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Peddinti V, Avaghade MM, Suthar SU, Rout B, Gomte SS, Agnihotri TG, Jain A. Gut instincts: Unveiling the connection between gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 60:266-280. [PMID: 38479921 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by neuroinflammation and gradual cognitive decline. Recent research has revealed that the gut microbiota (GM) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, the mechanism by which GM and microbial metabolites alter brain function is not clearly understood. GM dysbiosis increases the permeability of the intestine, alters the blood-brain barrier permeability, and elevates proinflammatory mediators causing neurodegeneration. This review article introduced us to the composition and functions of GM along with its repercussions of dysbiosis in relation to AD. We also discussed the importance of the gut-brain axis and its role in communication. Later we focused on the mechanism behind gut dysbiosis and the progression of AD including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and changes in neurotransmitter levels. Furthermore, we highlighted recent developments in AD management, such as microbiota-based therapy, dietary interventions like prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Finally, we concluded with challenges and future directions in AD research based on GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasu Peddinti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Manoj Mohan Avaghade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Sunil Umedmal Suthar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Biswajit Rout
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Shyam Sudhakar Gomte
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Tejas Girish Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Aakanchha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.
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Hussain MS, Altamimi ASA, Afzal M, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Gupta G, Shahwan M, Kukreti N, Wong LS, Kumarasamy V, Subramaniyan V. Kaempferol: Paving the path for advanced treatments in aging-related diseases. Exp Gerontol 2024; 188:112389. [PMID: 38432575 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Aging-related diseases (ARDs) are a major global health concern, and the development of effective therapies is urgently needed. Kaempferol, a flavonoid found in several plants, has emerged as a promising candidate for ameliorating ARDs. This comprehensive review examines Kaempferol's chemical properties, safety profile, and pharmacokinetics, and highlights its potential therapeutic utility against ARDs. Kaempferol's therapeutic potential is underpinned by its distinctive chemical structure, which confers antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Kaempferol counteracts reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulates crucial cellular pathways, thereby combating oxidative stress and inflammation, hallmarks of ARDs. Kaempferol's low toxicity and wide safety margins, as demonstrated by preclinical and clinical studies, further substantiate its therapeutic potential. Compelling evidence supports Kaempferol's substantial potential in addressing ARDs through several mechanisms, notably anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic actions. Kaempferol exhibits a versatile neuroprotective effect by modulating various proinflammatory signaling pathways, including NF-kB, p38MAPK, AKT, and the β-catenin cascade. Additionally, it hinders the formation and aggregation of beta-amyloid protein and regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factors. In terms of its anticancer potential, kaempferol acts through diverse pathways, inducing apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers, and affecting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways. Subsequent studies should focus on refining dosage regimens, exploring innovative delivery systems, and conducting comprehensive clinical trials to translate these findings into effective therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, 302017 Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Gomte SS, Agnihotri TG, Khopade S, Jain A. Exploring the potential of pH-sensitive polymers in targeted drug delivery. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2024; 35:228-268. [PMID: 37927045 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2279792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The pH-sensitive polymers have attained significant attention in the arena of targeted drug delivery (TDD) because of their exceptional capability to respond to alteration in pH in various physiological environments. This attribute aids pH-sensitive polymers to act as smart carriers for therapeutic agents, transporting them precisely to target locations while curtailing the release of drugs in off-targeted sites, thereby diminishing side effects. Many pH-responsive polymers in TDD have revealed promising results, with increased therapeutic efficacy and decreased toxic effects. Several pH-sensitive polymers, including, hydroxy-propyl-methyl cellulose, poly (methacrylic acid) (Eudragit series), poly (acrylic acid), and chitosan, have been broadly studied for their myriad applications in the management of various types of diseases. Additionally, the amalgamation of pH-sensitive polymers with, additive manufacturing techniques like 3D printing, has resulted in the progression of novel drug delivery systems that regulate drug release in a controlled manner. Herein, types of pH-sensitive polymers in TDD are systemically reviewed. We have briefly discussed the nanocarriers employed for the delivery of various pH-sensitive polymers in TDD. Finally, miscellaneous applications of pH-sensitive polymers are discussed thoroughly with special attention to the implication of 3D printing in pH-sensitive polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sudhakar Gomte
