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Olanlesi-Aliu A, Tulli M, Kemei J, Bonifacio G, Reif LC, Cardo V, Roche H, Hurley N, Salami B. A scoping review on the operationalization of intersectional health research methods in studies related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2302305. [PMID: 38207090 PMCID: PMC10786425 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2302305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic began in early 2020 and became a global health crisis with devastating impacts. This scoping review maps the key findings of research about the pandemic that has operationalized intersectional research methods around the world. It also tracks how these studies have engaged with methodological tenets of oppression, comparison, relationality, complexity, and deconstruction. METHODS Our search resulted in 14,487 articles, 5164 of which were duplicates, and 9297 studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. In total, 14 articles were included in this review. We used thematic analysis to analyse themes within this work and Misra et al. (2021) intersectional research framework to analyse the uptake of intersectional methods within such studies. RESULTS The research related to the COVID-19 pandemic globally is paying attention to issues around the financial impacts of the pandemic, discrimination, gendered impacts, impacts of and on social ties, and implications for mental health. We also found strong uptake of centring research in the context of oppression, but less attention is being paid to comparison, relationality, complexity, and deconstruction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show the importance of intersectional research within public health policy formation, as well as room for greater rigour in the use of intersectional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mia Tulli
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Janet Kemei
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Glenda Bonifacio
- Women and Gender Studies, Arts and Science, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Linda C. Reif
- CN Professor of International Trade, Law, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Valentina Cardo
- Politics and Identity, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Roche
- Department of English and Related Literature, University of York, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Hurley
- Dean of Humanities and Social Sciences, Memorial University¸Newfoundland and Labrador’s University, St. John’s Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Bukola Salami
- Intersections of Gender Signature Area, Intersections of Gender, Nursing, Fellow, Canadian Academy of Nursing, Health and Immigration Policies and Practices Research Program (HIPP), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Prendergast N, Boakye P, Bailey A, Igwenagu H, Burnett-Ffrench T. Anti-Black racism: Gaining insight into the experiences of Black nurses in Canada. Nurs Inq 2024; 31:e12604. [PMID: 37805821 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The call to address anti-Black racism in workplaces resonates across several organizations and institutions in Canada. But specifically, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic shed further light on how health inequities negatively impact the Black community. After conducting a literature review of the experiences of Black nurses in Canada, a deeper understanding of their plight was gained. In healthcare, the findings from the Black Nurses' Task Force report conclude that anti-Black racist practices are pervasive in nursing, and there remains a paucity of research in this area. This study builds off the report by exploring how Black nurses experience anti-Black racism while working in Canada's healthcare system. Inspired by critical race theory and Black feminist thought, an exploratory qualitative research study was conducted, using semistructured interviews to gather data. The study concludes that Black nurses experience anti-Black racism within the workplace, and it manifests itself through some of the attitudes of colleagues, patients, and nurses in leadership roles. Despite policies and statements that were in place to protect them, anti-Black racism continues to occur systematically. The findings point to the need for change in the overall workplace culture, which includes a fair representation of Black nurses in leadership roles, further research to identify best practices for tackling anti-Black racism within Canada's healthcare system, and mandatory training on anti-Black racism for healthcare leaders, educators, and service providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Prendergast
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Priscilla Boakye
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annette Bailey
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Honour Igwenagu
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tahja Burnett-Ffrench
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mundo Ortiz A, Nasri B. Socio-demographic determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Ontario: Exploring differences across the Health Region model. Vaccine 2024; 42:2106-2114. [PMID: 38413281 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a worldwide public health concern. Although vaccines against this disease were rapidly developed, vaccination uptake has not been equal across all the segments of the population, particularly in the case of underrepresented groups. However, there are also differences in vaccination across geographical areas, which might be important to consider in the development of future public health vaccination policies. In this study, we examined the relationship between vaccination status (having received the first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine), socio-economic strata, and the Health Regions for individuals in Ontario, Canada. Our results show that between October of 2021 and January of 2022, individuals from underrepresented communities were three times less likely to be vaccinated than White/Caucasian individuals across the province of Ontario, and that in some cases, within these groups, individuals in low-income brackets had significantly higher odds of vaccination when compared to their peers in high income brackets. Finally, we identified significantly lower odds of vaccination in the Central, East and West Health Regions of Ontario within certain underrepresented groups. This study shows that there is an ongoing need to better understand and address differences in vaccination uptake across diverse segments of the population of Ontario that the pandemic has largely impacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Mundo Ortiz
- Centre de Recherches Mathématiques, Université de Montréal. 2920 Ch de la Tour, Montréal, QC H3T 1N8, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal. 7101 Av du Parc, Montréal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada; Centre de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal. 7101 Av du Parc, Montréal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Bouchra Nasri
- Centre de Recherches Mathématiques, Université de Montréal. 2920 Ch de la Tour, Montréal, QC H3T 1N8, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal. 7101 Av du Parc, Montréal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada; Centre de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal. 7101 Av du Parc, Montréal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada.
