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Edem E, Anikpe J, Chukwu A, Elahmar AE, Sinha S, Arome D. Effect of anthropometric and sociodemographic variables on physical activity levels of people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Tzu Chi Med J 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_180_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Brown MJ, Nkwonta CA, Kaur A, James T, Haider MR, Weissman SB, Hansen NB, Heckman TG, Li X. Intervention program needs for older adults living with HIV who are childhood sexual abuse survivors. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:2195-2201. [PMID: 34766546 PMCID: PMC9095752 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1998358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) prevalence estimates range from 8-11% among older adults and may range from 16 to 22% among older adults living with HIV (OALH). CSA experiences can still impact the quality of life of older adults. To the best of our knowledge, however, there are no CSA-focused interventions tailored for OALH. Using a qualitative approach, this study characterized the desired components of a trauma-focused intervention for OALH who are CSA survivors. METHODS Twenty-four (24) adults aged 50 years of age or older who were living with HIV and had experienced CSA were recruited from a large HIV immunology center in South Carolina. Participants completed in-depth, qualitative, semi-structured interviews. We iteratively examined verbatim transcripts using thematic analysis. RESULTS Three main themes emerged: program format and modality, program content, and program coordinator. Most participants expressed a desire for a trauma-focused intervention program in which the CSA experience was addressed and they could talk to someone either individually, as a group, and/or both. CONCLUSION A trauma-focused intervention addressing CSA may be helpful for OALH who are CSA survivors. Future research should focus on designing and implementing age-appropriate interventions addressing the CSA experience, increasing resilience, and developing adaptive coping skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique J. Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Rural and Minority Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Office for the Study on Aging, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | | | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Titilayo James
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Mohammad Rifat Haider
- Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Sharon B. Weissman
- School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Nathan B. Hansen
- Health Promotion and Behavior, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Timothy G. Heckman
- Health Promotion and Behavior, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Xiaoming Li
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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Yakasai AM, Maharaj SS, Danazumi MS. Strength and endurance exercises on balance impairment, gait disturbance, and quality of life of persons living with HIV-related distal symmetrical polyneuropathy: A study protocol. Advances in Integrative Medicine 2021; 8:322-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Erlandson KM. Physical Function and Frailty in HIV. Top Antivir Med 2020; 28:469-473. [PMID: 34107206 PMCID: PMC8224243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with declines in physical function that can be influenced by many factors, including HIV. These limitations may manifest as increased vulnerability to stressors, or frailty. Functional limitations and frailty can be used to guide clinical decisions, protect people from harm, and avoid strategies that are not likely to provide benefits. Such limitations could also serve as clinically relevant endpoints for some clinical trials. Interventions should ideally focus on early impairments that begin to occur in midlife, well before an individual becomes frail or experiences disabilities. Overall, physical activity is safe and effective in improving physical function, and counseling about physical activity should be a routine component of HIV care to increase the lifespan and healthspan of individuals with HIV. There are some promising pharmaceutical options, but more research is needed to determine the safety and long-term efficacy. This article summarizes an International Antiviral Society-USA (IAS-USA) webinar presented by Kristine M. Erlandson, MD, MS, on July 24, 2020. This webinar is available on demand at https://www.iasusa.org/courses/on-demand-webinar-2020-erlandson/.