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Tejas Girish Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Shivani Khopade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Aakanchha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Subaiea GM, Syed RU, Afsar S, Alhaidan TMS, Alzammay SA, Alrashidi AA, Alrowaili SF, Alshelaly DA, Alenezi AMSRA. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and multidrug resistance in glioblastoma: Therapeutic challenges and opportunities. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155022. [PMID: 38086292 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been recognized as pivotal regulators of transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene modulation, exerting a profound influence on a diverse array of biological and pathological cascades, including the intricate mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and the acquisition of drug resistance in neoplastic cells. Glioblastoma (GBM), recognized as the foremost and most aggressive neoplasm originating in the brain, is distinguished by its formidable resistance to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiation. Recent years have witnessed an escalating interest in comprehending the involvement of ncRNAs, particularly lncRNAs, in GBM chemoresistance. LncRNAs, a subclass of ncRNAs, have been demonstrated as dynamic modulators of gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. Disruption in the regulation of lncRNAs has been observed across various human malignancies, including GBM, and has been linked with developing multidrug resistance (MDR) against standard chemotherapeutic agents. The potential of targeting specific ncRNAs or their downstream effectors to surmount chemoresistance is also critically evaluated, specifically focusing on ongoing preclinical and clinical investigations exploring ncRNA-based therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma. Nonetheless, targeting lncRNAs for therapeutic objectives presents hurdles, including overcoming the blood-brain barrier and the brief lifespan of oligonucleotide RNA molecules. Understanding the complex relationship between ncRNAs and the chemoresistance characteristic in glioblastoma provides valuable insights into the fundamental molecular mechanisms. It opens the path for the progression of innovative and effective therapeutic approaches to counter the therapeutic challenges posed by this aggressive brain tumor. This comprehensive review highlights the complex functions of diverse ncRNAs, including miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs, in mediating glioblastoma's chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad Mohammed Subaiea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahamat Unissa Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Afsar
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh 517502, India.
| | | | - Seham Ahmed Alzammay
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Gorantla S, Wadhwa G, Jain S, Sankar S, Nuwal K, Mahmood A, Dubey SK, Taliyan R, Kesharwani P, Singhvi G. Recent advances in nanocarriers for nutrient delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021. [PMID: 34845678 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
For the past few years, there has been a surge in the use of nutraceuticals. The global nutraceuticals market in 2020 was USD 417.66 billion, and the market value is expected to increase by 8.9% compound annual growth rate from 2020 to 2028. This is because nutraceuticals are used to treat and prevent various diseases such as cancer, skin disorders, gastrointestinal, ophthalmic, diabetes, obesity, and central nervous system-related diseases. Nutritious food provides the required amount of nutrition to the human body through diet, whereas most of the bioactive agents present in the nutrients are highly lipophilic, with low aqueous solubility leading to poor dissolution and oral bioavailability. Also, the nutraceuticals like curcumin, carotenoids, anthocyanins, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins C, vitamin B12, and quercetin have limitations such as poor solubility, chemical instability, bitter taste, and an unpleasant odor. Additionally, the presence of gastrointestinal (GIT) membrane barriers, varied pH, and reaction with GIT enzymes cause the degradation of some of the nutraceuticals. Nanotechnology-based nutrient delivery systems can be used to improve oral bioavailability by increasing nutraceutical stability in foods and GIT, increasing nutraceutical solubility in intestinal fluids, and decreasing first-pass metabolism in the gut and liver. This article has compiled the properties and applications of various nanocarriers such as polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanocarriers, nanostructured lipid carrier, microemulsion, nanoemulsion, dendrimers in organic nanoparticles, and nanocomposites for effective delivery of bioactive molecules.
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Seyed MA, Ayesha S, Azmi N, Al-Rabae FM, Al-Alawy AI, Al-Zahrani OR, Hawsawi Y. The neuroprotective attribution of Ocimum basilicum: a review on the prevention and management of neurodegenerative disorders. Futur J Pharm Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Bioactive principles from various natural resources including medicinal herbs have always played a crucial role in healthcare settings and increasingly became key players in drug discovery and development for many biopharmaceutical applications. Additionally, natural products (NPs) have immense arrangement of distinctive chemical structures with diverse functional groups that motivated numerous investigators including synthetic chemists to discover new therapeutic entities. Numerous pre-clinical investigations involving the animal models have evident the usefulness of these NPs against various human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders (NDs).