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Ekhtiari S, Pincus D, Croxford R, Gatley JM, Khoshbin A, Atrey A, Paterson JM, Ravi B. Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on equity of access to hip and knee replacements: a population-level study. Int Orthop 2024; 48:635-642. [PMID: 38012311 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-023-06042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic had innumerable impacts on healthcare delivery. In Canada, this included limitations on inpatient capacity, which resulted in an increased focus on outpatient surgery for non-emergent cases such as joint replacements. The objective of this study was to assess whether the pandemic and the shift towards outpatient surgery had an impact on access to joint replacement for marginalized patients. METHODS Data from Ontario's administrative healthcare databases were obtained for all patients undergoing an elective hip or knee replacement between January 1, 2018 and August 31, 2021. All surgeries performed before March 15, 2020 were classified as "pre-COVID," while all procedures performed after that date were classified as "post-COVID." The Ontario Marginalization Index domains were used to analyze proportion of marginalized patients undergoing surgery pre- and post-COVID. RESULTS A total of 102,743 patients were included-42,812 hip replacements and 59,931 knee replacements. There was a significant shift towards outpatient surgery during the post-COVID period (1.1% of all cases pre-COVID to 13.2% post-COVID, p < 0.001). In the post-COVID cohort, there were significantly fewer patients from some marginalized groups, as well as fewer patients with certain co-morbidities, such as congestive heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CONCLUSION The most important finding of this population-level database study is that, compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a change in the profile of patients undergoing hip and knee replacements in Ontario, specifically across a range of indicators. Fewer marginalized patients are undergoing joint replacement surgery since the COVID-19 pandemic. Further monitoring of access to joint replacement surgery is required in order to ensure that surgery is provided to those who are most in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seper Ekhtiari
- Addenbrooke's - Cambridge University Hospitals, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sinai Health, University of Toronto, 476B-600 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Daniel Pincus
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Amir Khoshbin
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amit Atrey
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Bheeshma Ravi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Evans J, House J. "A prison is no place for a pandemic": Canadian prisoners' collective action in the time of COVID-19. Punishm Soc 2024; 26:168-186. [PMID: 38025206 PMCID: PMC10663120 DOI: 10.1177/14624745231194276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Since the onset of COVID-19, social protest has expanded significantly. Little, however, has been written on prison-led and prison justice organizing in the wake of the pandemic-particularly in the Canadian context. This article is a case study of prisoner organizing in Canada throughout the first 18 months of COVID-19, which draws on qualitative interviews, media, and documentary analysis. We argue that the pandemic generated conditions under which the grievances raised by prisoners, and the strategies through which they were articulated, made possible a discursive bridge to the anxieties and grievances experienced by those in the community, thinning the walls of state-imposed societal exclusion. We demonstrate that prisons are sites of fierce contestation and are deeply embedded in, rather than separate from, our society. An important lesson learned from this case study is the need for prison organizing campaigns to strategically embrace multi-issue framing and engage in sustained coalition building.
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Luhanga F, Maposa S, Puplampu V, Abudu E. "Let's Call a Spade a Spade. My Barrier is Being a Black Student": Challenges for Black Undergraduate Nursing Students in a Western Canadian Province. Can J Nurs Res 2023; 55:457-471. [PMID: 37661642 PMCID: PMC10619184 DOI: 10.1177/08445621231198632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We need more understanding of experiences that hinder or promote equity, diversity, and inclusion of Black students in undergraduate nursing programs to better inform their retention and success. PURPOSE To explore documented experiences of Black undergraduate nursing students, review barriers affecting their retention and success, and suggest evidence-based strategies to mitigate barriers that influence their well-being. METHODS We used a focused qualitative ethnography for recruiting Black former and current students (N = 18) in a Western Canadian province's undergraduate nursing programs via purposive and snowball sampling. Most participants were female, 34 years or younger, with over 50% currently in a nursing program. Five participants later attended a focus group to further validate the findings from the individual interviews. Descriptive statistics were used to describe participant characteristics; we applied a collaborative constant comparison and thematic analysis approach to their narratives. RESULTS Challenges influencing Black students' retention and success fell into four main interrelated subthemes: disengaging and hostile learning environments, systemic institutional and program barriers, navigation of personal struggles in disempowering learning environments, and recommendations to improve the delivery of nursing programs. Participants also recommended ways to improve diversity and mitigate these barriers, such as nursing programs offering anti-oppression courses, platforms for safe/healthy dialogue, and more culturally sensitive learning-centered programs and responsive supports. CONCLUSIONS The study findings underscore the need for research to better define nursing program conditions that nurture safe, learning-centred environments for Black students. A rethink of non-discriminatory, healthy learning-teaching engagements of Black students and the mitigation of anti-Black racism can best position institutions to promote equity, diversity, and inclusion of Black students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Luhanga
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sithokozile Maposa
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Vivian Puplampu
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Eunice Abudu
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Saskatchewan Polytechnic & University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Park S, Yon H, Ban CY, Shin H, Eum S, Lee SW, Shin YH, Shin JU, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Smith L, Min C, Yeniova AÖ, Kim SY, Lee J, Hadalin V, Kwon R, Koo MJ, Fond G, Boyer L, Kim S, Hahn JW, Kim N, Lefkir E, Bondeville V, Rhee SY, Shin JI, Yon DK, Woo HG. National trends in alcohol and substance use among adolescents from 2005 to 2021: a Korean serial cross-sectional study of one million adolescents. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:1071-1081. [PMID: 36977821 PMCID: PMC10049906 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous studies have provided data on early pandemic periods of alcohol and substance use in adolescents, more adequate studies are needed to predict the trends of alcohol and substance use during recent periods, including the mid-pandemic period. This study investigated the changes in alcohol and substance use, except tobacco use, throughout the pre-, early-, and mid-pandemic periods in adolescents using a nationwide serial cross-sectional survey from South Korea. METHODS Data on 1,109,776 Korean adolescents aged 13-18 years from 2005 to 2021 were obtained in a survey operated by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. We evaluated adolescents' alcohol and substance consumption prevalence and compared the slope of alcohol and substance prevalence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic to see the trend changes. We define the pre-COVID-19 period as consisting of four groups of consecutive years (2005-2008, 2009-2012, 2013-2015, and 2016-2019). The COVID-19 pandemic period is composed of 2020 (early-pandemic era) and 2021 (mid-pandemic era). RESULTS More than a million adolescents successfully met the inclusion criteria. The weighted prevalence of current alcohol use was 26.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 26.4-27.1] from 2005 to 2008 and 10.5% (95% CI 10.1-11.0) in 2020 and 2021. The weighted prevalence of substance use was 1.1% (95% CI 1.1-1.2) from 2005 to 2008 and 0.7% (95% CI 0.6-0.7) between 2020 and 2021. From 2005 to 2021, the overall trend of use of both alcohol and drugs was found to decrease, but the decline has slowed since COVID-19 epidemic (current alcohol use: βdiff 0.167; 95% CI 0.150-0.184; substance use: βdiff 0.152; 95% CI 0.110-0.194). The changes in the slope of current alcohol and substance use showed a consistent slowdown with regard to sex, grade, residence area, and smoking status from 2005 to 2021. CONCLUSION The overall prevalence of alcohol consumption and substance use among over one million Korean adolescents from the early and mid-stage (2020-2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic showed a slower decline than expected given the increase during the prepandemic period (2005-2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangil Park
