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Salgado Kiefer YCDS, Ferreira MB, da Luz JZ, Filipak Neto F, Oliveira Ribeiro CAD. Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid metabolite (AMPA) modulate the phenotype of murine melanoma B16-F1 cells. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 107:104429. [PMID: 38527596 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides are contaminants run-offs from agricultural areas with a global concern due to their toxicity for non-target organisms. The Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency reported about 63% of the food contain pesticide residues. Glyphosate is a herbicide used worldwide but its toxicity is not a consensus among specialists around the world. AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid) is a glyphosate metabolite that can be more toxic than the parental molecule. Melanoma murine B16-F1 cells were exposed to glyphosate and AMPA to investigate the cell profile and possible induction to a more malignant phenotype. Glyphosate modulated the multi-drug resistance mechanisms by ABCB5 gene expression, decreasing cell attachment, increasing cell migration and inducing extracellular vesicles production, and the cells exposed to AMPA revealed potential damages to DNA. The present study observed that AMPA exhibits high cytotoxicity, which suggests a potential impact on non-tumor cells, which are, in general, more susceptible to chemical exposure. Conversely, glyphosate favored a more metastatic and chemoresistant behavior in cancer cells, highlighting the importance of additional research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvanna Carla de Souza Salgado Kiefer
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR CEP 81.531-990, Brazil
| | - Marianna Boia Ferreira
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR CEP 81.531-990, Brazil
| | - Jessica Zablocki da Luz
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR CEP 81.531-990, Brazil
| | - Francisco Filipak Neto
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR CEP 81.531-990, Brazil
| | - Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR CEP 81.531-990, Brazil.
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Dey DK, Gahlot H, Chang SN, Kang SC. CopA3 treatment suppressed multidrug resistivity in HCT-116 cell line by p53-induced degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Life Sci 2023; 329:121933. [PMID: 37451396 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The major reason for multidrug resistance is the failure of chemotherapy in many tumors, including colon cancer. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is a crucial transcription factor that simulates multiple cellular response to hypoxia. HIF-1α has been known to play a vital role towards tumor resistance; however, its mechanism of action is still not fully elucidated. N this study, we found that HIF-1α remarkably modulated drug resistance-associated proteins upon CopA3 peptide treatment against colon cancer cells. Abnormal rates of tumor growth along with high metastatic potential lacks the susceptibility towards cellular signals is a key characteristic in many tumor types. Moreover, in growing tumors, cells are exposed to insufficient nutrient supply and low oxygen availability. These stress force them to switch into adaptable and aggressive phenotypes. Our study investigated the interaction of HIF-1α and MDR gene association upon CopA3 treatment in the tumor microenvironment. We demonstrate that the multidrug resistance gene is associated with tumor resistance to chemotherapeutics, which upon CopA3 treatment promotes p53 activation and proteasomal degradation of HIF-1α, effecting the angiogenesis response to hypoxia. p53 downregulation augments HIF-1-dependent transcriptional activation of VEGF in response to oxygen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Kumar Dey
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Himanshi Gahlot
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkum Ngullie Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Vitiello M, Mercatanti A, Podda MS, Baldanzi C, Prantera A, Sarti S, Rizzo M, Salvetti A, Conte F, Fiscon G, Paci P, Poliseno L. A Network of MicroRNAs and mRNAs Involved in Melanosome Maturation and Trafficking Defines the Lower Response of Pigmentable Melanoma Cells to Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36765859 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to increase their degree of pigmentation is an adaptive response that confers pigmentable melanoma cells higher resistance to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) compared to non-pigmentable melanoma cells. METHODS Here, we compared the miRNome and the transcriptome profile of pigmentable 501Mel and SK-Mel-5 melanoma cells vs. non-pigmentable A375 melanoma cells, following treatment with the BRAFi vemurafenib (vem). In depth bioinformatic analyses (clusterProfiler, WGCNA and SWIMmeR) allowed us to identify the miRNAs, mRNAs and biological processes (BPs) that specifically characterize the response of pigmentable melanoma cells to the drug. Such BPs were studied using appropriate assays in vitro and in vivo (xenograft in zebrafish embryos). RESULTS Upon vem treatment, miR-192-5p, miR-211-5p, miR-374a-5p, miR-486-5p, miR-582-5p, miR-1260a and miR-7977, as well as GPR143, OCA2, RAB27A, RAB32 and TYRP1 mRNAs, are differentially expressed only in pigmentable cells. These miRNAs and mRNAs belong to BPs related to pigmentation, specifically melanosome maturation and trafficking. In fact, an increase in the number of intracellular melanosomes-due to increased maturation and/or trafficking-confers resistance to vem. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the ability of pigmentable cells to increase the number of intracellular melanosomes fully accounts for their higher resistance to vem compared to non-pigmentable cells. In addition, we identified a network of miRNAs and mRNAs that are involved in melanosome maturation and/or trafficking. Finally, we provide the rationale for testing BRAFi in combination with inhibitors of these biological processes, so that pigmentable melanoma cells can be turned into more sensitive non-pigmentable cells.
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Žitek T, Bjelić D, Kotnik P, Golle A, Jurgec S, Potočnik U, Knez Ž, Finšgar M, Krajnc I, Krajnc I, Marevci MK. Natural Hemp-Ginger Extract and Its Biological and Therapeutic Efficacy. Molecules 2022; 27:7694. [PMID: 36431795 PMCID: PMC9697267 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention and treatment of skin diseases remains a major challenge in medicine. The search for natural active ingredients that can be used to prevent the development of the disease and complement treatment is on the rise. Natural extracts of ginger and hemp offer a wide range of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. This study evaluates the effectiveness of hemp and ginger extract as a supportive treatment for skin diseases. It reports a synergistic effect of hemp and ginger extract. The contents of cannabinoids and components of ginger are determined, with the highest being CBD (587.17 ± 8.32 µg/g) and 6-gingerol (60.07 ± 0.40 µg/g). The minimum inhibitory concentration for Staphylococcus aureus (156.5 µg/mL), Escherichia coli (625.2 µg/mL) and Candida albicans (78.3 µg/mL) was also analyzed. Analysis of WM-266-4 cells revealed the greatest decrease in metabolic activity in cells exposed to the extract at a concentration of 1.00 µg/mL. Regarding the expression of genes associated with cellular processes, melanoma aggressiveness, resistance and cell survival, a significant difference was found in the expression of ABCB5, CAV1 and S100A9 compared with the control (cells not exposed to the extract).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taja Žitek
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Dragana Bjelić
- Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry and Industrial Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Petra Kotnik
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ul. 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Golle
- National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Prvomajska ul. 1, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Staša Jurgec
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ul. 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genomics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Potočnik
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ul. 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genomics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ul. 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Željko Knez
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ul. 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry and Industrial Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Krajnc
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ul. 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Igor Krajnc
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Clinical Center Maribor, Ljubljanska ul. 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maša Knez Marevci
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Wada M. Role of ABC Transporters in Cancer Development and Malignant Alteration. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:1201-1225. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Saeed MEM, Boulos JC, Machel K, Andabili N, Marouni T, Roth W, Efferth T. Expression of the Stem Cell Marker ABCB5 in Normal and Tumor Tissues. In Vivo 2022; 36:1651-1666. [PMID: 35738589 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 5 (ABCB5) transporter plays a pivotal role in melanocyte progenitor cell fusion and has been identified as a tumor-initiating cell marker. In this study, we determined ABCB5 expression in normal tissues among various species, i.e., Homo sapiens, Mus musculus (mouse), Rattus norvegicus (rat), Sus scrofa domesticus (pig), Gallus gallus (chicken), Anser anser (goose), Poecilia reticulata (Guppy fish), and Lumbricus terrestris (earthworm), as well as 426 biopsies of different human tumor types (colorectal, cervical, endometrium, vaginal, nasopharyngeal, kidney, breast, colon, prostate, pancreas, lung, gallbladder, bladder, brain, liver, skin, small intestine, testis, tonsil, uterus, thyroid, stomach, esophagus, fallopian, parotid, and ovary). MATERIALS AND METHODS Using immunohistochemical staining, ABCB5 expression was detected and evaluated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. RESULTS High ABCB5 expression was found in normal tissues in specialized cells with secretory and excretory functions, chorionic villi of the placenta, hepatocytes, and blood-tissue barrier sites in the brain and testis. Besides, heterogeneous expression of ABCB5 was also observed in many different tumor types derived from breast, endometrium, ovary, uterus, cervix, prostate, lung, brain, colon, liver, nasopharynx, and others. CONCLUSION The localization of ABCB5 in different normal tissues suggests that this protein has an excretory pumping role for physiological metabolites and xenobiotics. This physiological role highlighted its possible impact on the development of multidrug resistance in tumors. Further studies are required to establish the possible clinical significance of ABCB5 as a predictive marker for drug resistance and as a prognostic marker for patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joelle C Boulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kevin Machel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nasim Andabili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thamail Marouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany;
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Lamas NJ, Martel A, Nahon-Estève S, Goffinet S, Macocco A, Bertolotto C, Lassalle S, Hofman P. Prognostic Biomarkers in Uveal Melanoma: The Status Quo, Recent Advances and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:96. [PMID: 35008260 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although rare, uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common cancer that develops inside adult eyes. The prognosis is poor, since 50% of patients will develop lethal metastases in the first decade, especially to the liver. Once metastases are detected, life expectancy is limited, given that the available treatments are mostly unsuccessful. Thus, there is a need to find methods that can accurately predict UM prognosis and also effective therapeutic strategies to treat this cancer. In this manuscript, we initially compile the current knowledge on epidemiological, clinical, pathological and molecular features of UM. Then, we cover the most relevant prognostic factors currently used for the evaluation and follow-up of UM patients. Afterwards, we highlight emerging molecular markers in UM published over the last three years. Finally, we discuss the problems preventing meaningful advances in the treatment and prognostication of UM patients, as well as forecast new roadblocks and paths of UM-related research. Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common malignant intraocular tumour in the adult population. It is a rare cancer with an incidence of nearly five cases per million inhabitants per year, which develops from the uncontrolled proliferation of melanocytes in the choroid (≈90%), ciliary body (≈6%) or iris (≈4%). Patients initially present either with symptoms like blurred vision or photopsia, or without symptoms, with the tumour being detected in routine eye exams. Over the course of the disease, metastases, which are initially dormant, develop in nearly 50% of patients, preferentially in the liver. Despite decades of intensive research, the only approach proven to mildly control disease spread are early treatments directed to ablate liver metastases, such as surgical excision or chemoembolization. However, most patients have a limited life expectancy once metastases are detected, since there are limited therapeutic approaches for the metastatic disease, including immunotherapy, which unlike in cutaneous melanoma, has been mostly ineffective for UM patients. Therefore, in order to offer the best care possible to these patients, there is an urgent need to find robust models that can accurately predict the prognosis of UM, as well as therapeutic strategies that effectively block and/or limit the spread of the metastatic disease. Here, we initially summarized the current knowledge about UM by compiling the most relevant epidemiological, clinical, pathological and molecular data. Then, we revisited the most important prognostic factors currently used for the evaluation and follow-up of primary UM cases. Afterwards, we addressed emerging prognostic biomarkers in UM, by comprehensively reviewing gene signatures, immunohistochemistry-based markers and proteomic markers resulting from research studies conducted over the past three years. Finally, we discussed the current hurdles in the field and anticipated the future challenges and novel avenues of research in UM.
