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Siddiqui YD, Nie X, Wang S, Abbasi Y, Park L, Fan X, Thumbigere-Math V, Chung MK. Substance P aggravates ligature-induced periodontitis in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1099017. [PMID: 37122730 PMCID: PMC10140340 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1099017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases in humans, affecting over 40% of adult Americans. Pain-sensing nerves, or nociceptors, sense local environmental changes and often contain neuropeptides. Recent studies have suggested that nociceptors magnify host response and regulate bone loss in the periodontium. A subset of nociceptors projected to periodontium contains neuropeptides, such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or substance P (SP). However, the specific roles of neuropeptides from nociceptive neural terminals in periodontitis remain to be determined. In this study, we investigated the roles of neuropeptides on host responses and bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis. Deletion of tachykinin precursor 1 (Tac1), a gene that encodes SP, or treatment of gingiva with SP antagonist significantly reduced bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis, whereas deletion of calcitonin related polypeptide alpha (Calca), a gene that encodes CGRP, showed a marginal role on bone loss. Ligature-induced recruitment of leukocytes, including neutrophils, and increase in cytokines leading to bone loss in periodontium was significantly less in Tac1 knockout mice. Furthermore, intra-gingival injection of SP, but not neurokinin A, induced a vigorous inflammatory response and osteoclast activation in alveolar bone and facilitated bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis. Altogether, our data suggest that SP plays significant roles in regulating host responses and bone resorption in ligature-induced periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Dilshad Siddiqui
- Program in Neuroscience, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuguang Nie
- Program in Neuroscience, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sheng Wang
- Program in Neuroscience, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yasaman Abbasi
- Program in Neuroscience, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lauren Park
- Program in Neuroscience, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Flow Cytometry Shared Service, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vivek Thumbigere-Math
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Man-Kyo Chung
- Program in Neuroscience, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Momen Razmgah M, Ghahremanloo A, Javid H, AlAlikhan A, Afshari AR, Hashemy SI. The effect of substance P and its specific antagonist (aprepitant) on the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, and VEGFR in ovarian cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9307-9314. [PMID: 35960409 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07771-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance P (SP) has a crucial role in cancer initiation and progression via binding to its specific receptor (NK1R). Various evidence confirmed the overexpression of NK1R and SP in the tissue of multiple cancers, including ovarian cancer. Despite numerous studies, the mechanism of the SP/NK1R system on migration and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer cells has not yet been deciphered. In this study, considering the critical factors in cell migration (MMP-2, MMP-9) and angiogenesis (VEGF, VEGFR), we investigated the possible mechanism of this system in inducing migration and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer cells. METHODS AND RESULTS First, the resazurin assay was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of aprepitant (NK1R antagonist) on the viability of A2780 ovarian cancer cells. After that, the impact of this system and aprepitant on the mRNA expression of the factors mentioned above were studied using RT-PCR. Besides, the scratch assay was performed to confirm the effect of the SP/NK-1R system and aprepitant on cell migration. Our results implied that this system induced cell migration and angiogenesis by increasing the mRNA expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, and VEGFR. The obtained results from the scratch assay also confirmed the positive effect of this system on cell migration. Meanwhile, the blocking of NK1R by aprepitant suppresses the SP effects on cell migration and angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the SP/NK1R system plays a vital role in ovarian cancer progression, and the inhibition of NK1Rusing aprepitant could inhibit the spread of ovarian cancer cells through metastasis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Momen Razmgah
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atefeh Ghahremanloo
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Javid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas AlAlikhan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir-R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Abstract
Innovative solutions are needed for the treatment of bacterial infections, and a range of antibacterial molecules have been explored as alternatives to antibiotics. A different approach is to investigate the immune system of the host for new ways of making the antibacterial defence more efficient. However, the immune system has a dual role as protector and cause of disease: in addition to being protective, increasing evidence shows that innate immune responses can become excessive and cause acute symptoms and tissue pathology during infection. This role of innate immunity in disease suggests that the immune system should be targeted therapeutically, to inhibit over-reactivity. The ultimate goal is to develop therapies that selectively attenuate destructive immune response cascades, while augmenting the protective antimicrobial defence but such treatment options have remained underexplored, owing to the molecular proximity of the protective and destructive effects of the immune response. The concept of innate immunomodulation therapy has been developed successfully in urinary tract infections, based on detailed studies of innate immune activation and disease pathogenesis. Effective, disease-specific, immunomodulatory strategies have been developed by targeting specific immune response regulators including key transcription factors. In acute pyelonephritis, targeting interferon regulatory factor 7 using small interfering RNA or treatment with antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin was protective and, in acute cystitis, targeting overactive effector molecules such as IL-1β, MMP7, COX2, cAMP and the pain-sensing receptor NK1R has been successful in vivo. Furthermore, other UTI treatment strategies, such as inhibiting bacterial adhesion and vaccination, have also shown promise. Hyperactivation of innate immunity is a disease determinant in urinary tract infections (UTIs). Modulation of innate immunity has promise as a therapy for UTIs. In this Review, the authors discuss potential mechanisms and immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies in UTIs. Excessive innate immune responses to infection cause symptoms and pathology in acute pyelonephritis and acute cystitis. Innate immunomodulation therapy is, therefore, a realistic option for treating these conditions. Targeting excessive innate immune responses at the level of transcription has been successful in animal models. Innate immunomodulation therapy reduces excessive inflammation and tissue pathology and accelerates bacterial clearance from infected kidneys and bladders in mice. Innate immunomodulation therapy also accelerates the clearance of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Butler
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ines Ambite
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Murphy Lam Yim Wan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thi Hien Tran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Wullt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catharina Svanborg
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Abstract
Background Memory consolidation is a process required for the formation of long-term memories. The G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) neurokinin-3-receptor (Nk3R) and its interactions with sex hormones seem important for the modulation of fear memory consolidation: Nk3R antagonism in male mice impairs fear memory, but enhances it in females. However, the involvement of the Nk3R as a modulator of other memories in both sexes remains unexplored. Methods We use the novel object recognition paradigm to test the effect of a systemic blockade of Nk3R during memory consolidation. Further, we assess the expression of estrogen receptor α, estrogen receptor β, and androgen receptor and heterodimerization with Nk3R in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and dorsal hippocampus (DH) of mice. Results Nk3R systemic antagonism elicited decreased memory consolidation in males while it enhanced it in females during proestrus. Nk3R analysis in the different subregions of the mPFC and the DH showed a higher expression in males than females. Moreover, females presented upregulation of the androgen receptor in the CA1 and the estrogen receptor beta in the cingulate cortex, CA1, and dentate gyrus. Overall, males presented an upregulation of the estrogen receptor alpha. We also explored the heterodimerization of GCPR membrane sex hormone receptors with the Nk3R. We found a higher percentage of Nk3R-membrane G-protein estrogen receptors heterodimers in the prelimbic cortex of the mPFC in females, suggesting an interaction of estradiol with Nk3R in memory consolidation. However, males presented a higher percentage of Nk3R-membrane G-protein androgen receptors heterodimers compared to females, pointing to an interaction of testosterone with Nk3R in memory consolidation. Conclusion These data propose novel ideas on functional interactions between Nk3R, sex hormones, estrogen receptors, and androgen receptors in memory consolidation. Nk3R antagonism reduces recognition memory consolidation in male mice and increases it in proestrus females. Androgen receptor expression is higher in the CA1 compared to DG, CA3, and the mPFC. Estrogen repcetor α expression is higher in males than in females in the DH and mPFC. Estrogen receptor β expression is greater in females than in males in the DG, CA1, and CG. Over 60% of Nk3R in the DH and mPFC is heterodimerized with membrane estrogen receptor and androgen receptor. Nk3R–GPAR is more abundant in males than in proestrus females, whereas Nk3R–GPER is greater in proestrus females compared to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Florido
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona i Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric I Canela
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona i Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raül Andero
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Unitat de Neurociència Translacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació I Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ghahremanloo A, Javid H, Afshari AR, Hashemy SI. Investigation of the Role of Neurokinin-1 Receptor Inhibition Using Aprepitant in the Apoptotic Cell Death through PI3K/Akt/NF- κB Signal Transduction Pathways in Colon Cancer Cells. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:1383878. [PMID: 34395609 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1383878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is recognized as one of the most common malignancies with a high mortality rate worldwide, supporting the necessity for an effective novel antitumor drug to improve current therapy's effectiveness. Substance P (SP) is the essential member of the tachykinins (TKs) family, which binds to the specific receptors, known as neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), exerting its multiple influences such as tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Aprepitant, as a specific NK1R antagonist, is suggested as a novel antitumor agent, promoting apoptotic processes in tumor cells; however, the exact antitumor mechanism of aprepitant on molecular signaling in CRC is not entirely known. Method The resazurin assay was conducted to assess the cytotoxic effects of aprepitant on the viability of the CRC cell line (SW480). The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured after 24-hour treatment with SP and aprepitant. PI/annexin V-FITC staining was conducted to assess apoptosis. Also, the expression of NF-κB antiapoptotic target genes and proapoptotic p53 target genes was measured by real-time- (RT-) PCR assay. Western blotting assay was performed to determine the expression of PI3k/AKT/NF-κB proteins. Results We found that aprepitant stimulates apoptotic cell death and attenuates the PI3K/Akt pathway and its downstream proapoptotic target gene, including NF-κB in SW480 cells. Also, the obtained results from the quantitative RT-PCR assay showed that aprepitant could decrease the level of mRNA of NF-κB antiapoptotic target genes. Conclusion Towards this end, this study suggests that SP/NK1R system plays a vital role in the development of CRC, and pharmaceutical targeting of NK1R using aprepitant might be a promising treatment against CRC.
