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Wang J, Situ P, Chen S, Wu H, Zhang X, Liu S, Wang Y, Xie J, Chen H, Duan Y. Hepatic Polarized Differentiation Promoted the Maturity and Liver Function of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes via Activating Hippo and AMPK Signaling Pathways. Cells 2022; 11. [PMID: 36552880 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes exhibit a multi-polarized state under the in vivo physiological environment, however, human embryonic stem cell-derived hepatocytes (hEHs) rarely exhibit polarity features in a two-dimensional (2D) condition. Thus, we hypothesized whether the polarized differentiation might enhance the maturity and liver function of hEHs. In this study, we obtained the polarized hEHs (phEHs) by using 2D differentiation in conjunct with employing transwell-based polarized culture. Our results showed that phEHs directionally secreted albumin, urea and bile acids, and afterward, the apical membrane and blood-bile barrier (BBIB) were identified to form in phEHs. Moreover, phEHs exhibited a higher maturity and capacitity of cellular secretory and drug metabolism than those of non-phEHs. Through transcriptome analysis, it was found that the polarized differentiation induced obvious changes in gene expression profiles of cellular adhesion and membrane transport in hEHs. Our further investigation revealed that the activation of Hippo and AMPK signaling pathways made contributions to the regulation of function and cellular polarity in phEHs, further verifying that the liver function of hEHs was closely related with their polarization state. These results not only demonstrated that the polarized differentiation enhanced the maturity and liver function of hEHs, but also identified the molecular targets that regulated the polarization state of hEHs.
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Cho Y, Joshi R, Lowe P, Copeland C, Ribeiro M, Morel C, Catalano D, Szabo G. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor attenuates liver damage by M2 macrophage polarization and hepatocyte proliferation in alcoholic hepatitis in mice. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2322-2339. [PMID: 35997009 PMCID: PMC9426408 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive inflammation and liver failure are main contributors to the high mortality in alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH). In recent clinical trials, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy improved liver function and survival in patients with AH. However, the mechanisms of G-CSF-mediated beneficial effects in AH remain elusive. In this study, we evaluated effects of in vivo G-CSF administration, using a mouse model of AH. G-CSF treatment significantly reduced liver damage in alcohol-fed mice even though it increased the numbers of liver-infiltrating immune cells, including neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes. Moreover, G-CSF promoted macrophage polarization toward an M2-like phenotype and increased hepatocyte proliferation, which was indicated by an increased Ki67-positive signal colocalized with hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF-4α) and cyclin D1 expression in hepatocytes. We found that G-CSF increased G-CSF receptor expression and resulted in reduced levels of phosphorylated β-catenin in hepatocytes. In the presence of an additional pathogen-associated molecule, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is significantly increased in the circulation and liver of patients with AH, the G-CSF-induced hepatoprotective effects were abolished in alcohol-fed mice. We still observed increased Ki67-positive signals in alcohol-fed mice following G-CSF treatment; however, Ki67 and HNF-4α did not colocalize in LPS-challenged mice. Conclusion: G-CSF treatment increases immune cell populations, particularly neutrophil counts, and promotes M2-like macrophage differentiation in the liver. More importantly, G-CSF treatment reduces alcohol-induced liver injury and promotes hepatocyte proliferation in alcohol-fed mice. These data provide new insights into the understanding of mechanisms mediated by G-CSF and its therapeutic effects in AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhee Cho
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Radhika Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick Lowe
- Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher Copeland
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcelle Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caroline Morel
- Advanced Pathology Service, Invicro, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donna Catalano
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Lin JH, Chang HH, Lee WS, Ting PC, Luo YP, Yang KT. Palmitic Acid Methyl Ester Enhances Adipogenic Differentiation in Rat Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells through a G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Mediated Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9938649. [PMID: 34650609 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9938649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenic differentiation from stem cells has become a research target due to the increasing interest in obesity. It has been indicated that adipocytes can secrete palmitic acid methyl ester (PAME), which is able to regulate stem cell proliferation. However, the effects of PAME on adipogenic differentiation in stem cell remain unclear. Here, we present that the adipogenic differentiation medium supplemented with PAME induced the differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rAD-MSCs) into adipocyte. rAD-MSCs were treated with PAME for 12 days and then subjected to various analyses. The results from the present study show that PAME significantly increased the levels of adipogenic differentiation markers, PPARγ and Gpd1, and enhanced adipogenic differentiation in rAD-MSCs. Furthermore, the level of GPR40/120 protein increased during induction of adipocyte differentiation in rAD-MSCs. Cotreatment with PAME and a GPR40/120 antagonist together inhibited the PAME-enhanced adipogenic differentiation. Moreover, PAME significantly increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), but not AKT and mTOR. Cotreatment with PAME and a GPR40/120 antagonist together inhibited the PAME-enhanced ERK phosphorylation and adipogenic differentiation. PAME also increased the intracellular Ca2+ levels. Cotreatment with PAME and a Ca2+ chelator or a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor prevented the PAME-enhanced ERK phosphorylation and adipogenic differentiation. Our data suggest that PAME activated the GPR40/120/PLC-mediated pathway, which in turn increased the intracellular Ca2+ levels, thereby activating the ERK, and eventually enhanced adipogenic differentiation in rAD-MSCs. The findings from the present study might help get insight into the physiological roles and molecular mechanism of PAME in regulating stem cell differentiation.
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Wallén E, Auvinen P, Kaminen-Ahola N. The Effects of Early Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Epigenome and Embryonic Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071095. [PMID: 34356111 PMCID: PMC8303887 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is one of the most significant causes of developmental disability in the Western world. Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy leads to an increased risk of neurological deficits and developmental abnormalities in the fetus. Over the past decade, several human and animal studies have demonstrated that alcohol causes alterations in epigenetic marks, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. There is an increasing amount of evidence that early pregnancy is a sensitive period for environmental-induced epigenetic changes. It is a dynamic period of epigenetic reprogramming, cell divisions, and DNA replication and, therefore, a particularly interesting period to study the molecular changes caused by alcohol exposure as well as the etiology of alcohol-induced developmental disorders. This article will review the current knowledge about the in vivo and in vitro effects of alcohol exposure on the epigenome, gene regulation, and the phenotype during the first weeks of pregnancy.
