1
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Argiroff WA, Carrell AA, Klingeman DM, Dove NC, Muchero W, Veach AM, Wahl T, Lebreux SJ, Webb AB, Peyton K, Schadt CW, Cregger MA. Seasonality and longer-term development generate temporal dynamics in the Populus microbiome. mSystems 2024; 9:e0088623. [PMID: 38421171 PMCID: PMC10949431 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00886-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporal variation in community composition is central to our understanding of the assembly and functioning of microbial communities, yet the controls over temporal dynamics for microbiomes of long-lived plants, such as trees, remain unclear. Temporal variation in tree microbiomes could arise primarily from seasonal (i.e., intra-annual) fluctuations in community composition or from longer-term changes across years as host plants age. To test these alternatives, we experimentally isolated temporal variation in plant microbiome composition using a common garden and clonally propagated plants, and we used amplicon sequencing to characterize bacterial/archaeal and fungal communities in the leaf endosphere, root endosphere, and rhizosphere of two Populus spp. over four seasons across two consecutive years. Microbial community composition differed among seasons and years (which accounted for up to 21% of the variation in microbial community composition) and was correlated with seasonal dissimilarity in climatic conditions. However, microbial community dissimilarity was also positively correlated with time, reflecting longer-term compositional shifts as host trees aged. Together, our findings demonstrate that temporal patterns in tree microbiomes arise from both seasonal fluctuations and longer-term changes, which interact to generate unique seasonal patterns each year. In addition to shedding light on two important controls over the assembly of plant microbiomes, our results also suggest future studies of tree microbiomes should account for background temporal dynamics when testing the drivers of spatial patterns in microbial community composition and temporal responses of plant microbiomes to environmental change.IMPORTANCEMicrobiomes are integral to the health of host plants, but we have a limited understanding of the factors that control how the composition of plant microbiomes changes over time. Especially little is known about the microbiome of long-lived trees, relative to annual and non-woody plants. We tested how tree microbiomes changed between seasons and years in poplar (genus Populus), which are widespread and ecologically important tree species that also serve as important biofuel feedstocks. We found the composition of bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities differed among seasons, but these seasonal differences depended on year. This dependence was driven by longer-term changes in microbial composition as host trees developed across consecutive years. Our findings suggest that temporal variation in tree microbiomes is driven by both seasonal fluctuations and longer-term (i.e., multiyear) development.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Argiroff
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alyssa A. Carrell
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dawn M. Klingeman
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nicholas C. Dove
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Allison M. Veach
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Toni Wahl
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Steven J. Lebreux
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amber B. Webb
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kellie Peyton
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christopher W. Schadt
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melissa A. Cregger
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
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2
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Applestein C, Caughlin TT, Germino MJ. Weather affects post‐fire recovery of sagebrush‐steppe communities and model transferability among sites. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cara Applestein
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center U.S. Geological Survey 970 South Lusk Street Boise Idaho83706USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise Idaho USA
| | - T. Trevor Caughlin
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise Idaho USA
| | - Matthew J. Germino
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center U.S. Geological Survey 970 South Lusk Street Boise Idaho83706USA
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3
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Diez JM, Boone R, Bohner T, Godoy O. Frequency-dependent tree growth depends on climate. Ecology 2021; 102:e03284. [PMID: 33464571 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Climate and competition interact to affect species' performance, such as growth and survival, and help determine species distributions and coexistence. However, it is unclear how climatic conditions modulate frequency-dependent performance, that is, how performance changes as a species becomes locally rare or common. This is critical because declines in performance as a species becomes more common (negative frequency dependence) is a signature of niche differences among species that stabilize coexistence, whereas positive frequency dependence leads to priority effects and hampers species coexistence. Here, we used dendrochronology and hierarchical models to test whether frequency-dependent growth of sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) depends on climatic conditions. We found that growth rates were strongly dependent on annual precipitation, but no frequency dependence was evident across all years. However, there was a strong interaction between precipitation and frequency dependence, revealing stabilizing niche differences in dry years but positive frequency dependence in wet years. These differences emerged because of precipitation-driven changes in the direction and strength of both con- and heterospecific competition. Overall, these results show how stabilizing and destabilizing effects can be temporally dynamic for long-lived species and interact with climate variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Diez
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, 92501, USA
| | - Rohan Boone
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, 92501, USA.,School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86001, USA
| | - Teresa Bohner
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, 92501, USA
| | - Oscar Godoy
- Departamento de Biología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, E-11510, Spain
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4
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Towers IR, Bowler CH, Mayfield MM, Dwyer JM. Requirements for the spatial storage effect are weakly evident for common species in natural annual plant assemblages. Ecology 2020; 101:e03185. [PMID: 32885432 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Coexistence in spatially varying environments is theorized to be promoted by a variety of mechanisms including the spatial storage effect. The spatial storage effect promotes coexistence when (1) species have unique vital rate responses to their spatial environment and, when abundant, (2) experience stronger competition in the environmental patches where they perform better. In a naturally occurring southwest Western Australian annual plant system, we conducted a neighbor removal experiment involving eleven focal species growing in high-abundance populations. Specifically, we measured species' fecundity across a variety of environmental gradients in both the presence and absence of neighbors. For the environmental variables that we measured, there was only limited evidence for species-specific responses to the environment, with a composite variable describing overstory cover and leaf litter cover being the best predictor of fecundity for a subset of focal species. In addition, although we found strong evidence for intraspecific competition, positive environment-competition covariance was only detected for one species. Thus, positive environment-competition covariance may not be as common as expected in populations of species growing at high abundance, at least when tested in natural assemblages. Our findings highlight the inherent limitations of using natural assemblages to study spatial coexistence mechanisms, and we urge empirical ecologists to take these limitations into account when designing future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac R Towers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Catherine H Bowler
