1
|
Yoon S, Lee BK, Kim KP. Caffeine enhances chemosensitivity to irinotecan in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Phytomedicine 2023; 121:155120. [PMID: 37806154 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer. This disease arises from gene mutations and epigenetic alterations that transform colonic epithelial cells into colon adenocarcinoma cells, which display a unique gene expression pattern compared to normal cells. Specifically, CRC cells exhibit significantly higher expression levels of genes involved in DNA repair or replication, which is attributed to the accumulation of DNA breakage resulting from rapid cell cycle progression. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the in vivo effects of caffeine on CRC cells and evaluate its impact on the sensitivity of these cells to irinotecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor widely used for CRC treatment. METHODS Two CRC cell lines, HCT116 and HT29, were treated with irinotecan and caffeine. Western blot analysis assessed protein expression levels in caffeine/irinotecan-treated CRC cells. Immunofluorescence staining determined protein localization, measured DNA breaks, and explored the effects of DNA damage reagents during cell cycle progression and flow cytometry analysis was used to measure cell viability. Fiber assays investigated DNA synthesis in DNA-damaged cells during S-phase, while the comet assay assessed DNA fragmentation caused by DNA breaks. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that the combination of irinotecan and caffeine exhibits a synergistic effect in suppressing CRC cell proliferation and inducing cell death. Compared to treatment with only irinotecan or caffeine, the combined irinotecan and caffeine treatment was more effective in inducing DNA lesions by displacing RAD51 from DNA break sites and inhibiting DNA repair progression, leading to cell cycle arrest. This combination also resulted in more severe effects, including DNA fragmentation and mitotic catastrophe. CONCLUSION Caffeine could enhance the effectiveness of an existing drug for CRC treatment despite having little impact on the cell survival rate of CRC cells. Our findings suggest that the beneficial adjuvant effects of caffeine may not only be applicable to CRC but also to various other types of cancers at different stages of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seobin Yoon
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Bum-Kyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University of Albany-State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Keun Pil Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghosh I, Kwon Y, Shabestari AB, Chikhale R, Chen J, Wiese C, Sung P, De Benedetti A. TLK1-mediated RAD54 phosphorylation spatio-temporally regulates Homologous Recombination Repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:8643-8662. [PMID: 37439356 PMCID: PMC10484734 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental agents like ionizing radiation (IR) and chemotherapeutic drugs can cause severe damage to the DNA, often in the form of double-strand breaks (DSBs). Remaining unrepaired, DSBs can lead to chromosomal rearrangements, and cell death. One major error-free pathway to repair DSBs is homologous recombination repair (HRR). Tousled-like kinase 1 (TLK1), a Ser/Thr kinase that regulates the DNA damage checkpoint, has been found to interact with RAD54, a central DNA translocase in HRR. To determine how TLK1 regulates RAD54, we inhibited or depleted TLK1 and tested how this impacts HRR in human cells using a ISce-I-GR-DsRed fused reporter endonuclease. Our results show that TLK1 phosphorylates RAD54 at three threonines (T41, T59 and T700), two of which are located within its N-terminal domain (NTD) and one is located within its C-terminal domain (CTD). Phosphorylation at both T41 and T59 supports HRR and protects cells from DNA DSB damage. In contrast, phosphorylation of T700 leads to impaired HRR and engenders no protection to cells from cytotoxicity and rather results in repair delay. Further, our work enlightens the effect of RAD54-T700 (RAD54-CTD) phosphorylation by TLK1 in mammalian system and reveals a new site of interaction with RAD51.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana Health Science Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, US2. Texas 78229, USA
| | - Youngho Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Aida Badamchi Shabestari
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Rupesh Chikhale
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Proteomics Core, Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Claudia Wiese
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Arrigo De Benedetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana Health Science Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, US2. Texas 78229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li H, Zhuang H, Gu T, Li G, Jiang Y, Xu S, Zhou Q. RAD54L promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via the homologous recombination repair pathway. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:128. [PMID: 37071224 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01060-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with high incidence worldwide. The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The DNA metabolic process of homologous recombination repair (HRR) has been linked to a high probability of tumorigenesis and drug resistance. This study aimed to determine the role of HRR in HCC and identify critical HRR-related genes that affect tumorigenesis and prognosis. A total of 613 tumor and 252 para-carcinoma tissue samples were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). HRR-related genes were assessed using gene enrichment and pathway analyses. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method in the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis portal. The levels of RAD54L in the HRR pathway were detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting in para-carcinoma and HCC tissues and in L02 normal human liver cells and Huh7 HCC cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on the clinical specimens to determine the connection between gene expression and clinical features. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the HRR pathway was enriched in HCC tissues. Upregulation of HRR pathway DEGs in HCC tissues was positively correlated with tumor pathological staging and negatively associated with patient overall survival. RAD54B, RAD54L, and EME1 genes in the HRR pathway were screened as markers for predicting HCC prognosis. RT-qPCR identified RAD54L as the most significantly expressed of the three genes. Western blotting and IHC quantitative analyses further demonstrated that RAD54L protein levels were higher in HCC tissues. IHC analysis of 39 pairs of HCC and para-carcinoma tissue samples also revealed an association between RAD54L and Edmondson-Steiner grade and the proliferation-related gene Ki67. The collective findings positively correlate RAD54L in the HRR signaling pathway with HCC staging and implicate RAD54L as a marker to predict HCC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haiwen Zhuang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Tengfei Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Lianshui County, Huai'an, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sanrong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park SJ, Yoon S, Choi EH, Hyeon H, Lee K, Kim KP. Elevated expression of exogenous RAD51 enhances the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing efficiency. BMB Rep 2023; 56:102-107. [PMID: 36513383 PMCID: PMC9978361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome editing using CRISPR-associated technology is widely used to modify the genomes rapidly and efficiently on specific DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by Cas9 endonuclease. However, despite swift advance in Cas9 engineering, structural basis of Cas9-recognition and cleavage complex remains unclear. Proper assembly of this complex correlates to effective Cas9 activity, leading to high efficacy of genome editing events. Here, we develop a CRISPR/Cas9-RAD51 plasmid constitutively expressing RAD51, which can bind to singlestranded DNA for DSB repair. We show that the efficiency of CRISPR-mediated genome editing can be significantly improved by expressing RAD51, responsible for DSB repair via homologous recombination (HR), in both gene knock-out and knock-in processes. In cells with CRISPR/Cas9-RAD51 plasmid, expression of the target genes (cohesin SMC3 and GAPDH) was reduced by more than 1.9-fold compared to the CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid for knock-out of genes. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9-RAD51 enhanced the knock-in efficiency of DsRed donor DNA. Thus, the CRISPR/Cas9-RAD51 system is useful for applications requiring precise and efficient genome edits not accessible to HR-deficient cell genome editing and for developing CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout technology. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(2): 102-107].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seo Jung Park
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Seobin Yoon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Eui-Hwan Choi
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea,New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Hana Hyeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Kangseok Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Keun Pil Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea,Corresponding author. Tel: +82-2-820-5792; Fax: +82-2-820-5206; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Park SJ, Yoon S, Choi EH, Hyeon H, Lee K, Kim KP. Elevated expression of exogenous RAD51 enhances the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing efficiency. BMB Rep 2023; 56:102-107. [PMID: 36513383 PMCID: PMC9978361 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome editing using CRISPR-associated technology is widely used to modify the genomes rapidly and efficiently on specific DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by Cas9 endonuclease. However, despite swift advance in Cas9 engineering, structural basis of Cas9-recognition and cleavage complex remains unclear. Proper assembly of this complex correlates to effective Cas9 activity, leading to high efficacy of genome editing events. Here, we develop a CRISPR/Cas9-RAD51 plasmid constitutively expressing RAD51, which can bind to singlestranded DNA for DSB repair. We show that the efficiency of CRISPR-mediated genome editing can be significantly improved by expressing RAD51, responsible for DSB repair via homologous recombination (HR), in both gene knock-out and knock-in processes. In cells with CRISPR/Cas9-RAD51 plasmid, expression of the target genes (cohesin SMC3 and GAPDH) was reduced by more than 1.9-fold compared to the CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid for knock-out of genes. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9-RAD51 enhanced the knock-in efficiency of DsRed donor DNA. Thus, the CRISPR/Cas9-RAD51 system is useful for applications requiring precise and efficient genome edits not accessible to HR-deficient cell genome editing and for developing CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout technology. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(2): 102-107].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seo Jung Park