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Li H, Wang M, Kang W, Lin Z, Gan F, Huang K. Non-cytotoxic dosage of fumonisin B1 aggravates ochratoxin A-induced nephrocytotoxicity and apoptosis via ROS-dependent JNK/MAPK signaling pathway. Toxicology 2021; 457:152802. [PMID: 33905761 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisin B1 (FB1), two of the most toxicologically important mycotoxins, often coexist in a variety of foodstuff and feed in humans and animals. Because of the low content of FB1 in foodstuff and feed, alone harmfulness of FB1 is often ignored. However, it is unknown whether the lower dosage of FB1 aggravates the toxicity of other mycotoxins. In this article, we aimed to investigate the effects of the lower dosage of FB1 on OTA-induced nephrotoxicity and apoptosis, and its underlying mechanism in porcine kidney cells (PK-15). Our current study showed that the non-cytotoxic concentration of FB1 (8 μM) could enhance OTA(5 μM)-induced nephrocytotoxicity and the expression of pro-apoptosis-associated genes in PK-15 cells. We also observed that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased. However, the expression of pro-apoptosis-associated genes were down-regulated when the N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, was used in our experiment. Besides, we found that the combined toxins could increase the protein expression of p-JNK instead of p-p38 and p-ERK. Pretreatment with SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, could significantly block the promotion effects of FB1 on OTA-induced nephrocytotoxicity and apoptosis. The protein expression of p-JNK was also inhibited and the promotion effects of FB1 were significantly alleviated when NAC was used. In conclusion, the non-cytotoxic dosage of FB1 could aggravate the nephrocytotoxicity and apoptosis caused by OTA via ROS-dependent JNK/MAPK signaling pathway.
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Abstract
Recent biotechnical advances in the in vitro culture of cholangiocytes and generation of bioengineered biliary tissue have a high potential for creating biliary tissue to be used for disease modeling, drug screening, and transplantation. For the past few decades, scientists have searched for a source of cholangiocytes, focused on primary cholangiocytes or cholangiocytes derived from hepatocytes or stem cells. At the same time, the development of scaffolds for biliary tissue engineering for transplantation and modeling of cholangiopathies has been explored. In this review, we provide an overview on the current understanding of cholangiocytes sources, the effect of signaling molecules, and transcription factors on cell differentiation, along with the effects of extracellular matrix molecules and scaffolds on bioengineered biliary tissues, and their application in disease modeling and drug screening. Impact statement Over the past few decades, biliary tissue engineering has acquired significant attention, but currently a number of factors hinder this field to eventually generate bioengineered bile ducts that mimic in vivo physiology and are suitable for transplantation. In this review, we present the latest advances with respect to cell source selection, influence of growth factors and scaffolds, and functional characterization, as well as applications in cholangiopathy modeling and drug screening. This review is suited for a broad spectrum of readers, including fundamental liver researchers and clinicians with interest in the current state and application of bile duct engineering and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - João Faria
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Choi JH, Loarca L, De Hoyos-Vega JM, Dadgar N, Loutherback K, Shah VH, Stybayeva G, Revzin A. Microfluidic confinement enhances phenotype and function of hepatocyte spheroids. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C552-C560. [PMID: 32697600 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00094.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A number of cell culture approaches have been described for maintenance of primary hepatocytes. Forming hepatocytes into three-dimensional (3-D) spheroids is one well-accepted method for extending epithelial phenotype of these cells. Our laboratory has previously observed enhanced function of two-dimensional (2-D, monolayer) hepatocyte cultures in microfluidic devices due to increased production of several hepato-inductive growth factors, including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). In the present study, we wanted to test a hypothesis that culturing hepatocyte spheroids (3-D) in microfluidic devices will also result in enhanced phenotype and function. To test this hypothesis, we fabricated devices with small and large volumes. Both types of devices included a microstructured floor containing arrays of pyramidal wells to promote assembly of hepatocytes into spheroids with individual diameters of ~100 µm. The hepatocyte spheroids were found to be more functional, as evidenced by higher level of albumin synthesis, bile acid production, and hepatic enzyme expression, in low-volume compared with large-volume devices. Importantly, high functionality of spheroid cultures correlated with elevated levels of HGF secretion. Although decay of hepatic function (albumin secretion) was observed over the course 3 wk, this behavior could be abrogated by inhibiting TGF-β1 signaling. With TGF-β1 inhibitor, microfluidic hepatocyte spheroid cultures maintained high and stable levels of albumin synthesis over the course of 4 wk. To further highlight utility of this culture platform for liver disease modeling, we carried out alcohol injury experiments in microfluidic devices and tested protective effects of interleukin-22: a potential therapy for alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hoon Choi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lorena Loarca
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jose M De Hoyos-Vega
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Neda Dadgar
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kevin Loutherback
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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8
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Serio RN, Gudas LJ. Modification of stem cell states by alcohol and acetaldehyde. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 316:108919. [PMID: 31846616 PMCID: PMC7036011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) is a recreationally ingested compound that is both teratogenic and carcinogenic in humans. Because of its abundant consumption worldwide and the vital role of stem cells in the formation of birth defects and cancers, delineating the effects of EtOH on stem cell function is currently an active and urgent pursuit of scientific investigation to explicate some of the mechanisms contributing to EtOH toxicity. Stem cells represent a primordial, undifferentiated phase of development; thus encroachment on normal physiologic processes of differentiation into terminal lineages by EtOH can greatly alter the function of progenitors and terminally differentiated cells, leading to pathological consequences that manifest as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and cancers. In this review we explore the disruptive role of EtOH in differentiation of stem cells. Our primary objective is to elucidate the mechanisms by which EtOH alters differentiation-related gene expression and lineage specifications, thus modifying stem cells to promote pathological outcomes. We additionally review the effects of a reactive metabolite of EtOH, acetaldehyde (AcH), in causing both differentiation defects in stem cells as well as genomic damage that incites cellular aging and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N Serio
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, USA.
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, USA.
