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Li R, Hu Y, Sun X, Zhang Z, Chen K, Liu Q, Chen X. Intra-nanoparticle plasmonic nanogap based spatial-confinement SERS analysis of polypeptides. Talanta 2024; 273:125899. [PMID: 38484502 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Sensing and characterizing water-soluble polypeptides are essential in various biological applications. However, detecting polypeptides using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) remains a challenge due to the dominance of aromatic amino acid residues and backbones in the signal, which hinders the detection of non-aromatic amino acid residues. Herein, intra-nanoparticle plasmonic nanogap were designed by etching the Ag shell in Au@AgNPs (i.e., obtaining AuAg cores) with chlorauric acid under mild conditions, at the same time forming the outermost Au shell and the void between the AuAg cores and the Au shell (AuAg@void@Au). By varying the Ag to added chloroauric acid molar ratios, we pioneered a simple, controllable, and general synthetic strategy to form interlayer-free nanoparticles with tunable Au shell thickness, achieving precise regulation of electric field enhancement within the intra-nanogap. As validation, two polypeptide molecules, bacitracin and insulin B, were successfully synchronously encapsulated and spatial-confined in the intra-nanogap for sensing. Compared with concentrated 50 nm AuNPs and Au@AgNPs as SERS substrates, our simultaneous detection method improved the sensitivity of the assay while benefiting to obtain more comprehensive characteristic peaks of polypeptides. The synthetic strategy of confining analytes while fabricating plasmonic nanostructures enables the diffusion of target molecules into the nanogap in a highly specific and sensitive manner, providing the majority of the functionality required to achieve peptide detection or sequencing without the hassle of labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yuyang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Kecen Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha 410205, China.
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2
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Richtsmeier D, Rodesch PA, Iniewski K, Bazalova-Carter M. Material decomposition with a prototype photon-counting detector CT system: expanding a stoichiometric dual-energy CT method via energy bin optimization and K-edge imaging. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:055001. [PMID: 38306974 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad25c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Computed tomography (CT) has advanced since its inception, with breakthroughs such as dual-energy CT (DECT), which extracts additional information by acquiring two sets of data at different energies. As high-flux photon-counting detectors (PCDs) become available, PCD-CT is also becoming a reality. PCD-CT can acquire multi-energy data sets in a single scan by spectrally binning the incident x-ray beam. With this, K-edge imaging becomes possible, allowing high atomic number (high-Z) contrast materials to be distinguished and quantified. In this study, we demonstrated that DECT methods can be converted to PCD-CT systems by extending the method of Bourqueet al(2014). We optimized the energy bins of the PCD for this purpose and expanded the capabilities by employing K-edge subtraction imaging to separate a high-atomic number contrast material.Approach.The method decomposes materials into their effective atomic number (Zeff) and electron density relative to water (ρe). The model was calibrated and evaluated using tissue-equivalent materials from the RMI Gammex electron density phantom with knownρevalues and elemental compositions. TheoreticalZeffvalues were found for the appropriate energy ranges using the elemental composition of the materials.Zeffvaried slightly with energy but was considered a systematic error. Anex vivobovine tissue sample was decomposed to evaluate the model further and was injected with gold chloride to demonstrate the separation of a K-edge contrast agent.Main results.The mean root mean squared percent errors on the extractedZeffandρefor PCD-CT were 0.76% and 0.72%, respectively and 1.77% and 1.98% for DECT. The tissue types in theex vivobovine tissue sample were also correctly identified after decomposition. Additionally, gold chloride was separated from theex vivotissue sample with K-edge imaging.Significance.PCD-CT offers the ability to employ DECT material decomposition methods, along with providing additional capabilities such as K-edge imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Richtsmeier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Pierre-Antoine Rodesch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Kris Iniewski
- Redlen Techologies, 1763 Sean Heights, Saanichton, British Columbia V8M 1X6, Canada
| | - Magdalena Bazalova-Carter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
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3
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Cheng CW, Lee SY, Zhan SQ, Huang CL, Chen TY, Yuann JMP, Huang ST, Chiu CM, Liang JY. The effect of photolysis of sodium citrate treated with gold chloride using coloured light on the generation of gold nanoparticles and the repression of WiDr colon cancer cells. J Photochem Photobiol B 2024; 251:112844. [PMID: 38224669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are usually formed via a wet chemical method using gold (III) chloride trihydrate (GC), which is treated with stable reducing agents such as sodium citrate (SC). This study determines the effect of coloured light on the formation of GNPs by irradiation of SC after the addition of GC (SCGC) and the effect of the SCGC photolytic procedure on the suppression of WiDr colon cancer cells by forming reactive oxygen species. The absorbance of surface plasmon resonance peaks at 523 nm are 0.069 and 0.219 for SCGC when treated with blue light illumination (BLI) and violet light irradiation (VLI), respectively, whereas green and red light treatments have little or no effect. Most GNPs have diameters ranging from 3 to 15 nm, with a mean of 6 nm, when SCGC is exposed to VLI for 1.5 h. Anionic superoxide radicals (O2•-) are formed in a charge-transfer process after SCGC under VLI treatment; however, BLI treatment produces no significant reaction. Moreover, SCGC under VLI treatment proves to be considerably more effective at inhibiting WiDr cells than BLI treatment, as firstly reported in this study. The reduction rates for WiDr cells treated with SCGC under BLI and VLI at an intensity of 2.0 mW/cm2 for 1.5 h (energy dose, 10.8 J/cm2) are 4.1% and 57.7%, respectively. The suppression rates for WiDr cells treated with SCGC are inhibited in an irradiance-dependent manner, the inhibition percentages being 57.7%, 63.3%, and 80.2% achieved at VLI intensities of 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 mW/cm2 for 1.5 h, respectively. Propidium iodide is a fluorescent dye that detects DNA changes after cell death. The number of propidium iodide-positive nuclei significantly increases in WiDr cells treated with SCGC under VLI, suggesting that SCGC photolysis under VLI is a potential treatment option for the photodynamic therapy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, GuiShan 33343, Taiwan.
| | - Shwu-Yuan Lee
- Department of Tourism and Leisure, Hsing Wu University, New Taipei City 24452, Taiwan.
| | - Shao-Qi Zhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, GuiShan 33343, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Liang Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan.
| | - Tang-Yu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, GuiShan 33343, Taiwan.
| | - Jeu-Ming P Yuann
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, GuiShan 33343, Taiwan.
| | - Shiuh-Tsuen Huang
- Department of Science Education and Application, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung 40306, Taiwan; Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40200, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Ming Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, GuiShan 33343, Taiwan.
| | - Ji-Yuan Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, GuiShan 33343, Taiwan.
