1
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Martínez-Espinoza I, Bungwon AD, Guerrero-Plata A. Human Metapneumovirus-Induced Host microRNA Expression Impairs the Interferon Response in Macrophages and Epithelial Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:2272. [PMID: 38005948 PMCID: PMC10675405 DOI: 10.3390/v15112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a nonsegmented, single-stranded negative RNA virus and a member of the Pneumoviridae family. During HMPV infection, macrophages play a critical role in defending the respiratory epithelium by secreting large amounts of type I interferon (IFN). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs that play an essential role in regulating gene expression during normal cellular homeostasis and disease by binding to specific mRNAs, thereby regulating at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels with a direct impact on the immune response and other cellular processes. However, the role of miRNAs in macrophages and respiratory viral infections remains largely unknown. Here, we characterized the susceptibility of THP-1-derived macrophages to HMPV infection and the effect of hsa-miR-4634 on these cells. Transfection of an miRNA mimic and inhibitor demonstrated that hsa-miR-4634 regulates the IFN response in HMPV-infected macrophages, suggesting that HMPV induces the expression of the miRNA as a subversion mechanism of the antiviral response. This effect was not limited to macrophages, as a similar effect was also observed in epithelial cells. Overall, our results demonstrate that hsa-miR-4634 is an important factor in regulating the IFN response in macrophages and epithelial cells during HMPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonieta Guerrero-Plata
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (I.M.-E.); (A.D.B.)
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2
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Michaely LM, Schuwerk L, Allnoch L, Schön K, Waltl I, Larsen P, Pavlou A, Prajeeth CK, Rimmelzwaan GF, Becker SC, Kalinke U, Baumgärtner W, Gerhauser I. Intact Type I Interferon Receptor Signaling Prevents Hepatocellular Necrosis but Not Encephalitis in a Dose-Dependent Manner in Rift Valley Fever Virus Infected Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12492. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic and emerging disease, caused by the RVF virus (RVFV). In ruminants, it leads to “abortion storms” and enhanced mortality rates in young animals, whereas in humans it can cause symptoms like severe hemorrhagic fever or encephalitis. The role of the innate and adaptive immune response in disease initiation and progression is still poorly defined. The present study used the attenuated RVFV strain clone 13 to investigate viral spread, tissue tropism, and histopathological lesions after intranasal infection in C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and type I interferon (IFN-I) receptor I knockout (IFNAR−/−) mice. In WT mice, 104 PFU RVFV (high dose) resulted in a fatal encephalitis, but no hepatitis 7–11 days post infection (dpi), whereas 103 PFU RVFV (low dose) did not cause clinical disease or significant histopathological lesions in liver and the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast, IFNAR−/− mice infected with 103 PFU RVFV developed hepatocellular necrosis resulting in death at 2–5 dpi and lacked encephalitis. These results show that IFNAR signaling prevents systemic spread of the attenuated RVFV strain clone 13, but not the dissemination to the CNS and subsequent fatal disease. Consequently, neurotropic viruses may be able to evade antiviral IFN-I signaling pathways by using the transneuronal instead of the hematogenous route.
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3
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Pujantell M, Altfeld M. Consequences of sex differences in Type I IFN responses for the regulation of antiviral immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:986840. [PMID: 36189206 PMCID: PMC9522975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.986840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system protects us from pathogens, such as viruses. Antiviral immune mechanisms aim to limit viral replication, and must maintain immunological homeostasis to avoid excessive inflammation and damage to the host. Sex differences in the manifestation and progression of immune-mediated disease point to sex-specific factors modulating antiviral immunity. The exact mechanisms regulating these immunological differences between females and males are still insufficiently understood. Females are known to display stronger Type I IFN responses and are less susceptible to viral infections compared to males, indicating that Type I IFN responses might contribute to the sexual dimorphisms observed in antiviral responses. Here, we review the impact of sex hormones and X chromosome-encoded genes on differences in Type I IFN responses between females and males; and discuss the consequences of sex differences in Type I IFN responses for the regulation of antiviral immune responses.