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Assiri MA, Ali HR, Marentette JO, Yun Y, Liu J, Hirschey MD, Saba LM, Harris PS, Fritz KS. Investigating RNA expression profiles altered by nicotinamide mononucleotide therapy in a chronic model of alcoholic liver disease. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:65. [PMID: 31823815 PMCID: PMC6902345 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol consumption is a significant cause of liver disease worldwide. Several biochemical mechanisms have been linked to the initiation and progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation, including the disruption of NAD+/NADH. Indeed, an ethanol-mediated reduction in hepatic NAD+ levels is thought to be one factor underlying ethanol-induced steatosis, oxidative stress, steatohepatitis, insulin resistance, and inhibition of gluconeogenesis. Therefore, we applied a NAD+ boosting supplement to investigate alterations in the pathogenesis of early-stage ALD. METHODS To examine the impact of NAD+ therapy on the early stages of ALD, we utilized nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) at 500 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection every other day, for the duration of a Lieber-DeCarli 6-week chronic ethanol model in mice. Numerous strategies were employed to characterize the effect of NMN therapy, including the integration of RNA-seq, immunoblotting, and metabolomics analysis. RESULTS Our findings reveal that NMN therapy increased hepatic NAD+ levels, prevented an ethanol-induced increase in plasma ALT and AST, and changed the expression of 25% of the genes that were modulated by ethanol metabolism. These genes were associated with a number of pathways including the MAPK pathway. Interestingly, our analysis revealed that NMN treatment normalized Erk1/2 signaling and prevented an induction of Atf3 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal previously unreported mechanisms by which NMN supplementation alters hepatic gene expression and protein pathways to impact ethanol hepatotoxicity in an early-stage murine model of ALD. Overall, our data suggest further research is needed to fully characterize treatment paradigms and biochemical implications of NAD+-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Assiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi R Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - John O Marentette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Youngho Yun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Laura M Saba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Peter S Harris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kristofer S Fritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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10
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Serio RN, Lu C, Gross SS, Gudas LJ. Different Effects of Knockouts in ALDH2 and ACSS2 on Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1859-1871. [PMID: 31283017 PMCID: PMC6722009 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol (EtOH) is a teratogen that causes severe birth defects, but the mechanisms by which EtOH affects stem cell differentiation are unclear. Our goal here is to examine the effects of EtOH and its metabolites, acetaldehyde (AcH) and acetate, on embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. METHODS We designed ESC lines in which aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2, NCBI#11669) and acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2, NCBI#60525) were knocked out by CRISPR-Cas9 technology. We selected these genes because of their key roles in EtOH oxidation in order to dissect the effects of EtOH metabolism on differentiation. RESULTS By using kinetic assays, we confirmed that AcH is primarily oxidized by ALDH2 rather than ALDH1A2. We found increases in mRNAs of differentiation-associated genes (Hoxa1, Cyp26a1, and RARβ2) upon EtOH treatment of WT and Acss2-/- ESCs, but not Aldh2-/- ESCs. The absence of ALDH2 reduced mRNAs of some pluripotency factors (Nanog, Sox2, and Klf4). Treatment of WT ESCs with AcH or 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), another substrate of ALDH2, increased differentiation-associated transcripts compared to levels in untreated cells. mRNAs of genes involved in retinoic acid (RA) synthesis (Stra6 and Rdh10) were also increased by EtOH, AcH, and 4-HNE treatment. Retinoic acid receptor-γ (RARγ) is required for both EtOH- and AcH-mediated increases in Hoxa1 and Stra6, demonstrating the critical role of RA:RARγ signaling in AcH-induced ESC differentiation. CONCLUSIONS ACSS2 knockouts showed no changes in differentiation phenotype, while pluripotency-related transcripts were decreased in ALDH2 knockout ESCs. We demonstrate that AcH increases differentiation-associated mRNAs in ESCs via RARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N Serio
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Changyuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Steven S Gross
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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11
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Serio RN, Laursen KB, Urvalek AM, Gross SS, Gudas LJ. Ethanol promotes differentiation of embryonic stem cells through retinoic acid receptor-γ. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5536-5548. [PMID: 30737277 PMCID: PMC6462535 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) is a teratogen, but its teratogenic mechanisms are not fully understood. The alcohol form of vitamin A (retinol/ROL) can be oxidized to all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), which plays a critical role in stem cell differentiation and development. Using an embryonic stem cell (ESC) model to analyze EtOH's effects on differentiation, we show here that EtOH and acetaldehyde, but not acetate, increase differentiation-associated mRNA levels, and that EtOH decreases pluripotency-related mRNAs. Using reporter assays, ChIP assays, and retinoic acid receptor-γ (RARγ) knockout ESC lines generated by CRISPR/Cas9 and homologous recombination, we demonstrate that EtOH signals via RARγ binding to RA response elements (RAREs) in differentiation-associated gene promoters or enhancers. We also report that EtOH-mediated increases in homeobox A1 (Hoxa1) and cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1 (Cyp26a1) transcripts, direct RA target genes, require the expression of the RA-synthesizing enzyme, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2 (Aldh1a2), suggesting that EtOH-mediated induction of Hoxa1 and Cyp26a1 requires ROL from the serum. As shown with CRISPR/Cas9 knockout lines, the retinol dehydrogenase gene Rdh10 and a functional RARE in the ROL transporter stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (Stra6) gene are required for EtOH induction of Hoxa1 and Cyp26a1 We conclude that EtOH stimulates stem cell differentiation by increasing the influx and metabolism of ROL for downstream RARγ-dependent transcription. In stem cells, EtOH may shift cell fate decisions to alter developmental outcomes by increasing endogenous ROL/RA signaling via increased Stra6 expression and ROL oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N Serio
- From the Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065 and
| | - Kristian B Laursen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Alison M Urvalek
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Steven S Gross
- From the Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065 and
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- From the Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065 and
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
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12