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Wang N, Wang J, Zhang Y, Hu S, Zhang T, Wu Y, Sun X, Zhang T, Yang S, He L. Substance P-induced lung inflammation in mice is mast cell dependent. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 52:46-58. [PMID: 33999474 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a common inflammatory lung disease and a major health problem worldwide. Mast cells (MCs) play a key role in the early-stage pathophysiology of allergic asthma. Substance P (SP) functions in neurogenic inflammation by activating MCs, and therefore, it may to participate in the occurrence and development of asthma. OBJECTIVE We examined the relationship between SP and lung inflammation, and also whether SP can directly trigger asthma. METHODS We measured the number of peripheral blood eosinophils, neutrophils and basophils and evaluated the levels of IgE and SP in blood samples of 86 individuals with allergic asthma. Serum IgE and SP levels were also determined in 29 healthy individuals. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to different doses of SP, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to count the inflammatory cells. Lung tissues were analysed using histopathological methods to evaluate lung peribronchial inflammation, fibrosis and glycogen deposition. Levels of IgE, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17 and IFN-γ were determined in mouse serum. RESULTS Substance P levels were increased in the serum samples of patients with asthma. SP induced mouse lung peribronchial inflammation, fibrosis and glycogen deposition, with high levels of Th2-related cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 observed in the BALF. Furthermore, low level of total IgE was noted in the serum, and SP had little effect on MC-deficient kitW-sh/W-sh mice. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE Substance P levels increased significantly in serum of asthmatic patients and independently associated with the risk of asthma. Furthermore, SP induced Th2 lung inflammation in mice, which was dependent on MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongjing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiling Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianxiao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuanying Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Langchong He
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Mishra A, Lal G. Neurokinin receptors and their implications in various autoimmune diseases. Current Research in Immunology 2021; 2:66-78. [PMID: 35492389 PMCID: PMC9040085 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurokinin receptors belong to the GPCRs family and are ubiquitously expressed throughout the nervous and immune systems. Neurokinin receptors in coordination with neurokinins playing an important role in many physiological processes, including smooth muscle contraction, secretion, proliferation, and nociception. They also contribute to various disease conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and cancer. Neurokinin receptors antagonist are potent and highly selective and showing success in treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In this review, discuss the various neurokinin receptor expression on immune cells and their importance in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and their therapeutic importance. The Neurokinin receptor is an important regulatory mechanism to control the neuronal and immune systems. Various neurokinin receptors (NK1R, NK2R, and NK3R) are expressed in neurons and cells of the immune system. Substance P (SP) controls the differentiation and function of immune cells. SP-NK1R receptor signaling shows substantial cross-talk between neuronal and immune systems in inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Dorokhov VS, Nelyubina YV, Ioffe SL, Sukhorukov AY. Asymmetric Synthesis of Merck's Potent hNK 1 Antagonist and Its Stereoisomers via Tandem Acylation/[3,3]-Rearrangement of 1,2-Oxazine N-Oxides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11060-11071. [PMID: 32786617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric total synthesis of Merck's hNK1 antagonist and three of its stereoisomers was accomplished in 10 steps. The synthesis involves a stereoselective assembly of 1,2-oxazine N-oxide by the [4 + 2]-cycloaddition, site-selective C-H oxygenation using a novel tandem acylation/[3,3]-rearrangement process and the reductive 1,2-oxazine ring contraction into a pyrrolidine ring as key stages. Using this strategy, the fused pyrrolidine subunit was constructed with exceptionally high regio- and stereoselectivities. The approach described here can be used to access enantiopure 3,4-disubstituted prolinols, which are frequently found in pharmaceutically relevant molecules and organocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin S Dorokhov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yulia V Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Vavilov str. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sema L Ioffe
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu Sukhorukov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny per. 36, Moscow 117997, Russia
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Halik PK, Lipiński PFJ, Matalińska J, Koźmiński P, Misicka A, Gniazdowska E. Radiochemical Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Radioconjugates of Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist Aprepitant Dedicated for NK1R-Positive Tumors. Molecules 2020; 25:E3756. [PMID: 32824729 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aprepitant, a lipophilic and small molecular representative of neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists, is known for its anti-proliferative activity on numerous cancer cell lines that are sensitive to Substance P mitogen action. In the presented research, we developed two novel structural modifications of aprepitant to create aprepitant conjugates with different radionuclide chelators. All of them were radiolabeled with 68Ga and 177Lu radionuclides and evaluated in terms of their lipophilicity and stability in human serum. Furthermore, fully stable conjugates were examined in molecular modelling with a human neurokinin 1 receptor structure and in a competitive radioligand binding assay using rat brain homogenates in comparison to the aprepitant molecule. This initial research is in the conceptual stage to give potential theranostic-like radiopharmaceutical pairs for the imaging and therapy of neurokinin 1 receptor-overexpressing cancers.
