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Robinson ML, Hahn PG, Inouye BD, Underwood N, Whitehead SR, Abbott KC, Bruna EM, Cacho NI, Dyer LA, Abdala-Roberts L, Allen WJ, Andrade JF, Angulo DF, Anjos D, Anstett DN, Bagchi R, Bagchi S, Barbosa M, Barrett S, Baskett CA, Ben-Simchon E, Bloodworth KJ, Bronstein JL, Buckley YM, Burghardt KT, Bustos-Segura C, Calixto ES, Carvalho RL, Castagneyrol B, Chiuffo MC, Cinoğlu D, Cinto Mejía E, Cock MC, Cogni R, Cope OL, Cornelissen T, Cortez DR, Crowder DW, Dallstream C, Dáttilo W, Davis JK, Dimarco RD, Dole HE, Egbon IN, Eisenring M, Ejomah A, Elderd BD, Endara MJ, Eubanks MD, Everingham SE, Farah KN, Farias RP, Fernandes AP, Fernandes GW, Ferrante M, Finn A, Florjancic GA, Forister ML, Fox QN, Frago E, França FM, Getman-Pickering AS, Getman-Pickering Z, Gianoli E, Gooden B, Gossner MM, Greig KA, Gripenberg S, Groenteman R, Grof-Tisza P, Haack N, Hahn L, Haq SM, Helms AM, Hennecke J, Hermann SL, Holeski LM, Holm S, Hutchinson MC, Jackson EE, Kagiya S, Kalske A, Kalwajtys M, Karban R, Kariyat R, Keasar T, Kersch-Becker MF, Kharouba HM, Kim TN, Kimuyu DM, Kluse J, Koerner SE, Komatsu KJ, Krishnan S, Laihonen M, Lamelas-López L, LaScaleia MC, Lecomte N, Lehn CR, Li X, Lindroth RL, LoPresti EF, Losada M, Louthan AM, Luizzi VJ, Lynch SC, Lynn JS, Lyon NJ, Maia LF, Maia RA, Mannall TL, Martin BS, Massad TJ, McCall AC, McGurrin K, Merwin AC, Mijango-Ramos Z, Mills CH, Moles AT, Moore CM, Moreira X, Morrison CR, Moshobane MC, Muola A, Nakadai R, Nakajima K, Novais S, Ogbebor CO, Ohsaki H, Pan VS, Pardikes NA, Pareja M, Parthasarathy N, Pawar RR, Paynter Q, Pearse IS, Penczykowski RM, Pepi AA, Pereira CC, Phartyal SS, Piper FI, Poveda K, Pringle EG, Puy J, Quijano T, Quintero C, Rasmann S, Rosche C, Rosenheim LY, Rosenheim JA, Runyon JB, Sadeh A, Sakata Y, Salcido DM, Salgado-Luarte C, Santos BA, Sapir Y, Sasal Y, Sato Y, Sawant M, Schroeder H, Schumann I, Segoli M, Segre H, Shelef O, Shinohara N, Singh RP, Smith DS, Sobral M, Stotz GC, Tack AJM, Tayal M, Tooker JF, Torrico-Bazoberry D, Tougeron K, Trowbridge AM, Utsumi S, Uyi O, Vaca-Uribe JL, Valtonen A, van Dijk LJA, Vandvik V, Villellas J, Waller LP, Weber MG, Yamawo A, Yim S, Zarnetske PL, Zehr LN, Zhong Z, Wetzel WC. Plant size, latitude, and phylogeny explain within-population variability in herbivory. Science 2023; 382:679-683. [PMID: 37943897 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh8830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between plants and herbivores are central in most ecosystems, but their strength is highly variable. The amount of variability within a system is thought to influence most aspects of plant-herbivore biology, from ecological stability to plant defense evolution. Our understanding of what influences variability, however, is limited by sparse data. We collected standardized surveys of herbivory for 503 plant species at 790 sites across 116° of latitude. With these data, we show that within-population variability in herbivory increases with latitude, decreases with plant size, and is phylogenetically structured. Differences in the magnitude of variability are thus central to how plant-herbivore biology varies across macroscale gradients. We argue that increased focus on interaction variability will advance understanding of patterns of life on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Robinson
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - P G Hahn
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - B D Inouye
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - N Underwood
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - S R Whitehead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - K C Abbott
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E M Bruna
- Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - N I Cacho
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L A Dyer
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - L Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - W J Allen
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J F Andrade
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - D F Angulo
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - D Anjos
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - D N Anstett
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - R Bagchi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - S Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M Barbosa
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - S Barrett
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation & Attractions Western Australia, Albany, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C A Baskett
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - E Ben-Simchon
- Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon Le Tzion, Israel
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - K J Bloodworth
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - J L Bronstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Y M Buckley
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K T Burghardt
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - C Bustos-Segura
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - E S Calixto
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - R L Carvalho
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - M C Chiuffo
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - D Cinoğlu
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - E Cinto Mejía
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - M C Cock
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - R Cogni
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - O L Cope
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biology, Whitworth University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - T Cornelissen
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - D R Cortez
- Department of Biology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - D W Crowder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - C Dallstream
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - W Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología AC, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - J K Davis
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - R D Dimarco
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, IFAB, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - H E Dole
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - I N Egbon
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - M Eisenring
- Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - A Ejomah
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - B D Elderd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - M-J Endara
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología y Evolución en los Trópicos-EETROP, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - M D Eubanks
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - S E Everingham
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - K N Farah
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - R P Farias
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - A P Fernandes
- Department of Botany, Ganpat Parsekar College of Education Harmal, Pernem, Goa, India
| | - G W Fernandes
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Knowledge Center for Biodiversity, Brazil
| | - M Ferrante
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Finn
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G A Florjancic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - M L Forister
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Q N Fox
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - E Frago
- CIRAD, UMR CBGP, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - F M França
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | | | - Z Getman-Pickering
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - E Gianoli
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - B Gooden
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, Australia
| | - M M Gossner
- Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K A Greig
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - S Gripenberg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - R Groenteman
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - P Grof-Tisza
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - N Haack
- Independent Institute for Environmental Issues, Halle, Germany
| | - L Hahn
- Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S M Haq
- Wildlife Crime Control Division, Wildlife Trust of India, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A M Helms
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J Hennecke
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
| | - S L Hermann
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - L M Holeski
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Adaptive Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - S Holm
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Department of Zoology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M C Hutchinson
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - E E Jackson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - S Kagiya
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - A Kalske
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Kalwajtys
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - R Karban
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - R Kariyat
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - T Keasar
- Department of Biology and the Environment, University of Haifa - Oranim, Oranim, Tivon, Israel
| | - M F Kersch-Becker
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - H M Kharouba
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - T N Kim
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - D M Kimuyu
- Department of Natural Resources, Karatina University, Karatina, Kenya
| | - J Kluse
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - S E Koerner
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - K J Komatsu
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - S Krishnan
- Center for Sustainable Future, Amrita University and EIACP RP, Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
| | - M Laihonen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - L Lamelas-López
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - M C LaScaleia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - N Lecomte
- Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology, Department of Biology and Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada
| | - C R Lehn
- Biological Sciences Course, Instituto Federal Farroupilha, Panambi, RS, Brazil
| | - X Li
- College of Resources and Environmental sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - R L Lindroth
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - E F LoPresti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - M Losada
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - A M Louthan
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - V J Luizzi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S C Lynch
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - J S Lynn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - N J Lyon
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - L F Maia
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R A Maia
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - T L Mannall
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B S Martin
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - T J Massad
- Department of Scientific Services, Gorongosa National Park, Sofala, Mozambique
| | - A C McCall
- Biology Department, Denison University, Granville, OH, USA
| | - K McGurrin
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - A C Merwin
- Department of Biology and Geology, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH, USA
| | - Z Mijango-Ramos
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - C H Mills
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A T Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - C M Moore
- Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA
| | - X Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
| | - C R Morrison
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - M C Moshobane
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria National Botanical Garden, Brummeria, Silverton, South Africa
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - A Muola
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Tromsø, Norway
| | - R Nakadai
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - K Nakajima
- Insitute of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Cave Research, Shimohei-guun, Iwate Prefecture, Japan
| | - S Novais
- Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - C O Ogbebor
- Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - H Ohsaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - V S Pan
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - N A Pardikes
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - M Pareja
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - N Parthasarathy
- Department of Ecology and Evironmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Q Paynter
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - I S Pearse
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - R M Penczykowski
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - A A Pepi
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - C C Pereira