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Cui Q, Ding W, Liu P, Luo B, Yang J, Lu W, Hu Y, Huang P, Wen S. Developing Bi-Gold Compound BGC2a to Target Mitochondria for the Elimination of Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012169. [PMID: 36293028 PMCID: PMC9602679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and mitochondrial metabolism are critical for the survival of cancer cells, including cancer stem cells (CSCs), which often cause drug resistance and cancer relapse. Auranofin is a mono-gold anti-rheumatic drug, and it has been repurposed as an anticancer agent working by the induction of both ROS increase and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hypothetically, increasing auranofin’s positive charges via incorporating more gold atoms to enhance its mitochondria-targeting capacity could enhance its anti-cancer efficacy. Hence, in this work, both mono-gold and bi-gold compounds were designed and evaluated to test our hypothesis. The results showed that bi-gold compounds generally suppressed cancer cells proliferation better than their mono-gold counterparts. The most potent compound, BGC2a, substantially inhibited the antioxidant enzyme TrxR and increased the cellular ROS. BGC2a induced cell apoptosis, which could not be reversed by the antioxidant agent vitamin C, implying that the ROS induced by TrxR inhibition might not be the decisive cause of cell death. As expected, a significant proportion of BGC2a accumulated within mitochondria, likely contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction, which was further confirmed by measuring oxygen consumption rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP production. Moreover, BGC2a inhibited colony formation and reduced stem-like side population (SP) cells of A549. Finally, the compound effectively suppressed the tumor growth of both A549 and PANC-1 xenografts. Our study showed that mitochondrial disturbance may be gold-based compounds’ major lethal factor in eradicating cancer cells, providing a new approach to developing potent gold-based anti-cancer drugs by increasing mitochondria-targeting capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peng Huang
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (S.W.); Tel.: +86-20-87343511 (P.H.); +86-20-87342283 (S.W.)
| | - Shijun Wen
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (S.W.); Tel.: +86-20-87343511 (P.H.); +86-20-87342283 (S.W.)
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Schwartz‐Duval AS, Sokolov KV. Prospecting Cellular Gold Nanoparticle Biomineralization as a Viable Alternative to Prefabricated Gold Nanoparticles. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2105957. [PMID: 35508715 PMCID: PMC9284136 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have shown considerable potential in a vast number of biomedical applications. However, currently there are no clinically approved injectable GNP formulations. Conversely, gold salts have been used in the clinic for nearly a century. Further, there is evidence of GNP formation in patients treated with gold salts (i.e., chrysiasis). Recent reports evaluating this phenomenon in human cells and in murine models indicate that the use of gold ions for in situ formation of theranostic GNPs could greatly improve the delivery within dense biological tissues, increase efficiency of intracellular gold uptake, and specificity of GNP formation within cancer cells. These attributes in combination with safe clinical application of gold salts make this process a viable strategy for clinical translation. Here, the first summary of the current knowledge related to GNP biomineralization in mammalian cells is provided along with critical assessment of potential biomedical applications of this newly emergent field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S. Schwartz‐Duval
- Department of Imaging PhysicsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center1515 Holcombe BoulevardHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Konstantin V. Sokolov
- Department of Imaging PhysicsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center1515 Holcombe BoulevardHoustonTX77030USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences6767 Bertner AveHoustonTX77030USA
- Department of BioengineeringRice University6100 Main St.HoustonTX77030USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin107 W Dean Keeton St.AustinTX78712USA
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Massai L, Messori L, Carpentieri A, Amoresano A, Melchiorre C, Fiaschi T, Modesti A, Gamberi T, Magherini F. The effects of two gold-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes in ovarian cancer cells: a redox proteomic study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 89:809-823. [PMID: 35543764 PMCID: PMC9135895 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Standard treatment consists of tumor debulking surgery followed by platinum and paclitaxel chemotherapy; yet, despite the initial response, about 70-75% of patients develop resistance to chemotherapy. Gold compounds represent a family of very promising anticancer drugs. Among them, we previously investigated the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic properties of Au(NHC) and Au(NHC)2PF6, i.e., a monocarbene gold(I) complex and the corresponding bis(carbene) complex. Gold compounds are known to alter the redox state of cells interacting with free cysteine and selenocysteine residues of several proteins. Herein, a redox proteomic study has been carried out to elucidate the mechanisms of cytotoxicity in A2780 human ovarian cancer cells. METHODS A biotinylated iodoacetamide labeling method coupled with mass spectrometry was used to identify oxidation-sensitive protein cysteines. RESULTS Gold carbene complexes cause extensive oxidation of several cellular proteins; many affected proteins belong to two major functional classes: carbohydrate metabolism, and cytoskeleton organization/cell adhesion. Among the affected proteins, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition was proved by enzymatic assays and by ESI-MS studies. We also found that Au(NHC)2PF6 inhibits mitochondrial respiration impairing complex I function. Concerning the oxidized cytoskeletal proteins, gold binding to the free cysteines of actin was demonstrated by ESI-MS analysis. Notably, both gold compounds affected cell migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we deepened the mode of action of Au(NHC) and Au(NHC)2PF6, identifying common cellular targets but confirming their different influence on the mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Massai
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Firenze, Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Carpentieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Melchiorre
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Tania Fiaschi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Mario Serio" University of Florence Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Modesti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Mario Serio" University of Florence Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Tania Gamberi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Mario Serio" University of Florence Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Francesca Magherini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Mario Serio" University of Florence Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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Liao J, Tian T, Shi S, Xie X, Peng S, Zhu Y, Xiao J, Lin Y. Broadening the biocompatibility of gold nanorods from rat to Macaca fascicularis: advancing clinical potential. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:195. [PMID: 34193184 PMCID: PMC8243831 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biomedical field has used gold nanorods (GNRs) for decades; however, clinical trials and translation is limited except gold nanoshells. The preparation of gold nanoshells is more complex than that of polyethylene glycol-modified GNRs (PEG-GNRs), and it is difficult to ensure uniform thickness. It is important to encourage and broaden the use of the star member (PEG-GNRs) of gold nanoparticles family for clinical translation. Existing studies on PEG-GNRs are limited with no relevant systematic progression in non-human primates. Herein, we assessed the systematic biocompatibility of PEG-GNRs in rats and clinically relevant Macaca fascicularis. RESULTS In this small animal study, we administrated multiple doses of PEG-GNRs to rats and observed good biocompatibility. In the non-human primate study, PEG-GNRs had a longer blood half-life and produced a negligible immune response. Histological analysis revealed no significant abnormality. CONCLUSIONS PEG-GNRs were well-tolerated with good biocompatibility in both small animals and large non-human primates. The information gained from the comprehensive systemic toxicity assessment of PEG-GNRs in M. fascicularis will be helpful for translation to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Taorang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sirong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xueping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shuanglin Peng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Jingang Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Trouiller AJ, Béré E, Kalaani J, Evanno E, Fouchaq B, Roche J, Prestoz L, Napporn TW, Bertrand P. Biocompatible Spherical Gold Nanoparticles Synthesis in Aqueous Tetraethylene Oxide Solution and Their Cellular Uptake. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2019; 19:3744-3754. [PMID: 30764930 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Small well-defined spherical gold nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple non-physical method based on a mixture of gold salt, tetraethylene oxide and water, free of any additional reducing chemical agent or physical method. The ratio of tetraethylene oxide to water was optimized to achieve a fast synthesis within 30 min. Transmission electron microscopy images showed well dispersed gold nanospheres with a size ranging from 10 to 15 nm. XPS was used to confirm the oxidation state of gold nanoparticles and the oxidation products from tetraethylene oxide after the reaction. This new protocol performed in sustainable and biocompatible conditions is complementary to the current methods used to synthesize gold nanospheres. In order to use these particles in biological samples, we correlated the atomic absorption with the colorimetric concentration of nanospheres in solution. After 24 h of incubation of cancer or neuronal cell lines with these nanoparticles, transmission electron microscopy images showed similar cellular uptake in both cell lines, especially in cytoplasmic vesicular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Juliette Trouiller
- University of Poitiers, IC2MP UMR 7285 CNRS, 4 rue Michel Brunet B27, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Emile Béré
- INSERM U1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases Group, University of Poitiers, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Joanna Kalaani
- INSERM U1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases Group, University of Poitiers, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Emilie Evanno
- University of Poitiers, UFR/SFA, Pôle Biologie Santé, Bâtiment B36/37, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Benoit Fouchaq
- Eurofins-Cerep, Le Bois l'Evêque, 86600 Celle - L'Evescault, France
| | - Joëlle Roche
- University of Poitiers, UFR/SFA, Pôle Biologie Santé, Bâtiment B36/37, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Laetitia Prestoz
- INSERM U1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases Group, University of Poitiers, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Teko W Napporn
- University of Poitiers, IC2MP UMR 7285 CNRS, 4 rue Michel Brunet B27, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Philippe Bertrand
- University of Poitiers, IC2MP UMR 7285 CNRS, 4 rue Michel Brunet B27, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France
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Zhao Y, Guo Q, Dai X, Wei X, Yu Y, Chen X, Li C, Cao Z, Zhang X. A Biomimetic Non-Antibiotic Approach to Eradicate Drug-Resistant Infections. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1806024. [PMID: 30589118 PMCID: PMC6634980 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The chronic infections by pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) remain to be properly addressed. In particular, for drug-resistant strains, limited medication is available. An in vivo pneumonia model induced by a clinically isolated aminoglycoside resistant strain of P. aeruginosa is developed. Tobramycin clinically treating P. aeruginosa infections is found to be ineffective to inhibit or eliminate this drug-resistant strain. Here, a newly developed non-antibiotics based nanoformulation plus near-infrared (NIR) photothermal treatment shows a remarkable antibacterial efficacy in treating this drug-resistant pneumonia. The novel formulation contains 50-100 nm long nanorods decorated with two types of glycomimetic polymers to specifically block bacterial LecA and LecB lectins, respectively, which are essential for bacterial biofilm development. Such a 3D display of heteromultivalent glycomimetics on a large scale is inspired by the natural strengthening mechanism for the carbohydrate-lectin interaction that occurs when bacteria initially infects the host. This novel formulation shows the most efficient bacteria inhabitation and killing against P. aeruginosa infection, through lectin blocking and the near-infrared-light-induced photothermal effect of gold nanorods, respectively. Collectively, the novel biomimetic design combined with the photothermal killing capability is expected to be an alternative treatment strategy against the ever-threatening drug-resistant infectious diseases when known antibiotics have failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaomei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaosong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunjian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuelei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chaoxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Xinge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Menon PS, Said FA, Mei GS, Berhanuddin DD, Umar AA, Shaari S, Majlis BY. Urea and creatinine detection on nano-laminated gold thin film using Kretschmann-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201228. [PMID: 30052647 PMCID: PMC6063434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigates the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) response of 50-nm thick nano-laminated gold film using Kretschmann-based biosensing for detection of urea and creatinine in solution of various concentrations (non-enzymatic samples). Comparison was made with the presence of urease and creatininase enzymes in the urea and creatinine solutions (enzymatic samples), respectively. Angular interrogation technique was applied using optical wavelengths of 670 nm and 785 nm. The biosensor detects the presence of urea and creatinine at concentrations ranging from 50–800 mM for urea samples and 10–200 mM for creatinine samples. The purpose of studying the enzymatic sample was mainly to enhance the sensitivity of the sensor towards urea and creatinine in the samples. Upon exposure to 670 nm optical wavelength, the sensitivity of 1.4°/M was detected in non-enzymatic urea samples and 4°/M in non-enzymatic creatinine samples. On the other hand, sensor sensitivity as high as 16.2°/M in urea-urease samples and 10°/M in creatinine-creatininase samples was detected. The enhanced sensitivity possibly attributed to the increase in refractive index of analyte sensing layer due to urea-urease and creatinine-creatininase coupling activity. This work has successfully proved the design and demonstrated a proof-of-concept experiment using a low-cost and easy fabrication of Kretschmann based nano-laminated gold film SPR biosensor for detection of urea and creatinine using urease and creatininase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Susthitha Menon
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Fairus Atida Said
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gan Siew Mei
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dilla Duryha Berhanuddin
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Akrajas Ali Umar
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sahbudin Shaari
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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Heine J, Wurm CA, Keller-Findeisen J, Schönle A, Harke B, Reuss M, Winter FR, Donnert G. Three dimensional live-cell STED microscopy at increased depth using a water immersion objective. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:053701. [PMID: 29864829 DOI: 10.1063/1.5020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Modern fluorescence superresolution microscopes are capable of imaging living cells on the nanometer scale. One of those techniques is stimulated emission depletion (STED) which increases the microscope's resolution many times in the lateral and the axial directions. To achieve these high resolutions not only close to the coverslip but also at greater depths, the choice of objective becomes crucial. Oil immersion objectives have frequently been used for STED imaging since their high numerical aperture (NA) leads to high spatial resolutions. But during live-cell imaging, especially at great penetration depths, these objectives have a distinct disadvantage. The refractive index mismatch between the immersion oil and the usually aqueous embedding media of living specimens results in unwanted spherical aberrations. These aberrations distort the point spread functions (PSFs). Notably, during z- and 3D-STED imaging, the resolution increase along the optical axis is majorly hampered if at all possible. To overcome this limitation, we here use a water immersion objective in combination with a spatial light modulator for z-STED measurements of living samples at great depths. This compact design allows for switching between objectives without having to adapt the STED beam path and enables on the fly alterations of the STED PSF to correct for aberrations. Furthermore, we derive the influence of the NA on the axial STED resolution theoretically and experimentally. We show under live-cell imaging conditions that a water immersion objective leads to far superior results than an oil immersion objective at penetration depths of 5-180 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Heine