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Ebrahimi S, Javid H, Alaei A, Hashemy SI. New insight into the role of substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor system in breast cancer progression and its crosstalk with microRNAs. Clin Genet 2020; 98:322-330. [PMID: 32266968 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide substance P (SP) triggers a variety of tumor-promoting signaling pathways through the activation of neurokinin-1receptor (NK1R), a class of neurokinin G protein-coupled receptors superfamily. Recent researches in our and other laboratories have shown the overexpression of both SP and NK1R in breast cancer (BC) patients. SP/NK1R signaling is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of BC through affecting cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, angiogenesis, and resistance. Therefore, SP/NK1R signaling responses must be rigorously regulated; otherwise, they would contribute to a more aggressive BC phenotype. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) as a specific class of epigenetic regulators have been shown to regulate NK1R and thus, controlling SP/NK1R signaling responses in BC. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of SP/NK1R signaling and its therapeutic potentials in BC. We also provide an overview regarding the effects of miRNA-mediated NK1R regulatory mechanisms in controlling BC tumorigenesis to gain a clearer view and thus better management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hosein Javid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Alaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ramírez-García PD, Retamal JS, Shenoy P, Imlach W, Sykes M, Truong N, Constandil L, Pelissier T, Nowell CJ, Khor SY, Layani LM, Lumb C, Poole DP, Lieu T, Stewart GD, Mai QN, Jensen DD, Latorre R, Scheff NN, Schmidt BL, Quinn JF, Whittaker MR, Veldhuis NA, Davis TP, Bunnett NW. A pH-responsive nanoparticle targets the neurokinin 1 receptor in endosomes to prevent chronic pain. Nat Nanotechnol 2019; 14:1150-1159. [PMID: 31686009 PMCID: PMC7765343 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery is especially useful for targets within endosomes because of the endosomal transport mechanisms of many nanomedicines within cells. Here, we report the design of a pH-responsive, soft polymeric nanoparticle for the targeting of acidified endosomes to precisely inhibit endosomal signalling events leading to chronic pain. In chronic pain, the substance P (SP) neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) redistributes from the plasma membrane to acidified endosomes, where it signals to maintain pain. Therefore, the NK1R in endosomes provides an important target for pain relief. The pH-responsive nanoparticles enter cells by clathrin- and dynamin-dependent endocytosis and accumulate in NK1R-containing endosomes. Following intrathecal injection into rodents, the nanoparticles, containing the FDA-approved NK1R antagonist aprepitant, inhibit SP-induced activation of spinal neurons and thus prevent pain transmission. Treatment with the nanoparticles leads to complete and persistent relief from nociceptive, inflammatory and neuropathic nociception and offers a much-needed non-opioid treatment option for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina D Ramírez-García
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffri S Retamal
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Priyank Shenoy
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wendy Imlach
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Sykes
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nghia Truong
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luis Constandil
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Teresa Pelissier
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Song Y Khor
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louis M Layani
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Lumb
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel P Poole
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - TinaMarie Lieu
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory D Stewart
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Quynh N Mai
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dane D Jensen
- Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York , NY, USA
| | - Rocco Latorre
- Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York , NY, USA
| | - Nicole N Scheff
- Bluestone Centre for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- Bluestone Centre for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - John F Quinn
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael R Whittaker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Veldhuis
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York , NY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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12
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Ge C, Huang H, Huang F, Yang T, Zhang T, Wu H, Zhou H, Chen Q, Shi Y, Sun Y, Liu L, Wang X, Pearson RB, Cao Y, Kang J, Fu C. Neurokinin-1 receptor is an effective target for treating leukemia by inducing oxidative stress through mitochondrial calcium overload. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:19635-19645. [PMID: 31488714 PMCID: PMC6765257 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908998116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance P (SP) regulates multiple biological processes through its high-affinity neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R). While the SP/NK-1R signaling axis is involved in the pathogenesis of solid cancer, the role of this signaling pathway in hematological malignancy remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that NK-1R expression is markedly elevated in the white blood cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients and a panel of human leukemia cell lines. Blocking NK-1R induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo via increase of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. This oxidative stress was triggered by rapid calcium flux from the endoplasmic reticulum into mitochondria and, consequently, impairment of mitochondrial function, a mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of NK-1R antagonists. Besides anticancer activity, blocking NK-1R produces a potent antinociceptive effect in myeloid leukemia-induced bone pain by alleviating inflammation and inducing apoptosis. These findings thus raise the exciting possibility that the NK-1R antagonists, drugs currently used in the clinic for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, may provide a therapeutic option for treating human myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chentao Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Hemiao Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Feiyan Huang
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM, 310006 Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Province People's Hospital, 310014 Hangzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanwei Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangjue Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM, 310006 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Oncology, The People's Liberation Army No. 903rd Hospital, 310013 Hangzhou, China
| | - Richard B Pearson
- Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian Kang
- Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Caiyun Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China;
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13
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Majkowska-Pilip A, Halik PK, Gniazdowska E. The Significance of NK1 Receptor Ligands and Their Application in Targeted Radionuclide Tumour Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E443. [PMID: 31480582 PMCID: PMC6781293 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, our understanding of the Substance P (SP) and neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) system shows intricate relations between human physiology and disease occurrence or progression. Within the oncological field, overexpression of NK1R and this SP/NK1R system have been implicated in cancer cell progression and poor overall prognosis. This review focuses on providing an update on the current state of knowledge around the wide spectrum of NK1R ligands and applications of radioligands as radiopharmaceuticals. In this review, data concerning both the chemical and biological aspects of peptide and nonpeptide ligands as agonists or antagonists in classical and nuclear medicine, are presented and discussed. However, the research presented here is primarily focused on NK1R nonpeptide antagonistic ligands and the potential application of SP/NK1R system in targeted radionuclide tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Majkowska-Pilip
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paweł Krzysztof Halik
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Gniazdowska
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Stassen M, Hartmann AK, Delgado SJ, Dehmel S, Braun A. Mast cells within cellular networks. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:S46-S54. [PMID: 30731122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are highly versatile in terms of their mode of activation by a host of stimuli and their ability to flexibly release a plethora of biologically highly active mediators. Within the immune system, mast cells can best be designated as an active nexus interlinking innate and adaptive immunity. Here we try to draw an arc from initiation of acute inflammatory reactions to microbial pathogens to development of adaptive immunity and allergies. This multifaceted nature of mast cells is made possible by interaction with multiple cell types of immunologic and nonimmunologic origin. Examples for the former include neutrophils, eosinophils, T cells, and professional antigen-presenting cells. These interactions allow mast cells to orchestrate inflammatory innate reactions and complex adaptive immunity, including the pathogenesis of allergies. Important partners of nonimmunologic origin include cells of the sensory neuronal system. The intimate association between mast cells and sensory nerve fibers allows bidirectional communication, leading to neurogenic inflammation. Evidence is accumulating that this mast cell/nerve crosstalk is of pathophysiologic relevance in patients with allergic diseases, such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stassen
- Institute for Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ann-Kathrin Hartmann
- Institute for Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sharon Jiménez Delgado
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH) research network, Member of the Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy (REBIRTH), Hannover, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susann Dehmel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH) research network, Member of the Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy (REBIRTH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH) research network, Member of the Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy (REBIRTH), Hannover, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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15
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Yin J, Chapman K, Clark LD, Shao Z, Borek D, Xu Q, Wang J, Rosenbaum DM. Crystal structure of the human NK 1 tachykinin receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:13264-9. [PMID: 30538204 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812717115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The NK1 tachykinin G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) binds substance P, the first neuropeptide to be discovered in mammals. Through activation of NK1R, substance P modulates a wide variety of physiological and disease processes including nociception, inflammation, and depression. Human NK1R (hNK1R) modulators have shown promise in clinical trials for migraine, depression, and emesis. However, the only currently approved drugs targeting hNK1R are inhibitors for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). To better understand the molecular basis of ligand recognition and selectivity, we solved the crystal structure of hNK1R bound to the inhibitor L760735, a close analog of the drug aprepitant. Our crystal structure reveals the basis for antagonist interaction in the deep and narrow orthosteric pocket of the receptor. We used our structure as a template for computational docking and molecular-dynamics simulations to dissect the energetic importance of binding pocket interactions and model the binding of aprepitant. The structure of hNK1R is a valuable tool in the further development of tachykinin receptor modulators for multiple clinical applications.
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16
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Nizam E, Erin N. Differential consequences of neurokinin receptor 1 and 2 antagonists in metastatic breast carcinoma cells; Effects independent of Substance P. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:263-70. [PMID: 30223097 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The biological action of Substance P (SP) is mediated mainly by NK-1 receptors (NK1R) followed by NK2 receptors (NK2R). Aberrant expression of NK1R and NK2R has been identified in various carcinomas. The role of Substance P and its receptors, especially NK2R in cancer progression is not entirely known and there are conflicting results in the literature demonstrating the need for further investigation. In the current study, we examined the effects of SP and antagonists selective for the NK1R and NK2R in breast carcinoma cells metastasize to vital organs. METHODS The effects of highly potent and selective non-peptide mouse NK1R and NK2R antagonists RP 67,580 and GR 159897, respectively, as well as SP and SP methyl ester, on both metastatic (4THM, 4TBM, 4TLM, 4T1) and non-metastatic (67NR) breast cancer cells were determined. RESULTS NK1R and NK2R were over expressed in metastatic breast cells compared to non-metastatic cells. The NK1R antagonist at a 30 μM dose inhibited cell growth and induced cell death in metastatic cells while enhancing phosphorylation of Akt, the latter response not observed in the non-metastatic 67NR cells. Blocking the action of SP at the NK2R (30 μM antagonist) suppressed cellular proliferation in all the cell lines examined, with a response less prominent than that of the NK1R antagonist. Differently, the NK2R antagonist increased phosphorylation of p38 and enhanced MIP-2 secretion. SP and the SP methyl ester neither altered cell proliferation nor the effects of NK1R and NK2R antagonists in the metastatic cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Increased sensitivity of metastatic breast carcinoma cells to NK1R and NK2R antagonists suggest potential therapeutic value of antagonists in metastatic disease. NK1R and NK2R in metastatic breast carcinoma cells react differently to agonists and antagonists. These findings together with previously published data demonstrate that differential consequences of receptor antagonists and SP may inhibit breast cancer growth and metastasis.