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - S S Phartyal
- School of Ecology & Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, India
| | - F I Piper
- Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life and Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Ñuñoa, Santiago
| | - K Poveda
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E G Pringle
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - J Puy
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - T Quijano
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - C Quintero
- INIBIOMA, CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - S Rasmann
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - C Rosche
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - L Y Rosenheim
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J A Rosenheim
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J B Runyon
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - A Sadeh
- Department of Natural Resources, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Volcani Institute, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Y Sakata
- Department of Biological Environment, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjyo-Nakano, Akita, Japan
| | - D M Salcido
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - C Salgado-Luarte
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - B A Santos
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Y Sapir
- The Botanic Garden, School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Sasal
- INIBIOMA, CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Y Sato
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Sawant
- Department of Ecology, University of Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - H Schroeder
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - I Schumann
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Segoli
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - H Segre
- Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon Le Tzion, Israel
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Natural Resources, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Volcani Institute, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - O Shelef
- Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon Le Tzion, Israel
| | - N Shinohara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - R P Singh
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - D S Smith
- Department of Biology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - M Sobral
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - G C Stotz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - A J M Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Tayal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - J F Tooker
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - D Torrico-Bazoberry
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Universidad del Desarrollo, Las Condes, Chile
| | - K Tougeron
- Écologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UMR 7058 CNRS, Amiens, France
- Ecology of Interactions and Global Change, Institut de Recherche en Biosciences, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - A M Trowbridge
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S Utsumi
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - O Uyi
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - J L Vaca-Uribe
- Programa de ingeniría agroecológica, Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A Valtonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - L J A van Dijk
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - J Villellas
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - L P Waller
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - M G Weber
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Yamawo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan
| | - S Yim
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - P L Zarnetske
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - L N Zehr
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Z Zhong
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education/Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing, China
| | - W C Wetzel
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USA
- Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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Spohn M, Bagchi S, Biederman LA, Borer ET, Bråthen KA, Bugalho MN, Caldeira MC, Catford JA, Collins SL, Eisenhauer N, Hagenah N, Haider S, Hautier Y, Knops JMH, Koerner SE, Laanisto L, Lekberg Y, Martina JP, Martinson H, McCulley RL, Peri PL, Macek P, Power SA, Risch AC, Roscher C, Seabloom EW, Stevens C, Veen GFC, Virtanen R, Yahdjian L. The positive effect of plant diversity on soil carbon depends on climate. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6624. [PMID: 37857640 PMCID: PMC10587103 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is currently known about how climate modulates the relationship between plant diversity and soil organic carbon and the mechanisms involved. Yet, this knowledge is of crucial importance in times of climate change and biodiversity loss. Here, we show that plant diversity is positively correlated with soil carbon content and soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio across 84 grasslands on six continents that span wide climate gradients. The relationships between plant diversity and soil carbon as well as plant diversity and soil organic matter quality (carbon-to-nitrogen ratio) are particularly strong in warm and arid climates. While plant biomass is positively correlated with soil carbon, plant biomass is not significantly correlated with plant diversity. Our results indicate that plant diversity influences soil carbon storage not via the quantity of organic matter (plant biomass) inputs to soil, but through the quality of organic matter. The study implies that ecosystem management that restores plant diversity likely enhances soil carbon sequestration, particularly in warm and arid climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Spohn
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | - Lori A Biederman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 251 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Kari Anne Bråthen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Miguel N Bugalho
- Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, 30 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Scott L Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Hagenah
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sylvia Haider
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Institute of Ecology, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology and Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle, Germany
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Health and Environmental Sciences, Xián Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sally E Koerner
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Lauri Laanisto
- Department of Biodiversity and Nature Tourism, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi St. 5, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch and University of Montana, Montana, USA
| | - Jason P Martina
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Holly Martinson
- Department of Biology, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD, 21157, USA
| | - Rebecca L McCulley
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Pablo L Peri
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Rio Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Petr Macek
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sally A Power
- Haweksbury Institute for the Environment, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Physiological Diversity, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Carly Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - G F Ciska Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Risto Virtanen
- Ecology & Genetics, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), CONICET, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Roy S, Naidu DGT, Bagchi S. Functional substitutability of native herbivores by livestock for soil carbon stock is mediated by microbial decomposers. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:2141-2155. [PMID: 36732877 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Grazing by large mammalian herbivores impacts climate as it can favor the size and stability of a large carbon (C) pool in the soils of grazing ecosystems. As native herbivores in the world's grasslands, steppes, and savannas are progressively being displaced by livestock, it is important to ask whether livestock can emulate the functional roles of their native counterparts. While livestock and native herbivores can have remarkable similarity in their traits, they can differ greatly in their impacts on vegetation composition which can affect soil-C. It is uncertain how these similarities and differences impact soil-C via their influence on microbial decomposers. We test competing alternative hypotheses with a replicated, long-term, landscape-level, grazing-exclusion experiment to ask whether livestock in the Trans-Himalayan ecosystem of northern India can match decadal-scale (2005-2016) soil-C stocks under native herbivores. We evaluate multiple lines of evidence from 17 variables that influence soil-C (quantity and quality of C-input from plants, microbial biomass and metabolism, microbial community composition, eDNA, veterinary antibiotics in soil), and assess their inter-relationships. Livestock and native herbivores differed in their effects on several soil microbial processes. Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) was 19% lower in soils under livestock. Compared to native herbivores, areas used by livestock contained 1.5 kg C m-2 less soil-C. Structural equation models showed that alongside the effects arising from plants, livestock alter soil microbial communities which is detrimental for CUE, and ultimately also for soil-C. Supporting evidence pointed toward a link between veterinary antibiotics used on livestock, microbial communities, and soil-C. Overcoming the challenges of sequestering antibiotics to minimize their potential impacts on climate, alongside microbial rewilding under livestock, may reconcile the conflicting demands from food-security and ecosystem services. Conservation of native herbivores and alternative management of livestock is crucial for soil-C stewardship to envision and achieve natural climate solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamik Roy
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Dilip G T Naidu
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sumanta Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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4
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Daleo P, Alberti J, Chaneton EJ, Iribarne O, Tognetti PM, Bakker JD, Borer ET, Bruschetti M, MacDougall AS, Pascual J, Sankaran M, Seabloom EW, Wang S, Bagchi S, Brudvig LA, Catford JA, Dickman CR, Dickson TL, Donohue I, Eisenhauer N, Gruner DS, Haider S, Jentsch A, Knops JMH, Lekberg Y, McCulley RL, Moore JL, Mortensen B, Ohlert T, Pärtel M, Peri PL, Power SA, Risch AC, Rocca C, Smith NG, Stevens C, Tamme R, Veen GFC, Wilfahrt PA, Hautier Y. Environmental heterogeneity modulates the effect of plant diversity on the spatial variability of grassland biomass. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1809. [PMID: 37002217 PMCID: PMC10066197 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant productivity varies due to environmental heterogeneity, and theory suggests that plant diversity can reduce this variation. While there is strong evidence of diversity effects on temporal variability of productivity, whether this mechanism extends to variability across space remains elusive. Here we determine the relationship between plant diversity and spatial variability of productivity in 83 grasslands, and quantify the effect of experimentally increased spatial heterogeneity in environmental conditions on this relationship. We found that communities with higher plant species richness (alpha and gamma diversity) have lower spatial variability of productivity as reduced abundance of some species can be compensated for by increased abundance of other species. In contrast, high species dissimilarity among local communities (beta diversity) is positively associated with spatial variability of productivity, suggesting that changes in species composition can scale up to affect productivity. Experimentally increased spatial environmental heterogeneity weakens the effect of plant alpha and gamma diversity, and reveals that beta diversity can simultaneously decrease and increase spatial variability of productivity. Our findings unveil the generality of the diversity-stability theory across space, and suggest that reduced local diversity and biotic homogenization can affect the spatial reliability of key ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Juan Alberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Enrique J Chaneton
- IFEVA-Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Av San Martín 4453 C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Iribarne
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Pedro M Tognetti