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Shirkavand A, Mohajerani E, Farivar S, Ataie-Fashtami L, Ghazimoradi MH. Monitoring the Response of Skin Melanoma Cell Line (A375) to Treatment with Vemurafenib: A Pilot In Vitro Optical Spectroscopic Study. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2021; 39:164-177. [PMID: 33595357 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of optical spectroscopy as a nondestructive approach in monitoring the skin melanoma cancer cell response to treatment. Background: Owing to the growing trend of personalized medicine, monitoring the treatment response individually is particularly crucial for optimizing cancer therapy efficiency. In the past decade, optical sensing, using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, has been used to improve the identification of cancerous lesions in various organs. Until now, surveys have mainly focused on the nondestructive application of optical sensing used to diagnose and discriminate normal and abnormal biomedical lesions or samples. Meanwhile, the response to the treatment might be monitored using these nondestructive technologies, thereby enabling further therapeutic modification. Methods: The human skin melanoma cell line (A375) donated from Switzerland (University Hospital Basel) was cultured. Vemurafenib (Zelboraf; Genentech/Roche, South San Francisco, CA) was used for cell treatments. The visible-near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy was conducted at different time intervals (before treatment, and at 1, 2, 7, and 14 days post-treatment for three drug doses 5, 25, and 75 μM) on cell plates using the portable CCD-based fiber optical spectrometer (USB2000; Ocean Optics). After data collection, the refractive index analysis for the fore-mentioned doses and days in one selected wavelength of 620 nm was examined using the previously developed computer program. Then, biological assays were selected as gold standard of cell death, apoptosis, and drug resistance gene expression. Results: There was a considerable decrease in the refractive index of cell samples in which biological assay confirmed cell death. Based on the flow cytometry data, a drug dose of 25 μM on day 7 seemed to induce necrosis. These findings show that spectroscopic findings strongly agree with concurrent biological studies and might lead to their use as an alternative method for monitoring treatment response to achieve more optimized cancer treatment. Conclusions: The findings show that reflectance spectroscopy, as a nondestructive real-time label-free way, is capable of providing quantitative information for treatment response determination that corresponds with biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Shirkavand
- Photonics, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ezeddin Mohajerani
- Photonics, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Farivar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Ataie-Fashtami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghazimoradi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Aramini B, Masciale V, Grisendi G, Banchelli F, D'Amico R, Maiorana A, Morandi U, Dominici M, Haider KH. Cancer stem cells and macrophages: molecular connections and future perspectives against cancer. Oncotarget 2021; 12:230-250. [PMID: 33613850 PMCID: PMC7869576 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been considered the key drivers of cancer initiation and progression due to their unlimited self-renewal capacity and their ability to induce tumor formation. Macrophages, particularly tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), establish a tumor microenvironment to protect and induce CSCs development and dissemination. Many studies in the past decade have been performed to understand the molecular mediators of CSCs and TAMs, and several studies have elucidated the complex crosstalk that occurs between these two cell types. The aim of this review is to define the complex crosstalk between these two cell types and to highlight potential future anti-cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Masciale
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Banchelli
- Center of Statistic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto D'Amico
- Center of Statistic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Uliano Morandi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Rapanotti MC, Viguria TMS, Spallone G, Terrinoni A, Rossi P, Costanza G, Campione E, Lombardo P, Pathirannehalage CD, Orlandi A, Bernardini S, Bianchi L. Minimal Residual Disease in Melanoma:molecular characterization of in transit cutaneous metastases and Circulating Melanoma Cells recognizes an expression panel potentially related to disease progression. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2020; 25:100262. [PMID: 33338742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Isolating circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) represents a powerful method to monitor minimal residual disease. We documented that MCAM/MUC18/CD146 expression is strongly associated with disease progression. ABCB5 is melanoma-stem antigen with self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenicity capabilities. These findings supported us to improve CMC detection, investigating MCAM/MUC18/CD146 and ABCB5 as enrichment targets in MM progression. Moreover, we decided to compare possible molecular diversity of these CMC fractions with metastatic tissue expression, collecting concomitantly cutaneous in transit metastases (CTM). We enriched CMCs from eight melanoma patients staged ≥pT1b AJCC, who developed CTMs at baseline or during follow up. We assessed a gene expression panel comprising ABCB5, the differentiation markers (Tyrosinase, MART1), angiogenic factors (VEGF, bFGF), the cell-cell adhesion molecules (MCAM/MUC18/CD146 5'-portion, Long, and Short isoforms, E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, VE-Cadherin) and matrix-metallo-proteinases (MMP2 and MMP9) via high-sensitive RT-PCR. Preliminary findings defined three distinct sub-populations: "endothelial" CD45-CD146+CMCs, "stem" CD45-ABCB5+CMCs and a "hybrid- stem-endothelial"- CD45-MCAM+ABCB5+CMCs. The expression panel documented that - almost high expression found in CTMs - like in 73.5% of CMCs resulted positive for at least one transcript at baseline, showing gene-expression variability. Longitudinal monitoring documented shut-down of all gene-expressions in "endothelial"- and "hybrid stem-endothelial"-subsets, whilst persistency or acquisition of MCAM/MUC18/CD146, VE-CADH and MMPs was documented in disease-progression status.Conversely, a drastic expression shut-down was documented when patients achieved clinical remission. The "stem"- CMCs fraction" showed quite lower gene expression frequencies. MCAM/MUC18/CD146 and ABCB5 as melanoma-specific-targets are effective in the selection of highly primitive CMCs and highlights those putative genes associated with disease spreading progression.
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Biteghe FAN, Chalomie NET, Mungra N, Vignaux G, Gao N, Vergeade A, Okem A, Naran K, Ndong JC, Barth S. Antibody-Based Immunotherapy: Alternative Approaches for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E327. [PMID: 32899183 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the least common form of skin cancer and is associated with the highest mortality. Where melanoma is mostly unresponsive to conventional therapies (e.g., chemotherapy), BRAF inhibitor treatment has shown improved therapeutic outcomes. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) relies on a light-activated compound to produce death-inducing amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Their capacity to selectively accumulate in tumor cells has been confirmed in melanoma treatment with some encouraging results. However, this treatment approach has not reached clinical fruition for melanoma due to major limitations associated with the development of resistance and subsequent side effects. These adverse effects might be bypassed by immunotherapy in the form of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) relying on the ability of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to target specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and to be used as carriers to specifically deliver cytotoxic warheads into corresponding tumor cells. Of late, the continued refinement of ADC therapeutic efficacy has given rise to photoimmunotherapy (PIT) (a light-sensitive compound conjugated to mAbs), which by virtue of requiring light activation only exerts its toxic effect on light-irradiated cells. As such, this review aims to highlight the potential clinical benefits of various armed antibody-based immunotherapies, including PDT, as alternative approaches for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
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Biteghe FAN, Padayachee E, Davids LM, Chalomie NET, Ndong JC, Barth S. Desensitization of metastatic melanoma cells to therapeutic treatment through repeated exposure to dacarbazine. J Photochem Photobiol B 2020; 211:111982. [PMID: 32866820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant anti-cancer drug efflux mediated by membrane protein ABC transporters (ABCB5 and ABCG2) is thought to characterize melanoma heterogeneous chemoresistant populations, presumed to have unlimited proliferative and self-renewal abilities. Therefore, this study primarily aimed to investigate whether continuous exposure of melanoma cells to dacarbazine (DTIC) chemotherapeutic drug enriches cultures with therapy resistant cells. Thereafter, we sought to determine whether combining the genotoxic activity of DTIC with the oxidative insults of hypericin activated photodynamic therapy (HYP-PDT) could synergized to kill heterogenous chemoresistant melanoma populations. This study revealed that DTIC resistant (UCT Mel-1DTICR2) melanoma cells were less sensitive to all therapies than parental melanoma cells (UCT Mel-1), yet combination therapy was the most efficient. At the exception of DTIC treatment, both HYP-PDT and the combination therapy were effective in significantly reducing the Hoechst non-effluxing dye melanoma main populations (MP) compared to their side population (SP) counterparts. Likewise, HYP-PDT and combination therapy significantly reduced self-renewal capacity, increased expression of ABCB5 and ABCG2 transporters and differentially induced cell cycle arrest and cell death (apoptosis or necrosis) depending on the melanoma MP cell type. Collectively, combination therapy could synergistically reduce melanoma proliferative and clonogenic potential. However, further research is needed to decipher the cellular mechanisms underlying this resistance which would enable combination therapy to reach therapeutic fruition.