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17
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Spitsin S, Pappa V, Douglas SD. Truncation of neurokinin-1 receptor-Negative regulation of substance P signaling. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:1043-1051. [PMID: 29345372 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0817-348r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance P (SP) is a tachykinin peptide, which triggers intracellular signaling in the nervous and immune systems, as well as, other local and systemic events. The interaction between SP and its receptor, neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), results in major downstream cellular actions, which include changes in calcium fluxes, ERK, and p21-activated kinase phosphorylation and NFκB activation. Two naturally occurring variants of the NK1R, the full-length, 407 aa receptor (NK1R-F) and the truncated, 311 aa isoform (NK1R-T), mediate the actions of SP. Receptor truncation partially disrupts signaling motifs of the carboxyl tail, a critical site for mediating NK1R signaling, resulting in a "less-efficient" receptor. Although NK1R-F is the predominant isoform in the central and peripheral nervous systems, NK1R-T is expressed in several tissues and cells, which include monocytes, NK cells, and T-cells. The SP binding domain is not affected by truncation and this site is identical in both NK1R receptor isoforms. However, while cells expressing NK1R-F respond to nanomolar concentrations of SP, monocyte and macrophage activation, mediated through NK1R-T, requires micromolar concentrations of SP in order to elicit signaling responses. Elevated plasma levels of SP are associated with increased inflammatory responses and NK1R antagonists reduce inflammation and cytokine production in vivo. This mini review presents and discusses the novel hypothesis that the expression of NK1R-T on immune system cells prevents immune activation in a milieu, which usually contains low concentrations of SP and, thus, maintains immune homeostasis. In contrast, in the activated neuronal microenvironment, when SP levels reach the threshold at tissue sites, SP promotes immune activation and modulates monocyte/macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Spitsin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven D Douglas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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18
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Tack J, Schumacher K, Tonini G, Scartoni S, Capriati A, Maggi CA. The neurokinin-2 receptor antagonist ibodutant improves overall symptoms, abdominal pain and stool pattern in female patients in a phase II study of diarrhoea-predominant IBS. Gut 2017; 66:1403-1413. [PMID: 27196574 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tachykinins have been implicated in the pathophysiology of IBS with diarrhoea (IBS-D). Our aim was to study the efficacy and safety of ibodutant, a selective neurokinin-2 (NK2) receptor antagonist, in patients with IBS-D. METHODS This multinational double-blind, placebo-controlled study recruited 559 patients with IBS-D according to Rome III criteria. After a 2-week treatment-free run-in, patients were randomised to ibodutant 1 mg, 3 mg, 10 mg or placebo once daily for eight consecutive weeks. Responders were those with a combined response of satisfactory relief (weekly binary question yes/no) of overall IBS symptoms and abdominal pain/discomfort on ≥75% weeks (primary end point). Secondary end points included abdominal pain and stool pattern. Data were also analysed according to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved interim end points (improvement of pain and stool consistency). Safety was assessed by monitoring adverse events and laboratory tests. Prespecified statistical analysis involved the whole group as well as gender subgroups. RESULTS Demographics and baseline characteristics were comparable for all treatment arms. In the overall population, responsiveness tended to increase with escalating ibodutant doses. In the prespecified analysis by gender, ibodutant 10 mg demonstrated significant superiority over placebo in females (p=0.003), while no significant effect occurred in males. This was confirmed for secondary end points and for the responder analysis according to FDA-approved end points. The tolerability and safety of ibodutant was excellent at all doses. CONCLUSIONS Ibodutant showed dose-dependent efficacy response in IBS-D, reaching statistical significance at the 10 mg dose in female patients. The safety and tolerability profile of ibodutant was similar to placebo. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01303224.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Schumacher
- Menarini Research & Business Service GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Tonini
- Menarini Ricerche S.p.A, Florence, Italy
| | - S Scartoni
- Menarini Ricerche S.p.A, Florence, Italy
| | - A Capriati
- Menarini Ricerche S.p.A, Florence, Italy
| | - C A Maggi
- Menarini Ricerche S.p.A, Florence, Italy
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19
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Ali H. Emerging Roles for MAS-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor-X2 in Host Defense Peptide, Opioid, and Neuropeptide-Mediated Inflammatory Reactions. Adv Immunol 2017; 136:123-162. [PMID: 28950944 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-resident immune cells that contribute to host defense but are best known for their roles in allergic and inflammatory diseases. In humans, MCs are divided into two subtypes based on the protease content of their secretory granules. Thus, human lung MCs contain only tryptase and are known as MCT, whereas skin MCs contain both tryptase and chymase and are known as MCTC. Patients with severe asthma display elevated MCs in the lung, which undergo phenotypic change from MCT to MCTC. Although the human genome contains four Mas related G protein coupled receptor X (MRGPRX) genes, an important feature of MCTC is that they selectively express MRGPRX2. It is activated by antimicrobial host defense peptides such as human β-defensins and the cathelicidin LL-37 and likely contributes to host defense. MRGPRX2 is also a receptor for the neuropeptide substance P, major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, opioids, and many FDA-approved cationic drugs. Increased expression of MRGPRX2 or enhanced downstream signaling likely contributes to chronic inflammatory diseases such as rosacea, atopic dermatitis, chronic urticaria, and severe asthma. In this chapter, I will discuss the expression profile and function of MRGPRX1-4 and review the emerging roles of MRGPRX2 on host defense, chronic inflammatory diseases, and drug-induced pseudoallergic reactions. I will also examine the novel aspects of MRGPRX2 signaling in MCs as it related to degranulation and review the mechanisms of its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hydar Ali
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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20
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Johnson MB, Young AD, Marriott I. The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Substance P/NK-1R Interactions in Inflammatory CNS Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 10:296. [PMID: 28101005 PMCID: PMC5209380 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory responses of resident central nervous system (CNS) cells are now known to play a critical role in the initiation and progression of an array of infectious and sterile neuroinflammatory disorders such as meningitis, encephalitis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis (MS). Regulating glial inflammatory responses in a timely manner is therefore critical in preserving normal CNS functions. The neuropeptide substance P is produced at high levels within the CNS and its selective receptor, the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R), is abundantly expressed by neurons and is present on glial cell types including microglia and astrocytes. In addition to its functions as a neurotransmitter in the perception of pain and its essential role in gut motility, this tachykinin is widely recognized to exacerbate inflammation at peripheral sites including the skin, gastrointestinal tract and the lungs. Recently, a number of studies have identified a role for substance P and NK-1R interactions in neuroinflammation and described the ability of this neuropeptide to alter the immune functions of activated microglia and astrocytes. In this review article, we describe the expression of substance P and its receptor by resident CNS cells, and we discuss the ability of this neuropeptide to exacerbate the inflammatory responses of glia and immune cells that are recruited to the brain during neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we discuss the available data indicating that the NK-1R-mediated augmentation of such responses appears to be detrimental during microbial infection and some sterile neurodegenerative disorders, and propose the repurposed use of NK-1R antagonists, of a type that are currently approved as anti-emetic and anti-anxiolytic agents, as an adjunct therapy to ameliorate the inflammatory CNS damage in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brittany Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Ada D Young
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Ian Marriott
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte, NC, USA
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21
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Azimi E, Reddy VB, Shade KTC, Anthony RM, Talbot S, Pereira PJS, Lerner EA. Dual action of neurokinin-1 antagonists on Mas-related GPCRs. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e89362. [PMID: 27734033 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge of translating findings from animal models to the clinic is well known. An example of this challenge is the striking effectiveness of neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) antagonists in mouse models of inflammation coupled with their equally striking failure in clinical investigations in humans. Here, we provide an explanation for this dichotomy: Mas-related GPCRs (Mrgprs) mediate some aspects of inflammation that had been considered mediated by NK-1R. In support of this explanation, we show that conventional NK-1R antagonists have off-target activity on the mouse receptor MrgprB2 but not on the homologous human receptor MRGPRX2. An unrelated tripeptide NK-1R antagonist has dual activity on MRGPRX2. This tripeptide both suppresses itch in mice and inhibits degranulation from the LAD-2 human mast cell line elicited by basic secretagogue activation of MRGPRX2. Antagonists of Mrgprs may fill the void left by the failure of NK-1R antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Azimi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, and