- IFEVA-Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Av San Martín 4453 C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Martín Bruschetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrew S MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Jesús Pascual
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Mahesh Sankaran
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560065, India
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Sumanta Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Lars A Brudvig
- Department of Plant Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, 30 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Chris R Dickman
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Timothy L Dickson
- University of Nebraska at Omaha, Department of Biology, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ian Donohue
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel S Gruner
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Sylvia Haider
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Department of Health & Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch and University of Montana, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Rebecca L McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Brent Mortensen
- Department of Biology, Benedictine College, Atchison, KS, USA
| | - Timothy Ohlert
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pablo L Peri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) -CONICET. Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Community Ecology, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Camila Rocca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Carly Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Riin Tamme
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - G F Ciska Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, PO Box 50, 6700, AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Wilfahrt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Kaur S, Kanungo R, Horiuchi W, Hagen G, Holt JD, Hu BS, Miyagi T, Suzuki T, Ameil F, Atkinson J, Ayyad Y, Bagchi S, Cortina-Gil D, Dillmann I, Estradé A, Evdokimov A, Farinon F, Geissel H, Guastalla G, Janik R, Knöbel R, Kurcewicz J, Litvinov YA, Marta M, Mostazo M, Mukha I, Nociforo C, Ong HJ, Otsuka T, Pietri S, Prochazka A, Scheidenberger C, Sitar B, Strmen P, Takechi M, Tanaka J, Tanihata I, Terashima S, Vargas J, Weick H, Winfield JS. Proton Distribution Radii of ^{16-24}O: Signatures of New Shell Closures and Neutron Skin. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:142502. [PMID: 36240396 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.142502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The root mean square radii of the proton density distribution in ^{16-24}O derived from measurements of charge changing cross sections with a carbon target at ∼900A MeV together with the matter radii portray thick neutron skin for ^{22-24}O despite ^{22,24}O being doubly magic. Imprints of the shell closures at N=14 and 16 are reflected in local minima of their proton radii that provide evidence for the tensor interaction causing them. The radii agree with ab initio calculations employing the chiral NNLO_{sat} interaction, though skin thickness predictions are challenged. Shell model predictions agree well with the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kaur
- Astronomy and Physics Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - R Kanungo
- Astronomy and Physics Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 4A3, Canada
| | - W Horiuchi
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Department of Physics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - G Hagen
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 4A3, Canada
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J D Holt
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 4A3, Canada
| | - B S Hu
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 4A3, Canada
| | - T Miyagi
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Nihon University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - F Ameil
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Atkinson
- Astronomy and Physics Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Y Ayyad
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago de Compostella, Spain
| | - S Bagchi
- Astronomy and Physics Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Cortina-Gil
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago de Compostella, Spain
| | - I Dillmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - A Estradé
- Astronomy and Physics Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Evdokimov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Farinon
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Geissel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - G Guastalla
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Janik
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - R Knöbel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Kurcewicz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yu A Litvinov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Marta
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Mostazo
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago de Compostella, Spain
| | - I Mukha
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Nociforo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H J Ong
- RCNP, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567 0047, Japan
| | - T Otsuka
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Pietri
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Prochazka
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Scheidenberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - B Sitar
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - P Strmen
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Takechi
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Tanaka
- RCNP, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567 0047, Japan
| | - I Tanihata
- RCNP, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567 0047, Japan
- School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering and IRCNPC, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - S Terashima
- School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering and IRCNPC, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - J Vargas
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago de Compostella, Spain
| | - H Weick
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J S Winfield
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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6
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Bhowmik MD D, Das C, Verma P, Maity I, Mourya B, Saini B, Subbiah A, Bagchi S, Yadav R, Mahajan S, Agarwal S. POS-039 RENAL ABSCESSES (COMPLICATED BY ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY) IN YOUNG OTHERWISE HEALTHY NON-DIABETIC ADULTS WITHOUT URINARY TRACT ABNORMALITIES – A CASE SERIES. Kidney Int Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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7
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Agarwal S, Bagchi S, Bhowmik D, Mahajan S, Yadav R, Subbiah A, Srivastava A, Panigrahi D, Balloni V. POS-097 IMPACT OF UNIVERSAL PROPHYLAXIS ON INCIDENCE OF CMV INFECTION IN D+/R+ LIVING RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: SINGLE CENTER STUDY FROM INDIA. Kidney Int Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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8
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Price JN, Sitters J, Ohlert T, Tognetti PM, Brown CS, Seabloom EW, Borer ET, Prober SM, Bakker ES, MacDougall AS, Yahdjian L, Gruner DS, Olde Venterink H, Barrio IC, Graff P, Bagchi S, Arnillas CA, Bakker JD, Blumenthal DM, Boughton EH, Brudvig LA, Bugalho MN, Cadotte MW, Caldeira MC, Dickman CR, Donohue I, Grégory S, Hautier Y, Jónsdóttir IS, Lannes LS, McCulley RL, Moore JL, Power SA, Risch AC, Schütz M, Standish R, Stevens CJ, Veen GF, Virtanen R, Wardle GM. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1290-1298. [PMID: 35879541 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ecological models predict that the effects of mammalian herbivore exclusion on plant diversity depend on resource availability and plant exposure to ungulate grazing over evolutionary time. Using an experiment replicated in 57 grasslands on six continents, with contrasting evolutionary history of grazing, we tested how resources (mean annual precipitation and soil nutrients) determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity, richness and evenness. Here we show that at sites with a long history of ungulate grazing, herbivore exclusion reduced plant diversity by reducing both richness and evenness and the responses of richness and diversity to herbivore exclusion decreased with mean annual precipitation. At sites with a short history of grazing, the effects of herbivore exclusion were not related to precipitation but differed for native and exotic plant richness. Thus, plant species' evolutionary history of grazing continues to shape the response of the world's grasslands to changing mammalian herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi N Price
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Judith Sitters
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Department Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. .,Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Timothy Ohlert
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Pedro M Tognetti
- IFEVA-CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cynthia S Brown
- Department of Agricultural Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Elisabeth S Bakker
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew S MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- IFEVA-CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel S Gruner
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Harry Olde Venterink
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Department Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabel C Barrio
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Pamela Graff
- IFEVA-CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sumanta Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Carlos Alberto Arnillas
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dana M Blumenthal
- Rangeland Resources & Systems Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Lars A Brudvig
- Department of Plant Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Miguel N Bugalho
- Centre for Applied Ecology 'Prof. Baeta Neves' (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chris R Dickman
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian Donohue
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sonnier Grégory
- Archbold Biological Station, Buck Island Ranch, Lake Placid, FL, USA
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Luciola S Lannes
- Department of Biology and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Ilha Solteira, Brazil
| | - Rebecca L McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anita C Risch
- Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schütz
- Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Standish
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carly J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - G F Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Glenda M Wardle
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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9
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Chen Q, Wang S, Seabloom EW, MacDougall AS, Borer ET, Bakker JD, Donohue I, Knops JMH, Morgan JW, Carroll O, Crawley M, Bugalho MN, Power SA, Eskelinen A, Virtanen R, Risch AC, Schütz M, Stevens C, Caldeira MC, Bagchi S, Alberti J, Hautier Y. Nutrients and herbivores impact grassland stability across spatial scales through different pathways. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:2678-2688. [PMID: 35038782 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients and herbivores are well-known drivers of grassland diversity and stability in local communities. However, whether they interact to impact the stability of aboveground biomass and whether these effects depend on spatial scales remain unknown. It is also unclear whether nutrients and herbivores impact stability via different facets of plant diversity including species richness, evenness, and changes in community composition through time and space. We used a replicated experiment adding nutrients and excluding herbivores for 5 years in 34 global grasslands to explore these questions. We found that both nutrient addition and herbivore exclusion alone reduced stability at the larger spatial scale (aggregated local communities; gamma stability), but through different pathways. Nutrient addition reduced gamma stability primarily by increasing changes in local community composition over time, which was mainly driven by species replacement. Herbivore exclusion reduced gamma stability primarily by decreasing asynchronous dynamics among local communities (spatial asynchrony). Their interaction weakly increased gamma stability by increasing spatial asynchrony. Our findings indicate that disentangling the processes operating at different spatial scales may improve conservation and management aiming at maintaining the ability of ecosystems to reliably provide functions and services for humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Chen