Main text
Ocimum basilicum Linn (O. basilicum L.), also known as sweet basil, is well practiced in traditional healthcare systems and has been used to treat various human illnesses, which include malaria, skin disease, diarrhea, bronchitis, dysentery, arthritis, eye diseases, and insect bites and emphasize the significance of the ethno-botanical approach as a potential source of novel drug leads With the growing interest in advanced techniques, herbal medicine and medicinal plants explorations are still considered to be a novel resource for new pharmacotherapeutic discovery and development. O. basilicum L and its bioactive principles including apigenin, eugenol, myretenal, β-sitosterol, luteolin, rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, essential oil (EO)-rich phenolic compounds, and others like anthocyanins and flavones could be of therapeutic values in NDs by exhibiting their neuro-protective efficacy on various signaling pathways. The present comprehensive review collected various related information using the following searching engines such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, etc. and focused mainly the English written documents. The search period comprised of last two decades until present.
Conclusion
Although these efficacious plant genera of prime importance and has potential medical and socioeconomic importance, yet the pivotal evidence for its neuroprotective potential in novel clinical trials remains lacking. However, with the available wealth of obtainable literature on this medicinal plant, which supports this review and concludes that O. basilicum L may function as a promising therapeutics for the treatment of NDs.
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Choudhari M, Hejmady S, Narayan Saha R, Damle S, Singhvi G, Alexander A, Kesharwani P, Kumar Dubey S. Evolving new-age strategies to transport therapeutics across the blood-brain-barrier. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120351. [PMID: 33545286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A basic understanding of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for the novel advancements in targeting drugs specific to the brain. Neoplasm compromising the internal structure of BBB that results in impaired vasculature is called as blood tumor barrier (BTB). Besides, the BBB serves as a chief hindrance to the passage of a drug into the brain parenchyma. The small and hydrophilic drugs majorly display an absence of desired molecular characteristics required to cross the BBB. Furthermore, all classes of biologics have failed in the clinical trials of brain diseases over the past years since these biologics are large molecules that do not cross the BBB. Also, new strategies have been discovered that use the Trojan horse technology with the re-engineered biologics for BBB transport. Thus, this review delivers information about the different grades of tumors (I-IV) i.e. examples of BBB/BTB heterogenicity along with the different mechanisms for transporting the therapeutics into the brain tumors by crossing BBB. This review also provides insights into the emerging approaches of peptide delivery and the non-invasive and brain-specific molecular Trojan horse targeting technologies. Also, the several challenges in the clinical development of BBB penetrating IgG fusion protein have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Choudhari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Siddhanth Hejmady
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Dubai Campus, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shantanu Damle
- Colorcon Asia Pvt. Ltd., Verna Industrial Estate, Verna 403722, Goa, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER GUWAHATI), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizers, Government of India, Sila Village, Nizsundarighopa, Changsari, Kamrup (R), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India; R&D Healthcare Division Emami Ltd., 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata 700056, India.
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Krishna KV, Saha RN, Dubey SK. Biophysical, Biochemical, and Behavioral Implications of ApoE3 Conjugated Donepezil Nanomedicine in a Aβ 1-42 Induced Alzheimer's Disease Rat Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4139-4151. [PMID: 33251785 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder and is the most common type of dementia. Amyloid β (Aβ) plaques play an important role in the pathophysiology of AD. However, the existing therapeutic strategies are not effective for the management of both Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and Aβ fibrils clearance in biological conditions. Herein, we have developed lipoprotein conjugated polymeric nanoparticles that can boost the clearance rate of Aβ fibrils and mitigate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in AD rat. These nanoparticles were designed by loading donepezil in an amphiphilic polymer with a lipoprotein (ApoE3) integrated over the surface. Polymeric nanoparticles were prepared by a nanoprecipitation method, and ApoE3 was conjugated to the polymer layer by polysorbate 80. In the present study, we intended to examine the protective effect of ApoE3 nanoparticles against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo to evaluate if these can reduce the Aβ fibril formation and cognitive and behavioral deficits observed in AD induced rats. In the in vitro study, neurotoxicity induced by Aβ1-42 in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells was found to be significantly reduced upon treatment with ApoE3 donepezil nanoparticles. The presence of the ApoE3 significantly modified the morphology of Aβ fibrils and also inhibited the formation Aβ oligomers. Moreover, in the in vivo study, following treatment, AD induced rats were tested on Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance task for their cognitive ability and sacrificed for biochemical estimations. From our observations, ApoE3 donepezil nanoparticles exhibited neuroprotection in the Aβ1-42 induced model by mitigating the pathological features and cognitive impairments. Thus, we anticipate that the nanosized