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Montano M, Bhasin S, D'Aquila RT, Erlandson KM, Evans WJ, Funderburg NT, Justice A, Ndhlovu LC, Ojikutu B, Pahor M, Pahwa S, Ryan AS, Schrack J, Schultz MB, Sebastiani P, Sinclair DA, Tripp J, Walker B, Womack JA, Yung R, Reeves RK. Harvard HIV and Aging Workshop: Perspectives and Priorities from Claude D. Pepper Centers and Centers for AIDS Research. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2019; 35:999-1012. [PMID: 31456412 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
People aging with HIV (PAWH) infection experience greater impairments in physical and cognitive function, in addition to higher rates of peripheral comorbid conditions (e.g., renal failure, diabetes, bone fracture, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, polypharmacy, and multimorbidity). While multifactorial drivers, including HIV infection itself, antiretroviral therapy-related toxicities, disparities in care, and biobehavioral factors, likely contribute, there remains an overarching question as to what are the relevant age-related mechanisms and models that could inform interventions that promote health span and life span in PAWH? This workshop was convened to hear from experts on the biology of aging and HIV researchers studying PAWH to focus on advancing investigations at the interface of HIV and Aging. In this study, we summarize the discussions from the Harvard Center for AIDS Research and Boston Claude D. Pepper cosponsored workshop on HIV and Aging, which took place in October 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monty Montano
- Boston Pepper OAIC, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Boston Pepper OAIC, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - William J Evans
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Nicholas T Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amy Justice
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lishomwa C Ndhlovu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Bisola Ojikutu
- Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marco Pahor
- Institute on Aging, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Alice S Ryan
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center and Research and Development Service, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael B Schultz
- Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Labs for the Biology of Aging, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Labs for the Biology of Aging, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia Tripp
- Harvard University Center for AIDS Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Julie A Womack
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
- Yale School of Nursing, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Raymond Yung
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - R Keith Reeves
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Sookan T, Motala A, Ormsbee M, Antonio J, Magula N, Lalloo U, McKune A. Improvement in Muscular Strength in HIV-Infected Individuals Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2019; 4:E66. [PMID: 33467381 PMCID: PMC7739231 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk4030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated (1) the effect of a progressive resistance training (PRT) program and whey protein intake on maximal muscle strength in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and (2) alterations in maximal strength 12 wks after the cessation of PRT with continued supplementation. METHODS Sixty HIV-infected individuals were recruited. Whole body PRT was performed twice weekly for 12 wks. Participants received, in a double-blind placebo controlled manner, either 20 g whey or placebo (maltodextrin) before and immediately after each session. Both PRT groups continued to take either whey protein or placebo for a further 12 wks following the exercise intervention to examine the effects of detraining. RESULTS Forty participants (mean and standard deviation (SD) age 40.8 (±7.7) years, weight 70.8 (±16) kg, body mass index (BMI) 30.9 (±7.2) kg m2); whey protein /PRT (n = 13), placebo/PRT (n = 17), and a control group (n = 10) completed the study. A significant main effect for time occurred for the bench press (p = 0.02), the squat (p < 0.0001), the deadlift (p = 0.001) and the shoulder press (p = 0.02) one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the intervention groups. CONCLUSION The PRT program increased maximal strength regardless of whey protein intake. The detraining period demonstrated minimal strength loss, which is beneficial to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takshita Sookan
- Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban 4000, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; (M.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Ayesha Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban 4013, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa;
| | - Michael Ormsbee
- Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban 4000, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; (M.O.); (A.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jose Antonio
- Exercise and Sport Science, Nova Southeastern University, Davie FL 33328, USA;
| | - Nombulelo Magula
- Department of Internal Medicine Durban, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban 4013, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa;
| | - Umesh Lalloo
- Department of Pulmonology Durban, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban 4013, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa;
| | - Andrew McKune
- Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban 4000, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; (M.O.); (A.M.)
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra 2617, Australia
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Montoya JL, Jankowski CM, O’Brien KK, Webel AR, Oursler KK, Henry BL, Moore DJ, Erlandson KM. Evidence-informed practical recommendations for increasing physical activity among persons living with HIV. AIDS 2019; 33:931-939. [PMID: 30946147 PMCID: PMC6457127 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Montoya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Catherine M. Jankowski
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, College of Nursing, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly K. O’Brien
- Department of Physical Therapy; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison R. Webel
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Krisann K. Oursler
- Geriatric Research and Education, Salem Veterans Medical Center, Salem, Virginia, USA; Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Brook L. Henry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David J. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kristine M. Erlandson