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Margaret M Mayfield
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - John M Dwyer
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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5
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Bishop TBB, Nusink BC, Lee Molinari R, Taylor JB, St. Clair SB. Earlier fall precipitation and low severity fire impacts on cheatgrass and sagebrush establishment. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tara B. B. Bishop
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
- Southwest Biological Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Moab Utah USA
| | - Baylie C. Nusink
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
| | - Rebecca Lee Molinari
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
| | - Justin B. Taylor
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
| | - Samuel B. St. Clair
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
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6
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Zepeda V, Martorell C. Fluctuation‐independent niche differentiation and relative non‐linearity drive coexistence in a species‐rich grassland. Ecology 2019; 100:e02726. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Zepeda
- Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria Mexico City 04510 Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Unidad de Posgrado Edificio A, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria Mexico City C.P. 04510 Mexico
| | - Carlos Martorell
- Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria Mexico City 04510 Mexico
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7
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Johnson DJ, Condit R, Hubbell SP, Comita LS. Abiotic niche partitioning and negative density dependence drive tree seedling survival in a tropical forest. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.2210. [PMID: 29237862 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In tropical tree communities, processes occurring during early life stages play a critical role in shaping forest composition and diversity through differences in species' performance. Predicting the future of tropical forests depends on a solid understanding of the drivers of seedling survival. At the same time, factors determining spatial and temporal patterns of seedling survival can play a large role in permitting species coexistence in diverse communities. Using long-term data on the survival of more than 45 000 seedlings of 238 species in a Neotropical forest, we assessed the relative importance of key abiotic and biotic neighbourhood variables thought to influence individual seedling survival and tested whether species vary significantly in their responses to these variables, consistent with niche differences. At the community level, seedling survival was significantly correlated with plant size, topographic habitat, neighbourhood densities of conspecific seedlings, conspecific and heterospecific trees and annual variation in water availability, in descending order of effect size. Additionally, we found significant variation among species in their sensitivity to light and water availability, as well as in their survival within different topographic habitats, indicating the potential for niche differentiation among species that could allow for species coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Johnson
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard Condit
- Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA.,Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, USA
| | - Stephen P Hubbell
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama.,University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liza S Comita
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
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8
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Shriver RK. Rainfall variability and fine-scale life history tradeoffs help drive niche partitioning in a desert annual plant community. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:1231-1241. [PMID: 28921858 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tradeoffs have long been an essential part of the canon explaining the maintenance of species diversity. Despite the intuitive appeal of the idea that no species can be a master of all trades, there has been a scarcity of linked demographic and physiological evidence to support the role of resource use tradeoffs in natural systems. Using five species of Chihuahuan desert summer annual plants, I show that demographic tradeoffs driven by short-term soil moisture variation act as a mechanism to allow multiple species to partition a limiting resource. Specifically, by achieving highest fitness in either rainfall pulse or interpulse periods, variability reduces fitness differences through time that could promote coexistence on a limiting resource. Differences in fitness are explained in part by the response of photosynthesis to changing soil moisture. My results suggest that increasing weather variability, as predicted under climate change, could increase the opportunity for coexistence in this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Shriver
- University Program in Ecology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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9
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Damgaard C, Merlin A, Bonis A. Plant colonization and survival along a hydrological gradient: demography and niche dynamics. Oecologia 2017; 183:201-10. [PMID: 27796507 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Predicting the effect of a changing environment, e.g., caused by climate change, on realized niche dynamics, and consequently, biodiversity is a challenging scientific question that needs to be addressed. One promising approach is to use estimated demographic parameters for predicting plant abundance and occurrence probabilities. Using longitudinal pinpoint cover data sampled along a hydrological gradient in the Marais poitevin grasslands, France, the effect of the gradient on the demographic probabilities of colonization and survival was estimated. The estimated probabilities and calculated elasticities of survival and colonization covaried with the observed cover of the different species along the hydrological gradient. For example, the flooding tolerant grass A. stolonifera showed a positive response in both colonization and survival to flooding, and the hydrological gradient is clearly the most likely explanation for the occurrence pattern observed for A. stolonifera. The results suggest that knowledge on the processes of colonization and survival of the individual species along the hydrological gradient is sufficient for at least a qualitative understanding of species occurrences along the gradient. The results support the hypothesis that colonization has a predominant role for determining the ecological success along the hydrological gradient compared to survival. Importantly, the study suggests that it may be possible to predict the realized niche of different species from demographic studies. This is encouraging for the important endeavor of predicting realized niche dynamics.