| | - Vemuri B Reddy
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, and
| | - Kai-Ting C Shade
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert M Anthony
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paula Juliana Seadi Pereira
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, and.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ethan A Lerner
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, and
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Bayati S, Bashash D, Ahmadian S, Safaroghli-Azar A, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A, Ghaffari SH. Inhibition of tachykinin NK 1 receptor using aprepitant induces apoptotic cell death and G1 arrest through Akt/p53 axis in pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:274-283. [PMID: 27609608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing number of genetic and cancer biology studies indicated a prominent role for tachykinin NK1 receptor (NK1R) in cancer cell growth and survival. Considering the fact that neoplastic lymphoid precursors in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) carry a three- to four-fold NK1R expression as compared to normal lymphocytes, using NK1R antagonist seems to be noteworthy in the treatment of ALL patients. In this study, we found that inhibition of NK1R with aprepitant, a selective high-affinity antagonist of the human NK1R, exerts cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects against pre-B ALL-derived Nalm-6 cells either as single drug or in combination with doxorubicin. Our data showed that treatment of the cells with the inhibitor resulted in apoptotic cell death, at least partly, through abrogation of PI3K/Akt pathway, as revealed by the reduction of phospho/total Akt ratio. In agreement with the inhibitory effect on Akt, we also found that aprepitant increased the expression level of p21 and p27, which in turn leads to the induction of G1 cell cycle arrest. Overall, this study recommends mechanistic pathways by which inhibition of NK1R can augment apoptotic cell death through a plausible p53-dependent pathway rather than NF-κB-depended mechanism in pre-B ALL cells; however, further studies are needed to better characterize the application of NK1R inhibition in clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Bayati
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran; Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Alimoghaddam
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
The physiologic similarities between itch and nausea may not be evident initially, but they share the role of repelling irritants and toxins from the body by inducting scratching and vomiting, respectively. In addition, itch and nausea frequently occur together in certain conditions such as uraemia. Here we show that the mechanisms underlying itch and nausea overlap and that advances in either field may influence the identification of novel drug targets, particularly for itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattar Ostadhadi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Azimi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ethan A Lerner
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ahmad-Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhou Y, Wang J, Gu Z, Wang S, Zhu W, Aceña JL, Soloshonok VA, Izawa K, Liu H. Next Generation of Fluorine-Containing Pharmaceuticals, Compounds Currently in Phase II-III Clinical Trials of Major Pharmaceutical Companies: New Structural Trends and Therapeutic Areas. Chem Rev 2016; 116:422-518. [PMID: 26756377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1736] [Impact Index Per Article: 217.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhanni Gu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - José Luis Aceña
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Autónoma University of Madrid , Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Kunisuke Izawa
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan 533-0024
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Corsetti M, Akyuz F, Tack J. Targeting tachykinin receptors for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders with a focus on irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1354-70. [PMID: 26088804 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tachykinins (TKs) are a family of endogenous peptides widely expressed in the central and in the peripheral nervous systems as well as in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They act as full agonists at three different membrane receptors neurokinin (NK) 1, NK2, and NK3, which are G protein-coupled receptors and in the GI tract are expressed both on neurons and effector cells. PURPOSE This article reviews the literature concerning the role of TKs in the GI tract function in physiological and pathological conditions and their potential relevance in the treatment of functional GI disorders with particular reference to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The efficacy of NK1 antagonists in chemotherapy-induced and postoperative nausea and vomiting is well established. While pharmacodynamic studies have reported conflicting and negative results concerning the effects of NK1 and of NK3 antagonists, respectively, on the GI tract function in humans, clinical studies applying the NK3 antagonist talnetant in IBS-D were negative. Pharmacodynamic studies applying NK2 antagonists have suggested a role for antagonism of NK2 receptors in modulation of GI chemical-induced altered motility and of stress-induced altered bowel habits. Clinical studies and in particular a recently completed Phase 2 study have reported that the NK2 antagonist ibodutant is effective and safe in treating symptoms of D-IBS, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Corsetti
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Akyuz
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Li L, Zhao L, Wang Y, Ma KT, Shi WY, Wang YZ, Si JQ. PKCɛ mediates substance P inhibition of GABAA receptors-mediated current in rat dorsal root ganglion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:1-9. [PMID: 25673185 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the modulatory effect of substance P (SP) on GABA-activated response in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons was investigated. In freshly dissociated rat DRG neurons, whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record GABA-activated current and sharp electrode intracellular recording technique was used to record GABA-induced membrane depolarization. Application of GABA (1-1000 μmol/L) induced an inward current in a concentration-dependent manner in 114 out of 127 DRG neurons (89.8 %) examined with whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Bath application of GABA (1-1000 μmol/L) evoked a depolarizing response in 236 out of 257 (91.8%) DRG neurons examined with intracellular recordings. Application of SP (0.001-1 μmol/L) suppressed the GABA-activated inward current and membrane depolarization. The inhibitory effects were concentration-dependent and could be blocked by the selective neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors antagonist spantide but not by L659187 and SR142801 (1 μmol/L, n=7), selective antagonists of NK2 and NK3. The inhibitory effect of SP was significantly reduced by the calcium chelator BAPTA-AM, phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122, and PKC inhibitor chelerythrine, respectively. The PKA inhibitor H-89 did not affect the SP effect. Remarkably, the inhibitory effect of SP on GABA-activated current was nearly completely removed by a selective PKCε inhibitor epilon-V1-2 but not by safingol and LY333531, selective inhibitors of PKCα and PKCβ. Our results suggest that NK1 receptor mediates SP-induced inhibition of GABA-activated current and membrane depolarization by activating intracellular PLC-Ca²⁺-PKCε cascade. SP might regulate the excitability of peripheral nociceptors through inhibition of the "pre-synaptic inhibition" evoked by GABA, which may explain its role in pain and neurogenic inflammation.
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Malherbe P, Knoflach F, Marcuz A, Bohnert C, Weber M, Knust H, Ratni H, Spooren W, Ballard TM, Bissantz C. Mapping the binding pocket of a novel, high-affinity, slow dissociating tachykinin NK3 receptor antagonist: biochemical and electrophysiological characterization. Neuropharmacology 2014; 86:259-72. [PMID: 25107588 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The NK3 receptor is a GPCR that is prominently expressed in limbic areas of the brain, many of which have been implicated in schizophrenia. Phase II clinical trials in schizophrenia with two selective NK3 antagonists (osanetant and talnetant) have demonstrated significant improvement in positive symptoms. The objective of this study was to characterize the properties of a novel dual NK2/NK3 antagonist, RO5328673. [(3)H]RO5328673 bound to a single saturable site on hNK2, hNK3 and gpNK3 with high-affinity. RO5328673 acted as an insurmountable antagonist at both human and guinea-pig NK3 receptors in the [(3)H]IP accumulation assay. In binding kinetic analyses, [(3)H]RO5328673 had fast association and dissociation rates at hNK2 while it had a fast association rate and a remarkably slow dissociation rate at gp and hNK3. In electrophysiological recordings of gp SNpc, RO5328673 inhibited the senktide-induced potentiation of spontaneous activity of dopaminergic neurons with an insurmountable mechanism of action. RO5328673 exhibited in-vivo activity in gerbils, robustly reversing the senktide-induced locomotor activity. The TM2 residue gpNK3-A114(2.58) (threonine in all other species) was identified as the critical residue for the RO5328673's slower dissociation kinetics and stronger insurmountable mode of antagonism in the guinea-pig as compared to hNK3-T139(2.58). Using site-directed mutagenesis, [(3)H]RO5328673 binding and rhodopsin-based modeling, the important molecular determinants of the RO5328673-binding pocket of hNK3 were determined. A comparison of the RO5328673-binding pocket with that of osanetant showed that two antagonists have similar contact sides on hNK3 binding crevice except for three mutations V95L(1.42), Y247W(5.38), V255I(5.46), which behaved differently between interacting modes of two antagonists in hNK3.