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Bai C, Zhang H, Zhang X, Yang W, Li X, Gao Y. MiR-15/16 mediate crosstalk between the MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways during hepatocyte differentiation from amniotic epithelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2019; 1862:567-581. [PMID: 30753902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MiR-15/16 play an important role in liver development and hepatocyte differentiation, but the mechanisms by which these miRNAs regulate their targets and downstream genes to influence cell fate are poorly understood. In this study, we showed up-regulation of miR-15/16 during HGF- and FGF4-induced hepatocyte differentiation from amniotic epithelial cells (AECs). To elucidate the role of miR-15/16 and their targets in hepatocyte differentiation, we investigated the roles of miR-15/16 in both the MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, which were predicted to be involved in miR-15/16 signaling. Our results demonstrated that the transcription of miR-15/16 was enhanced by c-Fos, c-Jun, and CREB, important elements of the MAPK pathway, and miR-15/16 in turn directly targeted adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein, a major member of the β-catenin degradation complex. MiR-15/16 destroyed these degradation complexes to activate β-catenin, and the activated β-catenin combined with LEF/TCF7L1 to form a transcriptional complex that enhanced transcription of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α). HNF4α also bound the promoter region of miR-15/16 and promoted its transcription, thereby forming a regulatory circuit to promote the differentiation of AECs into hepatocytes. Endogenous miRNAs are, therefore, involved in hepatocyte differentiation from AECs and should be considered during the development of an effective hepatocyte transplant therapy for liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of precision medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, PR China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, PR China
| | - Wancai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of precision medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, PR China; Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xiangchen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, PR China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Yuhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of precision medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, PR China; College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, PR China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Kim Y, Kang K, Lee SB, Seo D, Yoon S, Kim SJ, Jang K, Jung YK, Lee KG, Factor VM, Jeong J, Choi D. Small molecule-mediated reprogramming of human hepatocytes into bipotent progenitor cells. J Hepatol 2019; 70:97-107. [PMID: 30240598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Currently, much effort is directed towards the development of new cell sources for clinical therapy using cell fate conversion by small molecules. Direct lineage reprogramming to a progenitor state has been reported in terminally differentiated rodent hepatocytes, yet remains a challenge in human hepatocytes. METHODS Human hepatocytes were isolated from healthy and diseased donor livers and reprogrammed into progenitor cells by 2 small molecules, A83-01 and CHIR99021 (AC), in the presence of EGF and HGF. The stemness properties of human chemically derived hepatic progenitors (hCdHs) were tested by standard in vitro and in vivo assays and transcriptome profiling. RESULTS We developed a robust culture system for generating hCdHs with therapeutic potential. The use of HGF proved to be an essential determinant of the fate conversion process. Based on functional evidence, activation of the HGF/MET signal transduction system collaborated with A83-01 and CHIR99021 to allow a rapid expansion of progenitor cells through the activation of the ERK pathway. hCdHs expressed hepatic progenitor markers and could self-renew for at least 10 passages while retaining a normal karyotype and potential to differentiate into functional hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells in vitro. Gene expression profiling using RNAseq confirmed the transcriptional reprogramming of hCdHs towards a progenitor state and the suppression of mature hepatocyte transcripts. Upon intrasplenic transplantation in several models of therapeutic liver repopulation, hCdHs effectively repopulated the damaged parenchyma. CONCLUSION Our study is the first report of successful reprogramming of human hepatocytes to a population of proliferating bipotent cells with regenerative potential. hCdHs may provide a novel tool that permits expansion and genetic manipulation of patient-specific progenitors to study regeneration and the repair of diseased livers. LAY SUMMARY Human primary hepatocytes were reprogrammed towards hepatic progenitor cells by a combined treatment with 2 small molecules, A83-01 and CHIR99021, and HGF. Chemically derived hepatic progenitors exhibited a high proliferation potential and the ability to differentiate into hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. This approach enables the generation of patient-specific hepatic progenitors and provides a platform for personal and stem cell-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyojin Kang
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bum Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Daekwan Seo
- Macrogen Corporation, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Sangtae Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul 03063, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiseok Jang
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Jung
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Geun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Valentina M Factor
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jaemin Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongho Choi
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Di Rocco G, Baldari S, Pani G, Toietta G. Stem cells under the influence of alcohol: effects of ethanol consumption on stem/progenitor cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:231-244. [PMID: 30306211 PMCID: PMC6339663 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells drive embryonic and fetal development. In several adult tissues, they retain the ability to self-renew and differentiate into a variety of specialized cells, thus contributing to tissue homeostasis and repair throughout life span. Alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk for several diseases and conditions. Growing and developing tissues are particularly vulnerable to alcohol's influence, suggesting that stem- and progenitor-cell function could be affected. Accordingly, recent studies have revealed the possible relevance of alcohol exposure in impairing stem-cell properties, consequently affecting organ development and injury response in different tissues. Here, we review the main studies describing the effects of alcohol on different types of progenitor/stem cells including neuronal, hepatic, intestinal and adventitial progenitor cells, bone-marrow-derived stromal cell, dental pulp, embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells, and tumor-initiating cells. A better understanding of the nature of the cellular damage induced by chronic and episodic heavy (binge) drinking is critical for the improvement of current therapeutic strategies designed to treat patients suffering from alcohol-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Di Rocco
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Baldari
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Pani
- Institute of General Pathology, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Catholic University Medical School, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Toietta