- Division of Infectious Diseases; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, College of Nursing, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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John DO, Tella BA, Olawale OA, John JN, Adeyemo TA, Okezue OC. Effects of a 6-week aerobic exercise programme on the cardiovascular parameters, body composition, and quality of life of people living with human immune virus. J Exerc Rehabil 2018; 14:891-898. [PMID: 30443538 PMCID: PMC6222150 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1836306.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise program on the cardiovascular parameters, body composition, and quality of life (QoL) of people living with human immune virus (HIV). Patients were recruited from the HIV clinic in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Fish bowl method was used to randomize the patients to either experimental or control group. Experimental group received nutritional counseling and aerobic exercise program on a treadmill, 3 times a week for a period of 6 weeks, while the control group received only nutritional counseling. Cardiovascular parameters, aerobic fitness, body composition parameters, and QoL were evaluated at baseline and 6 weeks. Descriptive statistics was used to explore demographic data while the hypothesis was tested using inferential statistics of t-test. Alpha level was set at P<0.05. The result showed that there was an improvement in cardiovascular parameters in both groups, attaining significance in the experimental group (P=0.000). Aerobic fitness increased significantly in experimental group (P=0.000). Body composition decreased significantly while there was a significant difference in the muscle mass (%) between groups (P<0.05). All domains of QoL had a significant improvement in both groups (P<0.005). A 6-week aerobic exercise program in addition to nutritional counseling was able to significantly improve cardiovascular fitness, body composition, and QoL in people living with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Nutritional counseling alone can bring about an improvement only in QoL parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bosede A Tella
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olajide A Olawale
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Jeneviv N John
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Titilope A Adeyemo
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Obinna C Okezue
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Abstract
The relative effects of resistance training (RT) upon muscle fitness and immune function among HIV-infected patients are uncertain. The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to determine the effects of RT upon muscle strength, muscle mass and CD4 cells count and to identify potential moderators of those outcomes in HIV-infected patients. Meta-analyses use random or fixed-effects model depending on the heterogeneity of effect sizes, complemented with Hedge's g correction factor. Thirteen trials were meta-analysed. Overall, RT increased muscle strength (35.5%, P < 0.01) and CD4 cell count (26.1%, P = 0.003) versus controls (P < 0.03), but not muscle mass (P = 0.051). Meta-regression followed by subgroup moderator analysis showed that gains in muscle strength followed a dose-response pattern with largest increase detected among trials with longer (24 weeks; 49.3%) than shorter intervention (<12 weeks; 39%), higher (Physiotherapy Evidence-Based Database [PEDro] scale = 6; 38.3%) than lower (PEDro = 5; 28.1%) quality, and longer (12 months; 59.7%) than shorter time under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (<6 months; 37.1%), (P < 0.01). RT appears to be efficacious to improve muscular strength (~35.5%) and CD4 cell count (~26.1%), but not muscle mass of HIV-infected patients. Effects upon strength were greater in studies with higher quality and among trials with longer RT and HAART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Poton
- a Research Group of Cardiovascular Response and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Brazil
| | - Marcos Polito
- a Research Group of Cardiovascular Response and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- b Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports , University of Rio de Janeiro State , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,c Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program , Salgado Oliveira University , Niteroi , Brazil
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Gouvêa-e-Silva LF, Said RDC, Kietzer KS, Freitas JJDS, Xavier MB. NÍVEL DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E SÍNDROME LIPODISTRÓFICA EM PACIENTES COM HIV/AIDS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220162202138767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introdução: A atividade física pode ser uma aliada para minimizar o surgimento da lipodistrofia e seus efeitos deletérios. Objetivo: Analisar a relação do nível de atividade física (NAF) e a síndrome lipodistrófica com a composição corporal e a qualidade de vida (QV) de portadores do HIV/Aids. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 120 pacientes com HIV/Aids (38,55 ± 11,47 anos). Foram avaliados quanto ao índice de massa corporal, composição corporal, taxa metabólica basal, índice cintura-quadril, QV, presença, tipo e local de lipodistrofia, força de preensão manual e NAF. Resultados: Constatou-se que 70% eram sedentários; além disso, a massa magra foi 9,5% maior nos pacientes ativos, bem como a força muscular de preensão com a mão direita (11%) e esquerda (12%) e a taxa metabólica basal (6,9%). Quanto à associação da QV ao NAF, foi notada correlação fraca apenas para a preocupação com o sigilo (r = 0,2160; p = 0,0210), bem como, os pacientes ativos demonstraram melhor resultado que os sedentários (p < 0,05). Dos pacientes que apresentaram lipodistrofia, 66% eram sedentários; o tipo predominante foi a lipodistrofia mista (46%) e as regiões mais comuns foram a face e abdome. Ressalta-se que nos pacientes sem a síndrome a taxa metabólica basal foi maior (p = 0,0175) e o tempo de infecção (p = 0,0020) e de TARV (p = 0,0002) foram menores. Conclusão: Conclui-se, conforme metodologia adotada, que o sedentarismo predominou, o NAF apresentou associação positiva somente com a preocupação com o sigilo e os sedentários apresentaram dois domínios abaixo do escore de 50 (preocupação financeira e com o sigilo), com relação a um domínio dos pacientes ativos. A lipodistrofia esteve presente em 37% da amostra, sendo o tipo mais presente a lipodistrofia mista, e os locais de maior ocorrência foram a face e o abdome. Para esse grupo o NAF não se apresentou positivo para a composição corporal e a presença da lipodistrofia não influenciou na QV.