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Abstract
Stress can trigger drug-seeking behavior, increase self-administration rates, and enhance drug reward. A number of stress-related neuropeptides have been shown to mediate these behavioral processes. The most studied peptide in this category is corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which has been shown to mediate stress-induced reinstatement of drug seeking, escalated self-administration, and drug withdrawal, but it does not seem to be involved in baseline drug self-administration or cue-induced reinstatement. This pattern of effects holds for many classes of drugs, including alcohol, opiates, and psychostimulants. The neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) is the preferred receptor for the endogenous stress-related neuropeptide substance P (SP). The SP/NK1R system is a major mediator of stress and anxiety, and over the last several years, it has been demonstrated that the SP/NK1R system can have effects similar to those of CRH on drug taking and drug seeking. Specifically, NK1R inhibition attenuates escalated self-administration of alcohol as well as stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol and cocaine seeking; however, in contrast to other stress systems, the NK1R also appears to have a role in primary reward and reinforcement for opiates. This review outlines the role of NK1R in drug-seeking behaviors and highlights recent results from clinical studies that suggest that the NK1R may be a promising drug target going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R Schank
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Millan MJ. On 'polypharmacy' and multi-target agents, complementary strategies for improving the treatment of depression: a comparative appraisal. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:1009-37. [PMID: 23719026 DOI: 10.1017/S1461145712001496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression is a heterogeneous disorder, both in terms of symptoms, ranging from anhedonia to cognitive impairment, and in terms of pathogenesis, with many interacting genetic, epigenetic, developmental and environmental causes. Accordingly, it seems unlikely that depressive states could be fully controlled by a drug possessing one discrete mechanism of action and, in the wake of disappointing results with several classes of highly selective agent, multi-modal treatment concepts are attracting attention. As concerns pharmacotherapy, there are essentially two core strategies. First, multi-target antidepressants that act via two or more complementary mechanisms and, second, polypharmacy, which refers to co-administration of two distinct drugs, usually in separate pills. Both multi-target agents and polypharmacy ideally couple a therapeutically unexploited action to a clinically established mechanism in order to enhance efficacy, moderate side-effects, accelerate onset of action and treat a broader range of symptoms. The melatonin MT1/MT2 agonist and 5-HT(2C) antagonist, agomelatine, which is effective in the short- and long-term treatment of depression, exemplifies the former approach, while evidence-based polypharmacy is illustrated by the adjunctive use of second-generation antipsychotics with serotonin reuptake inhibitors for treatment of resistant depression. Histone acetylation and methylation, ghrelin signalling, inflammatory modulators, metabotropic glutamate-7 receptors and trace amine-associated-1 receptors comprise attractive substrates for new multi-target and polypharmaceutical strategies. The present article outlines the rationale underpinning multi-modal approaches for treating depression, and critically compares and contrasts the pros and cons of established and potentially novel multi-target vs. polypharmaceutical treatments. On balance, the former appear the most promising for the elaboration, development and clinical implementation of innovative concepts for the more effective management of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Guo
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research; Leiden University; P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Julia M. Hillger
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research; Leiden University; P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P. IJzerman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research; Leiden University; P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Laura H. Heitman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research; Leiden University; P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden the Netherlands
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Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome is a prevalent and chronic disorder, characterized by recurrent abdominal pain/discomfort, bloating and altered bowel habits. This condition affects an estimated 10-15% of the population worldwide and impacts heavily on a patient's daily life and ability to work, as well as healthcare resource utilization. Drug therapy aimed at correcting the primary symptoms of diarrhea/constipation/bloating may have little effect on abdominal pain, which results from visceral hypersensitivity. Smooth muscle relaxants or antispasmodics decrease the tone and contractility of intestinal smooth muscle, effectively managing abdominal pain. Otilonium bromide has been widely used worldwide and has been found to be safe and well tolerated, and superior to placebo for the reduction of symptoms and the prevention of symptom relapse in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Boeckxstaens
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Hanessian S, Babonneau V, Boyer N, Mannoury la Cour C, Millan MJ, De Nanteuil G. Design and synthesis of potential dual NK(1)/NK(3) receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 24:510-4. [PMID: 24374277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The tachykinin NK1 and NK3 receptors are a novel drug target for schizophrenia in order to treat not only the positive and cognitive symptoms, but also the associated co-morbid depression and sleep disturbances associated with the disease. A novel class of peptidomimetic derivatives based on a versatile phenylglycine central core was synthesized and tested in vitro as dual NK1/NK3 receptor antagonists. From this series emerged compounds with good NK1 receptor affinity, although only modest dual NK1/NK3 receptor affinity was observed with one of these analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Que. H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Vincent Babonneau
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Que. H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Nicolas Boyer
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Que. H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Clotilde Mannoury la Cour
- Department of Psychopharmacology, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy/Seine, France
| | - Mark J Millan
- Department of Psychopharmacology, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy/Seine, France
| | - Guillaume De Nanteuil
- Neuroscience Chemistry Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
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Ang D, Pauwels A, Akyuz F, Vos R, Tack J. Influence of a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (aprepitant) on gastric sensorimotor function in healthy volunteers. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:e830-8. [PMID: 23991829 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance P (SP) is a member of the neurokinin (NK) family and is one of the established neurotransmitters in the mammalian central and enteric nervous system. It is unclear whether NK1 receptors are involved in the control of gastric sensorimotor function in man. METHODS We studied the effects of aprepitant, an NK1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced emesis, on gastric sensorimotor function in healthy volunteers. Sixteen healthy volunteers (six males, 32.4 ± 2.7 years) were studied on three separate occasions after placebo, aprepitant 80 or 125 mg in randomized double-blind study to assess gastric compliance, perception to isobaric distensions, and gastric accommodation with a gastric barostat. KEY RESULTS Compared to placebo, both doses of aprepitant did not influence gastric compliance or sensitivity to gastric distension. Aprepitant 80 and 125 mg did not have any significant effects on gastric accommodation compared with placebo (mean postprandial gastric volume increase, respectively, 83.4 ± 28.4 vs 35.3 ± 16.2 vs 83.9 ± 30.4 mL, NS). Postprandial gastric compliance and sensitivity to distention were also not altered. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES In health, NK1 receptors do not appear to be involved in the control of gastric compliance, accommodation or sensitivity to distention in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ang
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Muñoz M, Berger M, Rosso M, Gonzalez-Ortega A, Carranza A, Coveñas R. Antitumor activity of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists in MG-63 human osteosarcoma xenografts. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:137-46. [PMID: 24190675 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Aprepitant is a selective high‑affinity antagonist of the human neurokinin‑1 (NK‑1) receptor (NK1R) with robust antitumor activity. No data exist on the presence of NK1R in osteosarcoma and whether this tumor responds to NK1R antagonists. Here, we analyzed the expression of NK1R in the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 with western blot analysis and PCR and found significant expression both at the protein and mRNA levels. We further studied the growth inhibitory capacity of aprepitant and other NK1R antagonists on MG-63 in vitro using an MTS cytotoxicity assay and DAPI staining. All antagonists induced tumor growth inhibition and apoptosis. Synergism was observed for the combination of L-733,060 with common cytostatic drugs in MG-63, but not in non-malignant HEK293 cells. Pretreatment of HEK293 with L-733,060 prior to exposure to cytostatic drugs partially protected HEK293 cells from inhibition by these drugs. Furthermore, nanomolar concentrations of substance P (SP), the natural ligand of the NK1R, increased the growth rate of MG‑63 cells and micromolar concentrations of aprepitant inhibited SP-induced growth in a dose‑dependent manner. In vivo, a xenograft for MG-63 was created in nude mice and treated with peritumoral s.c. injections of fosaprepitant, which resulted in a significant reduction of tumor volume. Collectively, we demonstrated for the first time that the NK1R is expressed in human osteosarcoma cell line MG‑63 and that this receptor can be targeted with NK1R antagonists both in vitro as well as in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Muñoz
- Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Research Laboratory on Neuropeptides, Seville, Spain