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Bogusławska-Duch J, Ducher M, Małecki M. Resistance of melanoma cells to anticancer treatment: a role of vascular endothelial growth factor. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:11-8. [PMID: 32467677 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.93378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and resistant to treatment neoplasms. There are still many challenges despite many promising advances in anticancer treatment. Currently, the main problem for all types of treatment is associated with heterogeneity. Due to heterogeneity of cancer cells, "precise" targeting of a medicine against a single phenotype limits the efficacy of treatment and affects resistance to applied therapy. Therefore it is important to understand aetiology and reasons for heterogeneity in order to develop effective and long-lasting treatment. This review summarises roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that may stimulate growth of a melanoma tumour irrespective of its proangiogenic effects, contributing to cancer heterogeneity. VEGF triggers processes associated with extracellular matrix remodelling, cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, inhibition of immune responses and favours phenotypic plasticity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Consequently, it participates in mechanisms of interactions between melanoma cancer cells and microenvironment and it can modify sensitivity to therapeutic factors.
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14
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Sun HR, Wang S, Yan SC, Zhang Y, Nelson PJ, Jia HL, Qin LX, Dong QZ. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Cancer Stem Cells and Their Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1104. [PMID: 31709180 PMCID: PMC6821685 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been demonstrated in a variety of tumors and are thought to act as a clonogenic core for the genesis of new tumor growth. This small subpopulation of cancer cells has been proposed to help drive tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence and conventional therapy resistance. CSCs show self-renewal and flexible clonogenic properties and help define specific tumor microenvironments (TME). The interaction between CSCs and TME is thought to function as a dynamic support system that fosters the generation and maintenance of CSCs. Investigation of the interaction between CSCs and the TME is shedding light on the biologic mechanisms underlying the process of tumor malignancy, metastasis, and therapy resistance. We summarize recent advances in CSC biology and their environment, and discuss the challenges and future strategies for targeting this biology as a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Can Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter J Nelson
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Hu-Liang Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong-Zhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Oliveira S, Costa J, Faria I, Guerreiro SG, Fernandes R. Vitamin A Enhances Macrophages Activity Against B16-F10 Malignant Melanocytes: A New Player for Cancer Immunotherapy? Medicina (Kaunas) 2019; 55:E604. [PMID: 31540438 PMCID: PMC6780654 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55090604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The incidence of cutaneous melanoma has been increasing. Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer irresponsive to radiation and chemotherapy, rendering this cancer a disease with poor prognosis: In order to surpass some of the limitations addressed to melanoma treatment, alternatives like vitamins have been investigated. In the present study, we address this relationship and investigate the possible role of vitamin A. Materials and Methods: We perform a co-culture assay using a macrophage cell model and RAW 264.7 from mouse, and also a murine melanoma cell line B16-F10. Macrophages were stimulated with both Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as control, and also with LPS plus vitamin A. Results: Using B16-F10 and RAW 264.7 cell lines, we were able to demonstrate that low concentrations of vitamin A increase cytotoxic activity of macrophages, whereas higher concentrations have the opposite effect. Conclusion: These findings can constitute a new point of view related to immunostimulation by nutrients, which may be considered one major preventive strategy by enhancing the natural defense system of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Oliveira
- School of Health, Porto Polytechnic (ESS, P. Porto), 4200 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José Costa
- School of Health, Porto Polytechnic (ESS, P. Porto), 4200 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Faria
- School of Health, Porto Polytechnic (ESS, P. Porto), 4200 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Susana G Guerreiro
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto University, 4200 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), 4200 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Porto (FCNAUP), 4200 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- School of Health, Porto Polytechnic (ESS, P. Porto), 4200 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto University, 4200 Porto, Portugal.
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16
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Basu R, Kulkarni P, Qian Y, Walsh C, Arora P, Davis E, Duran-Ortiz S, Funk K, Ibarra D, Kruse C, Mathes S, McHugh T, Brittain A, Berryman DE, List EO, Okada S, Kopchick JJ. Growth Hormone Upregulates Melanocyte-Inducing Transcription Factor Expression and Activity via JAK2-STAT5 and SRC Signaling in GH Receptor-Positive Human Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1352. [PMID: 31547367 PMCID: PMC6769493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) facilitates therapy resistance in the cancers of breast, colon, endometrium, and melanoma. The GH-stimulated pathways responsible for this resistance were identified as suppression of apoptosis, induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and upregulated drug efflux by increased expression of ATP-binding cassette containing multidrug efflux pumps (ABC-transporters). In extremely drug-resistant melanoma, ABC-transporters have also been reported to mediate drug sequestration in intracellular melanosomes, thereby reducing drug efficacy. Melanocyte-inducing transcription factor (MITF) is the master regulator of melanocyte and melanoma cell fate as well as the melanosomal machinery. MITF targets such as the oncogene MET, as well as MITF-mediated processes such as resistance to radiation therapy, are both known to be upregulated by GH. Therefore, we chose to query the direct effects of GH on MITF expression and activity towards conferring chemoresistance in melanoma. Here, we demonstrate that GH significantly upregulates MITF as well as the MITF target genes following treatment with multiple anticancer drug treatments such as chemotherapy, BRAF-inhibitors, as well as tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. GH action also upregulated MITF-regulated processes such as melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity. Significant elevation in MITF and MITF target gene expression was also observed in mouse B16F10 melanoma cells and xenografts in bovine GH transgenic (bGH) mice compared to wild-type littermates. Through pathway inhibitor analysis we identified that both the JAK2-STAT5 and SRC activities were critical for the observed effects. Additionally, a retrospective analysis of gene expression data from GTEx, NCI60, CCLE, and TCGA databases corroborated our observed correlation of MITF function and GH action. Therefore, we present in vitro, in vivo, and in silico evidence which strongly implicates the GH-GHR axis in inducing chemoresistance in human melanoma by driving MITF-regulated and ABC-transporter-mediated drug clearance pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Prateek Kulkarni
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology (MCB) Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Yanrong Qian
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Christopher Walsh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Pranay Arora
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Emily Davis
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Silvana Duran-Ortiz
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology (MCB) Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Kevin Funk
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology (MCB) Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Diego Ibarra
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Colin Kruse
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology (MCB) Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Samuel Mathes
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Todd McHugh
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Alison Brittain
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology (MCB) Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Shigeru Okada
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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17
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Briz O, Perez-Silva L, Al-Abdulla R, Abete L, Reviejo M, Romero MR, Marin JJG. What "The Cancer Genome Atlas" database tells us about the role of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins in chemoresistance to anticancer drugs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:577-593. [PMID: 31185182 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1631285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Chemotherapy remains the only option for advanced cancer patients when other alternatives are not feasible. Nevertheless, the success rate of this type of therapy is often low due to intrinsic or acquired mechanisms of chemoresistance. Among them, drug extrusion from cancer cells through ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins plays an important role. ABC pumps are primary active transporters involved in the barrier and secretory functions of many healthy cells. Areas covered: In this review, we have used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to explore the relationship between the expression of the major ABC proteins involved in cancer chemoresistance in the most common types of cancer, and the drugs used in the treatment of these tumors that are substrates of these pumps. Expert opinion: From unicellular organisms to humans, several ABC proteins play a major role in detoxification processes. Cancer cells exploit this ability to protect themselves from cytostatic drugs. Among the ABC pumps, MDR1, MRPs and BCRP are able to export many antitumor drugs and are expressed in several types of cancer, and further up-regulated during treatment. This event results in the enhanced ability of tumor cells to reduce intracellular drug concentrations and hence the pharmacological effect of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Briz
- a Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) , University of Salamanca, IBSAL , Salamanca , Spain.,b Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd) , Carlos III National Institute of Health , Madrid , Spain
| | - Laura Perez-Silva
- a Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) , University of Salamanca, IBSAL , Salamanca , Spain
| | - Ruba Al-Abdulla
- a Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) , University of Salamanca, IBSAL , Salamanca , Spain
| | - Lorena Abete
- c Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Reviejo
- a Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) , University of Salamanca, IBSAL , Salamanca , Spain
| | - Marta R Romero
- a Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) , University of Salamanca, IBSAL , Salamanca , Spain.,b Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd) , Carlos III National Institute of Health , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jose J G Marin
- a Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) , University of Salamanca, IBSAL , Salamanca , Spain.,b Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd) , Carlos III National Institute of Health , Madrid , Spain
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18
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Karwaciak I, Sałkowska A, Karaś K, Sobalska-Kwapis M, Walczak-Drzewiecka A, Pułaski Ł, Strapagiel D, Dastych J, Ratajewski M. SIRT2 Contributes to the Resistance of Melanoma Cells to the Multikinase Inhibitor Dasatinib. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E673. [PMID: 31091806 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer and can only be cured if detected early. Unfortunately, later stages of the disease do not guarantee success due to the rapid rate of melanoma cell metastasis and their high resistance to applied therapies. The search for new molecular targets and targeted therapy may represent the future in the development of effective methods for combating this cancer. SIRT2 is a promising target; thus, we downregulated SIRT2 expression in melanoma cells in vertical growth and metastatic phases and demonstrated that sirtuin acts as regulator of the basic functions of melanoma cells. A detailed transcriptomic analysis showed that SIRT2 regulates the expression of multiple genes encoding the tyrosine kinase pathways that are molecular targets of dasatinib. Indeed, cells with low SIRT2 expression were more susceptible to dasatinib, as demonstrated by multiple techniques, e.g., neutral red uptake, 3/7 caspase activity, colony formation assay, and in vitro scratch assay. Furthermore, these cells showed an altered phosphorylation profile for proteins playing roles in the response to dasatinib. Thus, our research indicates new, previously unknown SIRT2 functions in the regulation of gene expression, which is of key clinical significance.