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4
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Tibbs E, Cao X. Emerging Canonical and Non-Canonical Roles of Granzyme B in Health and Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1436. [PMID: 35326588 PMCID: PMC8946077 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Granzyme (Gzm) family has classically been recognized as a cytotoxic tool utilized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells to illicit cell death to infected and cancerous cells. Their importance is established based on evidence showing that deficiencies in these cell death executors result in defective immune responses. Recent findings have shown the importance of Granzyme B (GzmB) in regulatory immune cells, which may contribute to tumor growth and immune evasion during cancer development. Other studies have shown that members of the Gzm family are important for biological processes such as extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis and organized vascular degradation. With this growing body of evidence, it is becoming more important to understand the broader function of Gzm's rather than a specific executor of cell death, and we should be aware of the many alternative roles that Gzm's play in physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, we review the classical as well as novel non-canonical functions of GzmB and discuss approaches to utilize these new findings to address current gaps in our understanding of the immune system and tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Tibbs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Xuefang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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5
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Gozman L, Perry K, Nikogosov D, Klabukov I, Shevlyakov A, Baranova A. A Role of Variance in Interferon Genes to Disease Severity in COVID-19 Patients. Front Genet 2021; 12:709388. [PMID: 34603376 PMCID: PMC8484761 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.709388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise and global consequences of the novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) have again brought the focus of the scientific community on the possible host factors involved in patient response and outcome to exposure to the virus. The disease severity remains highly unpredictable, and individuals with none of the aforementioned risk factors may still develop severe COVID-19. It was shown that genotype-related factors like an ABO Blood Group affect COVID-19 severity, and the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 was higher for patients with blood type A and lower for patients with blood type O. Currently it is not clear which specific genes are associated with COVID-19 severity. The comparative analysis of COVID-19 and other viral infections allows us to predict that the variants within the interferon pathway genes may serve as markers of the magnitude of immune response to specific pathogens. In particular, various members of Class III interferons (lambda) are reviewed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Gozman
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Kellie Perry
- School of System Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | | | - Ilya Klabukov
- Department of Regenerative Technologies and biofabrication, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | | | - Ancha Baranova
- School of System Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
- Atlas Biomed Group Limited, London, United Kingdom
- Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that provide critical host defense against pathogens and cancer. Originally heralded for their early and rapid effector activity, NK cells have been recognized over the last decade for their ability to undergo adaptive immune processes, including antigen-driven clonal expansion and generation of long-lived memory. This review presents an overview of how NK cells lithely partake in both innate and adaptive responses and how this versatility is manifest in human NK cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Mujal
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Rebecca B Delconte
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; .,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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7
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Yang Y, Day J, Souza-Fonseca Guimaraes F, Wicks IP, Louis C. Natural killer cells in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1250. [PMID: 33552511 PMCID: PMC7850912 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a specialised population of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that help control local immune responses. Through natural cytotoxicity, production of cytokines and chemokines, and migratory capacity, NK cells play a vital immunoregulatory role in the initiation and chronicity of inflammatory and autoimmune responses. Our understanding of their functional differences and contributions in disease settings is evolving owing to new genetic and functional murine proof-of-concept studies. Here, we summarise current understanding of NK cells in several classic autoimmune disorders, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but also less understood diseases such as idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). A better understanding of how NK cells contribute to these autoimmune disorders may pave the way for NK cell-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Yang
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine Beijing China.,Inflammation Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Jessica Day
- Inflammation Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Rheumatology Unit The Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville VIC Australia
| | | | - Ian P Wicks
- Inflammation Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Rheumatology Unit The Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Cynthia Louis
- Inflammation Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
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8