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Seobin Yoon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Eui-Hwan Choi
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Hana Hyeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Kangseok Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Keun Pil Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Koh YE, Choi EH, Kim JW, Kim KP. The Kleisin Subunits of Cohesin are Involved in the Fate Determination of Embryonic Stem Cells. Mol Cells 2022; 45:820-832. [PMID: 36172976 PMCID: PMC9676991 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a potential candidate to generate an everlasting cell source to treat various diseases, embryonic stem cells are regarded as a promising therapeutic tool in the regenerative medicine field. Cohesin, a multi-functional complex that controls various cellular activities, plays roles not only in organizing chromosome dynamics but also in controlling transcriptional activities related to self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. Here, we report a novel role of the α-kleisin subunits of cohesin (RAD21 and REC8) in the maintenance of the balance between these two stem-cell processes. By knocking down REC8, RAD21, or the non-kleisin cohesin subunit SMC3 in mouse embryonic stem cells, we show that reduction in cohesin level impairs their self-renewal. Interestingly, the transcriptomic analysis revealed that knocking down each cohesin subunit enables the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into specific lineages. Specifically, embryonic stem cells in which cohesin subunit RAD21 were knocked down differentiated into cells expressing neural alongside germline lineage markers. Thus, we conclude that cohesin appears to control the fate determination of embryonic stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Eun Koh
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
- Genexine Inc., Bio Innovation Park, Seoul 07789, Korea
| | - Eui-Hwan Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Jung-Woong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Keun Pil Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maliszewska-Olejniczak K, Kaniowski D, Araszkiewicz M, Tymińska K, Korgul A. Molecular Mechanisms of Specific Cellular DNA Damage Response and Repair Induced by the Mixed Radiation Field During Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:676575. [PMID: 34094980 PMCID: PMC8170402 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.676575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of a mixed neutron-gamma beam on the activation of DNA damage response (DDR) proteins and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is poorly understood. Ionizing radiation is characterized by its biological effectiveness and is related to linear energy transfer (LET). Neutron-gamma mixed beam used in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) can induce another type of DNA damage such as clustered DNA or multiple damaged sites, as indicated for high LET particles, such as alpha particles, carbon ions, and protons. We speculate that after exposure to a mixed radiation field, the repair capacity might reduce, leading to unrepaired complex DNA damage for a long period and may promote genome instability and cell death. This review will focus on the poorly studied impact of neutron-gamma mixed beams with an emphasis on DNA damage and molecular mechanisms of repair. In case of BNCT, it is not clear which repair pathway is involved, and recent experimental work will be presented. Further understanding of BNCT-induced DDR mechanisms may lead to improved therapeutic efficiency against different tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Damian Kaniowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Martyna Araszkiewicz
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Nuclear Facilities Operations Department, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tymińska
- Nuclear Facilities Operations Department, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Background Introgression of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) by successive backcrosses is used to improve elite lines (recurrent parent) by introducing alleles from exotic material (donor parent). In the absence of selection, the proportion of the donor genome decreases by half at each generation. However, since selection is for the donor allele at the QTL, elimination of the donor genome around that QTL will be much slower than in the rest of the genome (i.e. linkage drag). Using markers to monitor the genome around the QTL and in the genetic background can accelerate the return to the recurrent parent genome. Successful introgression of a locus depends partly on the occurrence of crossovers at favorable positions. However, the number of crossovers per generation is limited and their distribution along the genome is heterogeneous. Recently, techniques have been developed to modify these two recombination parameters. Results In this paper, we assess, by simulations in the context of Brassicaceae, the effect of increased recombination on the efficiency of introgression programs by studying the decrease in linkage drag and the recovery of the recurrent genome. The simulated selection