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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Lee HJ, Ahn SM, Pak ME, Jung DH, Lee SY, Shin HK, Choi BT. Positive effects of α-asarone on transplanted neural progenitor cells in a murine model of ischemic stroke. Phytomedicine 2018; 51:151-161. [PMID: 30466612 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some traditional Oriental herbal medicines, such as Acorus tatarinowii and Acorus gramineus, produce beneficial effects for cognition enhancement. An active compound in rhizomes and the bark of these plants is α-asarone. PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of α-asarone on the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in a primary culture and a murine model of ischemic stroke. METHODS NPCs were isolated from mouse fetal cerebral cortices on embryonic day 15, and all experiments were performed using passage 3 NPCs. We utilized a cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis to assess proliferation and differentiation of NPCs and employed α-asarone in NPC transplanted ischemic stroke mice to evaluate stroke-related functional recovery using behavioral and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULT Treatment with 1 µM, 3 µM, or 10 μM α-asarone induced significant NPC proliferation compared to vehicle treatment. Induced NPCs expressed the neuronal marker neuronal nuclei (NeuN) or the astrocyte marker S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100β). Both immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry revealed that treatment with α-asarone increased the number of NeuN-immunoreactive cells and decreased the number of S100β-immunoreactive cells. Treatment with α-asarone also increased the expression of β-catenin, cyclin D1, and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) compared to vehicle treatment. In a murine model of ischemic stroke, treatment with α-asarone and transplanted NPCs alleviated stroke-related functional impairments. The corner and rotarod test results revealed that treatment with α-asarone in the NPC transplanted group had greater-than-additive effects on sensorimotor function and motor balance. Moreover, α-asarone treatment promoted the differentiation of transplanted NPCs into NeuN-, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-, platelet-derived growth factor-α (PDGFR-α)-, and 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase)-immunoreactive cells. CONCLUSION α-asarone may promote NPC proliferation and differentiation into neuron-lineage cells by activating β-catenin, cyclin D1, and ERK. Moreover, α-asarone treatment facilitated neurofunctional recovery after NPC transplantation in a murine model of ischemic stroke. Therefore, α-asarone is a potential adjunct treatment to NPC therapy for functional restoration after brain injuries such as ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ju Lee
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Min Ahn
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Malk Eun Pak
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Da Hee Jung
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo-Yeon Lee
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Zhou RP, Leng TD, Yang T, Chen FH, Xiong ZG. Acute Ethanol Exposure Promotes Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway-Dependent ASIC1a Protein Degradation and Protects Against Acidosis-Induced Neurotoxicity. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3326-3340. [PMID: 30120732 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue acidosis is a common feature of brain ischemia which causes neuronal injury. Activation of acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) plays an important role in acidosis-mediated neurotoxicity. Acute ethanol administration has been shown to provide neuroprotective effects during ischemic stroke, but the precise mechanisms have yet to be determined. In this study, we investigated the effect of ethanol on the activity/expression of ASIC1a channels and acidosis-induced neurotoxicity. We showed that acute treatment of neuronal cells with ethanol for more than 3 h could reduce ASIC1a protein expression, ASIC currents, and acid-induced [Ca2+]i elevation. We further demonstrated that ethanol-induced reduction of ASIC1a expression is mediated by autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP)-dependent protein degradation. Finally, we showed that ethanol protected neuronal cells against acidosis-induced cytotoxicity, which effect was mimicked by autophagy activator rapamycin and abolished by autophagy inhibitor CQ. Together, these results indicate that moderate acute ethanol exposure can promote autophagy-lysosome pathway-dependent ASIC1a protein degradation and protect against acidosis-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Peng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30310, USA
| | - Tian-Dong Leng
- Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30310, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30310, USA
| | - Fei-Hu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Xiong
- Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30310, USA.
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Chaker D, Mouawad C, Azar A, Quilliot D, Achkar I, Fajloun Z, Makdissy N. Inhibition of the RhoGTPase Cdc42 by ML141 enhances hepatocyte differentiation from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the Wnt5a/PI3K/miR-122 pathway: impact of the age of the donor. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:167. [PMID: 29921325 PMCID: PMC6009972 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) are promising cells that may promote hepatocyte differentiation (Hep-Dif) and improve liver function, but the involvement of Cdc42, a key small RhoGTPase which plays a crucial role in aging, is still not well established. We hypothesized that the inhibition of Cdc42 may rescue the hepatogenic potential of hADSCs derived from aged donors. Methods hADSCs isolated from 61 women of different ages were cultured for evaluation of the proliferation of cells, adherence, apoptosis, immunomodulation, immunophenotyping, multipotency, gene expression, and cell function during Hep-Dif. Inhibition of Cdc42 by ML141 was realized during two phases: initiation (days –2 to 14 (D–2/14)) from undifferentiated to hepatoblast-like cells, or maturation (days 14 to 28 (D14/28)) from undifferentiated to hepatocyte-like cells. Mechanistic insights of the Wnt(s)/MAPK/PI3K/miR-122 pathways were studied. Results Cdc42 activity in undifferentiated hADSCs showed an age-dependent significant increase in Cdc42-GTP correlated to a decrease in Cdc42GAP; the low potentials of cell proliferation, doubling, adherence, and immunomodulatory ability (proinflammatory over anti-inflammatory) contrary to the apoptotic index of the aged group were significantly reversed by ML141. Aged donor cells showed a decreased potential for Hep-Dif which was rescued by ML141 treatment, giving rise to mature and functional hepatocyte-like cells as assessed by hepatic gene expression, cytochrome activity, urea and albumin production, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake, and glycogen storage. ML141-induced Hep-Dif showed an improvement in mesenchymal-epithelial transition, a switch from Wtn-3a/β-catenin to Wnt5a signaling, involvement of PI3K/PKB but not the MAPK (ERK/JNK/p38) pathway, induction of miR-122 expression, reinforcing the exosomes release and the production of albumin, and epigenetic changes. Inhibition of PI3K and miR-122 abolished completely the effects of ML141 indicating that inhibition of Cdc42 promotes the Hep-Dif through a Wnt5a/PI3K/miR-122/HNF4α/albumin/E-cadherin-positive action. The ML141(D–2/14) protocol had more pronounced effects when compared with ML141(D14/28); inhibition of DNA methylation in combination with ML141(D–2/14) showed more efficacy in rescuing the Hep-Dif of aged hADSCs. In addition to Hep-Dif, the multipotency of aged hADSC-treated ML141 was observed by rescuing the adipocyte and neural differentiation by inducing PPARγ/FABP4 and NeuN/O4 but inhibiting Pref-1 and GFAP, respectively. Conclusion ML141 has the potential to reverse the age-related aberrations in aged stem cells and promotes their hepatogenic differentiation. Selective inhibition of Cdc42 could be a potential target of drug therapy for aging and may give new insights on the improvement of Hep-Dif. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0910-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Chaker
- Lebanese University, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Tripoli, Lebanon.,Reviva Regenerative Medicine Center, Human Genetic Center, Middle East Institute of Health Hospital, Bsalim, Lebanon.,Paris Saclay University, Doctoral School, Therapeutical Innovation, Inserm UMR935, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Albert Azar
- Reviva Regenerative Medicine Center, Human Genetic Center, Middle East Institute of Health Hospital, Bsalim, Lebanon
| | - Didier Quilliot
- Diabetologia-Endocrinology & Nutrition, CHRU Nancy, INSERM 954, University Henri Poincaré de Lorraine, Faculty of Medicine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Ziad Fajloun
- Lebanese University, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Tripoli, Lebanon.,Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences III, Department of Biology, Kobbe, Lebanon
| | - Nehman Makdissy
- Lebanese University, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Tripoli, Lebanon. .,Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences III, Department of Biology, Kobbe, Lebanon.