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19
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Jones RM, Melton PE, Pinese M, Rea AJ, Ingley E, Ballinger ML, Wood DJ, Thomas DM, Moses EK. Identification of novel sarcoma risk genes using a two-stage genome wide DNA sequencing strategy in cancer cluster families and population case and control cohorts. BMC Med Genet 2019; 20:69. [PMID: 31053105 PMCID: PMC6499942 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Although familial clustering of cancers is relatively common, only a small proportion of familial cancer risk can be explained by known cancer predisposition genes. Methods In this study we employed a two-stage approach to identify candidate sarcoma risk genes. First, we conducted whole exome sequencing in three multigenerational cancer families ascertained through a sarcoma proband (n = 19) in order to prioritize candidate genes for validation in an independent case-control cohort of sarcoma patients using family-based association and segregation analysis. The second stage employed a burden analysis of rare variants within prioritized candidate genes identified from stage one in 560 sarcoma cases and 1144 healthy ageing controls, for which whole genome sequence was available. Results Variants from eight genes were identified in stage one. Following gene-based burden testing and after correction for multiple testing, two of these genes, ABCB5 and C16orf96, were determined to show statistically significant association with cancer. The ABCB5 gene was found to have a higher burden of putative regulatory variants (OR = 4.9, p-value = 0.007, q-value = 0.04) based on allele counts in sarcoma cases compared to controls. C16orf96, was found to have a significantly lower burden (OR = 0.58, p-value = 0.0004, q-value = 0.003) of regulatory variants in controls compared to sarcoma cases. Conclusions Based on these genetic association data we propose that ABCB5 and C16orf96 are novel candidate risk genes for sarcoma. Although neither of these two genes have been previously associated with sarcoma, ABCB5 has been shown to share clinical drug resistance associations with melanoma and leukaemia and C16orf96 shares regulatory elements with genes that are involved with TNF-alpha mediated apoptosis in a p53/TP53-dependent manner. Future genetic studies in other family and population cohorts will be required for further validation of these novel findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-019-0808-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Jones
- The Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, M409 The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia.,Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Phillip E Melton
- The Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, M409 The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia
| | - Mark Pinese
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander J Rea
- The Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, M409 The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia
| | - Evan Ingley
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia.,The Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Mandy L Ballinger
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | | | - David J Wood
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - David M Thomas
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Eric K Moses
- The Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, M409 The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia. .,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
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20
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Klicks J, Maßlo C, Kluth A, Rudolf R, Hafner M. A novel spheroid-based co-culture model mimics loss of keratinocyte differentiation, melanoma cell invasion, and drug-induced selection of ABCB5-expressing cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:402. [PMID: 31035967 PMCID: PMC6489189 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Different 3D-cell culture approaches with varying degrees of complexity have been developed to serve as melanoma models for drug testing or mechanistic studies. While these 3D-culture initiatives are already often superior to classical 2D approaches, they are either composed of only melanoma cells or they are so complex that the behavior of individual cell types is hard to understand, and often they are difficult to establish and expensive. Methods This study used low-attachment based generation of spheroids composed of up to three cell types. Characterization of cells and spheroids involved cryosectioning, immunofluorescence, FACS, and quantitative analyses. Statistical evaluation used one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey test or Student’s t-test. Results The tri-culture model allowed to track cellular behavior in a cell-type specific manner and recapitulated different characteristics of early melanoma stages. Cells arranged into a collagen-IV rich fibroblast core, a ring of keratinocytes, and groups of highly proliferating melanoma cells on the outside. Regularly, some melanoma cells were also found to invade the fibroblast core. In the absence of melanoma cells, the keratinocyte ring stratified into central basal-like and peripheral, more differentiated cells. Conversely, keratinocyte differentiation was clearly reduced upon addition of melanoma cells. Treatment with the cytostatic drug, docetaxel, restored keratinocyte differentiation and induced apoptosis of external melanoma cells. Remaining intact external melanoma cells showed a significantly increased amount of ABCB5-immunoreactivity. Conclusions In the present work, a novel, simple spheroid-based melanoma tri-culture model composed of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and melanoma cells was described. This model mimicked features observed in early melanoma stages, including loss of keratinocyte differentiation, melanoma cell invasion, and drug-induced increase of ABCB5 expression in external melanoma cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5606-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Klicks
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Straße 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Medical Technology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences and Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Maßlo
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kluth
- TICEBA GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Straße 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany. .,Institute of Medical Technology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences and Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Straße 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Medical Technology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences and Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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21
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Sana G, Madigan JP, Gartner JJ, Fourrez M, Lin J, Qutob N, Narayan J, Shukla S, Ambudkar SV, Xia D, Rosenberg SA, Gottesman MM, Samuels Y, Gillet JP. Exome Sequencing of ABCB5 Identifies Recurrent Melanoma Mutations that Result in Increased Proliferative and Invasive Capacities. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1985-1992.e10. [PMID: 30905807 PMCID: PMC6708748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
ABCB5 is an ABC transporter that was shown to confer low-level multidrug resistance in cancer. In this study, we show that ABCB5 was mutated in 13.75% of the 640 melanoma samples analyzed. Besides nonsense mutations, two mutation hotspots were found in the ABCB5 protein, in the drug-binding pocket and the nucleotide-binding domains. Four mutations, which are representative of the mutation pattern, were selected. ATPase assays showed that these mutations resulted in a decrease in basal ATP hydrolysis by ABCB5. To select informative melanoma cell lines, mutational profiles of the clinical samples were further analyzed. This study showed mutations in the tumor suppressor CDKN2A gene and the NRAS oncogene in 62.5% and 75%, respectively of the samples that had mutations in the ABCB5 gene. No mutation was found in the tumor suppressor PTEN gene, whereas the activating V600E mutation in the BRAF oncogene was found in 25% of the samples with a mutated ABCB5 gene. Studies in four melanoma cell lines with various genetic backgrounds showed an increase in the proliferation and migration capacity of mutant ABCB5-expressing cells, suggesting that ABCB5 plays a role in the development of melanoma as a tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Sana
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, Molecular Physiology Research Unit (URPHYM), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - James P Madigan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jared J Gartner
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marie Fourrez
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, Molecular Physiology Research Unit (URPHYM), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Lin
- Washington University School of Medicine, Genome Technology Access Center, Genomics and Pathology Services, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nouar Qutob
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jitendra Narayan
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology (LEGE), Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Suneet Shukla
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Di Xia
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Yardena Samuels
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jean-Pierre Gillet
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, Molecular Physiology Research Unit (URPHYM), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
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22
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Prunk Zdravković T, Zdravković B, Zdravković M, Dariš B, Lunder M, Ferk P. In-vitro study of the influence of octocrylene on a selected metastatic melanoma cell line. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2019; 154:197-204. [DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.17.05616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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23
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Zhao T, Wei T, Guo J, Wang Y, Shi X, Guo S, Jia X, Jia H, Feng Z. PD-1-siRNA delivered by attenuated Salmonella enhances the antimelanoma effect of pimozide. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:164. [PMID: 30778049 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers worldwide. Although there has been much effort toward improving treatment options over the past few years, there remains an urgent need for effective therapy. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has shown great promise in clinical trials. Here, we studied the cooperative effects of the small molecule drug pimozide, which has a therapeutic effect in melanoma, and RNA interference (RNAi) targeting PD-1, an important immune checkpoint molecule involved in tumor immune escape. PD-1 siRNA was delivered by attenuated Salmonella to melanoma-bearing mice in combination with pimozide. Our results demonstrated that the combination therapy had the optimal therapeutic effect on melanoma. The mechanisms underlying the efficacy involved the induction of apoptosis and an enhanced immune response. This study suggests that immunotherapy based on PD-1 inhibition combined with anticancer drugs could be a promising clinical strategy for the treatment of melanoma.