lipoprotein carriers will possibly offer a rational therapeutic strategy in the formulation development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, 345055 Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, 345055 Pilani, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Dubai Campus, Dubai International Academic City, P.O. Box 345055, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, 345055 Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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Li P, Bukhari SNA, Khan T, Chitti R, Bevoor DB, Hiremath AR, SreeHarsha N, Singh Y, Gubbiyappa KS. Apigenin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy Induced by Streptozotocin Nicotinamide Through Nrf2/HO-1/NF-kB Signalling Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9115-9124. [PMID: 33244230 PMCID: PMC7683501 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s256494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apigenin is known to have a broad-spectrum efficacy in oxidative stress and conditions due to inflammation, although weak absorption, fast metabolic rate and a fast elimination (systemic) limit the pharmacological efficacy of this drug. Hence, we propose the usage of highly bioavailable Apigenin-solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) to recognize such limitations. The defensive function of Apigenin-SLNPs on renal damage induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in animals was studied. Materials and Methods We initially injected the rats with 35 mg kg−1 streptozocin intraperitoneally, and after 7 days, the rats were then injected 150 mg kg−1 of metformin intragastrically followed by a once-daily intragastric dose of Apigenin-SLNP (25 or 50 mg kg−1) for a continuous period of 30 days. We then measured the level of insulin and blood glucose, superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde in the tissues of the kidney. We also observed messenger-RNA expression of Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha in renal tissue through RT-PCR technique. Moreover, H&E staining and Western blotting observed the histopathological variations and protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase/Nuclear Factor-κB signaling pathway, respectively. Results An enhancement in the expressing of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 and a suppression in the expression of Nuclear Factor-κB occurred due to Apigenin-SLNPs treatment, which was a result of the protective mechanism of Apigenin-SLNPs which is because of not only its anti-inflammatory function (by inhibition of release of inflammatory factors) but also their anti-oxidant activity (through reduction of lipid peroxidation production). Conclusion We found that a protective effect on diabetic nephropathy was shown due to Apigenin-SLNPs, in rats induced with streptozocin maybe through the pathway of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1/Nuclear Factor-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- Department of Nephrology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450007, People's Republic of China
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahseen Khan
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
| | - Renukaradhya Chitti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Adichaunagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, Adichunchanagiri, Mandya, India
| | - Davan B Bevoor
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, SCS College of Pharmacy, Harapanahalli, Karnataka, India
| | - Anand R Hiremath
- Department of Pharmacology, Bapuji College of Pharmacy, Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagaraja SreeHarsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yogendra Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur, India
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Sun L, Hu Y, Mishra A, Sreeharsha N, Moktan JB, Kumar P, Wang L. Protective role of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticle loaded with resveratrol against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Biofactors 2020; 46:421-431. [PMID: 31926035 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our study is aimed at evaluating the effects of pretreatment with Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticle loaded with resveratrol (RSV PLGA NPs) compared to conventional resveratrol (RSV) on isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Sixty rats were randomly divided into six groups of 10 rats each. RSV and RSV PLGA NPs were given by gavage in two different doses (50 mg/kg body weight [BW] and 100 mg/kg BW) for 3 weeks. RSV and RSV PLGA NPs were given for 2 weeks starting 1 week before ISO administration. The blood samples were taken 24 hr after the last dose of ISO. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects were evaluated in all groups. Only 100 mg/kg dose of RSV and both doses of RSV PLGA NPs offered a cardioprotective effect by preventing cardiac troponin T (cTnT) levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities leakage from cardiomyocytes, with the best result for RSV PLGA NPs. All the oxidative stress parameters were significantly improved after RSV PLGA NPs compared to RSV pretreatment. RSV PLGA NPs were more efficient than RSV in limiting the increase in inflammatory cytokine expressions such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and NF-kappaB (NF-kB) expression. In addition, RSV PLGA NPs significantly upregulated eNOS expression and downregulated iNOS expression. RSV PLGA NPs better prevented myocardial necrosis and reduced interstitial edema and neutrophil infiltration than RSV, on histopathological examination. Therefore, improving the bioactivity of RSV by nanotechnology may help limit cardiac injury after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Yucai Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Anurag Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeet B Moktan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, BG Nagara, Mandya, Karnataka, India
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Shikhar Institute of Pharmacy, Shekhupur, Budaun, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