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew S MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ian Donohue
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - John W Morgan
- Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oliver Carroll
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mick Crawley
- Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, UK
| | - Miguel N Bugalho
- Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Risto Virtanen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schütz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Carly Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sumanta Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Juan Alberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, UNMdP-CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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YADAV R, Kumar D, Sangha S, Kumar A, Bhowmik D, Mahajan S, Bagchi S, Agarwal S. POS-821 TO STUDY THE ASSOCIATION OF SERUM VITAMIN D WITH POST -TRANSPLANT DIABETES MELLITUS (PTDM) IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS IN INDIAN SETTINGS. Kidney Int Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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11
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Gupta A, Bhowmik D, Kaur G, Yadav R, Bagchi S. POS-241 FRAILTY: COROLLARY OR CAUSALITY OF MALNUTRITION. Kidney Int Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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12
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Boomadevi S, Kundu A, Anthony SP, Pandiyan K, Sastikumar D, Saxena S, Bagchi S, Chakera J. Investigations on synthesis, growth, crystal structure, thermal, Dielectric and Terahertz Transmission properties of Organic NLO Crystal : (2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)-1-methylquinolinium-4-methylbenzenesulfonate (O-HMQ). J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Seabloom EW, Batzer E, Chase JM, Stanley Harpole W, Adler PB, Bagchi S, Bakker JD, Barrio IC, Biederman L, Boughton EH, Bugalho MN, Caldeira MC, Catford JA, Daleo P, Eisenhauer N, Eskelinen A, Haider S, Hallett LM, Svala Jónsdóttir I, Kimmel K, Kuhlman M, MacDougall A, Molina CD, Moore JL, Morgan JW, Muthukrishnan R, Ohlert T, Risch AC, Roscher C, Schütz M, Sonnier G, Tognetti PM, Virtanen R, Wilfahrt PA, Borer ET. Species loss due to nutrient addition increases with spatial scale in global grasslands. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2100-2112. [PMID: 34240557 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of altered nutrient supplies and herbivore density on species diversity vary with spatial scale, because coexistence mechanisms are scale dependent. This scale dependence may alter the shape of the species-area relationship (SAR), which can be described by changes in species richness (S) as a power function of the sample area (A): S = cAz , where c and z are constants. We analysed the effects of experimental manipulations of nutrient supply and herbivore density on species richness across a range of scales (0.01-75 m2 ) at 30 grasslands in 10 countries. We found that nutrient addition reduced the number of species that could co-occur locally, indicated by the SAR intercepts (log c), but did not affect the SAR slopes (z). As a result, proportional species loss due to nutrient enrichment was largely unchanged across sampling scales, whereas total species loss increased over threefold across our range of sampling scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota. St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Evan Batzer
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - W Stanley Harpole
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Sumanta Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Isabel C Barrio
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Lori Biederman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa, USA
| | | | - Miguel N Bugalho
- Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP - CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sylvia Haider
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology / Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Lauren M Hallett
- Department of Biology and Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Kaitlin Kimmel
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Cecilia D Molina
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - John W Morgan
- Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Timothy Ohlert
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Community Ecology, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Schütz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Community Ecology, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Pedro M Tognetti
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Risto Virtanen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Peter A Wilfahrt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota. St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota. St. Paul, MN, USA
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14
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Singh NJ, Ecke F, Katzner T, Bagchi S, Sandström P, Hörnfeldt B. Consequences of migratory coupling of predators and prey when mediated by human actions. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Navinder J. Singh
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Todd Katzner
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise ID USA
| | - Sumanta Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India
| | - Per Sandström
- Department of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
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15
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Naidu DGT, Bagchi S. Greening of the earth does not compensate for rising soil heterotrophic respiration under climate change. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:2029-2038. [PMID: 33508870 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stability of the soil carbon (C) pool under decadal scale variability in temperature and precipitation is an important source of uncertainty in our understanding of land-atmosphere climate feedbacks. This depends on how two opposing C-fluxes-influx from net primary production (NPP) and efflux from heterotrophic soil respiration (Rh )-respond to covariation in temperature and precipitation. There is scant evidence to judge whether field experiments which manipulate both temperature and precipitation align with Earth System Models, or not. As a result, even though the world is generally greening, whether the resultant gains in NPP can offset climate change impacts on Rh , where, and by how much, remains uncertain. Here, we use decadal-scale global time-series datasets on NPP, Rh , temperature, and precipitation to estimate the two opposing C-fluxes and address whether one can outpace the other. We implement machine-learning tools on recent (2001-2019) and near-future climate scenarios (2020-2040) to assess the response of both C-fluxes to temperature and precipitation variation. We find that changes in C-influx may not compensate for C-efflux, particularly in wetter and warmer conditions. Soil-C loss can occur in both tropics and at high latitudes since C-influx from NPP can fall behind C-efflux from Rh . Precipitation emerges as the key determinant of soil-C vulnerability in a warmer world, implying that hotspots for soil-C loss/gain can shift rapidly and highlighting that soil-C is vulnerable to climate change despite widespread greening of the world. The direction of covariation between change in temperature and precipitation, rather than their magnitude, can help conceptualize highly variable patterns in C-fluxes to guide soil-C stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip G T Naidu
- Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sumanta Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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16
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Bagchi S, Kanungo R, Tanaka YK, Geissel H, Doornenbal P, Horiuchi W, Hagen G, Suzuki T, Tsunoda N, Ahn DS, Baba H, Behr K, Browne F, Chen S, Cortés ML, Estradé A, Fukuda N, Holl M, Itahashi K, Iwasa N, Jansen GR, Jiang WG, Kaur S, Macchiavelli AO, Matsumoto SY, Momiyama S, Murray I, Nakamura T, Novario SJ, Ong HJ, Otsuka T, Papenbrock T, Paschalis S, Prochazka A, Scheidenberger C, Schrock P, Shimizu Y, Steppenbeck D, Sakurai H, Suzuki D, Suzuki H, Takechi M, Takeda H, Takeuchi S, Taniuchi R, Wimmer K, Yoshida K. Two-Neutron Halo is Unveiled in ^{29}F. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:222504. [PMID: 32567915 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.222504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the measurement of reaction cross sections (σ_{R}^{ex}) of ^{27,29}F with a carbon target at RIKEN. The unexpectedly large σ_{R}^{ex} and derived matter radius identify ^{29}F as the heaviest two-neutron Borromean halo to date. The halo is attributed to neutrons occupying the 2p_{3/2} orbital, thereby vanishing the shell closure associated with the neutron number N=20. The results are explained by state-of-the-art shell model calculations. Coupled-cluster computations based on effective field theories of the strong nuclear force describe the matter radius of ^{27}F but are challenged for ^{29}F.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bagchi
- Astronomy and Physics Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - R Kanungo
- Astronomy and Physics Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Y K Tanaka
- Astronomy and Physics Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - H Geissel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - P Doornenbal
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - W Horiuchi
- Department of Physics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - G Hagen
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - T Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Nihon University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - N Tsunoda
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - D S Ahn
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Baba
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Behr
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Browne
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Chen
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M L Cortés
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - A Estradé
- Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - N Fukuda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Holl
- Astronomy and Physics Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - K Itahashi
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - N Iwasa
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - G R Jansen
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - W G Jiang
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - S Kaur
- Astronomy and Physics Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - A O Macchiavelli
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Y Matsumoto
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - S Momiyama
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - I Murray
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institut de Physique Nucleaire, IN2P3, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - T Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - S J Novario
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - H J Ong
- RCNP, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567 0047, Japan
| | - T Otsuka
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Papenbrock
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - S Paschalis
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - A Prochazka
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Scheidenberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - P Schrock
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, RIKEN Campus, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Shimizu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - D Steppenbeck
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, RIKEN Campus, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Sakurai
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - D Suzuki
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Suzuki
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Takechi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2102, Japan
| | - H Takeda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Takeuchi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - R Taniuchi
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - K Wimmer
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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17