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Zanker DJ, Owen KL, Baschuk N, Spurling AJ, Parker BS. Loss of type I IFN responsiveness impairs natural killer cell antitumor activity in breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2125-2138. [PMID: 33449132 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Competent type I IFN signaling is the lynchpin of most immune surveillance mechanisms and has recently proven critical to the efficacy of several anticancer agents. Expression of the type I IFN receptor, IFNAR, underpins type I IFN responsiveness in all cells and facilitates the activation and cytotoxic potential of lymphocytes, while loss of IFNAR on lymphocytes has previously been associated with tumor progression and poor patient survival. This study underscores the importance of intact type I IFN signaling to NK cells in the regulation of tumorigenesis and metastasis, whereby ablation of NK cell IFNAR1 impairs antitumor activity and tumor clearance. Using a preclinical model of triple negative breast cancer, we identified that intact IFNAR on NK cells is required for an effective response to type I IFN-inducing immunotherapeutics that may be mediated by pathways associated with NK cell degranulation. Taken together, these data provide a rationale for considering the IFNAR status on NK cells when devising therapeutic strategies aimed at inducing systemic type I IFN signaling in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien J Zanker
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Katie L Owen
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Nikola Baschuk
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Alex J Spurling
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Belinda S Parker
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute from Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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9
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Meissl K, Simonović N, Amenitsch L, Witalisz-Siepracka A, Klein K, Lassnig C, Puga A, Vogl C, Poelzl A, Bosmann M, Dohnal A, Sexl V, Müller M, Strobl B. STAT1 Isoforms Differentially Regulate NK Cell Maturation and Anti-tumor Activity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2189. [PMID: 33042133 PMCID: PMC7519029 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important components of the innate immune defense against infections and cancers. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is a transcription factor that is essential for NK cell maturation and NK cell-dependent tumor surveillance. Two alternatively spliced isoforms of STAT1 exist: a full-length STAT1α and a C-terminally truncated STAT1β isoform. Aberrant splicing is frequently observed in cancer cells and several anti-cancer drugs interfere with the cellular splicing machinery. To investigate whether NK cell-mediated tumor surveillance is affected by a switch in STAT1 splicing, we made use of knock-in mice expressing either only the STAT1α (Stat1α/α) or the STAT1β (Stat1β/β ) isoform. NK cells from Stat1α/α mice matured normally and controlled transplanted tumor cells as efficiently as NK cells from wild-type mice. In contrast, NK cells from Stat1β/β mice showed impaired maturation and effector functions, albeit less severe than NK cells from mice that completely lack STAT1 (Stat1-/- ). Mechanistically, we show that NK cell maturation requires the presence of STAT1α in the niche rather than in NK cells themselves and that NK cell maturation depends on IFNγ signaling under homeostatic conditions. The impaired NK cell maturation in Stat1β/β mice was paralleled by decreased IL-15 receptor alpha (IL-15Rα) surface levels on dendritic cells, macrophages and monocytes. Treatment of Stat1β/β mice with exogenous IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes rescued NK cell maturation but not their effector functions. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that STAT1 isoforms are not functionally redundant in regulating NK cell activity and that the absence of STAT1α severely impairs, but does not abolish, NK cell-dependent tumor surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Meissl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalija Simonović
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Amenitsch
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Witalisz-Siepracka
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klara Klein
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Puga
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Vogl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Poelzl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Dohnal
- Tumor Immunology, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Masselli E, Vaccarezza M, Carubbi C, Pozzi G, Presta V, Mirandola P, Vitale M. NK cells: A double edge sword against SARS-CoV-2. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 77:100737. [PMID: 32773100 PMCID: PMC7292949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are pivotal effectors of the innate immunity protecting an individual from microbes. They are the first line of defense against invading viruses, given their substantial ability to directly target infected cells without the need for specific antigen presentation. By establishing cellular networks with a variety of cell types such as dendritic cells, NK cells can also amplify and modulate antiviral adaptive immune responses. In this review, we will examine the role of NK cells in SARS-COV2 infections causing the ongoing COVID19 pandemic, keeping in mind the controversial role of NK cells specifically in viral respiratory infections and in inflammatory-driven lung damage. We discuss lessons learnt from previous coronavirus outbreaks in humans (caused by SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-COV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Masselli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Anatomy Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy; University Hospital of Parma, AOU-PR, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Mauro Vaccarezza