- Abberior Instruments GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian A Wurm
- Abberior Instruments GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Keller-Findeisen
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schönle
- Abberior Instruments GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Harke
- Abberior Instruments GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Reuss
- Abberior Instruments GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska R Winter
- Abberior Instruments GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Donnert
- Abberior Instruments GmbH, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Chin KB, Chi I, Pasalic J, Huang CK, Barge LM. An introductory study using impedance spectroscopy technique with polarizable microelectrode for amino acids characterization. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:045108. [PMID: 29716330 DOI: 10.1063/1.5020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Portable, low power, yet ultra-sensitive life detection instrumentations are vital to future astrobiology flight programs at NASA. In this study, initial attempts to characterize amino acids in an aqueous environment by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) using polarizable (blocking) electrodes in order to establish a means of detection via their electrical properties. Seven amino acids were chosen due to their scientific importance in demonstrating sensitivity levels in the range of part per billion concentration. Albeit more challenging in real systems of analyst mixtures, we found individual amino acids in aqueous environment do exhibit some degree of chemical and physical uniqueness to warrant characterization by EIS. The polar amino acids (Asp, Glu, and His) exhibited higher electrochemical activity than the non-polar amino acids (Ala, Gly, Val, and Leu). The non-polar amino acids (Gly and Ala) also exhibited unique electrical properties which appeared to be more dependent on physical characteristics such as molecular weight and structure. At concentrations above 1 mM where the amino acids play a more dominant transport role within the water, the conductivity was found to be more sensitive to concentrations. At lower concentrations <1 mM, however, the polar amino acid solution conductivity remained constant, suggesting poor chemical activity with water. As revealed by equivalent circuit modeling, the relaxation times showed a 1-2 order of magnitude difference between polar and non-polar amino acids. The pseudo-capacitance from EIS measurements on sample mixtures containing salt water and individual amino acids revealed the possibility for improvement in amino acid selectivity using gold nanoporous surface enhanced electrodes. This work establishes important methodologies for characterizing amino acids using EIS combined with microscale electrodes, supporting the case for instrumentation development for life detection and origin of life programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Chin
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - I Chi
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - J Pasalic
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - C-K Huang
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - Laura M Barge
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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Mestre ALG, Cerquido M, Inácio PMC, Asgarifar S, Lourenço AS, Cristiano MLS, Aguiar P, Medeiros MCR, Araújo IM, Ventura J, Gomes HL. Ultrasensitive gold micro-structured electrodes enabling the detection of extra-cellular long-lasting potentials in astrocytes populations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14284. [PMID: 29079771 PMCID: PMC5660243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-sensitive electrodes for extracellular recordings were fabricated and electrically characterized. A signal detection limit defined by a noise level of 0.3-0.4 μV for a bandwidth of 12.5 Hz was achieved. To obtain this high sensitivity, large area (4 mm2) electrodes were used. The electrode surface is also micro-structured with an array of gold mushroom-like shapes to further enhance the active area. In comparison with a flat gold surface, the micro-structured surface increases the capacitance of the electrode/electrolyte interface by 54%. The electrode low impedance and low noise enable the detection of weak and low frequency quasi-periodic signals produced by astrocytes populations that thus far had remained inaccessible using conventional extracellular electrodes. Signals with 5 μV in amplitude and lasting for 5-10 s were measured, with a peak-to-peak signal-to-noise ratio of 16. The electrodes and the methodology developed here can be used as an ultrasensitive electrophysiological tool to reveal the synchronization dynamics of ultra-slow ionic signalling between non-electrogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L G Mestre
- Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica Cerquido
- Instituto de Física dos Materiais da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Nanociências e Nanotecnologia, Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro M C Inácio
- Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sanaz Asgarifar
- Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana S Lourenço
- Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Biomedicina, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria L S Cristiano
- Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Aguiar
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria C R Medeiros
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Departamento de Engenharia Electrotécnica e Computadores, Universidade de Coimbra, 3030-290, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês M Araújo
- Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Biomedicina, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - João Ventura
- Instituto de Física dos Materiais da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Nanociências e Nanotecnologia, Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique L Gomes
- Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
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14
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Drescher D, Traub H, Büchner T, Jakubowski N, Kneipp J. Properties of in situ generated gold nanoparticles in the cellular context. Nanoscale 2017; 9:11647-11656. [PMID: 28770918 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04620k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanostructures that serve as probes for nanospectroscopic analysis of eukaryotic cell cultures can be obtained by the in situ reduction of tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4). To understand the formation process of such intracellularly grown particles depending on the incubation medium, the reaction was carried out with 3T3 fibroblast cells in three different incubation media, phosphate buffer, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), and standard cell culture medium (DMEM with fetal calf serum). The size, the optical properties, the biomolecular corona, and the localization of the gold nanoparticles formed in situ vary for the different conditions. The combination of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) microscopic mapping and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides complementary perspectives on plasmonic nanoparticles and non-plasmonic gold compounds inside the cells. While for the incubation with HAuCl4 in PBS, gold particles provide optical signals from the nucleus, the incubation in standard cell culture medium leads to scavenging of the toxic molecules and the formation of spots of high gold concentration in the cytoplasm without formation of SERS-active particles inside the cells. The biomolecular corona of nanoparticles formed in situ after incubation in buffer and DMEM differs, suggesting that different intracellular molecular species serve for reduction and stabilization. Comparison with data obtained from ready-made gold nanoparticles suggests complementary application of in situ and ex situ generated nanostructures for optical probing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Drescher
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany. and Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Traub
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Büchner
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - N Jakubowski
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Kneipp