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10
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11
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Vázquez DP, Gianoli E, Morris WF, Bozinovic F. Ecological and evolutionary impacts of changing climatic variability. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 92:22-42. [PMID: 26290132 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
While average temperature is likely to increase in most locations on Earth, many places will simultaneously experience higher variability in temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables. Although ecologists and evolutionary biologists widely recognize the potential impacts of changes in average climatic conditions, relatively little attention has been paid to the potential impacts of changes in climatic variability and extremes. We review the evidence on the impacts of increased climatic variability and extremes on physiological, ecological and evolutionary processes at multiple levels of biological organization, from individuals to populations and communities. Our review indicates that climatic variability can have profound influences on biological processes at multiple scales of organization. Responses to increased climatic variability and extremes are likely to be complex and cannot always be generalized, although our conceptual and methodological toolboxes allow us to make informed predictions about the likely consequences of such climatic changes. We conclude that climatic variability represents an important component of climate that deserves further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego P Vázquez
- Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas, CONICET, CC 507, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Padre Jorge Contreras 1300, M5502JMA, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ernesto Gianoli
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Casilla 554, La Serena, 1700000, Chile.,Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, 4070386, Chile
| | - William F Morris
- Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0325, U.S.A
| | - Francisco Bozinovic
- Departamento de Ecología, Center of Applied Ecology & Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 6513677, Chile
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12
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Li W, Luo J, Tian X, Soon Chow W, Sun Z, Zhang T, Peng S, Peng C. A new strategy for controlling invasive weeds: selecting valuable native plants to defeat them. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11004. [PMID: 26047489 DOI: 10.1038/srep11004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore replacement control of the invasive weed Ipomoea cairica, we studied the competitive effects of two valuable natives, Pueraria lobata and Paederia scandens, on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of I. cairica, in pot and field experiments. When I. cairica was planted in pots with P. lobata or P. scandens, its total biomass decreased by 68.7% and 45.8%, and its stem length by 33.3% and 34.1%, respectively. The two natives depressed growth of the weed by their strong effects on its photosynthetic characteristics, including suppression of leaf biomass and the abundance of the CO2-fixing enzyme RUBISCO. The field experiment demonstrated that sowing seeds of P. lobata or P. scandens in plots where the weed had been largely cleared produced 11.8-fold or 2.5-fold as much leaf biomass of the two natives, respectively, as the weed. Replacement control by valuable native species is potentially a feasible and sustainable means of suppressing I. cairica.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Mordecai
- Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology Dept; Univ. of California Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
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14
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Jones NT, Husband BC, MacDougall AS. Reproductive system of a mixed-mating plant responds to climate perturbation by increased selfing. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20131336. [PMID: 23843394 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
How plants respond to climatic perturbations, which are forecasted to increase in frequency and intensity, is difficult to predict because of the buffering effects of plasticity. Compensatory adjustments may maintain fecundity and recruitment, or delay negative changes that are inevitable but not immediately evident. We imposed a climate perturbation of warming and drought on a mixed-mating perennial violet, testing for adjustments in growth, reproduction and mortality. We observed several plasticity-based buffering responses, such that the climatic perturbation did not alter population structure. The most substantial reproductive adjustments, however, involved selfing, with a 45% increase in self-pollination by chasmogamous flowers, a 61% increase in the number of cleistogamous flowers that produced at least one fruit and an overall 15% increase in fruit production from selfed cleistogamous flowers. Reproductive assurance thus compensated for environmental change, including low pollinator visitation that occurred independently of our climate treatment. There was also no immediate evidence for inbreeding depression. Our work indicates that plants with vegetative and reproductive flexibility may not be immediately and negatively affected by a climatic perturbation. The stabilizing effects of these reproductive responses in the long term, however, may depend on the implications of significantly elevated levels of selfing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Jones
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Bagchi S, Briske DD, Bestelmeyer BT, Ben Wu X. Assessing resilience and state‐transition models with historical records of cheatgrass
B
romus tectorum
invasion in
N
orth
A
merican sagebrush‐steppe. J Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Bagchi
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Texas A&M University 2138 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - David D. Briske