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Cecilia Carubbi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Anatomy Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Pozzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Anatomy Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Presta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Anatomy Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Prisco Mirandola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Anatomy Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Anatomy Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy; University Hospital of Parma, AOU-PR, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
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11
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Swaminathan S, Hansen AS, Heftdal LD, Dhanasekaran R, Deutzmann A, Fernandez WDM, Liefwalker DF, Horton C, Mosley A, Liebersbach M, Maecker HT, Felsher DW. MYC functions as a switch for natural killer cell-mediated immune surveillance of lymphoid malignancies. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2860. [PMID: 32503978 PMCID: PMC7275060 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC oncogene drives T- and B- lymphoid malignancies, including Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Here, we demonstrate a systemic reduction in natural killer (NK) cell numbers in SRα-tTA/Tet-O-MYCON mice bearing MYC-driven T-lymphomas. Residual mNK cells in spleens of MYCON T-lymphoma-bearing mice exhibit perturbations in the terminal NK effector differentiation pathway. Lymphoma-intrinsic MYC arrests NK maturation by transcriptionally repressing STAT1/2 and secretion of Type I Interferons (IFNs). Treating T-lymphoma-bearing mice with Type I IFN improves survival by rescuing NK cell maturation. Adoptive transfer of mature NK cells is sufficient to delay both T-lymphoma growth and recurrence post MYC inactivation. In MYC-driven BL patients, low expression of both STAT1 and STAT2 correlates significantly with the absence of activated NK cells and predicts unfavorable clinical outcomes. Our studies thus provide a rationale for developing NK cell-based therapies to effectively treat MYC-driven lymphomas in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Burkitt Lymphoma/immunology
- Burkitt Lymphoma/mortality
- Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Immunologic Surveillance/genetics
- Interferon Type I/pharmacology
- Interferon Type I/therapeutic use
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/transplantation
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Primary Cell Culture
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- STAT2 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Swaminathan
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Aida S Hansen
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Line D Heftdal
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Renumathy Dhanasekaran
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anja Deutzmann
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wadie D M Fernandez
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel F Liefwalker
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Crista Horton
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adriane Mosley
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mariola Liebersbach
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Holden T Maecker
- The Human Immune Monitoring Center (HIMC), Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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12
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Geary CD, Krishna C, Lau CM, Adams NM, Gearty SV, Pritykin Y, Thomsen AR, Leslie CS, Sun JC. Non-redundant ISGF3 Components Promote NK Cell Survival in an Auto-regulatory Manner during Viral Infection. Cell Rep 2020; 24:1949-1957.e6. [PMID: 30134157 PMCID: PMC6153266 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that possess adaptive features, including antigen-specific clonal expansion and long-lived memory responses. Although previous work demonstrated that type I interferon (IFN) signaling is crucial for NK cell expansion and memory cell formation following mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection, the global transcriptional mechanisms underlying type I IFN-mediated responses remained to be determined. Here, we demonstrate that among the suite of transcripts induced in activated NK cells, IFN-α is necessary and sufficient to promote expression of its downstream transcription factors STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9, via an auto-regulatory, feedforward loop. Similar to STAT1 deficiency, we show that STAT2- or IRF9-deficient NK cells are defective in their ability to expand following MCMV infection, in part because of diminished survival rather than an inability to proliferate. Thus, our findings demonstrate that individual ISGF3 components are crucial cell-autonomous and non-redundant regulators of the NK cell response to viral infection. Using RNA-seq and ChIP-seq, Geary et al. investigate the impacts of type I interferon on NK cells during MCMV infection and demonstrate crucial and non-redundant roles for STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 in promoting cytotoxicity and survival of antiviral NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clair D Geary
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chirag Krishna
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Colleen M Lau
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nicholas M Adams
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sofia V Gearty
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuri Pritykin
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Allan R Thomsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina S Leslie
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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13