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany. and Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Ma H, Xu J, Jin J, Huang Y, Liu Y. A Simple Marker-Assisted 3D Nanometer Drift Correction Method for Superresolution Microscopy. Biophys J 2017; 112:2196-2208. [PMID: 28538156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-precision fluorescence microscopy such as superresolution imaging or single-particle tracking often requires an online drift correction method to maintain the stability of the three-dimensional (3D) position of the sample at a nanometer precision throughout the entire data acquisition process. Current online drift correction methods require modification of the existing two-dimensional (2D) fluorescence microscope with additional optics and detectors, which can be cumbersome and limit its use in many biological laboratories. Here we report a simple marker-assisted online drift correction method in which all 3D positions can be derived from fiducial markers on the coverslip of the sample on a standard 2D fluorescence microscope without additional optical components. We validate this method by tracking the long-term 3D stability of single-molecule localization microscopy at a precision of <2 and 5 nm in the lateral and axial dimension, respectively. We then provide three examples to evaluate the performance of the marker-assisted drift correction method. Finally, we give an example of a biological application of superresolution imaging of spatiotemporal alteration for a DNA replication structure with both low-abundance newly synthesized DNAs at the early onset of DNA synthesis and gradually condensed DNA structures during DNA replication. Using an isogenic breast cancer progression cell line model that recapitulates normal-like, precancerous, and tumorigenic stages, we characterize a distinction in the DNA replication process in normal, precancerous, and tumorigenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Ma
- Biomedical and Optical Imaging Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jianquan Xu
- Biomedical and Optical Imaging Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jingyi Jin
- Biomedical and Optical Imaging Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yang Liu
- Biomedical and Optical Imaging Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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16
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Naveenraj S, Mangalaraja RV, Wu JJ, Asiri AM, Anandan S. Gold Triangular Nanoprisms and Nanodecahedra: Synthesis and Interaction Studies with Luminol toward Biosensor Applications. Langmuir 2016; 32:11854-11860. [PMID: 27775363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gold triangular nanoprisms and nanodecahedra (pentagonal bipyramids) were synthesized in the absence and presence of nanoseeds by a simple solvothermal synthesis through the reduction of Auric Chloride (HAuCl4) with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), respectively. These gold nanoparticles exhibit two plasmon resonance bands. The interaction of these gold nanoparticles with luminol was investigated using UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy since hefty number of environmental and biological sensors are based on the combination of luminol and gold nanoparticles. The gold nanoparticles quenches the fluorescence of luminol through a static quenching mechanism, i.e., ground state complex formation, which was confirmed by both absorption spectroscopy as well as time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The Stern-Volmer quenching constant and the effective quenching constant determine that gold nanodecahedra has more interaction with luminol than that of triangular gold nanoprisms. The distance between the gold nanoparticles and luminol, calculated using FRET theory, is less than 8 nm, which indicates efficient energy transfer during interaction. These results are expected to be useful for the development of novel sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Naveenraj
- Nanomaterials & Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology , Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
- Advanced Ceramics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, University of Concepcion , Concepcion, Chile
| | | | - Jerry J Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University , Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- The Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sambandam Anandan
- Nanomaterials & Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology , Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
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17
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Qi D, Liu Z, Yu M, Liu Y, Tang Y, Lv J, Li Y, Wei J, Liedberg B, Yu Z, Chen X. Highly stretchable gold nanobelts with sinusoidal structures for recording electrocorticograms. Adv Mater 2015; 27:3145-3151. [PMID: 25865755 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rationally designed sinusoidal gold nanobelts are fabricated as stretchable electrodes, and they do not show obvious change of resistance under large deformation after 10,000 cyclic stretching/relaxing processes. As a proof of concept, they are successfully used to record intracranial electroencephalogram or electrocorticogram signals from rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianpeng Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Biomedical Microdevices Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Mei Yu
- Biomedical Microdevices Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuxin Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Junhui Lv
- Biomedical Microdevices Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yuchun Li
- Biomedical Microdevices Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wei
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, 638075, Singapore
| | - Bo Liedberg
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhe Yu
- Biomedical Microdevices Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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18
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Deng J, Yu P, Wang Y, Yang L, Mao L. Visualization and quantification of neurochemicals with gold nanoparticles: opportunities and challenges. Adv Mater 2014; 26:6933-6943. [PMID: 24639384 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticle (Au-NP)-based colorimetric assays offer new opportunitites for the visualization and quantification of neurochemicals involved in physiological and pathological processes due to their high sensitivity, designability, and low technical demands. In this Research News, we systematically review the advances on the development of Au-NP-based colorimetric methods for visualization and quantification of neurochemicals and their potential applications for effectively monitoring neurochemicals in the central nervous system. By integration of the favourable surface chemistry with the high extinction coefficient of Au-NPs, some new principles and methods could be developed for the quantification of neurochemicals involved in brain functions. New strategies to design the surface chemistry of Au-NPs, along with the key challenges yet to be addressed to achieve online visualization and quantification of neurochemicals in the central nervous system, are illustrated and discussed. The questions opened here should inspire future investigations and lead to discoveries that continue the development of the effective analytical protocols based on Au-NPs for neurochemical visualization and quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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19
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Kalies S, Heinemann D, Schomaker M, Murua Escobar H, Heisterkamp A, Ripken T, Meyer H. Plasmonic laser treatment for Morpholino oligomer delivery in antisense applications. J Biophotonics 2014; 7:825-33. [PMID: 23740874 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Several cell transfection techniques have been developed in the last decades for specific applications and for various types of molecules. In this context, laser based approaches are of great interest due to their minimal invasiveness and spatial selectivity. In particular, laser induced plasmon based delivery of exogenous molecules into cells can have great impact on future applications. This approach allows high-throughput laser transfection by excitation of plasmon resonances at gold nanoparticles non-specifically attached to the cell membrane. In this study, we demonstrate specific gene-knockdown by transfection of Morpholino oligos using this technique with optimized particle size. Furthermore, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of plasmonic laser treatment by various assays, including LDH activity and ROS formation. In summary, this study gives important insights into this new approach and clearly demonstrates its relevance for possible biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kalies
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover, Germany.