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Hyunju Yon
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chae Yeon Ban
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoin Shin
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seounghyun Eum
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Youn Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung U Shin
- Department of Dermatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chanyang Min
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Abdullah Özgür Yeniova
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jinseok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Vlasta Hadalin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rosie Kwon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Min Ji Koo
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Guillaume Fond
- AP-HM, Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Creteil, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- AP-HM, Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Creteil, France
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Woo Hahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Namwoo Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eléa Lefkir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Victoire Bondeville
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Ho Geol Woo
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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Penot P, Chateauneuf J, Auperin I, Cordel H, Letembet VA, Bottero J, Cailhol J. Socioeconomic impact of the COVID-19 crisis and early perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines among immigrant and nonimmigrant people living with HIV followed up in public hospitals in Seine-Saint-Denis, France. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0276038. [PMID: 37862300 PMCID: PMC10588853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of the first year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was greater for vulnerable populations, such as immigrants, people living in disadvantaged urban areas, and people with chronic illnesses whose usual follow-up may have been disrupted. Immigrants receiving care for HIV in Seine-Saint-Denis' hospitals have a combination of such vulnerabilities, while nonimmigrant people living with HIV (PLWHIV) have more heterogeneous vulnerability profiles. The ICOVIH study aimed to compare the socioeconomic effects of the COVID-19 crisis as well as attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination among immigrant and nonimmigrant PLWHIV. A questionnaire assessed vulnerabilities prior to the COVID-19 epidemic and the impact of the early epidemic on administrative, residential, professional, and financial fields. We surveyed 296 adults living with HIV at four hospitals in Seine-Saint-Denis, the poorest metropolitan French department, between January and May 2021. Administrative barriers affected 9% of French-born versus 26.3% of immigrant participants. Immigrants experienced financial insecurity and hunger more often than nonimmigrant participants (21.8% versus 7.1% and 6.6% versus 3%, respectively). Spontaneous acceptance of vaccination was higher among nonimmigrant than among immigrant participants (56.7% versus 32.1%), while immigrants were more likely to wait for their doctor's recommendation or for their doctor to convince them than their French-born counterparts (34.2% versus 19.6%). The trust-based doctor‒patient relationship established through HIV follow-up appeared to be a determining factor in the high acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among immigrant participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Penot
- CEGIDD (Sexual Health and Infectious Disease Clinic), Centre Hospitalier André Grégoire, Montreuil, France
- Centre Population et Développement (Ceped), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) et Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julie Chateauneuf
- CEGIDD (Sexual Health and Infectious Disease Clinic), Centre Hospitalier André Grégoire, Montreuil, France
- Perinatal Network “Naître dans l’Est Francilien”, Centre Hospitalier André Grégoire, Montreuil, France
| | - Isabelle Auperin
- Addictology and Infectious Disease Unit, Centre Hospitalier André Grégoire, Montreuil, France
| | - Hugues Cordel
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Ward, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
| | - Valerie-Anne Letembet
- CEGIDD (Sexual Health and Infectious Disease Clinic), Centre Hospitalier André Grégoire, Montreuil, France
| | - Julie Bottero
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Ward, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
| | - Johann Cailhol
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Ward, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
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Fazli GS, Booth GL. Call for Action on the Upstream Determinants of Diabetes in Canada. Can J Diabetes 2023; 47:618-624. [PMID: 37271429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal S Fazli
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto Scarborough, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Gillian L Booth
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Etowa J, Ghose B, Etowa E, Dabone C, Luc M, Jacques A, Roelofs S, Unachukwu U, Brown-Shreves D, Osandatuwa G, Inoua H. Factors Associated with the Usefulness of Public Health Communication in the Context of COVID-19: Lessons Learned from the African, Caribbean, and Black Communities in Ottawa, Ontario. Infect Dis Rep 2023; 15:518-526. [PMID: 37736998 PMCID: PMC10514812 DOI: 10.3390/idr15050051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Public health communication is critical for promoting behaviours that can prevent the transmission of COVID-19. However, there are concerns about the effectiveness of public health communication within Canada's African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) communities. In the community sample of ACB people in Ottawa, Ontario, we asked community members if they perceive public health message related to COVID-19 to be effective. Using this question, the current study aimed to explore factors associated with the perceived usefulness of public health messages related to COVID-19. Results from the multivariate analysis have shown that ACB people with lower levels of risk perception for COVID-19 were less likely to perceive that public health messages were useful (OR = 0.405, p < 0.01). In addition, mistrust in government COVID-19 information was also negatively associated with their perception that health messages are useful (OR = 0.169, p < 0.01). For socioeconomic status, ACB people with no high school diploma (OR = 0.362, p < 0.05) and income dissatisfaction (OR = 0.431, p < 0.05) were less likely to report the perceived usefulness compared to those with a bachelor's degree and income satisfaction. Based on these findings, we discussed implications for policymakers and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Etowa
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1A 0A1, Canada
| | - Bishwajit Ghose
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1A 0A1, Canada
| | - Egbe Etowa
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Faculty of Community Services, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Canadians of African Descent Health Organization, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Charles Dabone
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1A 0A1, Canada
- Canadians of African Descent Health Organization, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Malemo Luc
- Ottawa Public Health, Ottawa, ON K2G 6J8, Canada
| | - Amoy Jacques
- CO-CREATH Lab, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1A 0A1, Canada
| | - Susan Roelofs
- CO-CREATH Lab, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1A 0A1, Canada
| | - Ubabuko Unachukwu
- C.T. Lamont Primary Care Research Centre, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1R 6M1, Canada
| | - Danielle Brown-Shreves
- Department of Family Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, ON K7L 3G2, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Restore Medical Clinics, Ottawa, ON K1S 4G4, Canada
| | - Glory Osandatuwa
- CO-CREATH Lab, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1A 0A1, Canada
| | - Haoua Inoua
- AIDS Committee of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1S 1A9, Canada
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11