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Stamatiades EG, Li MO. Tissue-resident cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells in tumor immunosurveillance. Semin Immunol 2019; 41:101269. [PMID: 30904283 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphocytes play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis at steady state and during inflammation. The population of innate lymphocytes is incredibly diverse and heterogeneous with the successive identification of new subsets including innate lymphoid cells that arise from progenitors distinct from those of natural killer cells. Although generally considered as T helper-like lymphocytes, innate lymphoid cells with cytotoxic potential can be identified in many tissues. The tissue-resident cytotoxic innate lymphocytes derived from innate lymphoid cell and/or natural killer cell lineages are well positioned in sensing malignant transformation and initiating antitumor immunity. This review provides an overview of innate lymphocyte biology and discuss their roles in tumor immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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14
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Oh JH, Kim MJ, Choi SJ, Ban YH, Lee HK, Shin EC, Lee KM, Ha SJ. Sustained Type I Interferon Reinforces NK Cell-Mediated Cancer Immunosurveillance during Chronic Virus Infection. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:584-599. [PMID: 30808680 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The importance of natural killer (NK) cells in the early immune response to viral or bacterial infection is well known. However, the phenotype, function, and physiologic role of NK cells during the late stage of persistent viral infection have not been extensively studied. Here, we characterized NK cells in mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 and showed that in contrast to NK cells from acutely infected or uninfected mice, NK cells from chronically infected mice expressed a terminally differentiated phenotype, stronger cytotoxicity, and reduced inhibitory receptor expression. In an in vivo tumor model, chronically infected mice exhibited significantly delayed tumor progression in an NK cell-dependent manner. NK cells from chronically infected mice also expressed high STAT1, and blocking the type I interferon (IFN) receptor revealed that type I IFN signaling directly regulated NK cell cytotoxicity. Our findings indicate that sustained type I IFN signaling during chronic viral infection potentiates the cytolytic function of NK cells and contributes to NK cell-dependent host immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Joon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Choi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Ban
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Bumgardner S, Zhou Y, Jiang Z, Coe E, Yakaitis C, Xiao Y, Pazdro R. Genetic influence on splenic natural killer cell frequencies and maturation among aged mice. Exp Gerontol 2018; 104:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Kodera Y, Ushijima M, Amano H, Suzuki JI, Matsutomo T. Chemical and Biological Properties of S-1-Propenyl-l-Cysteine in Aged Garlic Extract. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040570. [PMID: 28362335 PMCID: PMC6154623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
S-1-Propenyl-l-cysteine (S1PC) is a stereoisomer of S-1-Propenyl-l-cysteine (SAC), an important sulfur-containing amino acid that plays a role for the beneficial pharmacological effects of aged garlic extract (AGE). The existence of S1PC in garlic preparations has been known since the 1960's. However, there was no report regarding the biological and/or pharmacological activity of S1PC until 2016. Recently, we performed a series of studies to examine the chemical, biological, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of S1PC, and obtained some interesting results. S1PC existed only in trace amounts in raw garlic, but its concentration increased almost up to the level similar of SAC through aging process of AGE. S1PC showed immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo, and reduced blood pressure in a hypertensive animal model. A pharmacokinetic study revealed that S1PC was readily absorbed after oral administration in rats and dogs with bioavailability of 88-100%. Additionally, S1PC had little inhibitory influence on human cytochrome P450 activities, even at a concentration of 1 mM. Based on these findings, S1PC was suggested to be another important, pharmacologically active and safe component of AGE similar to SAC. In this review, we highlight some results from recent studies on S1PC and discuss the potential medicinal value of S1PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihioro Kodera
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan.
| | - Mitsuyasu Ushijima
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Amano
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichiro Suzuki
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Matsutomo
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan.
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17
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Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are known to mediate antitumor effects against several tumor types and have therefore been commonly used in clinical anticancer treatment. However, how IFN signaling exerts its beneficial effects is only partially understood. The clinically relevant activity of type I IFNs has been mainly attributed to their role in tumor immune surveillance. Different mechanisms have been postulated to explain how type I IFNs stimulate the immune system. On the one hand, they modulate innate immune cell subsets such as natural killer (NK) cells. On the other hand, type I IFNs also influence adaptive immune responses. Here, we review evidence for the impact of type I IFNs on immune surveillance against cancer and highlight the role of NK cells therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Müller