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Schwartz TL, Goradia V. Managing insomnia: an overview of insomnia and pharmacologic treatment strategies in use and on the horizon. Drugs Context 2013; 2013:212257. [PMID: 24432044 PMCID: PMC3884958 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review explores basic sleep physiology, the mechanism of action for each class of hypnotic agents, their clinical application based on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic factors, and potential pharmacologic sleep-inducing mechanisms of future hypnotics. The paper challenges the reader to understand the neuroscientific basis of insomnia and use this knowledge to guide prescription of hypnotic agents. Currently indicated hypnotic agents are discussed with regard to their mechanism of drug action and clinical application. A broader discussion is developed throughout this paper regarding other non-indicated agents that may improve sleep and describing newer pharmacological treatments that may become available in the future for use in sleep disorders and their comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Schwartz
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Psychiatry Department, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Viral Goradia
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Psychiatry Department, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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te Beek ET, Hay JL, Bullman JN, Burgess C, Nahon KJ, Klaassen ES, Gray FA, van Gerven JMA. Pharmacokinetics and central nervous system effects of the novel dual NK1 /NK3 receptor antagonist GSK1144814 in alcohol-intoxicated volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 75:1328-39. [PMID: 23067311 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Antagonism of both NK1 and NK3 receptors may be an effective strategy in the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia, drug addiction or depression. GSK1144814 is a novel selective dual NK1 /NK3 receptor antagonist. The potential influence of GSK1144814 on the effects of alcohol was investigated. METHODS In a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, two period crossover study, the pharmacokinetics and central nervous system (CNS) effects of single oral doses of 200 mg GSK1144814 were evaluated in 20 healthy volunteers, using a controlled alcohol infusion paradigm to maintain stable alcohol concentrations with subsequent analysis of eye movements, adaptive tracking, body sway, visual analogue scales, Epworth sleepiness scale and the verbal visual learning test. RESULTS Frequent adverse effects were mild somnolence, fatigue and headache. Plasma concentration of GSK1144814 in the presence of alcohol was maximal 1.5 h after dose administration. GSK1144814 did not affect alcohol pharmacokinetics. Co-administration of GSK1144814 and alcohol impaired saccadic reaction time and peak velocity, adaptive tracking, alertness, sleepiness, word recognition and recognition reaction time compared with administration of alcohol alone, but the size of the interaction was small. CONCLUSIONS Administration of GSK1144814 in the presence of alcohol was generally well tolerated and not likely to produce clinically relevant additional impairments after alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T te Beek
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Santicioli P, Meini S, Giuliani S, Catalani C, Bechi P, Riccadonna S, Ringressi MN, Maggi CA. Characterization of ibodutant at NK2 receptor in human colon. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 702:32-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Addictive disorders are chronic, relapsing conditions that cause extensive disease burden. Genetic factors partly account for susceptibility to addiction, but environmental factors such as stressful experiences and prolonged exposure of the brain to addictive drugs promote its development. Progression to addiction involves neuroadaptations within neurocircuitry that mediates stress responses and is influenced by several peptidergic neuromodulators. While corticotrophin releasing factor is the prototypic member of this class, recent work has identified several additional stress-related neuropeptides that play an important role in regulation of drug intake and relapse, including the urocortins, nociceptin, substance P, and neuropeptide S. Here, we review this emerging literature, discussing to what extent the properties of these neuromodulators are shared or distinct and considering their potential as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R. Schank
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Inst. on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Andrey E. Ryabinin
- Dept. of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098
| | - William J. Giardino
- Dept. of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, Camerino University, Italy
| | - Markus Heilig
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Inst. on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Rizzi A, Campi B, Camarda V, Molinari S, Cantoreggi S, Regoli D, Pietra C, Calo' G. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of the novel NK₁ receptor selective antagonist Netupitant. Peptides 2012; 37:86-97. [PMID: 22732666 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The novel NK(1) receptor ligand Netupitant has been characterized in vitro and in vivo. In calcium mobilization studies CHO cells expressing the human NK receptors responded to a panel of agonists with the expected order of potency. In CHO NK(1) cells Netupitant concentration-dependently antagonized the stimulatory effects of substance P (SP) showing insurmountable antagonism (pK(B) 8.87). In cells expressing NK(2) or NK(3) receptors Netupitant was inactive. In the guinea pig ileum Netupitant concentration-dependently depressed the maximal response to SP (pK(B) 7.85) and, in functional washout experiments, displayed persistent (up to 5h) antagonist effects. In mice the intrathecal injection of SP elicited the typical scratching, biting and licking response that was dose-dependently inhibited by Netupitant given intraperitoneally in the 1-10mg/kg dose range. In gerbils, foot tapping behavior evoked by the intracerebroventricular injection of a NK(1) agonist was dose-dependently counteracted by Netupitant given intraperitoneally (ID(50) 1.5mg/kg) or orally (ID(50) 0.5mg/kg). In time course experiments in gerbils Netupitant displayed long lasting effects. In all the assays Aprepitant elicited similar effects as Netupitant. These results suggest that Netupitant behaves as a brain penetrant, orally active, potent and selective NK(1) antagonist. Thus this molecule can be useful for investigating the NK(1) receptor role in the control of central and peripheral functions. Netupitant has clinical potential in conditions such as chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, in which the blockade of NK(1) receptors has been demonstrated valuable for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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Kitamura H, Kobayashi M, Wakita D, Nishimura T. Neuropeptide signaling activates dendritic cell-mediated type 1 immune responses through neurokinin-2 receptor. J Immunol 2012; 188:4200-8. [PMID: 22474018 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurokinin A (NKA), a neurotransmitter distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system, strictly controls vital responses, such as airway contraction, by intracellular signaling through neurokinin-2 receptor (NK2R). However, the function of NKA-NK2R signaling on involvement in immune responses is less-well defined. We demonstrate that NK2R-mediated neuropeptide signaling activates dendritic cell (DC)-mediated type 1 immune responses. IFN-γ stimulation significantly induced NK2R mRNA and remarkably enhanced surface protein expression levels of bone marrow-derived DCs. In addition, the DC-mediated NKA production level was significantly elevated after IFN-γ stimulation in vivo and in vitro. We found that NKA treatment induced type 1 IFN mRNA expressions in DCs. Transduction of NK2R into DCs augmented the expression level of surface MHC class II and promoted Ag-specific IL-2 production by CD4(+) T cells after NKA stimulation. Furthermore, blockade of NK2R by an antagonist significantly suppressed IFN-γ production by both CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cells stimulated with the Ag-loaded DCs. Finally, we confirmed that stimulation with IFN-γ or TLR3 ligand (polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid) significantly induced both NK2R mRNA and surface protein expression of human PBMC-derived DCs, as well as enhanced human TAC1 mRNA, which encodes NKA and Substance P. Thus, these findings indicate that NK2R-dependent neuropeptide signaling regulates Ag-specific T cell responses via activation of DC function, suggesting that the NKA-NK2R cascade would be a promising target in chronic inflammation caused by excessive type 1-dominant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemitsu Kitamura
- Division of Immunoregulation, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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Rosso M, Muñoz M, Berger M. The role of neurokinin-1 receptor in the microenvironment of inflammation and cancer. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:381434. [PMID: 22545017 PMCID: PMC3322385 DOI: 10.1100/2012/381434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent years have witnessed an exponential increase in cancer research, leading to a considerable investment in the field. However, with few exceptions, this effort has not yet translated into a better overall prognosis for patients with cancer, and the search for new drug targets continues. After binding to the specific neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor, the peptide substance P (SP), which is widely distributed in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, triggers a wide variety of functions. Antagonists against the NK-1 receptor are safe clinical drugs that are known to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antiemetic effects. Recently, it has become apparent that SP can induce tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and migration via the NK-1 receptor, and that the SP/NK-1 receptor complex is an integral part of the microenvironment of inflammation and cancer. Therefore, the use of NK-1 receptor antagonists as a novel and promising approach for treating patients with cancer is currently under intense investigation. In this paper, we evaluate the recent scientific developments regarding this receptor system, its role in the microenvironment of inflammation and cancer, and its potentials and pitfalls for the usage as part of modern anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Rosso
- Research Laboratory on Neuropeptides, Hospital Infantil Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avenida Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain.