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24
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Prunk Zdravković T, Zdravković B, Lunder M, Ferk P. The effect of micro-sized titanium dioxide on WM-266-4 metastatic melanoma cell line. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2019; 19:60-66. [PMID: 30383985 PMCID: PMC6387668 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2018.3674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used as an inorganic UV-filter in cosmetic products; however, it has been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. While numerous studies demonstrated cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of nano-sized TiO2 in different cell lines, including human skin cells, studies investigating the effects of micro-TiO2 on human keratinocytes and melanocytes, in healthy and cancer cells, are scarce. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette subfamily B member 5 (ABCB5) is a plasma membrane protein known for its role in the tumorigenicity, progression, and recurrence of melanoma. Here, we investigated the effect of micro-TiO2 (average particle size ≤5 µm) on the metabolic activity, cytotoxicity and ABCB5 mRNA expression in metastatic melanoma cells. Metastatic melanoma cell line WM-266-4 was treated with different concentrations of micro-TiO2 for different incubation times to obtain dose- and time-dependent responses. Untreated WM-266-4 cells, cultured under the same conditions, were used as control. The cell metabolic activity was determined by MTT assay. Cytotoxicity of micro-TiO2 was analyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay. The ABCB5 mRNA expression in melanoma cells was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). After 120 hours of exposure to micro-TiO2 the metabolic activity of melanoma cells decreased, especially at the two highest micro-TiO2 concentrations. Comparably, the cytotoxicity of micro-TiO2 on melanoma cells increased after 48 and 120 hours of exposure, in a time-dependent manner. The ABCB5 mRNA expression in micro-TiO2-treated melanoma cells also decreased significantly after 24 and 48 hours, in a time-dependent manner. Overall, our results suggest inhibitory effects of micro-TiO2 on the metabolic activity and ABCB5 mRNA expression in metastatic melanoma cells, indicating its potential use as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Prunk Zdravković
- Dermatovenerology Department, Celje General and Teaching Hospital, Celje, Slovenia Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
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25
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Padayachee ER, Adeola HA, Van Wyk JC, Nsole Biteghe FA, Chetty S, Khumalo NP, Barth S. Applications of SNAP-tag technology in skin cancer therapy. Health Sci Rep 2019; 2:e103. [PMID: 30809593 PMCID: PMC6375544 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer treatment in the 21st century has seen immense advances in optical imaging and immunotherapy. Significant progress has been made in the bioengineering and production of immunoconjugates to achieve the goal of specifically targeting tumors. DISCUSSION In the 21st century, antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have been the focus of immunotherapeutic strategies in cancer. ADCs combine the unique targeting of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with the cancer killing ability of cytotoxic drugs. However, due to random conjugation methods of drug to antibody, ADCs are associated with poor antigen specificity and low cytotoxicity, resulting in a drug to antibody ratio (DAR) >1. This means that the cytotoxic drugs in ADCs are conjugated randomly to antibodies, by cysteine or lysine residues. This generates heterogeneous ADC populations with 0 to 8 drugs per an antibody, each with distinct pharmacokinetic, efficacy, and toxicity properties. Additionally, heterogeneity is created not only by different antibody to ligand ratios but also by different sites of conjugation. Hence, much effort has been made to find and establish antibody conjugation strategies that enable us to better control stoichiometry and site-specificity. This includes utilizing protein self-labeling tags as fusion partners to the original protein. Site-specific conjugation is a significant characteristic of these engineered proteins. SNAP-tag is one such engineered self-labeling protein tag shown to have promising potential in cancer treatment. The SNAP-tag is fused to an antibody of choice and covalently reacts specifically in a 1:1 ratio with benzylguanine (BG) substrates, eg, fluorophores or photosensitizers, to target skin cancer. This makes SNAP-tag a versatile technique in optical imaging and photoimmunotherapy of skin cancer. CONCLUSION SNAP-tag technology has the potential to contribute greatly to a broad range of molecular oncological applications because it combines efficacious tumor targeting, minimized local and systemic toxicity, and noninvasive assessment of diagnostic/prognostic molecular biomarkers of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Rebecca Padayachee
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Henry Ademola Adeola
- The Hair and Skin Research Lab, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape Town and Groote Schuur HospitalCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Jennifer Catherine Van Wyk
- The Hair and Skin Research Lab, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape Town and Groote Schuur HospitalCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Fleury Augustine Nsole Biteghe
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Shivan Chetty
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla Patience Khumalo
- The Hair and Skin Research Lab, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape Town and Groote Schuur HospitalCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Stefan Barth
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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26
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Aya-Bonilla C, Gray ES, Manikandan J, Freeman JB, Zaenker P, Reid AL, Khattak MA, Frank MH, Millward M, Ziman M. Immunomagnetic-Enriched Subpopulations of Melanoma Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) Exhibit Distinct Transcriptome Profiles. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020157. [PMID: 30769764 PMCID: PMC6406574 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are phenotypically and molecularly heterogeneous. We profiled the gene expression of CTC subpopulations immunomagnetic-captured by targeting either the melanoma-associated marker, MCSP, or the melanoma-initiating marker, ABCB5. Firstly, the expression of a subset of melanoma genes was investigated by RT-PCR in MCSP-enriched and ABCB5-enriched CTCs isolated from a total of 59 blood draws from 39 melanoma cases. Of these, 6 MCSP- and 6 ABCB5-enriched CTC fractions were further analysed using a genome-wide gene expression microarray. The transcriptional programs of both CTC subtypes included cell survival maintenance, cell proliferation, and migration pathways. ABCB5-enriched CTCs were specifically characterised by up-regulation of genes involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), suggesting an invasive phenotype. These findings underscore the presence of at least two distinct melanoma CTC subpopulations with distinct transcriptional programs, which may have distinct roles in disease progression and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Aya-Bonilla
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Elin S Gray
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia.
| | | | - James B Freeman
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Pauline Zaenker
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Anna L Reid
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Muhammad A Khattak
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Markus H Frank
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia.
- Transplantation Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Michael Millward
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Mel Ziman
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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27
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Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 50% of metastatic melanoma patients have a specific mutation in the serine/threonine kinase BRAF. This results in constitutive activation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-MAP kinase pathway, which causes uncontrolled cell growth. Vemurafenib (PLX4032) is an oral chemotherapeutic agent that targets the specific mutation V600E in the BRAF protein. Initial response rates are high in patients with BRAF mutant melanoma treated with a BRAF inhibitor such as vemurafenib, but resistance nearly always develops and disease progression ensues. There are several different mechanisms by which melanoma develops BRAF inhibitor resistance. One potential component of resistance is increased drug efflux. Overexpressed ABCB5 (ATP-binding cassette transporter, subfamily B, member 5) has been shown to efflux anti-cancer drugs from cancer cells. The purpose of this study is to determine whether ABCB5 is highly expressed in BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma cells and to evaluate whether ABCB5 is involved in the development of resistance to BRAF inhibitors in cutaneous melanoma. METHODS We established three BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma cell lines with BRAF mutation. The expression level of ABCB5 in PLX-resistant cell lines was checked by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. SK-MEL-2 melanoma cells with wild-type BRAF were used for comparison. The association of different levels of ABCB5 with the changes of ERK, p-ERK, Akt and p-Akt was also assessed by Western blotting. Re-sensitization of melanoma cells to PLX was tested by p-ERK inhibitor PD58059 and ABCB5 knockdown by ABCB5 siRNA, respectively. RESULTS We showed that ABCB5 was overexpressed in SK-MEL-28PLXr and A2058PLXr cells but not in A375PLXr cells. ABCB5 overexpression is associated with activation of p-ERK status but not Akt. Inhibition of p-ERK re-sensitized SK-MEL-28PLXr and A2058PLXr cells to PLX treatment, but knockdown of ABCB5 did not re-sensitize A2058 PLXr and SK-MEL-28 PLXr cells to PLX treatment. CONCLUSION These results confirm that, even though ABCB5 was overexpressed in SK-MEL-28 and A2058 melanoma cells that develop resistance to BRAF inhibitors, ABCB5 may not be a major targetable contributor to BRAF resistance. p-ERK inhibition may play important roles in BRAF resistance in these two melanoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xiao
- The Hiram C. Polk, Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
| | - Michael E. Egger
- The Hiram C. Polk, Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
| | - Kelly M. McMasters
- The Hiram C. Polk, Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
| | - Hongying Hao
- The Hiram C. Polk, Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
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28
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Guo Q, Grimmig T, Gonzalez G, Giobbie-Hurder A, Berg G, Carr N, Wilson BJ, Banerjee P, Ma J, Gold JS, Nandi B, Huang Q, Waaga-Gasser AM, Lian CG, Murphy GF, Frank MH, Gasser M, Frank NY. ATP-binding cassette member B5 (ABCB5) promotes tumor cell invasiveness in human colorectal cancer. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11166-11178. [PMID: 29789423 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ABC member B5 (ABCB5) mediates multidrug resistance (MDR) in diverse malignancies and confers clinically relevant 5-fluorouracil resistance to CD133-expressing cancer stem cells in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Because of its recently identified roles in normal stem cell maintenance, we hypothesized that ABCB5 might also serve MDR-independent functions in CRC. Here, in a prospective clinical study of 142 CRC patients, we found that ABCB5 mRNA transcripts previously reported not to be significantly expressed in healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells are significantly enriched in patient peripheral blood specimens compared with non-CRC controls and correlate with CRC disease progression. In human-to-mouse CRC tumor xenotransplantation models that exhibited circulating tumor mRNA, we observed that cancer-specific ABCB5 knockdown significantly reduced detection of these transcripts, suggesting that the knockdown inhibited tumor invasiveness. Mechanistically, this effect was associated with inhibition of expression and downstream signaling of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL), a proinvasive molecule herein shown to be produced by ABCB5-positive CRC cells. Importantly, rescue of AXL expression in ABCB5-knockdown CRC tumor cells restored tumor-specific transcript detection in the peripheral blood of xenograft recipients, indicating that ABCB5 regulates CRC invasiveness, at least in part, by enhancing AXL signaling. Our results implicate ABCB5 as a critical determinant of CRC invasiveness and suggest that ABCB5 blockade might represent a strategy in CRC therapy, even independently of ABCB5's function as an MDR mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Guo
- From the Departments of Medicine.,the Division of Genetics.,the Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Tanja Grimmig
- the Department of Surgery, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- the Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
| | - Gretchen Berg
- From the Departments of Medicine.,the Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | | | - Brian J Wilson
- the Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.,Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Pallavi Banerjee
- From the Departments of Medicine.,the Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jie Ma
- the Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | | | | | - Qin Huang
- Pathology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts 02132
| | | | | | - George F Murphy
- the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.,Department of Pathology, and
| | - Markus H Frank
- the Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.,Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Martin Gasser
- the Department of Surgery, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Natasha Y Frank
- From the Departments of Medicine, .,the Division of Genetics.,the Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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29
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Shidal C, Inaba JI, Yaddanapudi K, Davis KR. The soy-derived peptide Lunasin inhibits invasive potential of melanoma initiating cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:25525-41. [PMID: 28424421 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lunasin is a 44 amino acid peptide with multiple functional domains including an aspartic acid tail, an RGD domain, and a chromatin-binding helical domain. We recently showed that Lunasin induced a phenotype switch of cancer initiating cells (CIC) out of the stem compartment by inducing melanocyte-associated differentiation markers while simultaneously reducing stem-cell-associated transcription factors. In the present study, we advance the hypothesis that Lunasin can reduce pools of melanoma cells with stem cell-like properties, and demonstrate that Lunasin treatment effectively inhibits the invasive potential of CICs in vitro as well as in vivo in a mouse experimental metastasis model. Mice receiving Lunasin treatment had significantly reduced pulmonary colonization after injection of highly metastatic B16-F10 melanoma cells compared to mice in the control group. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that Lunasin reduced activating phosphorylations of the intracellular kinases FAK and AKT as well as reduced histone acetylation of lysine residues in H3 and H4 histones. Using peptides with mutated activity domains, we functionally demonstrated that the RGD domain is necessary for Lunasin uptake and its ability to inhibit oncosphere formation by CICs, thus confirming that Lunasin's ability to affect CICs is at least in part due to the suppression of integrin signaling. Our studies suggest that Lunasin represents a unique anticancer agent that could be developed to help prevent metastasis and patient relapse by reducing the activity of CICs which are known to be resistant to current chemotherapies.