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Dubey SK, Lakshmi KK, Krishna KV, Agrawal M, Singhvi G, Saha RN, Saraf S, Saraf S, Shukla R, Alexander A. Insulin mediated novel therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2020; 249:117540. [PMID: 32165212 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is one of the leading causes of death in the USA, along with cancer and cardiac disorders. AD is characterized by various neurological factors like amyloid plaques, tau hyperphosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, acetylcholine deficiency, etc. Together, impaired insulin signaling in the brain is also observed as essential factor to be considered in AD pathophysiology. Hence, currently researchers focused on studying the effect of brain insulin metabolism and relation of diabetes with AD. Based on the investigations, AD is also considered as type 3 or brain diabetes. Besides the traditional view of correlating AD with aging, a better understanding of various pathological factors and effects of other physical ailments is necessary to develop a promising therapeutic approach. There is a vast scope of studying the relation of systemic insulin level, insulin signaling, its neuroprotective potency and effect of diabetes on AD progression. The present work describes worldwide status of AD and its relation with diabetes mellitus and insulin metabolism; pathophysiology of AD; different metabolic pathways associating insulin metabolism with AD; insulin receptor and signaling in the brain; glucose metabolism; insulin resistance; and various preclinical and clinical studies reported insulin-based therapies to treat AD via systemic route and through direct intranasal delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
| | - K K Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490 024, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranendra Narayana Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-R), New Transit Campus, Bijnor Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, NH 37, NITS Mirza, Kamrup-781125, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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Balkrishna A, Thakur P, Varshney A. Phytochemical Profile, Pharmacological Attributes and Medicinal Properties of Convolvulus prostratus - A Cognitive Enhancer Herb for the Management of Neurodegenerative Etiologies. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:171. [PMID: 32194410 PMCID: PMC7063970 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Convolvulus prostratus Forssk., a nootropic herb used in traditional medicinal systems, is also frequently known by its taxonomic synonym Convolvulus pluricaulis. In Indian medicinal system - Ayurveda - it is named as Shankhpushpi. According to the ancient literature, this herb has been attributed with several therapeutic properties, such as anxiolytic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, analgesic, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and cardioprotective activities. This medicinal herb has been reported to contain many bioactive phytoconstituents, such as, alkaloid (convolamine), flavonoid (kaempferol) and phenolics (scopoletin, β-sitosterol and ceryl alcohol), that have been ascribed to the observed medicinal properties. Several research teams across the globe have highlighted the neuro-pharmacological profile of C. prostratus, wherein, the neuroprotective, nootropic and neuro-modulatory roles have been described. Besides, role of C. prostratus extracts in neurodegeneration has been well demonstrated. Despite of such elaborative preclinical pharmacological profile, detailed clinical investigations and mechanistic mode-of-action studies of this important herb are yet to be executed. The present review is attempted to showcase the phytochemical profile, pharmacological attributes and medicinal information of C. prostratus; with comprehensive research gap analysis. It is hoped that the scientific update on the ethnomedicinal aspects of this herb would thrive research propagation and development of the CNS phytopharmaceuticals, originated from C. prostratus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India
| | - Pallavi Thakur
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India
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Cui P, Qu F, Sreeharsha N, Sharma S, Mishra A, Gubbiyappa SK. Antiarthritic effect of chitosan nanoparticle loaded with embelin against adjuvant-induced arthritis in Wistar rats. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1054-1064. [PMID: 32043729 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with joint damage. Effectiveness of embelin has been established in a wide variety of inflammatory disorders, but its utility as a therapeutic agent is limited by its poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and fast systemic elimination. To apprehend these limitations, we propose to use highly bioavailable embelin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS-embelin NPs) for the treatment of RA. METHODS The rats were made arthritic using a subcutaneous injection with 0.1 ml complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the footpad of the left hind paw. CS-embelin NPs (25 and 50 mg/kg) was administered from day 15 to day 28 after adjuvant injection. After the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed and various biochemical markers were assessed. RESULTS Arthritic score and paw swelling were significantly reduced after treatment with CS-embelin NPs. Arthritis-induced rats showed a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) with a concomitant reduction of antioxidants in the paw tissue. CS-embelin NPs (25 and 50 mg/kg) reduced MDA and NO levels and restored antioxidant levels to normalcy by mitigating oxidative stress. The arthritic rats exhibited elevated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) serum concentrations, upregulated TNF- α and IL-6 protein levels and upregulated nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) mRNA expression in paw tissues. Treatment with CS-embelin NPs (25 and 50 mg/kg) significantly reduced serum levels and down-regulated inflammatory markers to normalcy, dose-dependently. CONCLUSION The results suggest that CS-embelin NPs displayed a protective effect against adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats mediated through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Qu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur, India