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Surti MS, Amarbayan MM, McNeil DA, Hayden KA, Donald M, Patey AM, Bruce M, Castillo E. Resources available for parent-provider vaccine communication in pregnancy in Canada: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072473. [PMID: 37607800 PMCID: PMC10445382 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vaccination in pregnancy (VIP) is a protective measure for pregnant individuals and their babies. Healthcare provider's (HCP) recommendations are important in promoting VIP. However, a lack of strong recommendations and accessible resources to facilitate communication impact uptake. This study sought to determine the extent of and characterise the resources available for parent-provider vaccine communication in pregnancy in Canada using a behavioural theory-informed approach. DESIGN Scoping review. METHODS In accordance with the JBI methodology, nine disciplinary and interdisciplinary databases were searched, and a systematic grey literature search was conducted in March and January 2022, respectively. Eligible studies included resources available to HCPs practising in Canada when discussing VIP, and resources tailored to pregnant individuals. Two reviewers piloted a representative sample of published and grey literature using inclusion-exclusion criteria and the Authority, Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity, Date, Significance guidelines (for grey literature only). Sixty-five published articles and 1079 grey reports were screened for eligibility, of which 19 articles and 166 reports were included, respectively. RESULTS From the 19 published literature articles and 166 grey literature reports, 95% were driven by the 'Knowledge' domain of the Theoretical Domains Framework, while n=34 (18%) addressed the 'Skills' domain. Other gaps included a lack of VIP-specific tools to address hesitancy and a lack of information on culturally safe counselling practices. CONCLUSION The study suggests a need for resources in Canada to improve VIP communication skills and improve access to vaccination information for HCPs and pregnant individuals. The absence of such resources may hinder VIP uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Santosh Surti
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Deborah A McNeil
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Maternal, Newborn, Child and Youth Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - K Alix Hayden
- Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maoliosa Donald
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrea M Patey
- Centre for Implementation Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcia Bruce
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eliana Castillo
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Maternal, Newborn, Child and Youth Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Humphries DL, Sodipo M, Jackson SD. The intersectionality-based policy analysis framework: demonstrating utility through application to the pre-vaccine U.S. COVID-19 policy response. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1040851. [PMID: 37655290 PMCID: PMC10466398 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1040851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Few guidelines exist for the development of socially responsible health policy, and frameworks that balance considerations of data, strategy, and equity are limited. The Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis (IBPA) framework utilizes a structured questioning process to consider problems and policies, while applying guiding principles of equity, social justice, power, intersectionality, and diversity of knowledge and input. We apply the IBPA framework's guiding principles and questions to the pre-vaccine U.S. COVID-19 policy response. Results suggest the IBPA approach is a promising tool for integrating equity considerations in the development of policy solutions to urgent US public health challenges, including the COVID-19 pandemic. We found the IBPA framework particularly useful in differentiating between problems or policies and representations of problems or policies, and in considering the impacts of representations on different groups. The explicit inclusion of short-, medium- and long-term solutions is a reminder of the importance of holding a long-term vision of the equitable public health system we want while working towards immediate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Sodipo
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, United States
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13
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Fang X, Davids J, Koestner R. Disparities in Healthcare Accessibility and Discrimination Faced by Black Quebecers: a Race and Language Perspective. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01724-0. [PMID: 37495906 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The Black population in Canada is characterized by its long-established history and diversity. The present study aims to expand our current understanding of the relation between discrimination and disparities in healthcare by including race and language as determinants of health. We recruited 531 Black adults who are currently living in Quebec, Canada, to complete a survey measuring socio-demographic characteristics, mental and physical health, accessibility to healthcare, and experiences of discrimination. Results showed that being a racialized and linguistic minority population in Quebec, English-speaking Black participants experienced more discrimination, fewer healthcare providers, less access to COVID-19 information during the COVID-19 pandemic, and were more dissatisfied with the healthcare system than French-speaking Black participants. Furthermore, the negative impacts of healthcare access associated with being a racialized and linguistic minority population in Quebec (e.g., the English-speaking Black population) were shown to be mediated by experiences of discrimination and dissatisfaction with the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Davids
- Black Community Resource Centre, Montreal, Canada
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14
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Sanchez MC, Nyarko D, Mulji J, Džunić A, Surti M, Mangat A, Mainali D, Spitzer DL. Health Care for All: Undocumented Migrants and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Alberta, Canada-A Scoping Review. J Migr Health 2023; 7:100192. [PMID: 37317684 PMCID: PMC10249367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marian C Sanchez
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, ECHA 3-300, 11405 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | | | - Jenna Mulji
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta
| | - Anja Džunić
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta
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15
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Chung RYN, Lee TTY, Chan SM, Chung GKK, Chan YH, Wong SYS, Lai E, Wong H, Yeoh EK, Marmot M, Woo J. Experience of South and Southeast Asian minority women in Hong Kong during COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:110. [PMID: 37268921 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-01922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hong Kong has a relatively low incidence rate of COVID-19 across the globe. Nevertheless, ethnic minorities in Hong Kong, especially South Asians (SAs) and Southeast Asians (SEAs), face numerous physical, mental, social, economic, cultural and religious challenges during the pandemic. This study explores the experiences of SA and SEA women in a predominantly Chinese metropolitan city. METHODS Ten SA and SEA women were recruited and face-to-face interviews were conducted. Questions about participants' daily life experience, physical and mental health conditions, economic situation and social interaction amid COVID-19 pandemic were asked to assess the impact of COVID-19. RESULTS SAs and SEAs have a distinctive family culture, and women experienced significant physical and mental impact of COVID-19 due to their unique gender role in the family. In addition to taking care of their family in Hong Kong, SA and SEA women also had to mentally and financially support family members residing in their home countries. Access to COVID-related information was restricted due to language barrier. Public health measures including social distancing imposed extra burden on ethnic minorities with limited social and religious support. CONCLUSIONS Even when COVID-19 incidence rate is relatively low in Hong Kong, the pandemic made life even more challenging for SAs and SEAs, which is a community already struggling with language barriers, financial woes, and discrimination. This in turn could have led to greater health inequalities. Government and civil organizations should take the social determinants of health inequalities into account when implementing COVID-19-related public health policies and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Yat-Nork Chung
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK Centre for Bioethics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tobey Tsz-Yan Lee
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu-Ming Chan
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary Ka-Ki Chung
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yat-Hang Chan
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Samuel Yeung-Shan Wong
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Lai
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Wong
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eng Kiong Yeoh
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Marmot
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Health Equity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Woo
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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16
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MacDonnell JA, Dastjerdi FM, Bokore N, Tharao W. Activism and immigrant women's mental health and wellbeing: Building Canadian service provider capacity in the settlement and mental health sectors. Health Care Women Int 2023; 45:579-599. [PMID: 37010454 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2023.2190981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