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30
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Zhang X, Cheng X, Lai Y, Zhou Y, Cao W, Hua ZC. Salmonella VNP20009-mediated RNA interference of ABCB5 moderated chemoresistance of melanoma stem cell and suppressed tumor growth more potently. Oncotarget 2017; 7:14940-50. [PMID: 26910836 PMCID: PMC4924763 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance remains an obstacle hindering the success of chemotherapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been recently found to confer resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore functional markers of CSCs should be discovered and specific therapies targeting these cells should be developed. In our investigation, a small population of B16F10 cells which was positive for ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 5 (ABCB5) was isolated. This population displayed characteristics similar to those of CSCs and ABCB5 was identified to confer tumor growth and drug resistance in B16F10 cell line. Although targeting ABCB5 by small short interfering RNA delivered by VNP20009 failed to inhibit tumor growth, the combined treatment of VNP-shABCB5 and chemotherapy can act synergistically to delay tumor growth and enhance survival time in a primary B16F10 mice model. Results suggest that the combined treatment of VNP-shABCB5 and chemotherapy can improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, this combination therapy is of potential significance for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiawei Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueyang Lai
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqiang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenmin Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu , China
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31
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Melanoma: Genetic Abnormalities, Tumor Progression, Clonal Evolution and Tumor Initiating Cells. Med Sci (Basel) 2017; 5:E28. [PMID: 29156643 PMCID: PMC5753657 DOI: 10.3390/medsci5040028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive neoplasia issued from the malignant transformation of melanocytes, the pigment-generating cells of the skin. It is responsible for about 75% of deaths due to skin cancers. Melanoma is a phenotypically and molecularly heterogeneous disease: cutaneous, uveal, acral, and mucosal melanomas have different clinical courses, are associated with different mutational profiles, and possess distinct risk factors. The discovery of the molecular abnormalities underlying melanomas has led to the promising improvement of therapy, and further progress is expected in the near future. The study of melanoma precursor lesions has led to the suggestion that the pathway of tumor evolution implies the progression from benign naevi, to dysplastic naevi, to melanoma in situ and then to invasive and metastatic melanoma. The gene alterations characterizing melanomas tend to accumulate in these precursor lesions in a sequential order. Studies carried out in recent years have, in part, elucidated the great tumorigenic potential of melanoma tumor cells. These findings have led to speculation that the cancer stem cell model cannot be applied to melanoma because, in this malignancy, tumor cells possess an intrinsic plasticity, conferring the capacity to initiate and maintain the neoplastic process to phenotypically different tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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32
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Borchers S, Maβlo C, Müller CA, Tahedl A, Volkind J, Nowak Y, Umansky V, Esterlechner J, Frank MH, Ganss C, Kluth MA, Utikal J. Detection of ABCB5 tumour antigen-specific CD8 + T cells in melanoma patients and implications for immunotherapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 191:74-83. [PMID: 28940439 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 5 (ABCB5) has been identified as a tumour-initiating cell marker and is expressed in various malignancies, including melanoma. Moreover, treatment with anti-ABCB5 monoclonal antibodies has been shown to inhibit tumour growth in xenotransplantation models. Therefore, ABCB5 represents a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. However, cellular immune responses against ABCB5 in humans have not been described so far. Here, we investigated whether ABCB5-reactive T cells are present in human melanoma patients and tested the applicability of ABCB5-derived peptides for experimental induction of human T cell responses. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) isolated from blood samples of melanoma patients (n = 40) were stimulated with ABCB5 peptides, followed by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) for interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. To evaluate immunogenicity of ABCB5 peptides in naive healthy donors, CD8 T cells were co-cultured with ABCB5 antigen-loaded autologous dendritic cells (DC). ABCB5 reactivity in expanded T cells was assessed similarly by ICS. ABCB5-reactive CD8+ T cells were detected ex vivo in 19 of 29 patients, melanoma antigen recognised by T cells (MART-1)-reactive CD8+ T cells in six of 21 patients. In this small, heterogeneous cohort, reactivity against ABCB5 was significantly higher than against MART-1. It occurred significantly more often and independently of clinical characteristics. Reactivity against ABCB5 could be induced in 14 of 16 healthy donors in vitro by repeated stimulation with peptide-loaded autologous DC. As ABCB5-reactive CD8 T cells can be found in the peripheral blood of melanoma patients and an ABCB5-specific response can be induced in vitro in naive donors, ABCB5 could be a new target for immunotherapies in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Borchers
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Maβlo
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - A Tahedl
- TICEBA GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Y Nowak
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - V Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - M H Frank
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C Ganss
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany.,TICEBA GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M A Kluth
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany.,TICEBA GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Sakil HAM, Stantic M, Wolfsberger J, Brage SE, Hansson J, Wilhelm MT. ΔNp73 regulates the expression of the multidrug-resistance genes ABCB1 and ABCB5 in breast cancer and melanoma cells - a short report. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 40:631-8. [PMID: 28677036 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major cause of treatment failure. In cancer cells, MDR is often caused by an increased efflux of therapeutic drugs mediated by an up-regulation of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters. It has previously been shown that oncogenic ΔNp73 plays an important role in chemo-resistance. Here we aimed at unraveling the role of ΔNp73 in regulating multidrug resistance in breast cancer and melanoma cells. METHODS KEGG pathway analysis was used to identify pathways enriched in breast cancer samples with a high ΔNp73 expression. We found that the ABC transporter pathway was most enriched. The expression of selected ABC transporters was analyzed using qRT-PCR upon siRNA/shRNA-mediated knockdown or exogenous overexpression of ΔNp73 in the breast cancer-derived cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, as well as in primary melanoma samples and in the melanoma-derived cell line SK-MEL-28. The ability to efflux doxorubicin and the concomitant effects on cell proliferation were assessed using flow cytometry and WST-1 assays. RESULTS We found that high ΔNp73 levels correlate with a general up-regulation of ABC transporters in breast cancer samples. In addition, we found that exogenous expression of ΔNp73 led to an increase in the expression of ABCB1 and ABCB5 in the breast cancer-derived cell lines tested, while knocking down of ΔNp73 resulted in a reduction in ABCB1 and ABCB5 expression. In addition, we found that ΔNp73 reduction leads to an intracellular retention of doxorubicin in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells and a concomitant decrease in cell proliferation. The effect of ΔNp73 on ABCB5 expression was further confirmed in metastases from melanoma patients and in the melanoma-derived cell line SK-MEL-28. CONCLUSIONS Our data support a role for ΔNp73 in the multidrug-resistance of breast cancer and melanoma cells.
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Aya-Bonilla CA, Marsavela G, Freeman JB, Lomma C, Frank MH, Khattak MA, Meniawy TM, Millward M, Warkiani ME, Gray ES, Ziman M. Isolation and detection of circulating tumour cells from metastatic melanoma patients using a slanted spiral microfluidic device. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67355-67368. [PMID: 28978038 PMCID: PMC5620178 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) are promising cancer biomarkers. Several methods have been developed to isolate CTCs from blood samples. However, the isolation of melanoma CTCs is very challenging as a result of their extraordinary heterogeneity, which has hindered their biological and clinical study. Thus, methods that isolate CTCs based on their physical properties, rather than surface marker expression, such as microfluidic devices, are greatly needed in melanoma. Here, we assessed the ability of the slanted spiral microfluidic device to isolate melanoma CTCs via label-free enrichment. We demonstrated that this device yields recovery rates of spiked melanoma cells of over 80% and 55%, after one or two rounds of enrichment, respectively. Concurrently, a two to three log reduction of white blood cells was achieved with one or two rounds of enrichment, respectively. We characterised the isolated CTCs using multimarker flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry and gene expression. The results demonstrated that CTCs from metastatic melanoma patients were highly heterogeneous and commonly expressed stem-like markers such as PAX3 and ABCB5. The implementation of the slanted microfluidic device for melanoma CTC isolation enables further understanding of the biology of melanoma metastasis for biomarker development and to inform future treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Aya-Bonilla
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gabriela Marsavela
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James B Freeman
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chris Lomma
- Department of Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Markus H Frank
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Transplantation Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Muhammad A Khattak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tarek M Meniawy
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Millward
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Majid E Warkiani
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Australian Center for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elin S Gray
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mel Ziman
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Abstract
Melanoma has a high propensity to metastasize to the brain, and patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBM) have an extremely poor prognosis. The recent approval of several molecularly-targeted agents (e.g., BRAF, MEK inhibitors) and biologics (anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies) has brought new hope to patients suffering from this formerly untreatable and lethal disease. Importantly, there have been recent reports of success in some clinical studies examining the efficacy of both targeted agents and immunotherapies that show similar response rates in both brain metastases and extracranial disease. While these studies are encouraging, there remains significant room for improvement in the treatment of MBM, given the lack of durable response and the development of resistance to current therapies. Critical questions remain regarding mechanisms that lead to this lack of durable response and development of resistance, and how those mechanisms may differ in systemic sites versus brain metastases. One issue that may not be fully appreciated is that the delivery of several small molecule molecularly-targeted therapies to the brain is often restricted due to active efflux at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) interface. Inadequate local drug concentrations may be partially responsible for the development of unique patterns of resistance at metastatic sites in the brain. It is clear that there can be local, heterogeneous BBB breakdown in MBM, as exemplified by contrast-enhancement on T1-weighted MR imaging. However, it is possible that the successful treatment of MBM with small molecule targeted therapies will depend, in part, on the ability of these therapies to penetrate an intact BBB and reach the protected micro-metastases (so called "sub-clinical" disease) that escape early detection by contrast-enhanced MRI, as well as regions of tumor within MRI-detectable metastases that may have a less compromised BBB. The emergence of resistance in MBM may be related to several diverse, yet interrelated, factors including the distinct microenvironment of the brain and inadequate brain penetration of targeted therapies to specific regions of tumor. The tumor microenvironment has been ascribed to play a key role in steering the course of disease progression, by dictating changes in expression of tumor drivers and resistance-related signaling mechanisms. Therefore, a key issue to consider is how changes in drug delivery, and hence local drug concentrations within a metastatic microenvironment, will influence the development of resistance. Herein we discuss our perspective on several critical questions that focus on many aspects relevant to the treatment of melanoma brain metastases; the answers to which may lead to important advances in the treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautham Gampa
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shruthi Vaidhyanathan
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - William F Elmquist
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Basu R, Baumgaertel N, Wu S, Kopchick JJ. Growth Hormone Receptor Knockdown Sensitizes Human Melanoma Cells to Chemotherapy by Attenuating Expression of ABC Drug Efflux Pumps. Discov Oncol 2017; 8:143-56. [PMID: 28293855 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-017-0292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma remains one of the most therapy-resistant forms of human cancer despite recent introductions of highly efficacious targeted therapies. The intrinsic therapy resistance of human melanoma is largely due to abundant expression of a repertoire of xenobiotic efflux pumps of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family. Here, we report that GH action is a key mediator of chemotherapeutic resistance in human melanoma cells. We investigated multiple ABC efflux pumps (ABCB1, ABCB5, ABCB8, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCG1, and ABCG2) reportedly associated with melanoma drug resistance in different human melanoma cells and tested the efficacy of five different anti-cancer compounds (cisplatin, doxorubicin, oridonin, paclitaxel, vemurafenib) with decreased GH action. We found that GH treatment of human melanoma cells upregulates expression of multiple ABC transporters and increases the EC50 of melanoma drug vemurafenib. Also, vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells had upregulated levels of GH receptor (GHR) expression as well as ABC efflux pumps. GHR knockdown (KD) using siRNA in human melanoma cells treated with sub-EC50 doses of anti-tumor compounds resulted in significantly increased drug retention, decreased cell proliferation and increased drug efficacy, compared to mock-transfected controls. Our set of findings identify an unknown mechanism of GH regulation in mediating melanoma drug resistance and validates GHR as a unique therapeutic target for sensitizing highly therapy-resistant human melanoma cells to lower doses of anti-cancer drugs.