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Mangona L, Daca T, Tchonga F, Bule O, Bhatt N, Jani I, Damasceno A, Prista A. Effect of Different Types of Exercise in HIV + Mozambican Women Using Antiretroviral Therapy. Open AIDS J 2015; 9:89-95. [PMID: 26587077 PMCID: PMC4645927 DOI: 10.2174/1874613601509010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of two types of exercises interventions on the regularity and health-related physical fitness in HIV-infected individuals who use antiretroviral therapy (ART). A total of 53 HIV+ African women (mean age=39.5±8.4 years) on ART participated in the study. Subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely, formal exercise (FEG), playful exercise (PEG) and control (CG). During 12 weeks, the exercise groups underwent a program of 1-hour duration with a frequency of 3 times a week. The FEG performed a protocol that included 20 minutes of exercise, cycling at 60 % of V̇O2peak, increasing to 75 % and 85 % in the 4th and 8th weeks, respectively, and a muscular endurance circuit consisted of 6 exercises at 15 repetitions per minute (RM). The PEG followed a program consisting of active games. Before and after the intervention the participants were submitted to a clinical evaluation including immunological parameters (CD4+), cardiovascular risk factors, physical fitness and anthropometry. Comparison of somatic variables before and after the program showed no exercise effect. Immunological and cardiovascular variables were also independent of the exercise group. The main effect was found in cardiorespiratory fitness: exercise groups increased significantly in V̇O2peak (FEG=14.7 %; PEG=11.1 %) with no significant differences in CG. The percentage of high attendance was identical between the two groups. It was concluded that there is no contraindication for exercise in this type of population and the beneficial effect was mainly in cardiorespiratory fitness, regardless of the type of exercise performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucília Mangona
- Núcleo de Investigação em Actividade Física e Saúde, FEFD-CIDAF, Universidade Pedagógica, Mozambique
| | - Timóteo Daca
- Núcleo de Investigação em Actividade Física e Saúde, FEFD-CIDAF, Universidade Pedagógica, Mozambique
| | - Francisco Tchonga
- Núcleo de Investigação em Actividade Física e Saúde, FEFD-CIDAF, Universidade Pedagógica, Mozambique
| | - Odete Bule
- Instituto Nacional de Saude, Ministerio da Saude, Mozambique
| | - Nilesh Bhatt
- Instituto Nacional de Saude, Ministerio da Saude, Mozambique
| | - Ilesh Jani
- Instituto Nacional de Saude, Ministerio da Saude, Mozambique
| | | | - António Prista
- Núcleo de Investigação em Actividade Física e Saúde, FEFD-CIDAF, Universidade Pedagógica, Mozambique
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Leach LL, Bassett SH, Smithdorf G, Andrews BS, Travill AL. A Systematic Review of the Effects of Exercise Interventions on Body Composition in HIV+ Adults. Open AIDS J 2015; 9:66-79. [PMID: 26587075 PMCID: PMC4645834 DOI: 10.2174/1874613601509010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, physical activity and exercise have been used to positively impact the health and quality of life of persons infected with HIV and, more recently, has been associated with a spectrum of body composition changes. The aim of this review was to examine the effects of various exercise interventions on body composition in HIV positive adults, using a search strategy of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs). A systematic review was performed by five independent reviewers using a predetermined protocol adapted from previous research for assessing the articles for inclusion, the extracted data, and methodological quality. Eight RCTs involving 430 (26% female) HIV positive adults performing exercise a minimum of thrice weekly for at least six weeks were finally selected: Four were progressive resistance training (PRT) studies, three were aerobic training (AT) studies, and one involved yoga. In the PRT studies, there were significant increases in three anthropometric measures, namely, body mass, sum of skinfolds and sum of limb girths. In the AT studies, significant decreases were found in seven anthropometric measures, namely, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, body mass, triceps skinfold, waist circumference and sum of skinfolds. With yoga, the changes were non-significant. Exercise contributes to improved body composition and, when applied safely, appears to be beneficial for adults living with HIV/AIDS. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the relatively few RCTs published to date. Future studies would benefit from increased attention to sample size, female participants, participant follow-up, complete statistical analysis and intention-to-treat analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Leach
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S H Bassett
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - G Smithdorf
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B S Andrews
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A L Travill