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Sitters J, Wubs ERJ, Bakker ES, Crowther TW, Adler PB, Bagchi S, Bakker JD, Biederman L, Borer ET, Cleland EE, Eisenhauer N, Firn J, Gherardi L, Hagenah N, Hautier Y, Hobbie SE, Knops JMH, MacDougall AS, McCulley RL, Moore JL, Mortensen B, Peri PL, Prober SM, Riggs C, Risch AC, Schütz M, Seabloom EW, Siebert J, Stevens CJ, Veen GF(C. Nutrient availability controls the impact of mammalian herbivores on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in grasslands. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:2060-2071. [PMID: 32012421 PMCID: PMC7155038 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Grasslands are subject to considerable alteration due to human activities globally, including widespread changes in populations and composition of large mammalian herbivores and elevated supply of nutrients. Grassland soils remain important reservoirs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Herbivores may affect both C and N pools and these changes likely interact with increases in soil nutrient availability. Given the scale of grassland soil fluxes, such changes can have striking consequences for atmospheric C concentrations and the climate. Here, we use the Nutrient Network experiment to examine the responses of soil C and N pools to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under ambient and elevated nutrient availabilities (fertilized with NPK + micronutrients). We show that the impact of herbivore exclusion on soil C and N pools depends on fertilization. Under ambient nutrient conditions, we observed no effect of herbivore exclusion, but under elevated nutrient supply, pools are smaller upon herbivore exclusion. The highest mean soil C and N pools were found in grazed and fertilized plots. The decrease in soil C and N upon herbivore exclusion in combination with fertilization correlated with a decrease in aboveground plant biomass and microbial activity, indicating a reduced storage of organic matter and microbial residues as soil C and N. The response of soil C and N pools to herbivore exclusion was contingent on temperature - herbivores likely cause losses of C and N in colder sites and increases in warmer sites. Additionally, grasslands that contain mammalian herbivores have the potential to sequester more N under increased temperature variability and nutrient enrichment than ungrazed grasslands. Our study highlights the importance of conserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide. We need to incorporate local-scale herbivory, and its interaction with nutrient enrichment and climate, within global-scale models to better predict land-atmosphere interactions under future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Sitters
- Department of Aquatic EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
- Ecology and BiodiversityDepartment BiologyVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - E. R. Jasper Wubs
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
- Sustainable Agroecosystems GroupInstitute of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Elisabeth S. Bakker
- Department of Aquatic EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas W. Crowther
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
- Institute of Integrative BiologyDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUTUSA
| | - Sumanta Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological SciencesIndian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Jonathan D. Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Lori Biederman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
| | - Elizabeth T. Borer
- Department of Eology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
| | - Elsa E. Cleland
- Ecology, Behavior & Evolution SectionUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Jennifer Firn
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Laureano Gherardi
- School of Life Sciences and Global Drylands CenterArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Nicole Hagenah
- Mammal Research InstituteDepartment of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity GroupDepartment of BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Eology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
| | - Johannes M. H. Knops
- Department of Health & Environmental ScienceXi’an Jiaotong Liverpool UniversitySuzhouChina
| | | | | | - Joslin L. Moore
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
| | | | - Pablo L. Peri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)Rio GallegosArgentina
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA)‐CONICETRio GallegosArgentina
| | | | - Charlotte Riggs
- Department of Soil, Water, and ClimateUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
| | - Anita C. Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Martin Schütz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Eric W. Seabloom
- Department of Eology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
| | - Julia Siebert
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | | | - G. F. (Ciska) Veen
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
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18
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Tanaka M, Takechi M, Homma A, Fukuda M, Nishimura D, Suzuki T, Tanaka Y, Moriguchi T, Ahn DS, Aimaganbetov A, Amano M, Arakawa H, Bagchi S, Behr KH, Burtebayev N, Chikaato K, Du H, Ebata S, Fujii T, Fukuda N, Geissel H, Hori T, Horiuchi W, Hoshino S, Igosawa R, Ikeda A, Inabe N, Inomata K, Itahashi K, Izumikawa T, Kamioka D, Kanda N, Kato I, Kenzhina I, Korkulu Z, Kuk Y, Kusaka K, Matsuta K, Mihara M, Miyata E, Nagae D, Nakamura S, Nassurlla M, Nishimuro K, Nishizuka K, Ohnishi K, Ohtake M, Ohtsubo T, Omika S, Ong HJ, Ozawa A, Prochazka A, Sakurai H, Scheidenberger C, Shimizu Y, Sugihara T, Sumikama T, Suzuki H, Suzuki S, Takeda H, Tanaka YK, Tanihata I, Wada T, Wakayama K, Yagi S, Yamaguchi T, Yanagihara R, Yanagisawa Y, Yoshida K, Zholdybayev TK. Swelling of Doubly Magic ^{48}Ca Core in Ca Isotopes beyond N=28. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:102501. [PMID: 32216444 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.102501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interaction cross sections for ^{42-51}Ca on a carbon target at 280 MeV/nucleon have been measured for the first time. The neutron number dependence of derived root-mean-square matter radii shows a significant increase beyond the neutron magic number N=28. Furthermore, this enhancement of matter radii is much larger than that of the previously measured charge radii, indicating a novel growth in neutron skin thickness. A simple examination based on the Fermi-type distribution, and mean field calculations point out that this anomalous enhancement of the nuclear size beyond N=28 results from an enlargement of the core by a sudden increase in the surface diffuseness of the neutron density distribution, which implies the swelling of the bare ^{48}Ca core in Ca isotopes beyond N=28.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Research Center for Superheavy Elements, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - M Takechi
- Department of Physics, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata 951-2181, Japan
| | - A Homma
- Department of Physics, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata 951-2181, Japan
| | - M Fukuda
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - D Nishimura
- Department of Physics, Tokyo City University, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
| | - T Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Y Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Moriguchi
- Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - D S Ahn
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - A Aimaganbetov
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, 050032 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, 010008 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - M Amano
- Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - H Arakawa
- Department of Physics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - S Bagchi
- Astronomy and Physics Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
- Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K-H Behr
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Burtebayev
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, 050032 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - K Chikaato
- Department of Physics, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata 951-2181, Japan
| | - H Du
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - S Ebata
- Department of Physics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - T Fujii
- Department of Physics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - N Fukuda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Geissel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Hori
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - W Horiuchi
- Department of Physics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - S Hoshino
- Department of Physics, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata 951-2181, Japan
| | - R Igosawa
- Department of Physics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - A Ikeda
- Department of Physics, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata 951-2181, Japan
| | - N Inabe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Inomata
- Department of Physics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - K Itahashi
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Izumikawa
- Institute for Research Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata 950-8510, Japan
| | - D Kamioka
- Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - N Kanda
- Department of Physics, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata 951-2181, Japan
| | - I Kato
- Department of Physics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - I Kenzhina
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, 050032 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Z Korkulu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Kuk
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, 050032 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, 010008 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - K Kusaka
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Matsuta
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - M Mihara
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - E Miyata
- Department of Physics, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata 951-2181, Japan
| | - D Nagae
- Research Center for Superheavy Elements, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - M Nassurlla
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, 050032 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - K Nishimuro
- Department of Physics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - K Nishizuka
- Department of Physics, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata 951-2181, Japan
| | - K Ohnishi
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - M Ohtake
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Ohtsubo
- Department of Physics, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata 951-2181, Japan
| | - S Omika
- Department of Physics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - H J Ong
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - A Ozawa
- Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - A Prochazka
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Sakurai
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - C Scheidenberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Y Shimizu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Sugihara
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Sumikama
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Suzuki
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Suzuki
- Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - H Takeda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y K Tanaka
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - I Tanihata
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - T Wada
- Department of Physics, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata 951-2181, Japan
| | - K Wakayama
- Department of Physics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - S Yagi
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Yamaguchi
- Department of Physics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Yanagihara
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Y Yanagisawa
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T K Zholdybayev
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, 050032 Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
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19
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Caamaño M, Roger T, Moro AM, Grinyer GF, Pancin J, Bagchi S, Sambi S, Gibelin J, Itagaki N, Fernández–Domínguez B, Benlliure J, Cortina-Gil D, Farget F, Jacquot B, Pérez Loureiro D, Pietras B, Raabe R, Ramos D, Rodríguez–Tajes C, Savajols H, Vandebrouck M. Structure of superheavy hydrogen 7H. EPJ Web Conf 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023204002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of nuclei with extreme neutron–to–proton ratios reveal the limitations of state-ofthe-art nuclear models and are key to understand nuclear forces. 7H, with six neutrons and a single proton, is the nuclear system with the most unbalanced neutron–to–proton ratio ever known, but its sheer existence and properties are still a challenge for experimental efforts and theoretical models. We report here the first measurement of the basic characteristics and structure of the ground state of 7H; they depict a system with a triton core surrounded by an extended four-neutron halo, built by neutron pairing, that decays through a unique four–neutron emission with a relatively long half-life. These properties are a prime example of new phenomena occurring in almost pure-neutron nuclear matter, beyond the binding limits of the nuclear landscape, that are yet to be described within our current models.