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Robinson JE, Fish EW, Krouse MC, Thorsell A, Heilig M, Malanga CJ. Potentiation of brain stimulation reward by morphine: effects of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonism. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 220:215-24. [PMID: 21909635 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The abuse potential of opioids may be due to their reinforcing and rewarding effects, which may be attenuated by neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) antagonists. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to measure the effects of opioid and NK1R blockade on the potentiation of brain stimulation reward (BSR) by morphine using the intracranial self-stimulation method. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6J mice (n = 15) were implanted with unipolar stimulating electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus and trained to respond for varying frequencies of rewarding electrical stimulation. The BSR threshold (θ(0)) and maximum response rate (MAX) were determined before and after intraperitoneal administration of saline, morphine (1.0-17.0 mg/kg), or the NK1R antagonists L-733,060 (1.0-17.0 mg/kg) and L-703,606 (1.0-17.0 mg/kg). In morphine antagonism experiments, naltrexone (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) or 10.0 mg/kg L-733,060 or L-703,606 was administered 15 min before morphine (1.0-10.0 mg/kg) or saline. RESULTS Morphine dose-dependently decreased θ(0) (maximum effect = 62% of baseline) and altered MAX when compared to saline. L-703,606 and L-733,060 altered θ(0); 10.0 mg/kg L-733,060 and L-703,606, which did not affect θ(0) or MAX, attenuated the effects of 3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg morphine, and 1.0 and 0.3 mg/kg naltrexone blocked the effects of 10.0 mg/kg morphine. Naltrexone given before saline did not affect θ(0) or MAX. CONCLUSIONS The decrease in θ(0) by morphine reflects its rewarding effects, which were attenuated by NK1R and opioid receptor blockade. These results demonstrate the importance of substance P signaling during limbic reward system activation by opioids.
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Griebel G, Beeské S. Is there still a future for neurokinin 3 receptor antagonists as potential drugs for the treatment of psychiatric diseases? Pharmacol Ther 2012; 133:116-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dai L, Perera DS, King DW, Southwell BR, Burcher E, Liu L. Hemokinin-1 stimulates prostaglandin E₂ production in human colon through activation of cyclooxygenase-2 and inhibition of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 340:27-36. [PMID: 21957267 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.186155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemokinin-1 (HK-1) is a newly identified tachykinin, originating from the immune system rather than neurons, and may participate in the immune and inflammatory response. In colonic mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), up-regulation of the TAC4 gene encoding HK-1 and increased production of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) occur. Our aim was to examine the mechanistic link between human HK-1 and PGE₂ production in normal human colon. Exogenous HK-1 (0.1 μM) for 4 h evoked an increased PGE₂ release from colonic mucosal and muscle explants by 10- and 3.5-fold, respectively, compared with unstimulated time controls. The HK-1-stimulated PGE₂ release was inhibited by the tachykinin receptor antagonists (S)1-2-[3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(3-isopropoxyphenylacetyl)piperidin-3-yl]ethyl-4-phenyl-l azonia-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane (SR140333) [neurokinin-1 (NK₁)] and N-[(2S)-4-(4-acetamido-4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)butyl]-N-methylbenzamide (SR48968) [neurokinin-2 (NK₂)] and was also inhibited by the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide) (NS-398) but not by the COX-1 inhibitor 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-trifluoromethylpyrazole (SC-560). A parallel study with substance P showed similar results. Molecular studies with HK-1-treated explants demonstrated a stimulatory effect on COX-2 expression at both transcription and protein levels. It is noteworthy that this was coupled with HK-1-induced down-regulation of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) mRNA and protein expression. Immunoreactivity for 15-PGDH occurred on inflammatory cells, epithelial cells, platelets, and ganglia. This finding provides an additional mechanism for HK-1-evoked PGE₂ increase, in which HK-1 may interfere with the downstream metabolism of PGE₂ by suppressing 15-PGDH expression. In conclusion, our results uncover a novel inflammatory role for HK-1, which signals via NK₁ and NK₂ receptors to regulate PGE₂ release from human colonic tissue, and may further explain a pathological role for HK-1 in IBD when abnormal levels of PGE₂ occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Malherbe P, Knoflach F, Hernandez MC, Hoffmann T, Schnider P, Porter RH, Wettstein JG, Ballard TM, Spooren W, Steward L. Characterization of RO4583298 as a novel potent, dual antagonist with in vivo activity at tachykinin NK₁ and NK₃ receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:929-46. [PMID: 21039418 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Clinical results of osanetant and talnetant (selective-NK₃ antagonists) indicate that blocking the NK₃ receptor could be beneficial for the treatment of schizophrenia. The objective of this study was to characterize the in vitro and in vivo properties of a novel dual NK₁/NK₃ antagonist, RO4583298 (2-phenyl-N-(pyridin-3-yl)-N-methylisobutyramide derivative). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH RO4583298 in vitro pharmacology was investigated using radioligand binding ([³H]-SP, [³H]-osanetant, [³H]-senktide), [³H]-inositol-phosphate accumulation Schild analysis (SP- or [MePhe⁷]-NKB-induced) and electrophysiological studies in guinea-pig substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The in vivo activity of RO4583298 was assessed using reversal of GR73632-induced foot tapping in gerbils (GFT; NK₁) and senktide-induced tail whips in mice (MTW; NK₃). KEY RESULTS RO4583298 has a high-affinity for NK₁ (human and gerbil) and NK₃ (human, cynomolgus monkey, gerbil and guinea-pig) receptors and behaves as a pseudo-irreversible antagonist. Unusually it binds with high-affinity to mouse and rat NK₃, yet with a partial non-competitive mode of antagonism. In guinea-pig SNpc, RO4583298 inhibited the senktide-induced potentiation of spontaneous activity of dopaminergic neurones with an apparent non-competitive mechanism of action. RO4583298 (p.o.) robustly blocked the GFT response, and inhibited the MTW. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS RO4583298 is a high-affinity, non-competitive, long-acting in vivo NK₁/NK₃ antagonist; hence providing a useful in vitro and in vivo pharmacological tool to investigate the roles of NK₁ and NK₃ receptors in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Malherbe
- Discovery Research CNS, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
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Xiong H, Kang J, Woods JM, McCauley JP, Koether GM, Albert JS, Hinkley L, Li Y, Gadient RA, Simpson TR. Synthesis and SAR of sulfoxide substituted carboxyquinolines as NK3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1896-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pellegatti M, Pagliarusco S. Drug and metabolite concentrations in tissues in relationship to tissue adverse findings: a review. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2011; 7:137-46. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2011.545053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cipriani G, Santicioli P, Evangelista S, Maggi CA, Riccadonna S, Ringressi MN, Bechi P, Faussone-Pellegrini MS, Vannucchi MG. Effect of otilonium bromide and ibodutant on the internalization of the NK2 receptor in human colon. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 23:96-102, e10. [PMID: 20879991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present aim was to study the modulation of NK2 receptor internalization by two compounds, the spasmolytic otilonium bromide (OB) endowed with NK2 receptor antagonistic properties and the selective NK2 receptor antagonist ibodutant. METHODS Full-thickness human colonic segments were incubated in the presence of OB (0.1-10 μmol L(-1)) or ibodutant (0.001-0.1 μmol L(-1)), with or without the NK2 receptor selective agonist [ßAla8]NKA(4-10) and then fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Cryosections were processed for NK2 receptor immunohistochemical revelation. Quantitative analysis evaluated the number of the smooth muscle cells that had internalized the NK2 receptor. KEY RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed that in basal condition, the NK2 receptor was internalized in about 23% of total smooth muscle cells. The exposure to the selective NK2 receptor agonist induced internalization of the receptor in more than 77% of the cells. Previous exposure to both OB or ibodutant, either alone or in the presence of the agonist, concentration-dependently reduced the number of the cells with the internalized receptor. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Both OB and ibodutant antagonize the internalization of the NK2 receptor in the human colon. As NK2 receptors are the predominant receptor mediating spasmogenic activity of tachykinins on enteric smooth muscle, we hypothesize that the antagonistic activity found for both OB and ibodutant should play a specific therapeutic role in gut diseases characterized by hypermotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cipriani
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
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