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Texas A&M University 2138 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Brandon T. Bestelmeyer
- USDA‐ARS Jornada Experimental Range and Jornada Basin LTER New Mexico State University MSC 3JER, Box 30003 Las Cruces NM 88003 USA
| | - X. Ben Wu
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Texas A&M University 2138 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kimball
- BIO SCI - Center for Environmental Biology; University of California, Irvine; Irvine CA 92697-1450 U.S.A
| | | | - Kailen A. Mooney
- BIO SCI - Center for Environmental Biology; University of California, Irvine; Irvine CA 92697-1450 U.S.A
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department; University of California, Irvine; Irvine CA 92697-1450 U.S.A
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17
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Damgaard C, Strandberg B, Mathiassen SK, Kudsk P. The effect of nitrogen and glyphosate on survival and colonisation of perennial grass species in an agro-ecosystem: does the relative importance of survival decrease with competitive ability? PLoS One 2013; 8:e60992. [PMID: 23593371 PMCID: PMC3623907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ecological success of a plant species is typically described by the observed change in plant abundance or cover, but in order to more fully understand the fundamental plant ecological processes, it is necessary to inspect the underlying processes of survival and colonization and how they are affected by environmental conditions. A general ecological hypothesis on the effect of environmental gradients on demographic parameters is proposed and tested. The hypothesis is that decreasing fitness or competitive ability along an environmental gradient is associated with an increasing importance of survival for regulating the abundance of the species. The tested hypothesis is related to both the stress gradient hypothesis and whether the importance of competition increases along productivity gradients. The combined effect of nitrogen and glyphosate on the survival and colonization probability of two perennial grass species, Festuca ovina and Agrostis capillaris, which are known to differ in their responses to both glyphosate and nitrogen treatments, is calculated using pin-point cover data in permanent frames. We found that the relative importance of survival increased with the level of glyphosate for the glyphosate sensitive A. capillaris and decreased for the glyphosate tolerant F. ovina. Likewise, increasing levels of nitrogen increased the importance of survival for the relative nitrophobic F. ovina. Consequently, the proposed hypothesis was corroborated in this specific study. The proposed method will enable predictions of the effects of agricultural practices on community dynamics in a relatively simple setup eliminating the need to quantify all the interaction among the species in the plant community. The method will be immediately useful for the regulation of non-cultivated buffer strips between agricultural fields and semi-natural and natural biotopes such as hedgerows and waterways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damgaard
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg, Denmark.
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18
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HilleRisLambers J, Adler P, Harpole W, Levine J, Mayfield M. Rethinking Community Assembly through the Lens of Coexistence Theory. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 2012. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110411-160411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 826] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. HilleRisLambers
- Biology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1800;
| | - P.B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322;
| | - W.S. Harpole
- Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011;
| | - J.M. Levine
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland, and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106;
| | - M.M. Mayfield
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia;
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19
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20
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White EP, Ernest SKM, Adler PB, Hurlbert AH, Lyons SK. Integrating spatial and temporal approaches to understanding species richness. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2011; 365:3633-43. [PMID: 20980312 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding species richness patterns represents one of the most fundamental problems in ecology. Most research in this area has focused on spatial gradients of species richness, with a smaller area of emphasis dedicated to understanding the temporal dynamics of richness. However, few attempts have been made to understand the linkages between the spatial and temporal patterns related to richness. Here, we argue that spatial and temporal richness patterns and the processes that drive them are inherently linked, and that our understanding of richness will be substantially improved by considering them simultaneously. The species-time-area relationship provides a case in point: successful description of the empirical spatio-temporal pattern led to a rapid development and testing of new theories. Other areas of research on species richness could also benefit from an explicitly spatio-temporal approach, and we suggest future directions for understanding the processes common to these two traditionally isolated fields of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan P White
- Department of Biology, The Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
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Damgaard C, Merlin A, Mesléard F, Bonis A. The demography of space occupancy: measuring plant colonization and survival probabilities using repeated pin-point measurements. Methods Ecol Evol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-210x.2010.00053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
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