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20
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Bagchi S, Sharma RK, Bhatnagar YV. Change in snow leopard predation on livestock after revival of wild prey in the Trans-Himalaya. Wildlife Biology 2019. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Bagchi
- S. Bagchi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4841-6748) ✉ , Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Inst. of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Rishi K. Sharma
- R. K. Sharma and Y. V. Bhatnagar, Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore, India. RKS also at: Manipal Univ., Manipal, Karnataka, India. YVB also at: Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yash V. Bhatnagar
- R. K. Sharma and Y. V. Bhatnagar, Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore, India. RKS also at: Manipal Univ., Manipal, Karnataka, India. YVB also at: Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle, WA, USA
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21
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Shah A, Stelzle D, Lee K, Alam S, Clifford S, Longenecker C, Strachan F, Bagchi S, Whiteley W, Rajagopalan S, Kottilil S, Nair H, Newby D, McAllister D, Mills N. P448Global burden of cardiovascular disease in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx501.p448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Bagchi S, Singh NJ, Briske DD, Bestelmeyer BT, McClaran MP, Murthy K. Quantifying long-term plant community dynamics with movement models: implications for ecological resilience. Ecol Appl 2017; 27:1514-1528. [PMID: 28370777 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of rates and patterns of community dynamics is central for understanding the organization and function of ecosystems. These insights may support a greater empirical understanding of ecological resilience, and the application of resilience concepts toward ecosystem management. Distinct types of dynamics in natural communities can be used to interpret and apply resilience concepts, but quantitative methods that can systematically distinguish among them are needed. We develop a quantitative method to analyze long-term records of plant community dynamics using principles of movement ecology. We analyzed dissimilarity of species composition through time with linear and nonlinear statistical models to assign community change to four classes of movement trajectories. Compositional change in each sampled plot through time was classified into four classes, stability, abrupt nonlinear change, transient reversible change, and gradual linear drift, each representing a different aspect of ecological resilience. These competing models were evaluated based on estimated coefficients, goodness of fit, and parsimony. We tested our method's accuracy and robustness through simulations, or the ability to distinguish among trajectories and classify them correctly. We simulated 16,000 trajectories of four types, of which 94-100% were correctly classified. Next, we analyzed 13 long-term vegetation records from North American grasslands (annual grasslands with warm-season and cool-season communities, shortgrass, mixedgrass, and tallgrass prairies, and sagebrush steppe), and a record of primary succession at Mt. St. Helens volcano. Collectively, we analyzed 14,647 observations from 775 plots, between 1915 and 2012. Dynamics could be reliably assigned for 705 plots (91%), and overall statistical fit was high (goodness of fit, 0.77 ± 0.15 SD). Among the perennial grasslands, stability was most common (44% of all plots), followed by gradual linear (22%), abrupt nonlinear (17%), and reversible (6%) change. Among annual grasslands, abrupt nonlinear shifts (33%) were more common in the warm-season community than in the cool-season (20%). As expected, abrupt nonlinear change was common during primary succession (51%) while reversible change was rare (3%). Generally, reversible dynamics often required 2-3 decades. Analysis of long-term community change, or trajectories, with principles of movement ecology provides a quantitative basis to compare and interpret ecological resilience within and among ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Navinder J Singh
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90183, Sweden
| | - David D Briske
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, 2120 TAMU, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Brandon T Bestelmeyer
- USDA-ARS, Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| | - Mitchel P McClaran
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210137, Tucson, Arizona, 85719, USA
| | - Karthik Murthy
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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23
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Agarwal SK, Bhowmik D, Mahajan S, Bagchi S. Pegylated interferon monotherapy for hepatitis C virus infection in patients on hemodialysis: A single center study. Indian J Nephrol 2016; 26:244-51. [PMID: 27512295 PMCID: PMC4964683 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.172228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no published study from India on hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment in dialysis patients. Patients on dialysis with HCV infection treated with pegylated interferon (Peg-INF) monotherapy were studied. All patients were subjected to HCV-polymerase chain reaction, viral load, genotype, and liver biopsy. Quantitative HCV-RNA was performed monthly. Patients with genotype 1 and 4 were given 12 month therapy while those with genotypes 2 and 3 were given 6 months therapy. Response was classified as per standard criteria of rapid virological response (RVR), early virological response (EVR), end of treatment response (ETR), and sustained virological response (SVR). A total of 85 patients were treated. Mean age was 35.2 ± 10.5 (range 15-67) years, and 77.6% were males. HCV genotypes were 1 in 40.9%, 2 in 12%, 3 in 36.1%, 4 in 3.6%, and others in 7.2%. Mean viral load was 10(6) copies/mL. Mean liver biopsy grade was 4 ± 1.7 and stage 0.8 ± 0.8. Mean time from diagnosis of HCV infection and the treatment start was 10.7 ± 14.3 months. One patient died of unrelated illness, one was lost to follow-up, and three could not sustain treatment due to cost. Forty-three of the 80 (54%) patients had RVR while 49 (61%) patients had EVR and ETR. There was no difference in term of RVR related to genotype. Fifty -four percentage had SVR. Mild flu-like symptoms were seen in all patients. Sixty-four (80%) patients required increase in erythropoietin doses. Twenty-eight (35%) patients developed leukopenia (three treatment-limiting) and 16 (20%) developed thrombocytopenia (one treatment-limiting). Five patients developed tuberculosis, five bacterial pneumonia, and one bacterial knee monoarthritis. None of the patients developed depression. Our study concludes that Peg-INF monotherapy resulted in 54% RVR and SVR in dialysis patients with HCV infection. Therapy was well-tolerated with minimal side effects. There was no effect of viral genotype on response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Agarwal
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - D Bhowmik
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Mahajan
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Bagchi
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ranjan R, Bagchi S. Functional response and body size in consumer–resource interactions: Unimodality favors facilitation. Theor Popul Biol 2016; 110:25-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Singh A, Das CJ, Gupta AK, Bagchi S. Role of diffusion weighted imaging in diagnosis of post transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: Case reports and review of literature. Indian J Nephrol 2016; 26:212-5. [PMID: 27194838 PMCID: PMC4862269 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.163430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder include a spectrum of conditions occurring in immunosuppressed post transplant recipients, lymphoma being the most ominous. 18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography CT) is the current imaging gold standard for lymphoma imaging as it allows both morphological and functional assessment. CT and/or conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used for morphological evaluation in transplant recipients. Integrating diffusion weighted imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient analysis in MRI protocol enhances its sensitivity and may prove invaluable in response assessment in transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Singh
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - C J Das
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - S Bagchi
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Bagchi S, Jayaram Kumar K. Studies on water soluble polysaccharides from Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. seeds. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 138:215-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Bagchi S, Tayyab M, Ramakrishna B, Upadhyay A, Mandal T, Chakera JA, Naik PA, Gupta PD. Micrometer-sized negative-ion accelerator based on ultrashort laser pulse interaction with transparent solids. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 92:051103. [PMID: 26651640 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.051103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report here energetic (>100 keV) negative hydrogen ions (H(-)) generated in the interaction of moderately intense (10(18) W cm(-2)) ultrashort laser pulses (45 fs) with transparent hydrogen containing solid targets. An unambiguous and consistent detection of negative hydrogen ions, with a flux of 8×10(11)H(-) ions/sr, has been observed in every single laser shot, using a Thomson parabola ion spectrograph. Simple estimates based on charge transfer cross sections match well with experimental observations. Our method offers the implementation of an intense, ultrashort laser based negative-ion source at a higher repetition rate, which can be important for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bagchi
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - M Tayyab
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - B Ramakrishna
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - A Upadhyay