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Konstantakou EG, Velentzas AD, Anagnostopoulos AK, Litou ZI, Konstandi OA, Giannopoulou AF, Anastasiadou E, Voutsinas GE, Tsangaris GT, Stravopodis DJ. Deep-proteome mapping of WM-266-4 human metastatic melanoma cells: From oncogenic addiction to druggable targets. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171512. [PMID: 28158294 PMCID: PMC5291375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a malignant tumor of skin melanocytes that are pigment-producing cells located in the basal layer (stratum basale) of epidermis. Accumulation of genetic mutations within their oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes compels melanocytes to aberrant proliferation and spread to distant organs of the body, thereby resulting in severe and/or lethal malignancy. Metastatic melanoma's heavy mutational load, molecular heterogeneity and resistance to therapy necessitate the development of novel biomarkers and drug-based protocols that target key proteins involved in perpetuation of the disease. To this direction, we have herein employed a nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) proteomics technology to profile the deep-proteome landscape of WM-266-4 human metastatic melanoma cells. Our advanced melanoma-specific catalogue proved to contain 6,681 unique proteins, which likely constitute the hitherto largest single cell-line-derived proteomic collection of the disease. Through engagement of UNIPROT, DAVID, KEGG, PANTHER, INTACT, CYTOSCAPE, dbEMT and GAD bioinformatics resources, WM-266-4 melanoma proteins were categorized according to their sub-cellular compartmentalization, function and tumorigenicity, and successfully reassembled in molecular networks and interactomes. The obtained data dictate the presence of plastically inter-converted sub-populations of non-cancer and cancer stem cells, and also indicate the oncoproteomic resemblance of melanoma to glioma and lung cancer. Intriguingly, WM-266-4 cells seem to be subjected to both epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) programs, with 1433G and ADT3 proteins being identified in the EMT/MET molecular interface. Oncogenic addiction of WM-266-4 cells to autocrine/paracrine signaling of IL17-, DLL3-, FGF(2/13)- and OSTP-dependent sub-routines suggests their critical contribution to the metastatic melanoma chemotherapeutic refractoriness. Interestingly, the 1433G family member that is shared between the BRAF- and EMT/MET-specific interactomes likely emerges as a novel and promising druggable target for the malignancy. Derailed proliferation and metastatic capacity of WM-266-4 cells could also derive from their metabolic addiction to pathways associated with glutamate/ammonia, propanoate and sulfur homeostasis, whose successful targeting may prove beneficial for advanced melanoma-affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eumorphia G. Konstantakou
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios D. Velentzas
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios K. Anagnostopoulos
- Proteomics Core Facility, Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi I. Litou
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania A. Konstandi
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini F. Giannopoulou
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ema Anastasiadou
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerassimos E. Voutsinas
- Laboratory of Environmental Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
| | - George Th. Tsangaris
- Proteomics Core Facility, Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios J. Stravopodis
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Madorsky Rowdo FP, Barón A, von Euw EM, Mordoh J. In vitro long-term treatment with MAPK inhibitors induces melanoma cells with resistance plasticity to inhibitors while retaining sensitivity to CD8 T cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1367-1378. [PMID: 28098866 PMCID: PMC5364845 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of BRAF V600 and MEK inhibitors constitutes a breakthrough in the treatment of patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma. However, although there is an increase in overall survival, these patients generally confront recurrence, and several resistance mechanisms have already been described. In the present study we describe a different resistance mechanism. After several weeks of long‑term in vitro treatment of two different V600E BRAF‑mutated melanoma cell lines with MARK inhibitors, PLX4032 and/or GDC-0973, the majority of the cells died whereas some remained viable and quiescent (SUR). Markedly, discontinuing treatment of SUR cells with MAPK inhibitors allowed the population to regrow and these cells retained drug sensitivity equal to that of the parental cells. SUR cells had increased expression levels of CD271 and ABCB5 and presented senescence-associated characteristics. Notably, SUR cells were efficiently lysed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognizing MART-1 and gp100 melanoma differentiation antigens. We propose quiescent plasticity as a mechanism of resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors while retaining sensitivity to immune effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonela Barón
- Leloir Institute, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erika María von Euw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - José Mordoh
- Leloir Institute, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Le Coz V, Zhu C, Devocelle A, Vazquez A, Boucheix C, Azzi S, Gallerne C, Eid P, Lecourt S, Giron-Michel J. IGF-1 contributes to the expansion of melanoma-initiating cells through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Oncotarget 2016; 7:82511-82527. [PMID: 27764776 PMCID: PMC5347710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a particularly virulent human cancer, due to its resistance to conventional treatments and high frequency of metastasis. Melanomas contain a fraction of cells, the melanoma-initiating cells (MICs), responsible for tumor propagation and relapse. Identification of the molecular pathways supporting MICs is, therefore, vital for the development of targeted treatments. One factor produced by melanoma cells and their microenvironment, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF- 1), is linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness features in several cancers.We evaluated the effect of IGF-1 on the phenotype and chemoresistance of B16-F10 cells. IGF-1 inhibition in these cells prevented malignant cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and lung colony formation in immunodeficient mice. IGF-1 downregulation also markedly inhibited EMT, with low levels of ZEB1 and mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, CD44, CD29, CD105) associated with high levels of E-cadherin and MITF, the major regulator of melanocyte differentiation. IGF-1 inhibition greatly reduced stemness features, including the expression of key stem markers (SOX2, Oct-3/4, CD24 and CD133), and the functional characteristics of MICs (melanosphere formation, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, side population). These features were associated with a high degree of sensitivity to mitoxantrone treatment.In this study, we deciphered new connections between IGF-1 and stemness features and identified IGF-1 as instrumental for maintaining the MIC phenotype. The IGF1/IGF1-R nexus could be targeted for the development of more efficient anti-melanoma treatments. Blocking the IGF-1 pathway would improve the immune response, decrease the metastatic potential of tumor cells and sensitize melanoma cells to conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Le Coz
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Chaobin Zhu
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Aurore Devocelle
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Aimé Vazquez
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Claude Boucheix
- INSERM UMRS 1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Sandy Azzi
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Cindy Gallerne
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Pierre Eid
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Séverine Lecourt
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Julien Giron-Michel
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
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40
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Gampa G, Vaidhyanathan S, Resman BW, Parrish KE, Markovic SN, Sarkaria JN, Elmquist WF. Challenges in the delivery of therapies to melanoma brain metastases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:309-325. [PMID: 28546917 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-016-0072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced melanoma. Recent approval of several molecularly-targeted agents and biologics has brought hope to patients with this previously untreatable disease. However, patients with symptomatic melanoma brain metastases have often been excluded from pivotal clinical trials. This may be in part attributed to the fact that several of the approved small molecule molecularly-targeted agents are substrates for active efflux at the blood-brain barrier, limiting their effective delivery to brain metastases. We believe that successful treatment of melanoma brain metastases will depend on the ability of these agents to traverse the blood-brain barrier and reach micrometastases that are often not clinically detectable. Moreover, overcoming the emergence of a unique pattern of resistance, possibly through adequate delivery of combination targeted therapies in brain metastases will be important in achieving a durable response. These concepts, and the current challenges in the delivery of new treatments to melanoma brain metastases, are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautham Gampa
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shruthi Vaidhyanathan
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brynna-Wilken Resman
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Karen E Parrish
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - William F Elmquist
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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41
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Biteghe FN, Davids LM. A combination of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy displays a differential cytotoxic effect on human metastatic melanoma cells. J Photochem Photobiol B 2016; 166:18-27. [PMID: 27852006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanoma represents the most lethal form of skin cancer and remains refractory to current therapies. Failure of treatment has been attributed to the over-expression of ABC transporters which efflux the drugs, below their cytotoxic threshold within cells. Therefore, this study set to investigate; the efficacy of a combinatorial approach comprising chemotherapy (Dacarbazine) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) to overcome resistance in pigmented and unpigmented metastatic melanoma and potentially identify resistant mechanisms. METHODS The cytotoxic effect of the chemotherapy, PDT and combination therapy treatment (Dacarbazine+PDT) was determined using a cell viability XTT assay. Thereafter, melanoma cells morphology, self-renewal capacity and ABCG2 protein expression, were determined using fluorescence microscopy, clonogenic assay, western blot and flow cytometry. All results were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA, followed by individual comparisons with post-tests. RESULTS This study describes possible synergism of PDT+DTIC in reducing melanoma cell viability in vitro. At 24h post-treatment, only the unpigmented melanomas were sensitive to DTIC treatment (20-25% death at 1.25mM). At 48h, a lethal dose of 50% was reached in these cells in contrast to the pigmented melanoma (20% at 48h). The same trend was observed with the combination therapy (DTIC+PDT) at both time points. Furthermore, complete morphological disruption could be observed upon PDT only and PDT+DTIC treatments. Moreover, PDT and DTIC+PDT suppressed the self-renewal capacity of both melanoma cell lines. No significant differences in ABCG2 protein expression was found at 24h post-treatment. CONCLUSION Overall, these results suggest that human melanomas remain heterogeneous in their phenotypes. Moreover, in our metastatic melanoma cells, ABCG2 transporters did not seem to be involved in resistance to therapies. Significantly though, a combinatorial approach of PDT and chemotherapy significantly decreases the self-renewal capacity of metastatic melanoma cells and could be a suggested adjunctive approach to post-resection treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Nsole Biteghe
- Redox Laboratory, Level 6, Anatomy Building, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCT Medical School, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L M Davids
- Redox Laboratory, Level 6, Anatomy Building, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCT Medical School, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
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42
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Oliveira S, Coelho P, Prudêncio C, Vieira M, Soares R, Guerreiro SG, Fernandes R. Melanoma and obesity: Should antioxidant vitamins be addressed? Life Sci 2016; 165:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
The link between inflammation, immunity and cancer is well established. In the last decade, there has been considerable excitement over cancer stem cells, believed to be a subset of tumour cells responsible for their initiation, propagation and resistance to conventional chemoradiotherapy. In this review, we discuss the characterization of cancer stem cells and describe their modulation by inflammation with a focus on melanoma.