schemes begin by two generations of foreground selection and continue with one or more generations of background selection. Our results show that, when the QTL is in a region that initially lacked crossovers, an increase in recombination rate can decrease linkage drag by nearly ten-fold after the foreground selection and improves the return to the recurrent parent. However, if the QTL is in a region that is already rich in crossovers, an increase in recombination rate is detrimental. Conclusions Depending on the recombination rate in the region targeted for introgression, increasing it can be beneficial or detrimental. Thus, the simulations analysed in this paper help us understand how an increase in recombination rate can be beneficial. They also highlight the best methods that can be used to increase recombination rate, depending on the situation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12711-021-00619-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Tourrette
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Matthieu Falque
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Olivier C Martin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Univ. Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France.,Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abeykoon JP, Wu X, Nowakowski KE, Dasari S, Paludo J, Weroha SJ, Hu C, Hou X, Sarkaria JN, Mladek AC, Phillips JL, Feldman AL, Ravindran A, King RL, Boysen J, Stenson MJ, Carr RM, Manske MK, Molina JR, Kapoor P, Parikh SA, Kumar S, Robinson SI, Yu J, Boughey JC, Wang L, Goetz MP, Couch FJ, Patnaik MM, Witzig TE. Salicylates enhance CRM1 inhibitor antitumor activity by induction of S-phase arrest and impairment of DNA-damage repair. Blood 2021; 137:513-523. [PMID: 33507295 PMCID: PMC7845010 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome region maintenance protein 1 (CRM1) mediates protein export from the nucleus and is a new target for anticancer therapeutics. Broader application of KPT-330 (selinexor), a first-in-class CRM1 inhibitor recently approved for relapsed multiple myeloma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, have been limited by substantial toxicity. We discovered that salicylates markedly enhance the antitumor activity of CRM1 inhibitors by extending the mechanisms of action beyond CRM1 inhibition. Using salicylates in combination enables targeting of a range of blood cancers with a much lower dose of selinexor, thereby potentially mitigating prohibitive clinical adverse effects. Choline salicylate (CS) with low-dose KPT-330 (K+CS) had potent, broad activity across high-risk hematological malignancies and solid-organ cancers ex vivo and in vivo. The K+CS combination was not toxic to nonmalignant cells as compared with malignant cells and was safe without inducing toxicity to normal organs in mice. Mechanistically, compared with KPT-330 alone, K+CS suppresses the expression of CRM1, Rad51, and thymidylate synthase proteins, leading to more efficient inhibition of CRM1-mediated nuclear export, impairment of DNA-damage repair, reduced pyrimidine synthesis, cell-cycle arrest in S-phase, and cell apoptosis. Moreover, the addition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors further potentiates the K+CS antitumor effect. K+CS represents a new class of therapy for multiple types of blood cancers and will stimulate future investigations to exploit DNA-damage repair and nucleocytoplasmic transport for cancer therapy in general.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Choline/administration & dosage
- Choline/adverse effects
- Choline/analogs & derivatives
- Choline/pharmacology
- DNA Repair/drug effects
- DNA Replication/drug effects
- DNA, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Combinations
- Drug Synergism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Hydrazines/administration & dosage
- Hydrazines/adverse effects
- Hydrazines/pharmacology
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Phthalazines/administration & dosage
- Phthalazines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/administration & dosage
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Random Allocation
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Salicylates/administration & dosage
- Salicylates/adverse effects
- Salicylates/pharmacology
- Triazoles/administration & dosage
- Triazoles/adverse effects
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Exportin 1 Protein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaosheng Wu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | | | - Jonas Paludo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Chunling Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aishwarya Ravindran
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and
| | - Rebecca L King
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and
| | - Justin Boysen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shaji Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Health Sciences Research