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Paes LDS, Borges JP, dos Santos FM, de Oliveira TP, Dupin JG, Harris EA, Farinatti P. Effects of a 2-Year Supervised Exercise Program Upon the Body Composition and Muscular Performance of HIV-Infected Patients. Open AIDS J 2015; 9:80-8. [PMID: 26587076 PMCID: PMC4645897 DOI: 10.2174/1874613601509010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of research investigating long-term effects of exercise training upon the body composition and muscle function in HIV-infected patients (PHIV). The study investigated the influence of a 2-year supervised exercise program on body composition and strength of PHIV under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS A training program including aerobic, strength and flexibility exercises was performed by 27 PHIV (17 men/ 10 women; age: 48.7±7.0 years; HAART: 150.7±65.3 months) during 1 year and 18 PHIV (10 men/ 8 women; age: 50.6±5.2 years; HAART: 176.6±53.1 months) during 2 years. Body composition and knee isokinetic strength were assessed at baseline and at the end of each year of intervention. RESULTS Body composition remained stable along the whole experiment vs baseline (1-year - total muscle mass: Δ men=1.1%, P=0.21; Δ women=1.4%, P=0.06; trunk fat: Δ men=-0.1%, P=0.65; Δ women=-1.5%, P=0.45; 2 years - total muscle mass: Δ men=2.7%, P=0.54; Δ women=-1.9%, P=0.71; trunk fat: Δ men=4.4%, P=0.96; Δ women=10.0%, P=0.30). After 1-year, peak torque increased in men (Δ extension=4.2%, P=0.01; Δ flexion=12.2%, P=0.04) and total work reduced in women (Δ extension=-15.4%, P=0.01, Δ flexion=-17.5%, P=0.05). All strength markers remained stable vs baseline after 2 years of intervention (P>0.05). Only men showed significant reduction in the risk of disability due to sarcopenia (P=0.05) after 1 year of intervention, which remained stable after 2 years. CONCLUSION Long-term exercise training preserved strength and muscle mass in PHIV under HAART. Exercise programs should be part of HIV therapy to prevent sarcopenia of this population along the years. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12610000683033; UTN U1111-1116-4416.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena da Silva Paes
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira Borges
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Monteiro dos Santos
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Taciana Pinto de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jaciara Gomes Dupin
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Assumpção Harris
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
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Gomes Neto M, Conceição CS, Carvalho VO, Brites C. Effects of Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Exercise Capacity, Muscle Strength and Quality of Life in HIV-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138066. [PMID: 26378794 PMCID: PMC4574781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many HIV-infected patients demonstrate disability and lower aerobic capacity. The inclusion of resistance training combined with aerobic exercise in a single program is known as combined aerobic and resistance exercise (CARE) and seems to be an effective strategy to improve muscle weakness, as well as aerobic capacity in HIV-infected patients. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of CARE in HIV-infected patients. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, CINAHL (from the earliest date available to august 2014) for controlled trials that evaluated the effects of CARE in HIV-infected patients. Weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. RESULTS Seven studies met the study criteria. CARE resulted in improvement in Peak VO2 WMD (4.48 mL·kg-1·min-1 95% CI: 2.95 to 6.0), muscle strength of the knee extensors WMD (25.06 Kg 95% CI: 10.46 to 39.66) and elbow flexors WMD (4.44 Kg 95% CI: 1.22 to 7.67) compared with no exercise group. The meta-analyses also showed significant improvement in Health status, Energy/Vitality and physical function domains of quality of life for participants in the CARE group compared with no exercise group. A nonsignificant improvement in social function domain of quality of life was found for participants in the CARE group compared with no exercise group. CONCLUSIONS Combined aerobic and resistance exercise may improve peak VO2, muscle strength and health status, energy and physical function domains of quality of life and should be considered as a component of care of HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansueto Gomes Neto
- Departamento de Biofunçāo, Curso de Fisioterapia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Sena Conceição
- Departamento de Biofunçāo, Curso de Fisioterapia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Vitor Oliveira Carvalho
- The GREAT Group (GRupo de Estudos em ATividade física), Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisioterapia da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, UFS, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Brites