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Maymó JL, Riedel R, Pérez-Pérez A, Magatti M, Maskin B, Dueñas JL, Parolini O, Sánchez-Margalet V, Varone CL. Proliferation and survival of human amniotic epithelial cells during their hepatic differentiation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191489. [PMID: 29346426 PMCID: PMC5773201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells derived from placental tissues are an attractive source of cells for regenerative medicine. Amniotic epithelial cells isolated from human amnion (hAECs) have desirable and competitive characteristics that make them stand out between other stem cells. They have the ability to differentiate toward all three germ layers, they are not tumorigenic and they have immunosuppressive properties. Although liver transplantation is the best way to treat acute and chronic hepatic failure patients, there are several obstacles. Recently, stem cells have been spotlighted as alternative source of hepatocytes because of their potential for hepatogenic differentiation. In this work, we aimed to study the proliferation and survival of the hAECs during their hepatic differentiation. We have also analyzed the changes in pluripotency and hepatic markers. We differentiated amniotic cells applying a specific hepatic differentiation (HD) protocol. We determined by qRT-PCR that hAECs express significant levels of SOX-2, OCT-4 and NANOG during at least 15 days in culture and these pluripotent markers diminish during HD. SSEA-4 expression was reduced during HD, measured by immunofluorescence. Morphological characteristics became more similar to hepatic ones in differentiated cells and representative hepatic markers significantly augmented their expression, measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cells achieved a differentiation efficiency of 75%. We observed that HD induced proliferation and promoted survival of hAECs, during 30 days in culture, evaluated by 3H-thymidine incorporation and MTT assay. HD also promoted changes in hAECs cell cycle. Cyclin D1 expression increased, while p21 and p53 levels were reduced. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that Ki-67 expression was upregulated during HD. Finally, ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, which is intimately linked to proliferation and cell survival, augmented during all HD process and the inhibition of this signaling pathway affected not only proliferation but also differentiation. Our results suggest that HD promotes proliferation and survival of hAECs, providing important evidence about the mechanisms governing their hepatic differentiation. We bring new knowledge concerning some of the optimal transplantation conditions for these hepatic like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta L. Maymó
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2, 4° piso, (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2, 4° piso, (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - Rodrigo Riedel
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2, 4° piso, (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2, 4° piso, (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Sánchez Pizjuán 4 (41009), Sevilla, España
| | - Marta Magatti
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni- Fondazione Poliambulanza- Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italia
| | - Bernardo Maskin
- Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Luis Dueñas
- Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni- Fondazione Poliambulanza- Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italia
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Sánchez Pizjuán 4 (41009), Sevilla, España
| | - Cecilia L. Varone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2, 4° piso, (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2, 4° piso, (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wu L, Zhang Q, Dai W, Li S, Feng J, Li J, Liu T, Xu S, Wang W, Lu X, Yu Q, Chen K, Xia Y, Lu J, Zhou Y, Fan X, Guo C. Quercetin Pretreatment Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy by Inhibiting ERK/NF- κB Pathway. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:9724217. [PMID: 29123547 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9724217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is a common phenomenon in transplantation or trauma. The aim of the present study was to determine the protective effect of quercetin (QE) on hepatic IR injury via the ERK/NF-κB pathway. Methods Mice were randomized into the sham, IR, QE100 + IR, and QE200 + IR groups. Quercetin was administered intragastrically daily at two doses (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) for 5 days prior to IR injury. The expression levels of liver enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, and other marker proteins were determined at 2, 8, and 24 hours after IR. And they were compared among these groups. Results Compared with the IR group, the treatment of QE reduced the release of cytokines, leading to inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy via downregulation of the ERK/NF-κB pathway in this model of hepatic IR injury. Conclusion Apoptosis and autophagy caused by hepatic IR injury were inhibited by QE following a reduction in the release of inflammatory cytokines, and the relationship between the two may be associated with inactivation of the ERK/NF-κB pathway.
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Li G, Liu J, Wang Y, Yang K, Zhao M, Xiao Y, Wen X, Liu L. LNGFR targets the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promotes the osteogenic differentiation in rat ectomesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11021. [PMID: 28887537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence has shown that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in osteogenic differentiation in various stem cells. However, the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in regulating the osteogenic differentiation of rat ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), which are considered to be the progenitors of dental mesenchymal stem cells, remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that nuclear β-catenin was upregulated during EMSC osteogenic differentiation. The Wnt signalling inhibitor IWR-1-endo inhibited EMSC osteogenic differentiation, while the Wnt signalling agonist SKL2001 promoted it. Moreover, nuclear β-catenin was further upregulated by the overexpression of low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR) during EMSC osteogenic differentiation. Further experiments demonstrated that LNGFR overexpression enhanced EMSC osteogenic differentiation, while LNGFR silencing decreased it. Additionally, IWR-1-endo attenuated LNGFR-enhanced EMSC osteogenic differentiation. Collectively, our data reveal that LNGFR targets the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and positively regulates EMSC osteogenic differentiation, suggesting that Wnt/β-catenin pathway may be involved in the development of teeth and that the targeting Wnt/β-catenin pathway may have great potential for applications in dental tissue engineering regeneration.