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gong Y, Tian C, Lu S, Gao Y, Wen L, Chen B, Gao H, Zhang H, Zhao J, Wang J. Harmine Combined with Rad54 Knockdown Inhibits the Viability of Echinococcus granulosus by Enhancing DNA Damage. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 40:1-9. [PMID: 33170025 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at exploring the role of EgRad54 and the effect of harmine (HM) or HM derivatives (HMDs) on DNA damage in Echinococcus granulosus. DNA damage in E. granulosus protoscoleces (PSCs) was assessed by using a comet assay, after treatment with HM or HMDs. Efficiency of electroporation-based transfection of PSCs and subsequent EgRad54 knockdown was evaluated by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and fluorescence intensity. Viability of PSCs was determined via eosin exclusion test, and expression of related genes was analyzed via RT-qPCR. HM and HMDs significantly (p < 0.05) increased DNA damage in E. granulosus, and upregulated EgRad54 expression. Compared with HM and HMD-only treatment groups, EgRad54 knockdown combined with HM and HMD treatment further reduced E. granulosus viability. This combined approach resulted in significant (p < 0.05) downregulation of Rad54 and Topo2a expression, and upregulation of ATM expression, whereas H2A and P53 expression was significantly higher compared with control groups. These data show that EgRad54 knockdown, combined with HM or HMD treatment, enhances DNA damage in E. granulosus via upregulation of ATM and H2A, and downregulation of Rad54 and Topo2a, thereby inhibiting E. granulosus growth, and suggest that EgRad54 is a potential therapeutic target for cystic echinococcosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Gong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chunyan Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yi Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Limei Wen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bei Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huijing Gao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schmidt C, Schindele P, Puchta H. From gene editing to genome engineering: restructuring plant chromosomes via CRISPR/Cas. aBIOTECH 2020; 1:21-31. [PMID: 36305002 PMCID: PMC9584095 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-019-00002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, tremendous progress has been achieved in the field of gene editing in plants. By the induction of single site-specific double-strand breaks (DSBs), the knockout of genes by non-homologous end joining has become routine in many plant species. Recently, the efficiency of inducing pre-planned mutations by homologous recombination has also been improved considerably. However, very little effort has been undertaken until now to achieve more complex changes in plant genomes by the simultaneous induction of several DSBs. Several reports have been published on the efficient induction of deletions. However, the induction of intrachromosomal inversions and interchromosomal recombination by the use of CRISPR/Cas has only recently been reported. In this review, we want to sum up these results and put them into context with regards to what is known about natural chromosome rearrangements in plants. Moreover, we review the recent progress in CRISPR/Cas-based mammalian chromosomal rearrangements, which might be inspiring for plant biologists. In the long run, the controlled restructuring of plant genomes should enable us to link or break linkage of traits at will, thus defining a new area of plant breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Schmidt
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 6980, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Patrick Schindele
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 6980, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Holger Puchta
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 6980, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dreissig S, Fuchs J, Himmelbach A, Mascher M, Houben A. Quantification of Recombination Rate and Segregation Distortion by Genotyping and Sequencing of Single Pollen Nuclei. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2061:281-300. [PMID: 31583667 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9818-0_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division during which homologous chromosomes can exchange genetic material through recombination. This mechanism generates novel allelic combinations, which can be exploited by plant breeders to achieve crop improvement. Pollen grains are the haploid products of meiosis required in fertilization. Here, we describe two approaches to measure meiotic recombination in single haploid pollen nuclei. Pollen nuclei are first separated by fluorescence-activated cell-sorting. Afterwards, the DNA of single pollen nuclei can be amplified by multiple-displacement-amplification using Phi29 DNA polymerase and meiotic recombination events can be measured using KASP markers. Alternatively, the PicoPLEX DNA-seq kit can be used to amplify the DNA of single pollen nuclei followed by library preparation for whole-genome sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analysis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Choi EH, Kim KP. E2F1 facilitates DNA break repair by localizing to break sites and enhancing the expression of homologous recombination factors. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-12. [PMID: 31534120 PMCID: PMC6802646 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome is constantly exposed to both endogenous and exogenous stresses, which can lead to errors in DNA replication and the accumulation of DNA mutations, thereby increasing the risk of cancer development. The transcription factor E2F1 is a key regulator of DNA repair. E2F1 also has defined roles in the replication of many cell cycle-related genes and is highly expressed in cancer cells, and its abundance is strongly associated with poor prognosis in cancers. Studies on colon cancer have demonstrated that the depletion of E2F1 leads to reduced levels of homologous recombination (HR), resulting in interrupted DNA replication and the subsequent accumulation of DNA lesions. Our results demonstrate that the depletion of E2F1 also causes reduced RAD51-mediated DNA repair and diminished cell viability resulting from DNA damage. Furthermore, the extent of RAD51 and RPA colocalization is reduced in response to DNA damage; however, RPA single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) nucleofilament formation is not affected following the depletion of E2F1, implying that ssDNA gaps accumulate when RAD51-mediated DNA gap filling or repair is diminished. Surprisingly, we also demonstrate that E2F1 forms foci with RAD51 or RPA at DNA break sites on damaged DNA. These findings provide evidence of a molecular mechanism underlying the E2F1-mediated regulation of HR activity and predict a fundamental shift in the function of E2F1 from regulating cell division to accelerating tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Hwan Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Keun Pil Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mao X, Zhang J, Liu W, Yan S, Liu Q, Fu H, Zhao J, Huang W, Dong J, Zhang S, Yang T, Yang W, Liu B, Wang F. The MKKK62-MKK3-MAPK7/14 module negatively regulates seed dormancy in rice. Rice (N Y) 2019; 12:2. [PMID: 30671680 PMCID: PMC6342742 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed dormancy directly affects the phenotype of pre-harvest sprouting, and ultimately affects the quality and yield of rice seeds. Although many genes controlling seed dormancy have been cloned from cereals, the regulatory mechanisms controlling this process are complex, and much remains unknown. The MAPK cascade is involved in many signal transduction pathways. Recently, MKK3 has been reported to be involved in the regulation of seed dormancy, but its mechanism of action is unclear. RESULTS We found that MKKK62-overexpressing rice lines (OE) lost seed dormancy. Further analyses showed that the abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity of OE lines was decreased. In yeast two-hybrid experiments, MKKK62 interacted with MKK3, and MKK3 interacted with MAPK7 and MAPK14. Knock-out experiments confirmed that MKK3, MAPK7, and MAPK14 were involved in the regulation of seed dormancy. The OE lines showed decreased transcript levels of OsMFT, a homolog of a gene that controls seed dormancy in wheat. The up-regulation of OsMFT in MKK3-knockout lines (OE/mkk3) and MAPK7/14-knockout lines (OE/mapk7/mapk14) indicated that the MKKK62-MKK3-MAPK7/MAPK14 system controlled seed dormancy by regulating the transcription of OsMFT. CONCLUSION Our results showed that MKKK62 negatively controls seed dormancy in rice, and that during the germination stage and the late stage of seed maturation, ABA sensitivity and OsMFT transcription are negatively controlled by MKKK62. Our results have clarified the entire MAPK cascade controlling seed dormancy in rice. Together, these results indicate that protein modification by phosphorylation plays a key role in controlling seed dormancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxue Mao
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Wuge Liu
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Shijuan Yan
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Qing Liu
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Hua Fu
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Junliang Zhao
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Jingfang Dong
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Shaohong Zhang
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Tifeng Yang
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Wu Yang
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Feng Wang
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Choi EH, Yoon S, Park KS, Kim KP. The Homologous Recombination Machinery Orchestrates Post-replication DNA Repair During Self-renewal of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11610. [PMID: 28912486 PMCID: PMC5599617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells require homologous recombination (HR) to cope with genomic instability caused during self-renewal. Here, we report expression dynamics and localization of endogenous HR factors in DNA break repair of ES cells. In addition, we analyzed gene expression patterns of HR-related factors at the transcript level with RNA-sequencing experiments. We showed that ES cells constitutively expressed diverse HR proteins throughout the cell cycle and that HR protein expression was not significantly changed even in the DNA damaging conditions. We further analyzed that depleting Rad51 resulted in the accumulation of larger single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gaps, but did not perturb DNA replication, indicating that ES cells were able to enter the G2-phase in the presence of unrepaired DNA gaps, consistent with the possibility that post-replication repair helps avoid stalling at the G2/M checkpoint. Interestingly, caffeine treatment inhibited the formation of Rad51 or Rad54 foci, but not the formation of γH2AX and Exo1 foci, which led to incomplete HR in ssDNA, thus increasing DNA damage sensitivity. Our results suggested that ES cells possess conserved HR-promoting machinery to ensure effective recruitment of the HR proteins to DNA breaks, thereby driving proper chromosome duplication and cell cycle progression in ES cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Hwan Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Korea
| | - Seobin Yoon
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Korea
| | - Kyung-Soon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun P Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|