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Derman EW, Whitesman S, Dreyer M, Patel DN, Nossel C, Schwellnus MP. Healthy lifestyle interventions in general practice: Part 9: Lifestyle and HIV/AIDS. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/20786204.2010.10873924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Negin J, Rozea A, Martiniuk ALC. HIV behavioural interventions targeted towards older adults: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:507. [PMID: 24884947 PMCID: PMC4049807 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing number of people living with HIV aged 50 years and older has been recognised around the world yet non-pharmacologic HIV behavioural and cognitive interventions specifically targeted to older adults are limited. Evidence is needed to guide the response to this affected group. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the available published literature in MEDLINE, Embase and the Education Resources Information Center. A search strategy was defined with high sensitivity but low specificity to identify behavioural interventions with outcomes in the areas of treatment adherence, HIV testing uptake, increased HIV knowledge and uptake of prevention measures. Data from relevant articles were extracted into excel. Results Twelve articles were identified all of which originated from the Americas. Eight of the interventions were conducted among older adults living with HIV and four for HIV-negative older adults. Five studies included control groups. Of the included studies, four focused on general knowledge of HIV, three emphasised mental health and coping, two focused on reduced sexual risk behaviour, two on physical status and one on referral for care. Only four of the studies were randomised controlled trials and seven – including all of the studies among HIV-negative older adults – did not include controls at all. A few of the studies conducted statistical testing on small samples of 16 or 11 older adults making inference based on the results difficult. The most relevant study demonstrated that using telephone-based interventions can reduce risky sexual behaviour among older adults with control reporting 3.24 times (95% CI 1.79-5.85) as many occasions of unprotected sex at follow-up as participants. Overall however, few of the articles are sufficiently rigorous to suggest broad replication or to be considered representative and applicable in other settings. Conclusions More evidence is needed on what interventions work among older adults to support prevention, adherence and testing. More methodological rigourised needed in the studies targeting older adults. Specifically, including control groups in all studies is needed as well as sufficient sample size to allow for statistical testing. Addition of specific bio-marker or validated behavioural or cognitive outcomes would also strengthen the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Negin
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building (A27), Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Garcia A, Fraga GA, Vieira RC, Silva CMS, Trombeta JCDS, Navalta JW, Prestes J, Voltarelli FA. Effects of combined exercise training on immunological, physical and biochemical parameters in individuals with HIV/AIDS. J Sports Sci 2013; 32:785-92. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2013.858177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Brito CJ, Mendes EL, Ferreira AP, De Paula SO, Nóbrega ODT, Córdova C. Impacto do treinamento resistido na força e hipertrofia muscular em HIV-soropositivos. Motriz: rev educ fis 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742013000200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
O presente estudo investigou o efeito de 24 semanas de treinamento resistido (TR) sobre a força e hipertrofia muscular de pacientes HIV-soropositivos. Participaram deste estudo 45 voluntários submetidos à terapia antirretroviral fortemente ativa (HAART), destes, 23 realizaram 3 sessões semanais, com 10 repetições a 80% 1RM. O teste de 1RM foi realizado de acordo com a metodologia proposta por Kraemer e Fry (1995), para estimativa da hipertrofia muscular adotou-se as equações de Frisancho (1984). Em comparação aos valores, o TR melhorou a força de 1RM nos exercícios de agachamento em 49% (21,0±4,9 vs. 31,2±5,1; P=0,001), supino reto em 13% (34,3±8,1 vs. 39,8±9,4; P=0,04), cadeira extensora em 34,1% (26,3±7,1 vs. 37,1±6,6; P=0,01), tríceps em 51% (22,9±4,0 vs. 38,3±4,9; P=0,001), pulley costas em 31,5% (31,7±3,9 vs. 41,7±4,4; P=0,01), cadeira flexora em 37,2% (18,9±3,4 vs. 27,3±3,2; P=0,01) e rosca bíceps em 60% (27,9±6,9 vs. 40,4±4,5; P=0,001). Não foram observadas diferenças (P<0,05) entre os valores basais e finais para o grupo controle. Observou-se aumento significativo (P<0,05) na área muscular do braço isenta de massa óssea, no grupo TR (52,8±14,5 cm²) em relação ao controle (39,5±12,4 cm²). Ademais, o TR resultou em significativa (P<0,05) redução da glicemia sanguínea de jejum (96,5±18,3 vs. 90,5±12,6), pressão arterial sistólica (126,3±14,3 vs. 120,0±10,0) e circunferência de cintura (83,0±12,5 vs. 80,6±10,2). Conclui-se que seis meses de TR resultaram em melhora na força e hipertrofia, ademais, o treinamento aplicado contribuiu para a regulação das variáveis metabólicas dos pacientes. Uma vez que a HAART é inevitável ao HIV-soropositivo, recomenda-se que o exercício físico seja realizado no intuito de dirimir os efeitos colaterais advindos desta terapia.