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Aigner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Lee AJ, Chen B, Chew MV, Barra NG, Shenouda MM, Nham T, van Rooijen N, Jordana M, Mossman KL, Schreiber RD, Mack M, Ashkar AA. Inflammatory monocytes require type I interferon receptor signaling to activate NK cells via IL-18 during a mucosal viral infection. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1153-1167. [PMID: 28264883 PMCID: PMC5379971 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although type I interferon is critical for NK cell activation, the underlying mechanism is under debate and is unknown during a mucosal infection. Lee et al. have determined that type I interferon induces inflammatory monocytes to produce IL-18 to directly activate NK cells to combat viral infections. The requirement of type I interferon (IFN) for natural killer (NK) cell activation in response to viral infection is known, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that type I IFN signaling in inflammatory monocytes, but not in dendritic cells (DCs) or NK cells, is essential for NK cell function in response to a mucosal herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection. Mice deficient in type I IFN signaling, Ifnar−/− and Irf9−/− mice, had significantly lower levels of inflammatory monocytes, were deficient in IL-18 production, and lacked NK cell–derived IFN-γ. Depletion of inflammatory monocytes, but not DCs or other myeloid cells, resulted in lower levels of IL-18 and a complete abrogation of NK cell function in HSV-2 infection. Moreover, this resulted in higher susceptibility to HSV-2 infection. Although Il18−/− mice had normal levels of inflammatory monocytes, their NK cells were unresponsive to HSV-2 challenge. This study highlights the importance of type I IFN signaling in inflammatory monocytes and the induction of the early innate antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Lee
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Branson Chen
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Marianne V Chew
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Nicole G Barra
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Mira M Shenouda
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Tina Nham
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Nico van Rooijen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manel Jordana
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Karen L Mossman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | | | - Matthias Mack
- RCI Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ali A Ashkar
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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19
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Murira A, Lamarre A. Type-I Interferon Responses: From Friend to Foe in the Battle against Chronic Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2016; 7:609. [PMID: 28066419 PMCID: PMC5165262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) have long been heralded as key contributors to effective antiviral responses. More widely understood in the context of acute viral infection, the role of this pleiotropic cytokine has been characterized as triggering antiviral states in cells and potentiating adaptive immune responses. Upon induction in the innate immune response, IFN-I triggers the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), which upregulate the effector function of immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells, B cells, and T cells) toward successful resolution of infections. However, emerging lines of evidence reveal that viral persistence in the course of chronic infections could be driven by deleterious immunomodulatory effects upon sustained IFN-I expression. In this setting, elevation of IFN-I and ISGs is directly correlated to viral persistence and elevated viral loads. It is important to note that the correlation among IFN-I expression, ISGs, and viral persistence may be a cause or effect of chronic infection and this is an important distinction to make toward establishing the dichotomous nature of IFN-I responses. The aim of this mini review is to (i) summarize the interaction between IFN-I and downstream effector responses and therefore (ii) delineate the function of this cytokine on positive and negative immunoregulation in chronic infection. This is a significant consideration given the current therapeutic administration of IFN-I in chronic viral infections whose therapeutic significance is projected to continue despite emergence of increasingly efficacious antiviral regimens. Furthermore, elucidation of the interplay between virus and the antiviral response in the context of IFN-I will elucidate avenues toward more effective therapeutic and prophylactic measures against chronic viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armstrong Murira
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval, QC , Canada
| | - Alain Lamarre
- Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval, QC , Canada
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20
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Li MMH, Bozzacco L, Hoffmann HH, Breton G, Loschko J, Xiao JW, Monette S, Rice CM, MacDonald MR. Interferon regulatory factor 2 protects mice from lethal viral neuroinvasion. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2931-2947. [PMID: 27899441 PMCID: PMC5154937 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Li et al. describe a novel role for IRF2, previously known as a negative regulator of type I IFN signaling, in protection of mice from lethal viral neuroinvasion by facilitating the proper localization of B cells and antibodies to the central nervous system. The host responds to virus infection by activating type I interferon (IFN) signaling leading to expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Dysregulation of the IFN response results in inflammatory diseases and chronic infections. In this study, we demonstrate that IFN regulatory factor 2 (IRF2), an ISG and a negative regulator of IFN signaling, influences alphavirus neuroinvasion and pathogenesis. A Sindbis virus strain that in wild-type (WT) mice only causes disease when injected into the brain leads to lethal encephalitis in Irf2−/− mice after peripheral inoculation. Irf2−/− mice fail to control virus replication and recruit immune infiltrates into the brain. Reduced B cells and virus-specific IgG are observed in the Irf2−/− mouse brains despite the presence of peripheral neutralizing antibodies, suggesting a defect in B cell trafficking to the central nervous system (CNS). B cell–deficient μMT mice are significantly more susceptible to viral infection, yet WT B cells and serum are unable to rescue the Irf2−/− mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that proper localization of B cells and local production of antibodies in the CNS are required for protection. The work advances our understanding of host mechanisms that affect viral neuroinvasion and their contribution to immunity against CNS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody M H Li