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - T Mandal
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - J A Chakera
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - P A Naik
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - P D Gupta
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
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Tayyab M, Bagchi S, Ramakrishna B, Mandal T, Upadhyay A, Ramis R, Chakera JA, Naik PA, Gupta PD. Role of target material in proton acceleration from thin foils irradiated by ultrashort laser pulses. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 90:023103. [PMID: 25215835 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.023103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the proton acceleration studies from thin metallic foils of varying atomic number (Z) and thicknesses, investigated using a 45 fs, 10 TW Ti:sapphire laser system. An optimum foil thickness was observed for efficient proton acceleration for our laser conditions, dictated by the laser ASE prepulse and hot electron propagation behavior inside the material. The hydrodynamic simulations for ASE prepulse support the experimental observation. The observed maximum proton energy at different thicknesses for a given element is in good agreement with the reported scaling laws. The results with foils of different atomic number Z suggest that a judicious choice of the foil material can enhance the proton acceleration efficiency, resulting into higher proton energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tayyab
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - S Bagchi
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - B Ramakrishna
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - T Mandal
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - A Upadhyay
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - R Ramis
- E.T.S.I. Aeronáuticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Chakera
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - P A Naik
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - P D Gupta
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
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Bagchi S, Sachdev SS, Nalwa A, Das CJ, Sinha S, Suri V, Mahajan S, Bhowmik D, Agarwal S. Multiple intracranial space-occupying lesions in a renal transplant recipient from an area endemic for tuberculosis (TB): TB vs. toxoplasmosis. Transpl Infect Dis 2014; 16:838-42. [PMID: 25040057 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Renal transplant recipients may present with intracranial space-occupying lesions (SOLs) due to infections as well as a post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Here, we discuss a renal transplant recipient who presented with neurologic symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed multiple focal SOLs. Tuberculosis (TB), toxoplasmosis, nocardiosis, fungal infections, and PTLD were considered in the differential diagnosis. MRI spectroscopy was suggestive of an infectious cause, such as toxoplasmosis or TB. Serologic tests using Toxoplasma were negative. A brain biopsy followed by immunohistochemical staining using Toxoplasma antibody demonstrated multiple intravascular cysts of toxoplasma. This case highlights the diagnostic dilemma in an immunocompromised patient with multiple focal brain lesions, especially in areas where TB is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bagchi
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Basu M, Das P, Dhar G, Datta S, Chattopaddhyay S, Bagchi S, Pal R. Pattern and Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Future Physicians. Nepal J Epidemiol 2014. [DOI: 10.3126/nje.v4i1.10134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight including obesity is a leading cause of present day morbidity and kills more people than underweight. Keeping this background in mind this study had been conducted to establish the pattern of overweight and obesity in the midst of undergraduate medical group and to find out the association of overweight (plump) and obesity with probable hazardous factors. Materials and Methods This descriptive observational study had been conducted among undergraduate medical group for the duration of May to June 2011. Simple random sampling was adopted to select the students under study. A pretested, predesigned self-administered questionnaire was utilized for data collection. Body Mass Index (BMI) was assessed through weight and height and acted as forecaster of heavy figure and or obesity. Overweight and or obesity were analyzed to see the association with certain socio-demographic variables, dietary habits, family history of overweight and or obesity, life style issues, computer use etc. After collection of data, these were analyzed using tabulation, proportion and Chi square through Epi-Info software. Results The study subjects were young adults. The general pattern of overweight (plump) and obesity was 18.0 percent and 4.0 percent respectively. Overweight and or obesity was found significantly high among male students, fast food and soft drinks takers, low takers of fruits and vegetables, alcohol consumers, students with lack of exercise and family history of obesity. Overweight and obesity were not found associated with type of diet (vegetarian or non-vegetarian) and smoking. Conclusion Presence of probable associated factors with regard to overweight (plump) and obesity exists amid medical undergraduate pupils.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v4i1.10134 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2014;4 (1): 323-329
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Schmid MV, Bagchi S, Bönig S, Csatlós M, Dillmann I, Dimopoulou C, Egelhof P, Eremin V, Furuno T, Geissel H, Gernhäuser R, Harakeh MN, Hartig AL, Ilieva S, Kalantar-Nayestanaki N, Kiselev O, Kollmus H, Kozhuharov C, Krasznahorkay A, Kröll T, Kuilman M, Litvinov S, Litvinov YA, Mahjour-Shafiei M, Mutterer M, Nagae D, Najafi MA, Nociforo C, Nolden F, Popp U, Rigollet C, Roy S, Scheidenberger C, Steck M, Streicher B, Stuhl L, Thürauf M, Uesaka T, Weick H, Winfield JS, Winters D, Woods PJ, Yamaguchi T, Yue K, Zamora JC, Zenihiro J. First EXL experiment with stored radioactive beam: Proton scattering on56Ni. EPJ Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146603093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Bagchi S, Briske DD, Bestelmeyer BT, Ben Wu X. Assessing resilience and state‐transition models with historical records of cheatgrass
B
romus tectorum
invasion in
N
orth
A
merican sagebrush‐steppe. J Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Bagchi
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Texas A&M University 2138 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - David D. Briske
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Texas A&M University 2138 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Brandon T. Bestelmeyer
- USDA‐ARS Jornada Experimental Range and Jornada Basin LTER New Mexico State University MSC 3JER, Box 30003 Las Cruces NM 88003 USA
| | - X. Ben Wu
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Texas A&M University 2138 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
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Singh NJ, Bagchi S. Applied ecology in India: scope of science and policy to meet contemporary environmental and socio-ecological challenges. J Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Leela C, Bagchi S, Tewari SP, Kiran PP. Shockwave and cavitation bubble dynamics of atmospheric air. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135919003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Bagchi S, Briske DD, Wu XB, McClaran MP, Bestelmeyer BT, Fernández-Giménez ME. Empirical assessment of state-and-transition models with a long-term vegetation record from the Sonoran Desert. Ecol Appl 2012; 22:400-411. [PMID: 22611843 DOI: 10.1890/11-0704.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Resilience-based frameworks, including state-and-transition models (STM), are being increasingly called upon to inform policy and guide ecosystem management, particularly in rangelands. Yet, multiple challenges impede their effective implementation: (1) paucity of empirical tests of resilience concepts, such as alternative states and thresholds, and (2) heavy reliance on expert models, which are seldom tested against empirical data. We developed an analytical protocol to identify unique plant communities and their transitions, and applied it to a long-term vegetation record from the Sonoran Desert (1953-2009). We assessed whether empirical trends were consistent with resilience concepts, and evaluated how they may inform the construction and interpretation of expert STMs. Seven statistically distinct plant communities were identified based on the cover of 22 plant species in 68 permanent transects. We recorded 253 instances of community transitions, associated with changes in species composition between successive samplings. Expectedly, transitions were more frequent among proximate communities with similar species pools than among distant communities. But unexpectedly, communities and transitions were not strongly constrained by soil type and topography. Only 18 transitions featured disproportionately large compositional turnover (species dissimilarity ranged between 0.54 and 0.68), and these were closely associated with communities that were dominated by the common shrub (burroweed, Haplopappus tenuisecta); indicating that only some, and not all, communities may be prone to large compositional change. Temporal dynamics in individual transects illustrated four general trajectories: stability, nondirectional drift, reversibility, and directional shifts that were not reversed even after 2-3 decades. The frequency of transitions and the accompanying species dissimilarity were both positively correlated with fluctuation in precipitation, indicating that climatic drivers require more attention in STMs. Many features of the expert models, including the number of communities and participant species, were consistent with empirical trends, but expert models underrepresented recent increases in cacti while overemphasizing the introduced Lehmann's lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana). Quantification of communities and transitions within long-term vegetation records presents several quantitative metrics such as transition frequency, magnitude of accompanying compositional change, presence of unidirectional trajectories, and lack of reversibility within various timescales, which can clarify resilience concepts and inform the construction and interpretation of STMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Bagchi