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Mendes EL, Andaki ACR, Amorim PRDS, Natali AJ, Brito CJ, Paula SOD. Treinamento físico para indivíduos HIV positivo submetidos à HAART: efeitos sobre parâmetros antropométricos e funcionais. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922013000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: A terapia antirretroviral fortemente ativa (HAART) tem melhorado a prognose em indivíduos infectados pelo HIV. No entanto, a HAART tem sido associada ao desenvolvimento de anormalidades metabólicas e na distribuição de gordura corporal conhecida como síndrome lipodistrófica associada ao HIV (SLHIV). OBJETIVO: Este estudo investigou o impacto de 24 semanas de exercício resistido com componente aeróbico (ERCA) sobre parâmetros antropométricos e funcionais de portadores de HIV submetidos à HAART. MÉTODOS: Noventa e nove indivíduos infectados pelo HIV foram randomicamente alocados em quatro grupos: exercício e lipodistrofia (n = 24; EX+LIP); exercício sem lipodistrofia (n = 21; EX+NoLIP); controle e lipodistrofia (n = 27; NoEX+LIP); controle sem lipodistrofia (n = 27; NoEX+NoLIP). Os indivíduos dos grupos exercitados (EX+LIP e EX+NoLIP) participaram de 24 semanas de ERCA. Nos momentos pré e pós 24 semanas de intervenção foram realizadas medidas antropométricas, testes de força e aptidão cardiorrespiratória. RESULTADOS: Vinte e quatro semanas de ERCA alteraram os perímetros corporais avaliados (P < 0,0001) e a relação cintura/quadril (P = 0,017) nos dois grupos exercitados. Reduções foram observadas (P < 0,0001) para o somatório das sete dobras cutâneas avaliadas, percentual de gordura corporal, massa corporal gorda, gordura subcutânea total, central e periférica em resposta ao ERCA. A massa corporal magra aumentou (P < 0,0001) nos grupos exercitados, independente do desfecho (LIP ou NoLIP). A força muscular e a aptidão cardiorrespiratória aumentaram (P < 0,0001), para os dois grupos exercitados em resposta ao ERCA. CONCLUSÃO: Vinte e quatro semanas de ERCA impediram a manifestação das alterações decorrentes da SLHIV e contribuíram para a redução destas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ciro José Brito
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe; Universidade Federal de Sergipe
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20
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Ley C, Barrio MR. A narrative review of research on the effects of physical activity on people living with HIV and opportunities for health promotion in disadvantaged settings. African Journal of AIDS Research 2012; 11:123-33. [DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2012.698079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Os autores estudam o perfil de publicação de artigos sobre ortopedia e área de interesse em aparelho locomotor em revistas gerais, não específicas de ortopedia, com registro no PUBMED, em um período de dois anos. Selecionados 67 artigos com distribuição heterogênea entre as revistas estudadas foi constatada presença de 26,47% de artigos com desenho de intervenção e 38% com desenho observacional. Os dados são comentados.