In this qualitative community-based research, we explore service providers' use of activism-based resources and the supports they need to use activism as a tool to promote the mental health and wellbeing of racialized immigrant women. 19 service providers working in settlement and mental health services in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada, participated in one of three focus groups. We analyzed the data using a postcolonial feminist lens. Service providers' understandings of activism, strategies for promoting client mental health and wellbeing, and organizational barriers shaping their practice emerged as relevant. We offer recommendations for building activism-based resources, programs and services that include collaborations with racialized immigrant women communities and action at the organizational level to support service provider practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nimo Bokore
- School of Social Work, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wangari Tharao
- Women's Health in Women's Hands Community Health Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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O’Mahony J, Kassam S, Clark N, Asbjoern T. Use of participatory action research to support Syrian refugee mothers in the resettlement period in Canada: A longitudinal study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281765. [PMID: 36802378 PMCID: PMC9942982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that refugees in a foreign country often experience physical and mental health challenges upon resettlement (Ahmad et al., 2021; Salam et al., 2022). In Canada, refugee women experience a range of physical and mental barriers, including poor access to interpreter services and transportation, and a lack of accessible childcare, all of which can negatively affect their successful integration (Stirling Cameron et al., 2022). Social factors that support Syrian refugees to settle successfully in Canada have been unexplored systematically. This study examines these factors from the perspectives of Syrian refugee mothers living in the province of British Columbia (BC). Framed by principles of intersectionality and community-based participatory action research (PAR), the study draws on Syrian mothers' perspectives of social support in early, middle, and later phases of resettlement. A qualitative longitudinal design consisting of a sociodemographic survey, personal diaries, and in-depth interviews was used to gather information. Descriptive data were coded, and theme categories were assigned. Six themes emerged from data analysis: (1) Steps in the Migration Journey; (2) Pathways to Integrated Care; (3) Social Determinants of Refugee Health; (4) COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts and Ongoing Resettlement; (5) Strength-Based Capabilities of Syrian mothers; (6) Peer Research Assistant's Research (PRAs) Experience. Results from themes 5 and 6 are published separately. Data obtained in this study contribute to the development of support services that are culturally appropriate and accessible to refugee women living in BC. Our objectives are to promote the mental health and improve the quality of life of this female population, and to enable it to access healthcare services and resources in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce O’Mahony
- School of Nursing, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Shahin Kassam
- Faculty of Human and Social Development, School of Nursing, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nancy Clark
- Faculty of Human and Social Development, School of Nursing, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Trichia Asbjoern
- School of Nursing, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
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18
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Cooper Brathwaite A, Varsailles D, Haynes D. Building Solidarity with Black Nurses to Dismantle Systemic and Structural Racism in Nursing. Policy Polit Nurs Pract 2023; 24:5-16. [PMID: 36300199 DOI: 10.1177/15271544221130052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Systemic and structural racism in nursing have profound impacts on Black People, Indigenous Peoples, and People of Color. They contributed to underrepresentation in faculty, senior nurse executives, and presidents' positions in academic and healthcare organizations, physical and mental health issues in racialized groups. This quality improvement study described ways in which the Black Nurses Task Force of the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario can build solidarity with nursing and government organizations to dismantle systemic and structural racism in nursing. This study used a structured online survey, comprised of quantitative and qualitative questions. The qualitative data were analyzed using interpretative thematic analysis and the quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Findings showed that 88% of participants experienced racism and 63% said racism affected their mental health. Three themes emerged from the qualitative data: Social support for Black nurses, accountability of leaders and solidarity with Black nurses. These findings demonstrated the urgent need to dismantle systemic and structural racism in nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dania Varsailles
- Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deborah Haynes
- Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO), Toronto, ON, Canada
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19
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Kemei J, Tulli M, Olanlesi-Aliu A, Tunde-Byass M, Salami B. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Black Communities in Canada. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1580. [PMID: 36674335 PMCID: PMC9862348 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in differential impacts on the Black communities in Canada and has unmasked existing race-related health inequities. The purpose of this study was to illuminate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Black people in Canada. Historically, social inequalities have determined the impacts of pandemics on the population, and in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, disproportionate infections and mortalities have become evident among racialized communities in Canada. This qualitative descriptive study utilized an intersectionality framework. We invited Black stakeholders across Canada to participate in semi-structured interviews to deepen our knowledge of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Black communities in Canada. A total of 30 interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using content analysis. Our findings fell into three categories: (1) increased vulnerability to COVID-19 disease, (2) mental impacts, and (3) addressing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings show the underlying systemic inequities in Canada and systemic racism exacerbated health inequities among the Black communities and undermined interventions by public health agencies to curb the spread of COVID-19 and associated impacts on Black and other racialized communities. The paper concludes by identifying critical areas for future intervention in policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Kemei
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Mia Tulli
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | | | - Modupe Tunde-Byass
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Bukola Salami
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
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20
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Myroniuk TW, Teti M, Schatz E, David I. Similarities in COVID-19 Mortality Between Canadian Provinces and American States Before Vaccines Were Available. Can Stud Popul 2023; 50:2. [PMID: 36974079 PMCID: PMC10034245 DOI: 10.1007/s42650-023-00073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Canada and the USA are often compared for their markedly different approaches to health care despite cultural similarities and sharing the world’s longest international boundary. The period between the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020 and the availability of a vaccine in December 2020 offers an ideal opportunity to compare subnational Canadian and American pandemic mortality. Preventing the spread of COVID-19 was through compliance with health orders and best practices; treatment was only available to those admitted to hospitals and whose lives were at risk. Using publicly available data from the Johns Hopkins University 2019 Novel Coronavirus Visual Dashboard, we seek to uncover if there were any similarities in Canadian provinces’ and American states’ monthly COVID-19 mortality per 100,000 people, building on a broader scientific push towards understanding the successes and failures of different health systems in the pandemic. The similar province and state cumulative COVID-19 mortality rate trajectories identified in our analyses do not amount to intuitive comparative jurisdictions which suggests the importance of identifying localized pandemic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W. Myroniuk
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Michelle Teti
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Enid Schatz
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Ifeolu David