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Ulmer TF, Fragoulis A, Dohmeier H, Kroh A, Andert A, Stoppe C, Alizai H, Klink C, Coburn M, Neumann UP. Argon Delays Initiation of Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy in Rats. Eur Surg Res 2017; 58:204-215. [PMID: 28433997 DOI: 10.1159/000466690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver can heal up to restitutio ad integrum following damage resulting from various causes. Different studies have demonstrated the protective effect of argon on various cells and organs. To the best of our knowledge, the organ-protective effects of the noble gas argon on the liver have not yet been investigated, although argon appears to influence signal paths that are well-known mediators of liver regeneration. We hypothesized that argon inhalation prior to partial hepatectomy (70%) has a positive effect on the initiation of liver regeneration in rats. METHODS Partial hepatectomy (70%) with or without inhaled argon (50 vol%) was performed for 1 h. Liver tissue was harvested after 3, 36, and 96 h to analyze the mRNA and protein expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Histological tissue samples were prepared for immunohistochemistry (bromodeoxyuridine [BrdU], Ki-67, and TUNEL) and blood was analyzed regarding the effects of argon on liver function. Statistical analyses were performed using 1-way ANOVA followed by the post hoc Tukey-Kramer test. RESULTS After 3 h, the primary outcome parameter of hepatocyte proliferation was significantly reduced with argon 50 vol% inhalation in comparison to nitrogen inhalation (BrdU: 15.7 ± 9.7 vs. 7.7 ± 3.1 positive cells/1,000 hepatocytes, p = 0.013; Ki-67: 17.6 ± 13.3 vs. 4.7 ± 5.4 positive cells/1,000 hepatocytes, p = 0.006). This was most likely mediated by significant downregulation of HGF (after 3 h: 5.2 ± 3.2 vs. 2.3 ± 1.0 fold, p = 0.032; after 96 h: 2.1 ± 0.5 vs. 1.3 ± 0.3 fold, p = 0.029) and IL-6 (after 3 h: 43.7 ± 39.6 vs. 8.5 ± 9.2 fold, p = 0.032). Nevertheless, we could detect no significant effect on the weight of the residual liver, liver-body weight ratio, or liver blood test results after argon inhalation. CONCLUSION Impairment of liver regeneration was apparent after argon 50 vol% inhalation that was most probably mediated by downregulation of HGF and IL-6 in the initial phase. However, the present study was not adequately powered to prove that argon has detrimental effects on the liver. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of argon on livers with preexisting conditions as well as on ischemia-reperfusion models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Florian Ulmer
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Chen HS, Hsu CY, Chang YC, Chuang HY, Long CY, Hsieh TH, Tsai EM. Benzyl butyl phthalate decreases myogenic differentiation of endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells through miR-137-mediated regulation of PITX2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:186. [PMID: 28298639 PMCID: PMC5428022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalate, an environmental toxin, has been considered as an endocrine-disrupting chemical. Growing evidence has demonstrated links between endocrine-disrupting chemicals, tissue development, and reproductive physiology, but the mechanisms of gene expression regulation by environmental factors that affect cell differentiation are unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) on human endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (EN-MSC) differentiation and identified a novel signaling pathway. Differentiation of endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells decreased after administration of BBP. We analyzed BBP regulation of gene expression in EN-MSC using cDNA microarrays and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software to identify affected target genes and their biological functions. PITX2 emerged as a common gene hit from separate screens targeting skeletal and muscular disorders, cell morphology, and tissue development. BBP decreased transcription of PITX2 and elevated expression of the microRNA miR-137, the predicted upstream negative regulator of PITX2. These data indicated that BBP affects PITX2 expression through miR-137 targeting of the 3' untranslated region of PITX2 mRNA. PITX2 down-regulation also decreased MyoD transcript levels in EN-MSC. Our results demonstrate that BBP decreases EN-MSC myogenic differentiation through up-regulation of miR-137, contribute to our understanding of EN-MSC differentiation, and underline the hazardous potential of environmental hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Sheng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Chuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Novo-Veleiro I, Cieza-Borrella C, Pastor I, Chamorro AJ, Laso FJ, González-Sarmiento R, Marcos M. A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the RASGRF2 Gene Is Associated with Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis in Men. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168685. [PMID: 27992614 PMCID: PMC5167392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic polymorphisms in the RAS gene family are associated with different diseases, which may include alcohol-related disorders. Previous studies showed an association of the allelic variant rs26907 in RASGRF2 gene with higher alcohol intake. Additionally, the rs61764370 polymorphism in the KRAS gene is located in a binding site for the let-7 micro-RNA family, which is potentially involved in alcohol-induced inflammation. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the association between these two polymorphisms and susceptibility to alcoholism or alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Methods We enrolled 301 male alcoholic patients and 156 healthy male volunteers in this study. Polymorphisms were genotyped by using TaqMan® PCR assays for allelic discrimination. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the inheritance model. Results The A allele of the RASGRF2 polymorphism (rs26907) was significantly more prevalent among alcoholic patients with cirrhosis (23.2%) compared to alcoholic patients without ALD (14.2%). This difference remained significant in the group of patients with alcohol dependence (28.8% vs. 14.3%) but not in those with alcohol abuse (15.1% vs. 14.4%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the A allele of this polymorphism (AA or GA genotype) was associated with alcoholic cirrhosis both in the total group of alcoholics (odds ratio [OR]: 2.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32–4.11; P = 0.002) and in the group of patients with alcohol dependence (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.50–6.20; P = 0.001). Allelic distributions of the KRAS polymorphism (rs61764370) did not differ between the groups. Conclusions To our knowledge, this genetic association study represents the first to show an association of the RASGRF2 G>A (rs26907) polymorphism with ALD in men, particularly in the subgroup of patients with AD. The findings suggest the potential relevance of the RAS gene family in alcoholism and ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Novo-Veleiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Clara Cieza-Borrella
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Pastor
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Alcoholism Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio-Javier Chamorro
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Alcoholism Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco-Javier Laso
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Alcoholism Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Alcoholism Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Hwang CJ, Kim YE, Son DJ, Park MH, Choi DY, Park PH, Hellström M, Han SB, Oh KW, Park EK, Hong JT. Parkin deficiency exacerbate ethanol-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration by P38 pathway dependent inhibition of autophagy and mitochondrial function. Redox Biol 2016; 11:456-468. [PMID: 28086194 PMCID: PMC5226672 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Parkin (which encoded by Park2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is the most frequently mutated gene that has casually been linked to autosomal recessive early onset familial PD. We tested the effect of Park2 on ethanol-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Park2 knockout (KO) transgenic mice after chronic ethanol feeding. Male Park2 wild type (WT) and KO mice (8 weeks old) were fed on a Lieber-DeCarli diet containing 6.6% ethanol for 2 weeks, and compared their responses. We found that knockout of Park2 exacerbates ethanol-induced behavioral impairment as well as dopamine depletion. In the mechanism study, we found that knockout of Park2 increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitophagy formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, but decreased expression of pro-autophagic proteins. Knockout of Park2 also increased ethanol-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. In addition, ROS production, mitophagy formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and expression of pro-apoptotic proteins were increased, but expression of pro-autophagic proteins were decreased by a treatment of ethanol (100 μM) in Park2 siRNA-transfacted PC12 cells (5 μM). Moreover, the exacerbating effects of Park2 deletion on ethanol-induced ROS generation, mitophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction as well as cell death were reduced by p38 specific inhibitor (SB203580) in in vitro (10 μM) and in vivo 10 mg/kg). Park2 deficiency exacerbates ethanol-induced dopaminergic neuron damage through p38 kinase dependent inhibition of autophagy and mitochondrial function. EtOH consumption can induce the ROS formation through activation of p38 MAPK. ROS can cause the neurodegeneration through inhibition of the autophagy system. Park2 knock down amplifies EtOH-induced decrement of autophagy. Park2 knock down amplifies EtOH-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Park2 has a neuroprotective effect against ROS mediated damage of neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Ju Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Mats Hellström
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34943, Rep. of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea.