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Gambichler T, Petig AL, Stockfleth E, Stücker M. Expression of SOX10, ABCB5 and CD271 in melanocytic lesions and correlation with survival data of patients with melanoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 41:709-16. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Gambichler
- Skin Cancer Center of the Department of Dermatology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - A.-L. Petig
- Skin Cancer Center of the Department of Dermatology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - E. Stockfleth
- Skin Cancer Center of the Department of Dermatology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | - M. Stücker
- Skin Cancer Center of the Department of Dermatology; Ruhr-University Bochum; Bochum Germany
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45
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Samarkandy SJ, Aldahan AS, Mlacker S, Shah VV, Hsu VM, Molla A, Nouri K. Cells to Surgery Quiz: April 2016. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:e41. [PMID: 27462669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gandolfi G, Dallaglio K, Longo C, Moscarella E, Lallas A, Alfano R, Argenziano G, Ciarrocchi A. Contemporary and potential future molecular diagnosis of melanoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:975-85. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2016.1206473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - K. Dallaglio
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - C. Longo
- Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - E. Moscarella
- Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - A. Lallas
- Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - R. Alfano
- Surgery and Emergency Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - G. Argenziano
- Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - A. Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Abstract
The cancer stem cell concept significantly broadens our understanding of melanoma biology. However, this concept should be regarded as an integral part of a holistic cancer model that also includes the genetic evolution of tumor cells and the variability of cell phenotypes within a dynamic tumor microenvironment. The biologic complexity and methodological difficulties in identifying cancer stem cells and their biomarkers are currently impeding the direct translation of experimental findings into clinical practice. Nevertheless, it is these methodological shortcomings that provide a new perspective on the phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity of melanoma with important consequences for future therapies. The development of new combination treatment strategies, particularly with regard to overcoming treatment resistance, could significantly benefit from targeted elimination of cell subpopulations with cancer stem cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Roesch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
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48
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Kleffel S, Lee N, Lezcano C, Wilson BJ, Sobolewski K, Saab KR, Mueller H, Zhan Q, Posch C, Elco CP, DoRosario A, Garcia SS, Thakuria M, Wang YE, Wang LC, Murphy GF, Frank MH, Schatton T. ABCB5-Targeted Chemoresistance Reversal Inhibits Merkel Cell Carcinoma Growth. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:838-846. [PMID: 26827764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer with profound but poorly understood resistance to chemotherapy, which poses a significant barrier to clinical MCC treatment. Here we show that ATP-binding cassette member B5 (ABCB5) confers resistance to standard-of-care MCC chemotherapeutic agents and provide proof-of-principle that ABCB5 blockade can inhibit human MCC tumor growth through sensitization to drug-induced cell cytotoxicity. ABCB5 expression was detected in both established MCC lines and clinical MCC specimens at levels significantly higher than those in normal skin. Carboplatin- and etoposide-resistant MCC cell lines exhibited increased expression of ABCB5, along with enhanced ABCB1 and ABCC3 transcript expression. ABCB5-expressing MCC cells in heterogeneous cancers preferentially survived treatment with carboplatin and etoposide in vitro and in human MCC xenograft-bearing mice in vivo. Moreover, patients with MCC also exhibited enhanced ABCB5 positivity after carboplatin- and etoposide-based chemotherapy, pointing to clinical significance of this chemoresistance mechanism. Importantly, ABCB5 blockade reversed MCC drug resistance and impaired tumor growth in xenotransplantation models in vivo. Our results establish ABCB5 as a chemoresistance mechanism in MCC and suggest utility of this molecular target for improved MCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kleffel
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nayoung Lee
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cecilia Lezcano
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian J Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristine Sobolewski
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karim R Saab
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hansgeorg Mueller
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qian Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Posch
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher P Elco
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew DoRosario
- Dana Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah S Garcia
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Dana Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manisha Thakuria
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Dana Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yaoyu E Wang
- Center for Cancer Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linda C Wang
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Dana Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George F Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Markus H Frank
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
| | - Tobias Schatton
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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49
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Venza I, Visalli M, Beninati C, Benfatto S, Teti D, Venza M. IL-10Rα expression is post-transcriptionally regulated by miR-15a, miR-185, and miR-211 in melanoma. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8:81. [PMID: 26631117 PMCID: PMC4668633 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-015-0156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IL-10 is an immunoregulatory cytokine that increases during malignant diseases. The purpose of this study was to: i) determine the mRNA amounts of IL-10, IL-10Rα, and IL-10Rβ in cutaneous and uveal melanoma cells and specimens; ii) evaluate their post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs; iii) ascertain whether miRNA dysregulation may affect IL-10-induced proliferation. Methods Genome-wide miRNA expression profiling was performed using a human microarray platform. The reference gene mRNA was measured through qPCR. miRNAs/mRNAs interactions were predicted by TargetScan, microRNA, and PITA. Transfections of specific miRNA mimics/inhibitors were carried out. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay in the presence of IL-10 after transfection with miRNA mimics/inhibitors. Results There were no differences in IL-10 mRNA levels between any of the 3 melanoma cell lines tested and normal melanocytes. However, lower IL-10Rα expression was found in G361 and OCM-1 cells, and higher levels of IL-10Rβ were observed in G361 cells compared with normal melanocytes. GR-M cells did not exhibit any modifications in IL-10Rα and IL-10Rβ expression. miR-15a, miR-185, miR-211, and miR-30d were upregulated in G361 and OCM-1 cells, remaining at similar levels in GR-M cells. miR-409-3p and miR-605were down-regulated exclusively in G361 cells. Prediction tools revealed that miR-15a, miR-185, and miR-211 targeted IL-10Rα whereas none of the miRNAs exclusively downregulated in G361 cells targeted IL-10Rβ. Luciferase reporter and western blot assays showed that IL-10Rα expression is directly regulated by miR-15a, miR-185, and miR-211, either alone or in combination. An inverse expression pattern between IL-10Rα, on one side, and miR-15a, miR-185, and miR-211 on the other one was also shown in melanoma samples. Ectopic expression of individual miR-15a, miR-185, and miR-211, and even more their co-expression, caused a marked decrease in the proliferation rate of all the cell lines. Likewise, inhibition of any specific miRNA promoted cell growth, an effect that further increased when inhibition concerned all three miRNA. Moreover, specific knockdown of IL-10Rα prevented the proliferative effect of miRNA inhibitors. Conclusions Our results support a key role of IL-10Rα in the development and progression of melanoma and suggest that the IL-10/IL-10 receptor system may become a new therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Venza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, viaConsolare Valeria, 1, Messina, 98125, Italy.
| | - Maria Visalli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, viaConsolare Valeria, 1, Messina, 98125, Italy.
| | - Concetta Beninati
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Azienda PoliclinicoUniversitario G. Martino, via Consolare Valeria, 1, Messina, 98125, Italy. .,Scylla Biotech Srl, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Benfatto
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Azienda PoliclinicoUniversitario G. Martino, via Consolare Valeria, 1, Messina, 98125, Italy.
| | - Diana Teti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, viaConsolare Valeria, 1, Messina, 98125, Italy.
| | - Mario Venza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, viaConsolare Valeria, 1, Messina, 98125, Italy.
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50
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Abstract
Melanoma originated from melanocytes is the most aggressive type of skin cancer with limited treatment options. New targeted therapeutic options with the discovery of BRAF and MEK inhibitors have shown significant survival benefits. Despite the recent progress, development of chemoresistance and systemic toxicity remains a challenge for treating metastatic melanoma. While the response from the first line of treatment against melanoma using dacarbazine remains only 5-10%, the prolonged use of targeted therapy against mutated oncogene BRAF develops chemoresistance. In this review, we will discuss the nanoparticle-based strategies for encapsulation and conjugation of drugs to the polymer for maximizing their tumor distribution through enhanced permeability and retention effect. We will also highlight photodynamic therapy and design of melanoma-targeted nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Mundra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA
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