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Leonia Bozzacco
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Hans-Heinrich Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Gaëlle Breton
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jakob Loschko
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jing W Xiao
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Sébastien Monette
- Tri-Institutional Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Margaret R MacDonald
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
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21
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Madera S, Rapp M, Firth MA, Beilke JN, Lanier LL, Sun JC. Type I IFN promotes NK cell expansion during viral infection by protecting NK cells against fratricide. J Exp Med 2016; 213:225-33. [PMID: 26755706 PMCID: PMC4749923 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Madera et al. show that NK cells unable to receive type I IFN signals during MCMV infection have defective expansion and memory cell formation, possessing increased susceptibility to apoptosis due to NK cell–mediated fratricide. Type I interferon (IFN) is crucial in host antiviral defense. Previous studies have described the pleiotropic role of type I IFNs on innate and adaptive immune cells during viral infection. Here, we demonstrate that natural killer (NK) cells from mice lacking the type I IFN-α receptor (Ifnar−/−) or STAT1 (which signals downstream of IFNAR) are defective in expansion and memory cell formation after mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. Despite comparable proliferation, Ifnar−/− NK cells showed diminished protection against MCMV infection and exhibited more apoptosis compared with wild-type NK cells. Furthermore, we show that Ifnar−/− NK cells express increased levels of NK group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligands during viral infection and are susceptible to NK cell–mediated fratricide in a perforin- and NKG2D-dependent manner. Adoptive transfer of Ifnar−/− NK cells into NK cell–deficient mice reverses the defect in survival and expansion. Our study reveals a novel type I IFN–dependent mechanism by which NK cells evade mechanisms of cell death after viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharline Madera
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065 Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Moritz Rapp
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Matthew A Firth
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Joshua N Beilke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065 Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
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22
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Prchal-Murphy M, Witalisz-Siepracka A, Bednarik KT, Putz EM, Gotthardt D, Meissl K, Sexl V, Müller M, Strobl B. In vivo tumor surveillance by NK cells requires TYK2 but not TYK2 kinase activity. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1047579. [PMID: 26451322 PMCID: PMC4589058 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1047579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a Janus kinase (JAK) that is crucially involved in inflammation, carcinogenesis and defense against infection. The cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells in TYK2-deficient (Tyk2−/−) mice is severely reduced, although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Using Tyk2−/− mice and mice expressing a kinase-inactive version of TYK2 (Tyk2K923E), we show that NK cell function is partly independent of the enzymatic activity of TYK2. Tyk2−/− and Tyk2K923E NK cells develop normally in the bone marrow, but the maturation of splenic Tyk2−/− NK cells (and to a lesser extent of Tyk2K923E NK cells) is impaired. In contrast, the production of interferon γ (IFNγ) in response to interleukin 12 (IL-12) or to stimulation through NK cell-activating receptors strictly depends on the presence of enzymatically active TYK2. The cytotoxic activity of Tyk2K923E NK cells against a range of target cells in vitro is higher than that of Tyk2−/− NK cells. Consistently, Tyk2K923E mice control the growth of NK cell-targeted tumors significantly better than TYK2-deficient mice, showing the physiological relevance of the finding. Inhibitors of TYK2's kinase activity are being developed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancers, but their effects on tumor immune surveillance have not been investigated. Our finding that TYK2 has kinase-independent functions in vivo suggests that such inhibitors will leave NK cell mediated tumor surveillance largely intact and that they will be suitable for use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Prchal-Murphy
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics; University of Veterinary Medicine ; Vienna, Austria ; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Veterinary Medicine ; Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Karoline T Bednarik
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics; University of Veterinary Medicine ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Maria Putz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Veterinary Medicine ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Gotthardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Veterinary Medicine ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Meissl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics; University of Veterinary Medicine ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Veterinary Medicine ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics; University of Veterinary Medicine ; Vienna, Austria ; Biomodels Austria; University of Veterinary Medicine ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics; University of Veterinary Medicine ; Vienna, Austria
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