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20
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Tayyab M, Bagchi S, Ramakrishna B, Mandal T, Upadhyay A, Ramis R, Chakera JA, Naik PA, Gupta PD. Role of target material in proton acceleration from thin foils irradiated by ultrashort laser pulses. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 90:023103. [PMID: 25215835 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.023103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the proton acceleration studies from thin metallic foils of varying atomic number (Z) and thicknesses, investigated using a 45 fs, 10 TW Ti:sapphire laser system. An optimum foil thickness was observed for efficient proton acceleration for our laser conditions, dictated by the laser ASE prepulse and hot electron propagation behavior inside the material. The hydrodynamic simulations for ASE prepulse support the experimental observation. The observed maximum proton energy at different thicknesses for a given element is in good agreement with the reported scaling laws. The results with foils of different atomic number Z suggest that a judicious choice of the foil material can enhance the proton acceleration efficiency, resulting into higher proton energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tayyab
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - S Bagchi
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - B Ramakrishna
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - T Mandal
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - A Upadhyay
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - R Ramis
- E.T.S.I. Aeronáuticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Chakera
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - P A Naik
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
| | - P D Gupta
- Laser Plasma Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India
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Kulchin YN, Vitrik OB, Kuchmizhak AA, Emel'yanov VI, Ionin AA, Kudryashov SI, Makarov SV. Formation of crownlike and related nanostructures on thin supported gold films irradiated by single diffraction-limited nanosecond laser pulses. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 90:023017. [PMID: 25215830 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.023017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A type of laser-induced surface relief nanostructure-the nanocrown-on thin metallic films was studied both experimentally and theoretically. The nanocrowns, representing a thin corrugated rim of resolidified melt and resembling well-known impact-induced water-crown splashes, were produced by single diffraction-limited nanosecond laser pulses on thin gold films of variable thickness on low-melting copper and high-melting tungsten substrates, providing different transient melting and adhesion conditions for these films. The proposed model of the nanocrown formation, based on a hydrodynamical (thermocapillary Marangoni) surface instability and described by a Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation, envisions key steps of the nanocrown appearance and gives qualitative predictions of the acquired nanocrown parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu N Kulchin
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia and Far-Eastern Federal University, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - O B Vitrik
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia and Far-Eastern Federal University, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - A A Kuchmizhak
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | | | - A A Ionin
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - S I Kudryashov
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia and National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Makarov
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Chen M, Bi S, Jia X, He P. Aptamer-conjugated bio-bar-code Au-Fe3O4 nanoparticles as amplification station for electrochemiluminescence detection of tumor cells. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 837:44-51. [PMID: 25000857 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay has been developed for highly sensitive and selective detection of tumor cells based on cell-SELEX aptamer-target cell interactions through a cascaded amplification process by using bio-bar-code Au-Fe3O4 as amplification station. Firstly, bio-bar-code toehold-aptamer/DNA primer/Au-Fe3O4 (TA/DP/Au-Fe3O4) nanoconjugates are fabricated with a ratio of 1:10 to efficiently avoid cross-linking reaction and recognize target cells, which are immobilized on the substrate by hybridizing aptamer to capture probe with 18-mer. Through strand displacement reaction (SDR), the TA/DP/Au-Fe3O4 composites further act as the amplification station to initiate rolling circle amplification (RCA). As a result, on the surface of TA/DP/Au-Fe3O4, a large number of Ru(bpy)2(dcbpy)NHS-labeled probes hybridize to RCA products, which are easily trapped by magnetic electrode to perform the magnetic particle-based ECL platform. Under isothermal conditions, this powerful amplification strategy permits detection of Ramos cells as low as 16 cells with an excellent selectivity. Moreover, analysis of Ramos cells in complex samples and whole blood samples further show the great potential of this ultrasensitive approach in clinical application involving cancer cells-related biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Sai Bi
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textiles, the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber Materials and Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Peng He
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
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Liu Q, Tang J, Zhang Y, Martinez A, Wang S, He S, White TJ, Smalyukh II. Shape-dependent dispersion and alignment of nonaggregating plasmonic gold nanoparticles in lyotropic and thermotropic liquid crystals. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 89:052505. [PMID: 25353813 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.052505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We use both lyotropic liquid crystals composed of prolate micelles and thermotropic liquid crystals made of rod-like molecules to uniformly disperse and unidirectionally align relatively large gold nanorods and other complex-shaped nanoparticles at high concentrations. We show that some of these ensuing self-assembled orientationally ordered soft matter systems exhibit polarization-dependent plasmonic properties with strongly pronounced molar extinction exceeding that previously achieved in self-assembled composites. The long-range unidirectional alignment of gold nanorods is mediated mainly by anisotropic surface anchoring interactions at the surfaces of gold nanoparticles. Polarization-sensitive absorption, scattering, and extinction are used to characterize orientations of nanorods and other nanoparticles. The experimentally measured unique optical properties of these composites, which stem from the collective plasmonic effect of the gold nanorods with long-range order in a liquid crystal matrix, are reproduced in computer simulations. A simple phenomenological model based on anisotropic surface interaction explains the alignment of gold nanorods dispersed in liquid crystals and the physical underpinnings behind our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jianwei Tang
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Angel Martinez
- Department of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Sailing He
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Timothy J White
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, WPAFB, OH, USA
| | - Ivan I Smalyukh
- Department of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering and Liquid Crystals Materials Research Center, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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24
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Gandra N, Portz C, Singamaneni S. Multifunctional plasmonic nanorattles for spectrum-guided locoregional therapy. Adv Mater 2014; 26:424-429. [PMID: 24151211 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201302803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Locoregional death of cancer cells (in vitro) is induced by ablation of plasmonic nanorattles combined with triggered release of a chemotherapeutic drug from the nanorattles. Completion of the therapy process is indicated by a "Raman signal flip" between the two reporters of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probe. The nanorattles enable targeted delivery of payload and simultaneous monitoring of the payload release and the therapy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Gandra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, 318 Jolley Hall, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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Kupriashina MA, Vetchinkina EP, Burov AM, Ponomareva EG, Nikitina VE. [Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by Azospirillum brasilense]. Mikrobiologiia 2014; 83:41-48. [PMID: 25423733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant-associated nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria Azospirillum brasilense were shown to reduce the gold of chloroauric acid to elemental gold, resulting in formation of gold nanoparicles. Extracellular phenoloxidizing enzymes (laccases and Mn peroxidases) were shown to participate in reduction of Au+3 (HAuCl4) to Au(0). Transmission electron microscopy revealed accumulation of colloidal gold nanoparticles of diverse shape in the culture liquid of A. brasilense strains Sp245 and Sp7. The size of the electron-dense nanospheres was 5 to 50 nm, and the size of nanoprisms varied from 5 to 300 nm. The tentative mechanism responsible for formation of gold nanoparticles is discussed.
