Using a novel cell-permeable proteasome activity probe, we found that amyloid-β enhances proteasome activity in glial and neuronal cultures. Additionally, using a subunit-specific proteasome activity assay we showed that in the cortex of the APPswePS1dE9 plaque pathology mouse model, immunoproteasome activities were strongly increased together with increased messenger RNA and protein expression in reactive glia surrounding plaques. Importantly, this elevated activity was confirmed in human post-mortem tissue from donors with Alzheimer's disease. These findings are in contrast with earlier studies, which reported impairment of proteasome activity in human Alzheimer's disease tissue and mouse models. Targeting the increased immunoproteasome activity with a specific inhibitor resulted in a decreased expression of inflammatory markers in ex vivo microglia. This may serve as a potential novel approach to modulate sustained neuroinflammation and glial dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Orre
- Astrocyte Biology and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Qian J, Liu H, Wei S, Liu Z, Li Y, Wang LE, Chen WV, Amos CI, Lee JE, Iles MM, Law MH, Cust AE, Barrett JH, Montgomery GW, Taylor J, Bishop JAN, Macgregor S, Bishop DT, Mann GJ, Hayward NK, Wei Q. Association between putative functional variants in the PSMB9 gene and risk of melanoma--re-analysis of published melanoma genome-wide association studies. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 26:392-401. [PMID: 23360169 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To mine possibly hidden causal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of melanoma, we investigated the association of SNPs in 76 M/G1 transition genes with melanoma risk using our published genome-wide association study (GWAS) data set with 1804 melanoma cases and 1026 cancer-free controls. We found multiple SNPs with P < 0.01 and performed validation studies for 18 putative functional SNPs in PSMB9 in two other GWAS data sets. Two SNPs (rs1351383 and rs2127675) were associated with melanoma risk in the GenoMEL data set (P = 0.013 and 0.004, respectively), but failed in validation using the Australian data set. Genotype-phenotype analysis revealed these two SNPs were significantly correlated with mRNA expression level of PSMB9. Further experiments revealed that SNP rs2071480, which is in high LD with rs1351383 and rs2127675, may have a weak effect on the promoter activity of PSMB9. Taken together, our data suggested that functional variants in PSMB9 may contribute to melanoma susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Qian
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Mishto M, Goede A, Taube KT, Keller C, Janek K, Henklein P, Niewienda A, Kloss A, Gohlke S, Dahlmann B, Enenkel C, Kloetzel PM. Driving forces of proteasome-catalyzed peptide splicing in yeast and humans. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:1008-23. [PMID: 22822185 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome-catalyzed peptide splicing (PCPS) represents an additional activity of mammalian 20S proteasomes recently identified in connection with antigen presentation. We show here that PCPS is not restricted to mammalians but that it is also a feature of yeast 20S proteasomes catalyzed by all three active site β subunits. No major differences in splicing efficiency exist between human 20S standard- and immuno-proteasome or yeast 20S proteasome. Using H(2)(18)O to monitor the splicing reaction we also demonstrate that PCPS occurs via direct transpeptidation that slightly favors the generation of peptides spliced in cis over peptides spliced in trans. Splicing efficiency itself is shown to be controlled by proteasomal cleavage site preference as well as by the sequence characteristics of the spliced peptides. By use of kinetic data and quantitative analyses of PCPS obtained by mass spectrometry we developed a structural model with two PCPS binding sites in the neighborhood of the active Thr1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mishto
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Oudenarder Straβe 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany.
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45
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Pintado C, Gavilán MP, Gavilán E, García-Cuervo L, Gutiérrez A, Vitorica J, Castaño A, Ríos RM, Ruano D. Lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation leads to the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and increases susceptibility to neurodegeneration induced by proteasome inhibition in rat hippocampus. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:87. [PMID: 22559833 PMCID: PMC3462674 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation and protein accumulation are characteristic hallmarks of both normal aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. However, the relationship between these factors in neurodegenerative processes is poorly understood. We have previously shown that proteasome inhibition produced higher neurodegeneration in aged than in young rats, suggesting that other additional age-related events could be involved in neurodegeneration. We evaluated the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation as a potential synergic risk factor for hippocampal neurodegeneration induced by proteasome inhibition. Methods Young male Wistar rats were injected with 1 μL of saline or LPS (5 mg/mL) into the hippocampus to evaluate the effect of LPS-induced neuroinflammation on protein homeostasis. The synergic effect of LPS and proteasome inhibition was analyzed in young rats that first received 1 μL of LPS and 24 h later 1 μL (5 mg/mL) of the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. Animals were sacrificed at different times post-injection and hippocampi isolated and processed for gene expression analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction; protein expression analysis by western blots; proteasome activity by fluorescence spectroscopy; immunofluorescence analysis by confocal microscopy; and degeneration assay by Fluoro-Jade B staining. Results LPS injection produced the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in hippocampal neurons, increased expression of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UB2L6, decreased proteasome activity and increased immunoproteasome content. However, LPS injection was not sufficient to produce neurodegeneration. The combination of neuroinflammation and proteasome inhibition leads to higher neuronal accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, predominant expression of pro-apoptotic markers and increased neurodegeneration, when compared with LPS or lactacystin (LT) injection alone. Conclusions Our results identify neuroinflammation as a risk factor that increases susceptibility to neurodegeneration induced by proteasome inhibition. These results highlight the modulation of neuroinflammation as a mechanism for neuronal protection that could be relevant in situations where both factors are present, such as aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pintado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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Ebstein F, Kloetzel PM, Krüger E, Seifert U. Emerging roles of immunoproteasomes beyond MHC class I antigen processing. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2543-58. [PMID: 22382925 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The proteasome is a multi-catalytic protein complex whose primary function is the degradation of abnormal or foreign proteins. Upon exposure of cells to interferons (IFNs), the β1i/LMP2, β2i/MECL-1, and β5i/LMP7 subunits are induced and incorporated into newly synthesized immunoproteasomes (IP), which are thought to function solely as critical players in the optimization of the CD8(+) T-cell response. However, the observation that IP are present in several non-immune tissues under normal conditions and/or following pathological events militates against the view that its role is limited to MHC class I presentation. In support of this concept, the recent use of genetic models deficient for β1i/LMP2, β2i/MECL-1, or β5i/LMP7 has uncovered unanticipated functions for IP in innate immunity and non-immune processes. Herein, we review recent data in an attempt to clarify the role of IP beyond MHC class I epitope presentation with emphasis on its involvement in the regulation of protein homeostasis, cell proliferation, and cytokine gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Ebstein
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus CVK, Germany
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Jain MR, Li Q, Liu T, Rinaggio J, Ketkar A, Tournier V, Madura K, Elkabes S, Li H. Proteomic identification of immunoproteasome accumulation in formalin-fixed rodent spinal cords with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:1791-803. [PMID: 22188123 DOI: 10.1021/pr201043u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Clinically relevant formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues have not been widely used in neuroproteomic studies because many proteins are presumed to be degraded during tissue preservation. Recent improvements in proteomics technologies, from the 2D gel analysis of intact proteins to the "shotgun" quantification of peptides and the use of isobaric tags for absolute and relative quantification (iTRAQ) method, have made the analysis of FFPE tissues possible. In recent years, iTRAQ has been one of the main methods of choice for high throughput quantitative proteomics analysis, which enables simultaneous comparison of up to eight samples in one experiment. Our objective was to assess the relative merits of iTRAQ analysis of fresh frozen versus FFPE nervous tissues by comparing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-induced proteomic changes in FFPE rat spinal cords and frozen tissues. EAE-induced proteomic changes in FFPE tissues were positively correlated with those found in the frozen tissues, albeit with ∼50% less proteome coverage. Subsequent validation of the enrichment of immunoproteasome (IP) activator 1 in EAE spinal cords led us to evaluate other proteasome and IP-specific proteins. We discovered that many IP-specific (as opposed to constitutive) proteasomal proteins were enriched in EAE rat spinal cords, and EAE-induced IP accumulation also occurred in the spinal cords of an independent mouse EAE model in a disability score-dependent manner. Therefore, we conclude that it is feasible to generate useful information from iTRAQ-based neuroproteomics analysis of archived FFPE tissues for studying neurological disease tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Raja Jain
- Center For Advanced Proteomics Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center , 205 S. Orange Ave., Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
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Eleftheriadis T. The existence of two types of proteasome, the constitutive proteasome and the immunoproteasome, may serve as another layer of protection against autoimmunity. Med Hypotheses 2011; 78:138-41. [PMID: 22070888 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Negative selection of CD8 single positive thymocytes is based on the presentation through the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I pathway of peptides derived from degradation of self-proteins by the constitutive proteasome and the immunoproteasome in the thymus. Then naïve CD8+ T-cells can be primed by mature dendritic cells. In mature dendritic cells peptides presented by MHC class I molecules are derived from degradation of endogenous self-proteins or through the process of cross-presentation from degradation of exogenous proteins by the immunoproteasome. In the absence of infection, peripheral cells display peptides on MHC class I molecules derived from degradation of endogenous self-proteins by the constitutive proteasome. The pool of peptides derived from protein degradation by the constitutive proteasome differs from the pool peptides derived from protein degradation by the immunoproteasome. Thus the probability of an autoreactive naïve CD8+ T-cell that escaped negative selection, and converted by a mature dendritic cell to autoreactive cytolytic T-cell, to kill a normal cell in the periphery, is reduced.
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Mishto M, Ligorio C, Bellavista E, Martucci M, Santoro A, Giulioni M, Marucci G, Franceschi C. Immunoproteasome expression is induced in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 408:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.03.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Tieri P, Grignolio A, Zaikin A, Mishto M, Remondini D, Castellani GC, Franceschi C. Network, degeneracy and bow tie. Integrating paradigms and architectures to grasp the complexity of the immune system. Theor Biol Med Model 2010; 7:32. [PMID: 20701759 PMCID: PMC2927512 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-7-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the network paradigm, an application of graph theory to biology, has proven to be a powerful approach to gaining insights into biological complexity, and has catalyzed the advancement of systems biology. In this perspective and focusing on the immune system, we propose here a more comprehensive view to go beyond the concept of network. We start from the concept of degeneracy, one of the most prominent characteristic of biological complexity, defined as the ability of structurally different elements to perform the same function, and we show that degeneracy is highly intertwined with another recently-proposed organizational principle, i.e. 'bow tie architecture'. The simultaneous consideration of concepts such as degeneracy, bow tie architecture and network results in a powerful new interpretative tool that takes into account the constructive role of noise (stochastic fluctuations) and is able to grasp the major characteristics of biological complexity, i.e. the capacity to turn an apparently chaotic and highly dynamic set of signals into functional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tieri
- Interdept, Center Luigi Galvani for Bioinformatics, Biophysics and Biocomplexity (CIG), University of Bologna, Via F, Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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