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
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21
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Luhanga F, Maposa S, Puplampu V, Abudu E, Chigbogu I. "You have to strive very hard to prove yourself": experiences of Black nursing students in a Western Canadian province. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh 2023; 20:ijnes-2022-0094. [PMID: 37294866 DOI: 10.1515/ijnes-2022-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explored the experiences of Black students in two western Canadian undergraduate nursing programs. METHODS Using a qualitative focused ethnography design grounded in critical race theory and intersectionality, participants were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected through individual interviews, and a follow-up focus group. Data were analyzed using collaborative-thematic analysis team approaches. RESULTS n=18 current and former students participated. Five themes emerged: systemic racism in nursing, precarious immigrant context, mental health/well-being concerns, coping mechanisms, and suggestions for improvement. CONCLUSIONS An improved understanding of Black student experiences can inform their recruitment and retention. Supporting Black students' success can potentially improve equity, diversity, and inclusivity in nursing education programs and/or their representation in the Canadian nursing workforce. IMPLICATIONS FOR AN INTERNATIONAL AUDIENCE The presence of a diverse nursing profession is imperative to meet the needs to provide more quality and culturally competent services to diverse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Luhanga
- School of Nursing, Saskatchewan Polytechnic, Regina campus, Regina, SK
| | - Sithokozile Maposa
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Prince Albert Campus, Prince Albert, SK, Canada
| | - Vivian Puplampu
- School of Nursing, Saskatchewan Polytechnic, Regina campus, Regina, SK
| | - Eunice Abudu
- School of Nursing, Saskatchewan Polytechnic, Regina campus, Regina, SK
- University of Regina, Regina, SK
| | - Irene Chigbogu
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
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22
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Bourrier MS, Deml MJ. The Legacy of the Pandemic Preparedness Regime: An Integrative Review. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604961. [PMID: 36545404 PMCID: PMC9760677 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The global response to COVID-19 inherited a long history of preparedness features pertaining to various threats, including bioterrorism, (re)-emerging infectious diseases, and pandemics. We describe the evolution of pandemic preparedness frameworks, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted an integrative literature review of publicly available documents, including grey and scientific literature, on pandemic preparedness frameworks. We relied on social science literature as a main source and used search keywords: pandemic preparedness, H1N1, COVID-19, "whole-of-society"/"whole-of-community." Results: The H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010) tested pandemic preparedness frameworks. Lessons-learned reports concluded that the global H1N1 response were too strong and unnecessarily alarming. Such critiques, pandemic fatigue, and budgetary cuts post-2008 explain lack of preparedness for COVID-19. Critiques culminated in a shift towards a "whole-of-society" approach to health crises, although its uptake has not been ideal. Conclusion: Traditional preparedness regime limits arose again during the COVID-19 pandemic. The "whole-of-society" approach was not fully deployed in COVID-19 responses. A "whole-of-organizations" approach could be designed, ensuring that countries consider local organizations' potential to partake in containing infectious disease and counter undesirable side-effects of non-pharmaceutical measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde S. Bourrier
- Department of Sociology, Institute of Sociological Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Department of Quality and Health Technology, SHARE Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway,*Correspondence: Mathilde S. Bourrier,
| | - Michael J. Deml
- Department of Sociology, Institute of Sociological Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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23
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Cénat JM, Noorishad PG, Bakombo SM, Onesi O, Mesbahi A, Darius WP, Caulley L, Yaya S, Chomienne MH, Etowa J, Venkatesh V, Dalexis RD, Pongou R, Labelle PR. A Systematic Review on Vaccine Hesitancy in Black Communities in Canada: Critical Issues and Research Failures. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1937. [PMID: 36423032 PMCID: PMC9695687 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Black communities have been disproportionately impacted by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Canada, in terms of both number of infections and mortality rates. Yet, according to early studies, vaccine hesitancy appears to be higher in Black communities. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the prevalence and factors associated with vaccine hesitancy in Black communities in Canada. Peer-reviewed studies published from 11 March 2020 to 26 July 2022, were searched through eleven databases: APA PsycInfo (Ovid), Cairn.info, Canadian Business & Current Affairs (ProQuest), CPI.Q (Gale OneFile), Cochrane CENTRAL (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Érudit, Global Health (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (Ovid), and Web of Science (Clarivate). Eligible studies were published in French or English and had empirical data on the prevalence or factors associated with vaccine hesitancy in samples or subsamples of Black people. Only five studies contained empirical data on vaccine hesitancy in Black individuals and were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. Black individuals represented 1.18% (n = 247) of all included study samples (n = 20,919). Two of the five studies found that Black individuals were more hesitant to be vaccinated against COVID-19 compared to White individuals, whereas the other three found no significant differences. The studies failed to provide any evidence of factors associated with vaccine hesitancy in Black communities. Despite national concerns about vaccine hesitancy in Black communities, a color-blind approach is still predominant in Canadian health research. Of about 40 studies containing empirical data on vaccine hesitancy in Canada, only five contained data on Black communities. None analyzed factors associated with vaccine hesitancy in Black communities. Policies and strategies to strengthen health research in Black communities and eliminate the color-blind approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | | - Schwab Mulopo Bakombo
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Olivia Onesi
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Aya Mesbahi
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Wina Paul Darius
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Lisa Caulley
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Family Medicine University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London NW9 7PA, UK
| | - Marie-Hélène Chomienne
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Family Medicine University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada
| | - Josephine Etowa
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Vivek Venkatesh
- Department of Art Education, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3H 1M8, Canada
| | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Roland Pongou
- Department of Economics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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24
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Bruhn S. "Me Cuesta Mucho": Latina immigrant mothers navigating remote learning and caregiving during COVID-19. J Soc Issues 2022; 79:JOSI12546. [PMID: 36249556 PMCID: PMC9538912 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Before the pandemic, immigrant mothers from Latin America in the United States typically shouldered the weight of caregiving for children, maintained jobs, and managed transnational care responsibilities. But as COVID-19 erupted across the globe, the combination of gendered roles and a collapsing economy ruptured the already fragile arrangement of childcare and paid labor for Latina immigrant mothers. In this article, I examine how school closures intersected with Latina women's identities and social positions as immigrant mothers who suddenly confronted job loss, illness, and increased familial responsibilities. I show how Latina immigrant women renegotiated relationships to schooling, becoming teachers overnight in an unfamiliar system. Mothers shifted educational aspirations for their children to prioritize safety, as they managed increased stress and conflict while schools remained remote. I demonstrate how the breakdowns in care infrastructure forced mothers to rethink the elusive balance between paid labor and childcare, especially for those who were undocumented. Throughout, I explore how immigrant women's intersecting identities left them vulnerable to structural racism and exclusionary immigration policies. Despite the multiple layers of struggle, women continued to support their children's education and socio-emotional well-being, even in the face of multiple levels of gendered, racialized inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bruhn