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Im J, Sengupta SK, Whitten JE. Photometer for monitoring the thickness of inkjet printed films for organic electronic and sensor applications. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:034103. [PMID: 20370198 DOI: 10.1063/1.3368638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Inkjet printed organic thin films are being used for a variety of electronic and sensor applications with advantages that include ease of fabrication and reproducibility. Construction and use of a low-cost photometer based on a light-emitting diode (LED) light source and a photodiode detector are described. The photometer attaches to the exit of the printer with the transparent substrate onto which the film is printed passing between the LED and photodiode. By measuring the output voltage of the detector, the transmittance and absorbance of the inkjet printed film can be calculated in real-time. Since absorbance is linearly proportional to thickness in the Beer-Lambert regime, the thickness of the film may be monitored and controlled by varying the number of passes through the printer. Use of the photometer is demonstrated for inkjet printed films of monolayer-protected colloidal gold nanoparticles that function as chemical vapor sensors. The photometer may find applications in both research and quality control related to the manufacture of organic electronic devices and sensors and enables "feedback-controlled" inkjet printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Im
- Department of Chemistry and Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing, The University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
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Prevo BG, Esakoff SA, Mikhailovsky A, Zasadzinski JA. Scalable routes to gold nanoshells with tunable sizes and response to near-infrared pulsed-laser irradiation. Small 2008; 4:1183-95. [PMID: 18623295 PMCID: PMC2692070 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200701290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A simplified synthesis of hollow gold nanoshells 20-50 nm in diameter via the well-established templated galvanic replacement reaction of silver for gold is presented. The surface plasmon resonance absorbance of the nanoshells is tuned using basic colloid chemistry to control the size of the silver templates. The gold nanoshells have an aqueous core and are varied in size and shell thickness depending on the silver/gold reagent ratios. The template replacement chemistry is rapid, highly scalable, uses minimal amounts of toxic reagents, and in many cases is a true one-pot synthesis. The smallest nanoshells (20-nm diameter, 7-nm wall thickness) reach the highest temperature on irradiation with femtosecond light pulses in the near infrared and anneal to form spherical nanoparticles fastest, even though their plasmon resonance does not overlap as well as the larger nanoshells (50-nm diameter, 7-nm wall thickness) with 800-nm wavelength excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Prevo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5080, USA
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31
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Accelerated silicosis has become uncommon in developed countries, whereas serious health threat still exists in small-scale mining in developing countries. This study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of accelerated silicosis among Chinese gold miners. METHODS A cross-sectional medical examination was conducted among 574 Chinese gold miners. All participants were male rock-drillers. The concentrations of total dust and quartz content were obtained from the government documentations. Descriptive data analyses were performed. RESULTS The prevalence of accelerated silicosis was 29.1% (95% CI: 24.8-33.4%, 167 cases) after an average of 5.6 years of dust exposure, and a history of tuberculosis seemed to increase the risk. The concentration of respirable silica dust was estimated to be 89.5 mg/m(3) (ranged: 70.2-108.8) in the underground goldmine, far exceeding the permissible exposure limits. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates a serious health threat to small-scale goldmine in China and indicates an urgent need for environmental control and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lap Ah Tse
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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32
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Stauffer E, Becue A, Singh KV, Thampi KR, Champod C, Margot P. Single-metal deposition (SMD) as a latent fingermark enhancement technique: An alternative to multimetal deposition (MMD). Forensic Sci Int 2007; 168:e5-9. [PMID: 17275233 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes an alternative solution to multimetal deposition (MMD) for the development of latent fingermarks on non-porous and porous surfaces. MMD offers a good sensitivity, however it is very time-consuming and requires many reagents to be carried out. Single-metal deposition (SMD) replaces the silver enhancement of the gold colloids by a gold enhancement procedure. This reduces the number of baths by one as well as the number of reagents and their cost, utilizes reagents with a longer shelf life, and most importantly reduces the labor-intensity of the procedure. It offers quasi-identical results to MMD and thus makes a very attractive alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Stauffer
- Institut de Police Scientifique, School of Criminal Sciences, University of Lausanne, Batochime, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Schlörmann W, John M, Steiniger F, Westermann M, Richter W. Improved antigen retrieval in freeze-fracture cytochemistry by evaporation of carbon as first replication layer. Histochem Cell Biol 2007; 127:633-9. [PMID: 17415584 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-007-0283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The recently developed freeze-fracture replica immunolabeling technique uses sodium dodecyl sulfate to clean replicas obtained from chemically unfixed, rapidly frozen cells by evaporation of platinum as first and carbon as second replication layer. The detergent dissolves remains of cellular material with the exception of components which are in direct contact to the replica film. Membrane lipids and membrane protein complexes of the protoplasmic and the exoplasmic membrane halves remain attached to the replica film and are accessible for cytochemical localization. We immunolabeled the membrane proteins caveolin-1 and connexin 43 in mouse cell lines as well as the membrane attached protein tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase (PceA) in bacterial cells at freeze-fracture replicas generated by different evaporation parameters. The labeling experiments for caveolin-1 and the PceA showed that freeze-fracture replication of cellular membranes accomplished with thin platinum layers as well as replication with carbon as first evaporation layer lead in these cases to an improved antigen retrieval, whereas the labeling efficiency of connexin 43 was not affected by different evaporation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Schlörmann
- Elektronenmikroskopisches Zentrum, Klinikum der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, D-07743, Jena, Germany
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Abstract
Toluidine blue and gold chloride stains are both well-known for staining nervous tissue. Toluidine blue is a general method to stain neurons and glia, used because of the speed of action. Gold sublimate is a delicate procedure that requires extreme purity of reagents and materials, and it stains astrocytes and neurons. The aim of this study was to combine these two special staining methods for embryonic neural tissue and to obtain a repeatable and easily manageable new staining method with improved overall visualization of neural tissue. Fertilized Broiler hatching eggs were incubated at 36 degrees C and on day 8 prepared for histology. Sections were cut at 7 microm thickness and slides were stained for 30 s using a 0.1% Toluidine blue solution. These slides were rinsed with dH2O followed by placing them in gold sublimate for 4 h at room temperature in the dark. Rinsing with dH2O and transferal to a 5% sodium thiosulfate solution was done, followed by another rinsing and mounting of slides. Results showed that the combination of the two methods offers a fast, reliable method with which chick embryonic neural tissue can be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Smit