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, 2138 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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Zekker I, Vlaeminck SE, Bagchi S, Courtens E, De Clippeleir H, Kerckhof FM, Boon N. Selecting nitrifying inocula on different ammonium concentrations. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2012; 77:275-279. [PMID: 22558795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Zekker
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Abstract
Grazing occurs over a third of the earth's land surface and may potentially influence the storage of 10(9) Mg year(-1) of greenhouse gases as soil C. Displacement of native herbivores by high densities of livestock has often led to overgrazing and soil C loss. However, it remains unknown whether matching livestock densities to those of native herbivores can yield equivalent soil C sequestration. In the Trans-Himalayas we found that, despite comparable grazing intensities, watersheds converted to pastoralism had 49% lower soil C than watersheds which retain native herbivores. Experimental grazer-exclusion within each watershed type, show that this difference appears to be driven by indirect effects of livestock diet selection, leading to vegetation shifts that lower plant production and reduce likely soil C inputs from vegetation by c. 25 gC m(-2) year(-1). Our results suggest that while accounting for direct impacts (stocking density) is a major step, managing indirect impacts on vegetation composition are equally important in influencing soil C sequestration in grazing ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Bagchi
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Life Sciences Complex, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
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Biswas R, Bagchi S, Urewar C, Gupta D, Nandy T. Treatment of wastewater from a low-temperature carbonization process industry through biological and chemical oxidation processes for recycle/reuse: a case study. Water Sci Technol 2010; 61:2563-2573. [PMID: 20453329 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2010.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature carbonization (LTC) of coal generates highly complex wastewater warranting stringent treatment. Developing a techno-economically viable treatment facility for such wastewaters is a challenging task. The paper discusses a case study pertaining to an existing non-performing effluent treatment plant (ETP). The existing ETP comprising an ammonia stripper followed by a single stage biological oxidation was unable to treat 1,050 m(3)/d of effluent as per the stipulated discharge norms. The treated effluent from the existing ETP was characterized with high concentrations of ammonia (75-345 mg N/l), COD (313-1,422 mg/l) and cyanide (0.5-4 mg/l). Studies were undertaken to facilitate recycling/reuse of the treated effluent within the plant. A second stage biooxidation process was investigated at pilot scale for the treatment of the effluent from the ETP. This was further subjected to tertiary treatment with 0.5% dose of 4% hypochlorite which resulted in effluent with pH: 6.6-6.8, COD: 73-121 mg/l, and BOD(5):<10 mg/l. Phenol, cyanide and ammonia were below detectable limits and the colourless effluent was suitable for recycle and reuse. Thus, a modified treatment scheme comprising ammonia pre-stripping followed by two-stage biooxidation process and a chemical oxidation step with hypochlorite at tertiary stage was proposed for recycle/reuse of LTC wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Biswas
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India.
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Abstract
This paper reviews the patterns of occurrence, measurement and the effect of birth weight discordance on fetal and neonatal mortality in multiple pregnancies (twins and triplets). Birth weight discordance is fairly common among multiple pregnancies, and about one-quarter of the twin deliveries are affected by a birth weight discordance of 15%, while nearly 5% of twin gestations experience severe discordance (>or= 35%). Factors influencing birth weight discordance are exaggerated in triplet deliveries. Approximately 20% of triplet sets experience a birth weight discordance of 25 - 35% and nearly 10% experience severe forms of discordance. Frequencies of discordant sets at >25% discordance along the range of birth weight deciles show an inverse logarithmic relationship in twins, while the best-fit function in triplets is polynomial. Birth weight discordance is significantly associated with both fetal and neonatal mortality. Neonatal demise among the severely discordant smaller twin is significantly more frequent than in a non-discordant smaller twin. The magnitude of the effect is greater when one or both of the discordant twins are concomitantly small for gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bagchi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Abstract
The Cul4A gene, which encodes a core component of a cullin-based E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, is over-expressed in breast and hepatocellular cancers. In breast cancers, over-expression of Cul4A strongly correlates with poor prognosis. Also, Cul4A is required for early embryonic development. Early lethality of mouse embryos prevented a detailed analysis of the functions of Cul4A. Here, we used a strain of mice carrying floxed alleles of Cul4A to study its role in cell division, in vitro and in vivo. Embryonic fibroblasts exhibit a severe deficiency in cell proliferation following deletion of Cul4A. We observed that the Cul4A protein is abundantly expressed in brain, liver and in the mammary tissue of pregnant mice. Deletion of Cul4A in liver impairs hepatocyte proliferation during regeneration following carbon tetrachloride induced injury. The Cul4A-deleted cells are slow in entering S phase, and are deficient in progressing through early M phase. Several cell cycle regulators, including p53 and p27Kip1, are de-regulated in the Cul4A-deleted cells. Expression of a dominant negative mutant of p53 causes significant reversal of the proliferation defects in Cul4A-deleted cells. The Cul4A-deleted cells exhibit aberrant number of centrosome, multipolar spindles and micronuclei formation. Furthermore, those cells are sensitive to UV irradiation and exhibit reduced levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis. Together, our observations indicate that Cul4A is required for efficient cell proliferation, control of the centrosome amplification and genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kopanja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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Bagchi S, Prakash Goyal S, Shankar K. Social organisation and population structure of ungulates in a dry tropical forest in western India (Mammalia, Artiodactyla). MAMMALIA 2008. [DOI: 10.1515/mamm.2008.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bagchi S. Promising results for new tuberculosis therapy. CMAJ 2008; 178:19. [DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.071681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Bagchi S. Faster malaria testing. CMAJ 2007; 177:1016. [DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.071188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Abstract
A 10-month-old female child presented with intermittent high grade fever, pain and diffuse swelling in the left knee joint with history of ecchymosis in different areas of the body. There was radiological features of acute osteomyelitis, low fibrinogen level and bacteremia due to the presence of coagulase positive staphylococcus aureus. The child responded nicely to the treatment for acute osteomyelitis and congenital hypofibrinogenemia. So, in congenital hypofibrinogenemia, a joint swelling might be a resultant of an acute osteomyelitis, not mere hemarthrosis.
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48
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Roy SK, Roy SK, Bagchi S, Bajpayee A, Pal R, Biswas R. Study of KAP of the private medical practitioners about national disease control programmes. Indian J Public Health 2005; 49:256-7. [PMID: 16479915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out among the Private Allopathic Medical Practitioners (PMPs) at Khardah Municipal area (West Bengal) to find out their perception & practice about management protocol of diseases like acute respiratory infections and diarrhoel diseases in children, malaria and tuberculosis. Data was collected by interviewing the PMPs with pre-designed open-ended questionnaire. It was supplemented by analysing sample prescriptions of the same diseases. The study revealed that PMPs knowledge and practice were not at par with national guidelines. The need for periodic sensitization of PMPs regarding national disease control programme was emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Roy
- Dept. of PSM, MGM Medical College, Kishanganj, Bihar
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Rajeev PP, Ayyub P, Bagchi S, Kumar GR. Nanostructures, local fields, and enhanced absorption in intense light-matter interaction. Opt Lett 2004; 29:2662-2664. [PMID: 15552678 DOI: 10.1364/ol.29.002662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent literature has reported impressive enhancements in hard-x-ray emission from short-lived solid plasmas by modulation of the interacting surface with nanostructures. We show that the modification of local electric fields near surface structures results in excessive absorption and enhanced x-ray production. A simple model based on local field variations explains the observed x-ray enhancements quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Rajeev
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, India
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50
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