- Harvard Graduate School of EducationHarvard UniversitySomervilleMassachusettsUSA
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25
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Timothy R, Chin-See RA, Martyniuk J, Djiadeu P. The national and global impact of systemic and structural violence on the effective prevention, treatment and management of COVID-19 in the African/Black population: Protocol for a Scoping Review (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e40381. [PMID: 36219749 PMCID: PMC9578518 DOI: 10.2196/40381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As COVID-19 ravages the globe and cases increase rapidly, countries are presented with challenging policy choices to contain and mitigate its spread. In Canada and globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has added a new stratum to the debate concerning the root causes of global and racial health inequities and disparities. Individuals who exist as targets of systemic inequities are not only more susceptible to contracting COVID-19, but also more likely to bear the greatest social, economic, and physical burdens. Therefore, data collection that focuses on the impact of COVID-19 on the lives and health of African/Black communities worldwide is needed to develop intersectional, culturally relative, antiracist/antioppression, and empowerment-centered interventions and social policies for supporting affected communities. Objective The primary objective of this review is to investigate the impact and management of COVID-19 among African/Black individuals and communities, and understand how anti-Black racism and intersectional violence impact the health of African/Black communities during the pandemic. Moreover, the study aims to explore research pertaining to the impact of COVID-19 on Black communities in the global context. We seek to determine how Black communities are impacted with regard to structural violence, systematic racism, and health outcomes, and the ways in which attempts have been made to mitigate or manage the consequences of the pandemic and other injurious agents. Methods A systematic search of quantitative and qualitative studies published on COVID-19 will be conducted in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (EBSCO), Cochrane Library, PsychInfo (Ovid), CAB Abstracts (Ovid), Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate), and Global Index Medicus. To be included in the review, studies should present data on COVID-19 in relation to African/Black individuals, populations, and communities in the global sphere. Studies must discuss racism, oppression, antioppression, or systemic and structural violence and be published in English, French, Spanish, or Portuguese. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, the findings will be synthesized quantitatively and qualitatively through thematic analysis. The risk of bias will not be assessed. Results Title, abstract, and full-text screening concluded in June 2022. Data collection is in progress and is expected to be completed by December 2022. Data analysis and drafting of the manuscript will be done thereafter. Findings from the scoping review are expected to be provided for peer review in 2023. Conclusions This review will collect important data and evidence related to COVID-19 in African/Black communities. The findings could help identify existing gaps in COVID-19 management in African/Black communities and inform future research paradigms. Furthermore, the findings could be applied to decision-making for health policy and promotion, and could potentially influence services provided by health care facilities and community organizations around the globe. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/40381
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Timothy
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Julia Martyniuk
- Gerstein Science Information Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pascal Djiadeu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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26
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Jacques-Aviñó C, López-Jiménez T, Bennett M, Medina-Perucha L, León-Gómez BB, Berenguera A. Self-Reported Anxiety in Spain: A Gendered Approach One Year After the Start of COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:873891. [PMID: 35784235 PMCID: PMC9244400 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.873891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on mental health. However, there is little evidence on how different axes of social inequity influence mental health from a gender perspective and over time. Our aim is to analyze anxiety according to gender identity and other axes of social inequities (migration status, sexual orientation, age, and employment conditions) one year after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. We conducted a cross-sectional study among adults living in Spain with an online survey from April 8 to May 28, 2021. The main variable was anxiety measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Sex-stratified multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between axes of inequities and anxiety. Our findings (N = 2,053) suggest that women have greater anxiety risk than men (35.2 vs. 28.2%, respectively). We observe in both genders that there is a clear age gradient, with anxiety decreasing as age increases; and that there is an association between worsening employment status and anxiety risk, although there is a difference between women by education level. Additionally, not having Spanish nationality is also associated with greater anxiety risk in women. In men, identifying as non-heterosexual is associated with a higher risk of anxiety. The axes of inequities have different effects according to gender identity. These differences in anxiety risk by population subgroup must be taken into account in order to sensibly and equitably treat the surge in mental health disorders brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Jacques-Aviñó
- Unitat Transversal de Recerca, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomàs López-Jiménez
- Unitat Transversal de Recerca, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthew Bennett
- Unitat Transversal de Recerca, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Medina-Perucha
- Unitat Transversal de Recerca, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Berenguera
- Unitat Transversal de Recerca, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament d'Infermeria, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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27
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Cooper Brathwaite A, Versailles D, Juüdi-Hope D, Coppin M, Jefferies K, Bradley R, Campbell R, Garraway C, Obewu O, LaRonde-Ogilvie C, Sinclair D, Groom B, Grinspun D. Tackling discrimination and systemic racism in academic and workplace settings. Nurs Inq 2022; 29:e12485. [PMID: 35015317 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Racism against Black people, Indigenous and other racialized people continues to exist in healthcare and academic settings. Racism produces profound harm to racialized people. Strategies to address systemic racism must be implemented to bring about sustainable changes in healthcare and academic settings. This quality improvement initiative provides strategies to address systemic racism and discrimination against Black nurses and nursing students in Ontario, Canada. It is part of a broader initiative showcasing Black nurses in action to end racism and discrimination. We have found that people who have experienced racism need healing, support and protection including trauma-related services to facilitate their healing. Implementing multi-level, multi-pronged interventions in workplaces will create healthy work environments for all members of society, especially Black nurses who are both clients/patients and providers of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dania Versailles
- Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daria Juüdi-Hope
- Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maurice Coppin
- Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keisha Jefferies
- Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renee Bradley
- Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Racquel Campbell
- Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corsita Garraway
- Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ola Obewu
- Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Dionne Sinclair
- Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany Groom
- Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Doris Grinspun
- Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Racine N, Eirich R, Cooke J, Zhu J, Pador P, Dunnewold N, Madigan S. When the Bough Breaks: A systematic review and meta-analysis of mental health symptoms in mothers of young children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Infant Ment Health J 2021; 43:36-54. [PMID: 34962649 PMCID: PMC9015533 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parents have experienced considerable challenges and stress during the COVID‐19 pandemic, which may impact their well‐being. This meta‐analysis sought to identify: (1) the prevalence of depression and anxiety in parents of young children (<age 5) during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and (2) sociodemographic (e.g., parent age, being racially minoritized) and methodological moderators (e.g., study quality) that explain heterogeneity among studies. A systematic search was conducted across four databases from January 1, 2020 to March 3, 2021. A total of 18 non‐overlapping studies (8981 participants), all focused on maternal mental health, met inclusion criteria. Random‐effect meta‐analyses were conducted. Pooled prevalence estimates for clinically significant depression and anxiety symptoms for mothers of young children during the COVID‐19 pandemic were 26.9% (95% CI: 21.3–33.4) and 41.9% (95% CI: 26.7–58.8), respectively. Prevalence of clinically elevated depression and anxiety symptoms were higher in Europe and North America and among older mothers. Clinically elevated depressive symptoms were lower in studies with a higher percentage of individuals who were racially minoritized. In comparison, clinically elevated anxiety symptoms were higher among studies of low study quality and in samples with highly educated mothers. Policies and resources targeting improvements in maternal mental health are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Racine
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rachel Eirich
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jessica Cooke
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jenney Zhu
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paolo Pador
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicole Dunnewold
- Health Sciences Library, Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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29
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Etowa J, Sano Y, Hyman I, Dabone C, Mbagwu I, Ghose B, Osman M, Mohamoud H. Difficulties accessing health care services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada: examining the intersectionality between immigrant status and visible minority status. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:255. [PMID: 34915891 PMCID: PMC8674863 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Difficulties accessing health care services can result in delaying in seeking and obtaining treatment. Although these difficulties are disproportionately experienced among vulnerable groups, we know very little about how the intersectionality of realities experienced by immigrants and visible minorities can impact their access to health care services since the pandemic. METHODS Using Statistics Canada's Crowdsourcing Data: Impacts of COVID-19 on Canadians-Experiences of Discrimination, we combine two variables (i.e., immigrant status and visible minority status) to create a new variable called visible minority immigrant status. This multiplicative approach is commonly used in intersectionality research, which allows us to explore disadvantages experienced by minorities with multiplicative identities. RESULTS Main results show that, compared to white native-born, visible minority immigrants are less likely to report difficulties accessing non-emergency surgical care (OR = 0.55, p < 0.001), non-emergency diagnostic test (OR = 0.74, p < 0.01), dental care (OR = 0.71, p < 0.001), mental health care (OR = 0.77, p < 0.05), and making an appointment for rehabilitative care (OR = 0.56, p < 0.001) but more likely to report difficulties accessing emergency services/urgent care (OR = 1.46, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We conclude that there is a dynamic interplay of factors operating at multiple levels to shape the impact of COVID-19 related needs to be addressed through changes in social policies, which can tackle unique struggles faced by visible minority immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Etowa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Yujiro Sano
- Department of Sociology, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Ilene Hyman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles Dabone
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Canadians of African Descent Health Organization, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ikenna Mbagwu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Canadians of African Descent Health Organization, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bishwajit Ghose
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Muna Osman
- Ottawa Local Immigrant Partnership, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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30
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Etowa J, Hyman I, Dabone C, Mbagwu I, Ghose B, Sano Y, Osman M, Mohamoud H. Strengthening the Collection and Use of Disaggregated Data to Understand and Monitor the Risk and Burden of COVID-19 Among Racialized Populations. Can Stud Popul 2021;:1-16. [PMID: 34629702 DOI: 10.1007/s42650-021-00050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the risk and burden of COVID-19 infections are not equally distributed across population subgroups and that racialized communities are experiencing disproportionately higher morbidity and mortality rates. However, due to the absence of large-scale race-based data, it is impossible to measure the extent to which immigrant and racialized communities are experiencing the pandemic and the impact of measures taken (or not) to mitigate these impacts, especially at a local level. To address this issue, the Ottawa Local Immigration Partnership partnered with the Collaborative Critical Research for Equity and Transformation in Health lab at the University of Ottawa and the Canadians of African Descent Health Organization to implement a project to build local organizational capacities to understand, monitor, and mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immigrant and racialized populations. This research note describes the working framework used for this project, proposed indicators for measuring the determinants of health among immigrant and racialized populations, and the data gaps we encountered. Recommendations are made to policymakers, and community and health stakeholders at all levels on how to collect and use data to address COVID-19 health inequities, including data collection strategies aimed at community engagement in the collection of disaggregated data, improving methods for collecting and analyzing data on immigrants and racialized groups and policies to enable and enhance data disaggregation. Résumé Des plus en plus d'études montrent que le risque et le fardeau des infections à la COVID-19 ne sont pas également répartis dans la population et que les communautés racialisées connaissent des taux de morbidité et de mortalité disproportionnellement plus élevés. Cependant, en raison de l'absence de données ventilés selon le statut ethnique, il est impossible de mesurer comment les communautés immigrantes et racialisées vivent la pandémie et quel est l'impact des mesures prises (ou non) pour atténuer ces effets, surtout à un niveau local. Pour résoudre ce problème, le Partenariat local pour l'immigration d'Ottawa (PLIO) s'est associé au Laboratoire de recherche critique collaborative pour l'équité et la transformation en santé (CO-CREATH) de l'Université d'Ottawa et l'Organisation de la santé des Canadiens d'ascendance africaine (CADHO) aux fins de mettre en œuvre un projet visant à renforcer les capacités organisationnelles locales pour comprendre, surveiller et atténuer l'impact de la pandémie de la COVID-19 sur les populations immigrantes et racialisées. Cette note de recherche décrit le cadre de travail utilisé pour ce projet, les indicateurs proposés pour mesurer les déterminants de la santé chez les populations immigrantes et racialisées, et les lacunes que nous avons identifiés dans les données existants. Des recommandations sont faites aux décideurs politiques et aux acteurs communautaires et de la santé à tous les niveaux sur comment collecter et utiliser les données pour remédier aux inégalités en matière de santé liées à la COVID-19. Ces recommandations font référence aux stratégies de collecte de données visant à impliquer les communautés, à l'amélioration des méthodes de collecte et d'analyse des données sur les immigrants et les groupes racialisés, et aux politiques nécessaires pour permettre et améliorer la désagrégation des données selon le statut ethnique.
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Nxumalo F, Gitari W. Introduction à la thématique spéciale portant sur le combat contre le racisme anti-noir dans la formation donnée en sciences, en mathématiques, en technologie et dans les STIM. Can J Sci Math and Technol Educ 2021; 21:232-238. [PMID: 38624704 PMCID: PMC8310410 DOI: 10.1007/s42330-021-00162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fikile Nxumalo
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V6 Canada
| | - Wanja Gitari
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V6 Canada
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32
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Nxumalo F, Gitari W. Introduction to the Special Theme on Responding to Anti-Blackness in Science, Mathematics, Technology and STEM Education. Can J Sci Math and Technol Educ 2021; 21:226-231. [PMID: 38624893 PMCID: PMC8300068 DOI: 10.1007/s42330-021-00160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Fikile Nxumalo
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V6 Canada
| | - Wanja Gitari
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V6 Canada
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