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Haque A, Gheibi P, Stybayeva G, Gao Y, Torok N, Revzin A. Ductular reaction-on-a-chip: Microfluidic co-cultures to study stem cell fate selection during liver injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36077. [PMID: 27796316 DOI: 10.1038/srep36077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver injury modulates local microenvironment, triggering production of signals that instruct stem cell fate choices. In this study, we employed a microfluidic co-culture system to recreate important interactions in the liver stem cell niche, those between adult hepatocytes and liver progenitor cells (LPCs). We demonstrate that pluripotent stem cell-derived LPCs choose hepatic fate when cultured next to healthy hepatocytes but begin biliary differentiation program when co-cultured with injured hepatocytes. We connect this fate selection to skewing in production of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 caused by injury. Significantly, biliary fate selection of LPCs was not observed in the absence of hepatocytes nor did it happen in the presence of TGF-β inhibitors. Our study demonstrates that microfluidic culture systems may offer an interesting new tool for dissecting cellular interactions leading to aberrant stem cell differentiation during injury.
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Ezquer F, Bruna F, Calligaris S, Conget P, Ezquer M. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells: A promising strategy to manage alcoholic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:24-36. [PMID: 26755858 PMCID: PMC4698489 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption is a major cause of liver disease. The term alcoholic liver disease (ALD) refers to a spectrum of mild to severe disorders including steatosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. With limited therapeutic options, stem cell therapy offers significant potential for these patients. In this article, we review the pathophysiologic features of ALD and the therapeutic mechanisms of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), based on their potential to differentiate into hepatocytes, their immunomodulatory properties, their potential to promote residual hepatocyte regeneration, and their capacity to inhibit hepatic stellate cells. The perfect match between ALD pathogenesis and MSC therapeutic mechanisms, together with encouraging, available preclinical data, allow us to support the notion that MSC transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy to manage ALD onset and progression.
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Chen J, Gao W, Zhou P, Ma X, Tschudy-Seney B, Liu C, Zern MA, Liu P, Duan Y. Enhancement of hepatocyte differentiation from human embryonic stem cells by Chinese medicine Fuzhenghuayu. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18841. [PMID: 26733102 DOI: 10.1038/srep18841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese medicine, Fuzhenghuayu (FZHY), appears to prevent fibrosis progression and improve liver function in humans. Here we found that FZHY enhanced hepatocyte differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESC). After treatment with FZHY, albumin expression was consistently increased during differentiation and maturation process, and expression of metabolizing enzymes and transporter were also increased. Importantly, expression of mesenchymal cell and cholangiocyte marker was significantly reduced by treatment with FZHY, indicating that one possible mechanism of FZHY’s role is to inhibit the formation of mesenchymal cells and cholangiocytes. Edu-labelled flow cytometric analysis showed that the percentage of the Edu positive cells was increased in the treated cells. These results indicate that the enhanced proliferation involved hepatocytes rather than another cell type. Our investigations further revealed that these enhancements by FZHY are mediated through activation of canonical Wnt and ERK pathways and inhibition of Notch pathway. Thus, FZHY not only promoted hepatocyte differentiation and maturation, but also enhanced hepatocyte proliferation. These results demonstrate that FZHY appears to represent an excellent therapeutic agent for the treatment of liver fibrosis, and that FZHY treatment can enhance our efforts to generate mature hepatocytes with proliferative capacity for cell-based therapeutics and for pharmacological and toxicological studies.
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Song BJ, Akbar M, Jo I, Hardwick JP, Abdelmegeed MA. Translational Implications of the Alcohol-Metabolizing Enzymes, Including Cytochrome P450-2E1, in Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Liver Disease. Adv Pharmacol 2015; 74:303-72. [PMID: 26233911 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fat accumulation (hepatic steatosis) in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a potentially pathologic condition which can progress to steatohepatitis (inflammation), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and carcinogenesis. Many clinically used drugs or some alternative medicine compounds are also known to cause drug-induced liver injury, which can further lead to fulminant liver failure and acute deaths in extreme cases. During liver disease process, certain cytochromes P450 such as the ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1) and CYP4A isozymes can be induced and/or activated by alcohol and/or high-fat diets and pathophysiological conditions such as fasting, obesity, and diabetes. Activation of these P450 isozymes, involved in the metabolism of ethanol, fatty acids, and various drugs, can produce reactive oxygen/nitrogen species directly and/or indirectly, contributing to oxidative modifications of DNA/RNA, proteins and lipids. In addition, aldehyde dehydrogenases including the mitochondrial low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), responsible for the metabolism of acetaldehyde and lipid aldehydes, can be inactivated by various hepatotoxic agents. These highly reactive acetaldehyde and lipid peroxides, accumulated due to ALDH2 suppression, can interact with cellular macromolecules DNA/RNA, lipids, and proteins, leading to suppression of their normal function, contributing to DNA mutations, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, steatosis, and cell death. In this chapter, we specifically review the roles of the alcohol-metabolizing enzymes including the alcohol dehydrogenase, ALDH2, CYP2E1, and other enzymes in promoting liver disease. We also discuss translational research opportunities with natural and/or synthetic antioxidants, which can prevent or delay the onset of inflammation and liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - James P Hardwick
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology in Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Mohamed A Abdelmegeed
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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