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Souza PMLD, Jacob-Filho W, Santarém JM, Zomignan AA, Burattini MN. Effect of progressive resistance exercise on strength evolution of elderly patients living with HIV compared to healthy controls. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:261-6. [PMID: 21484044 PMCID: PMC3059853 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection worsens the frailty of elderly people, compromising their quality of life. In this study we prospectively evaluated eleven patients living with HIV and 21 controls older than 60 years and without prior regular physical activity, who engaged in a one-year progressive resistance exercise program to compare its effects on muscular strength, physical fitness and body composition. METHODS Exercises for major muscular groups were performed 2 times/week, under professional supervision. Strength increase was evaluated bimonthly, while body composition, lipid and glycaemic profiles (only of those living with HIV) and physical fitness were evaluated before and after the one-year training. RESULTS The participants living with HIV were lighter, had smaller Body Mass Index and were initially much weaker than controls. However, their strength increased more (1.52-2.33 times the baseline values for those living with HIV x 1.21-1.48 times for controls, p<0.01), nullifying the differences initially seen. These effects were seen independently of gender, age or baseline physical activity. In addition, those living with HIV improved their fasting glucose levels and showed a tendency to improve their lipids after the one year training program. These effects were slightly more pronounced among those not using protease inhibitors, although not significantly. CONCLUSIONS Resistance exercise safely increased the strength of older patients living with HIV adults, allowing them to achieve performance levels observed among otherwise healthy controls. These findings favor the recommendation of resistance exercise for elderly adults living with HIV adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Maria Loiola de Souza
- Department of Pathology, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cortez PJO, Tomazini JE, Valenti VE, Correa JR, Valenti EE, Abreu LCD. A new device to measure isometric strength in upper limbs: comparison between dominant and non-dominant limbs. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:351-4. [PMID: 21484058 PMCID: PMC3059878 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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Abstract
Medical advances continue to change the face of human immunodeficiency virus- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). As life expectancy increases, the number of people living with HIV rises, presenting new challenges for the management of a chronic condition. Aging, nutrition, and physical activity can influence outcomes in other chronic conditions, and emerging data show that each of these factors can impact viral replication and the immune system in HIV. HIV infection results in a decline of the immune system through the depletion of CD4+ T cells. From initial infection, viral replication is a continuous phenomenon. Immunosenescence, a hallmark of aging, results in an increased susceptibility to infections secondary to a delayed immune response, and this phenomenon may be increased in HIV-infected patients. Optimal nutrition is an important adjunct in the clinical care of patients with HIV. Nutritional interventions may improve the quality and span of life and symptom management, support the effectiveness of medications, and improve the patient's resistance to infections and other disease complications by altering immunity. Moderate physical activity can improve many immune parameters, reduce the risk of acute infection, and combat metabolic abnormalities. As people with HIV age, alternative therapies such as nutrition and physical activity may complement medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Somarriba
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Daniela Neri
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Natasha Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Tracie L Miller
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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Abstract
Recent research suggests that resistance training (RT) in adults has the potential to prevent, treat, and possibly even reverse the impact of several chronic diseases. A properly designed progressive program can have profound effects on the musculoskeletal system, resulting in enhanced physical and mental health. In this review, the authors summarize recent research detailing the numerous benefits gained from participating in an RT program in those with or at risk for chronic disease. This includes increases in muscle mass and strength; enhanced physical function; reduced risks for osteoporosis and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; improved management of cancer, neuromuscular disorders, HIV, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; and reductions in negative mood states. Given these benefits, numerous national organizations, including the committee commissioned to create the National Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, have endorsed the participation in RT as a necessary component of maintaining health. Fortunately, the most current estimates show that a growing number of individuals are participating in RT, but these national estimates still fall below the goal of 30% set by Healthy People 2010. Future research will therefore need to focus on increasing the adoption and adherence of RT, as it carries the potential to dramatically affect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T. Ciccolo
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, , Centers for Behavioral & Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lucas J. Carr
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, Centers for Behavioral & Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Katie L. Krupel
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jaime L. Longval
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Abstract
There are no unique boxing diseases but certain factors contributing to the spread of illnesses apply strongly to the boxer, coach, and the training facility. This article examines the nature of the sport of boxing and its surrounding environment, and the likelihood of spread of infection through airborne, contact, or blood-borne routes of transmission. Evidence from other sports such as running, wrestling, and martial arts is included to help elucidate the pathophysiologic elements that could be identified in boxers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osric S King
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street New York, NY 10021, USA.
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