| | - Anurag Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
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SreeHarsha N. Embelin impact on paraquat-induced lung injury through suppressing oxidative stress, inflammatory cascade, and MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22456. [PMID: 32020686 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current examination was intended to observe the defensive impacts of embelin against paraquat-incited lung damage in relationship with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. Oxidative stress marker, like malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidative enzymes, for example, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px), inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6, histological examination, and nuclear factor kappa B/mitogen-activated protein kinase (NF-κB/MAPK) gene expression were evaluated in lung tissue. Embelin treatment significantly decreased MDA and increased SOD, CAT, and GSH Px. Embelin significantly reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines in paraquat-administered and paraquat-intoxicated rats. In addition, embelin suggestively decreased relative protein expression of nuclear NF-κB p65, p-NF-κBp65, p38 MAPK, and p-p38 MAPKs in paraquat-intoxicated rats. The outcomes show the impact of embelin inhibitory action on NF-κB and MAPK and inflammatory cytokines release, and the decrease of lung tissue damage caused by paraquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraja SreeHarsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Gupta G, Dahiya R, Singh Y, Mishra A, Verma A, Gothwal SK, Aljabali AA, Dureja H, Prasher P, Negi P, Kapoor DN, Goyal R, Tambuwala MM, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Monotherapy of RAAS blockers and mobilization of aldosterone: A mechanistic perspective study in kidney disease. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 317:108975. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Di Paolo M, Papi L, Gori F, Turillazzi E. Natural Products in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Great Promise but an Ethical Challenge. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5170. [PMID: 31635296 PMCID: PMC6834164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represent one of the most important public health problems and concerns, as they are a growing cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, particularly in the elderly. Despite remarkable breakthroughs in our understanding of NDs, there has been little success in developing effective therapies. The use of natural products may offer great potential opportunities in the prevention and therapy of NDs; however, many clinical concerns have arisen regarding their use, mainly focusing on the lack of scientific support or evidence for their efficacy and patient safety. These clinical uncertainties raise critical questions from a bioethical and legal point of view, as considerations relating to patient decisional autonomy, patient safety, and beneficial or non-beneficial care may need to be addressed. This paper does not intend to advocate for or against the use of natural products, but to analyze the ethical framework of their use, with particular attention paid to the principles of biomedical ethics. In conclusion, the notable message that emerges is that natural products may represent a great promise for the treatment of many NDs, even if many unknown issues regarding the efficacy and safety of many natural products still remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Paolo
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Luigi Papi
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federica Gori
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Turillazzi
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Abebe W. Review of herbal medications with the potential to cause bleeding: dental implications, and risk prediction and prevention avenues. EPMA J 2019; 10:51-64. [PMID: 30984314 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-018-0158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plant products have been used in health care since time immemorial. During the past three decades, the use of herbal supplements has been on the rise in the USA. A number of these products have been shown to possess the potential to interfere with blood clotting. This paper is a review of blood-thinning herbal supplements commonly used in the USA, accompanied by discussion of the dental implications of their use along with suggestions for prediction and prevention of the risk of bleeding. Twenty herbal supplements belonging to four pharmacological groups are identified and reviewed. While the majority (45%) of the supplements reviewed possesses antiplatelet properties, the remaining are dispersed among anticoagulant (15%), a combination of antiplatelet and anticoagulant (15%), and other diverse groups (25%). The literature reveals that most of the available information on blood-thinning herbs is based on in vitro experiments, animal studies, and individual clinical case reports. Some herbal effects are also speculated based on theoretical grounds. These observations, together with the deficiency of the law regulating herbal supplements, indicate limitations of the literature and the regulatory mechanisms related to these products, further implying the need for additional research and improved regulation. While emphasizing the dental implications of the findings reported in the literature, suggestions were made for prediction and prevention of the risk of bleeding caused by herbal medications, based on the concepts of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worku Abebe
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, CL-2130, Augusta, GA 30912-1128 USA
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