- Department of Anatomy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Aydoğ ST, Korkusuz P, Doral MN, Tetik O, Demirel HA. Decrease in the numbers of mechanoreceptors in rabbit ACL: the effects of ageing. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2006; 14:325-9. [PMID: 16133439 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-005-0673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 03/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
It is proposed that there is a positive correlation between the numbers of mechanoreceptors and proprioceptive function. On the other hand, normal aging process is associated with deficits in proprioception. This study is designed to test the hypothesis that aging resulted in decreased numbers of mechanoreceptors. Anterior cruciate ligaments of 14 male rabbits (2 months, n=5; 12 months, n=4 and 60 months, n=5) were extracted and the total numbers of Ruffini, Pacini and Golgi tendon-like receptors were accounted. As a result, the numbers of mechanoreceptors, especially Ruffini receptors, decreased with aging (p<0.05). Increased age was associated with changes in the morphology of mechanoreceptors. In conclusion, aging results in both diminished numbers and changed morphology of mechanoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Tolga Aydoğ
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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Abstract
The usefulness of a trivalent gold salt, gold trichloride (GTC), was evaluated as a marker of contact allergy to gold. Patients patch test-positive or patch test-negative to gold sodium thiosulfate (GSTS), 13 subjects of each, were patch tested with dilution series of GTC and equimolar concentrations of GSTS. In order to avoid false-positive and false-negative test reactions, the salts were buffered and placed on polypropene chambers. Allergic reactions were registered in 9/13 gold-allergic patients with GSTS and in 2/13 with GTC. The sum of positive reactions was 18 with GSTS and 5 with GTC. Irritant reactions were none with GSTS and 2 with GTC in the gold-allergic patients. It is concluded that GTC can elicit positive patch test reactions in patients with gold allergy but to a lesser degree when compared with GSTS. Thus, GTC cannot be recommended in patch testing, and GSTS is still the test agent of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halvor Möller
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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Beck JL, Ambahera S, Yong SR, Sheil MM, de Jersey J, Ralph SF. Direct observation of covalent adducts with Cys34 of human serum albumin using mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2005; 325:326-36. [PMID: 14751268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2003.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of the unpaired thiol residue (Cys34) of human serum albumin (HSA) with low-molecular-weight thiols and an Au(I)-based antiarthritic drug have been examined using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Early measurements of the amount of HSA containing Cys34 as the free thiol suggested that up to 30% of circulating HSA bound cysteine as a mixed disulfide. It has also been suggested that reaction of HSA with cysteine, occurs only on handling and storage of plasma. In our experiments, there were three components of HSA in freshly collected plasma from normal volunteers, HSA, HSA+cysteine, and HSA+glucose in the ratio approximately 50:25:25. We addressed this controversy by using iodoacetamide to block the free thiol of HSA in fresh plasma, preventing its reaction with plasma cysteine. When iodoacetamide was injected into a vacutaner tube as blood was collected, the HSA was modified by iodoacetamide, with 20-30% present as the mixed disulfide with cysteine (HSA+cys). These data provide strong evidence that 20-30% of HSA in normal plasma contains one bound cysteine. Reaction of HSA with [Au(S(2)O(3))(2)](3-) resulted in formation of the adducts HSA+Au(S(2)O(3)) and HSA+Au. Reaction of HSA with iodoacetamide prior to treatment with [Au(S(2)O(3))(2)](3-) blocked the formation of gold adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Beck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia.
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Abstract
The NAD(P)H-mediated growth of Au nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of ascorbic acid, AuCl4-, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide leads to the formation of shaped NP structures consisting of dipods, tripods, and tetrapods. The shaped particles exhibit a red-shifted plasmon absorbance at lambda = 680 nm, consistent with the existence of a longitudinal plasmon exciton. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis of the tripod and tetrapod structures reveals directional growth along the <211> and <010> directions, respectively. The shaped Au NPs could be generated by a biocatalytic process using alcohol dehydrogenase, NAD+, and ethanol, and the resulting blue color provides a colorimetric test for ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Institute of Chemistry and The Unit for Nanoscopic Characterization, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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Wold HL, Wake K, Higashi N, Wang D, Kojima N, Imai K, Blomhoff R, Senoo H. Vitamin A distribution and content in tissues of the lamprey,Lampetra japonica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 276:134-42. [PMID: 14752852 DOI: 10.1002/ar.a.10345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A (retinol and retinyl ester) distribution and content in tissues of a lamprey (Lampetra japonica) were analyzed by morphological methods, namely, gold chloride staining, fluorescence microscopy to detect specific vitamin A autofluorescence, and electron microscopy, as well as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hepatic stellate cells showed an abundance of vitamin A stored in lipid droplets in their cytoplasm. Similar cells storing vitamin A were present in the intestine, kidney, gill, and heart in both female and male lampreys. Morphological data obtained by gold chloride staining method, fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and HPLC quantification of retinol were consistent. The highest level of total retinol measured by HPLC was found in the intestine. The second and third highest concentrations of vitamin A were found in the liver and the kidney, respectively. These vitamin A-storing cells were not epithelial cells, but mesoderm-derived cells. We propose as a hypothesis that these cells belong to the stellate cell system (family) that stores vitamin A and regulates homeostasis of the vitamin in the whole body in the lamprey. Fibroblastic cells in the skin and somatic muscle stored little vitamin A. These results indicate that there is difference in the vitamin A-storing capacity between the splanchnic and intermediate mesoderm-derived cells (stellate cells) and somatic and dorsal mesoderm-derived cells (fibroblasts) in the lamprey. Stellate cells derived from the splanchnic and intermediate mesoderm have high capacity and fibroblasts derived from the somatic and dorsal mesoderm have low capacity for the storage of vitamin A in the lamprey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L Wold
- Institute for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Rudolph D, Neuhuber S, Kranz C, Taillefert M, Mizaikoff B. Scanning electrochemical microscopy imaging of rhodochrosite dissolution using gold amalgam microelectrodes. Analyst 2004; 129:443-8. [PMID: 15116238 DOI: 10.1039/b400051j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold/mercury amalgam (Au/Hg) microelectrodes with a diameter of 25 microm were developed for the detection of environmentally relevant analytes such as manganese and iron by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), and applied to investigate the controlled dissolution of manganese carbonate (MnCO(3); rhodochrosite) in acidic conditions. Characterization of the amalgam electrode geometry via approach curves recorded during SECM experiments revealed Au/Hg microelectrodes with sphere cap geometry. Quantitative determination of Mn(2+) has been achieved by calibration of the Au/Hg microelectrode in bulk solution experiments. Subsequent SECM imaging experiments confirm the applicability of amalgam microelectrodes for imaging of Mn(2+) production during dissolution of MnCO(3) at pH 3.9. This study confirms feasibility and provides the fundamental basis of SECM imaging with amalgam microelectrodes to address biogeochemically relevant questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Rudolph
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA
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Cheutin T, O'Donohue MF, Beorchia A, Klein C, Kaplan H, Ploton D. Three-dimensional organization of pKi-67: a comparative fluorescence and electron tomography study using FluoroNanogold. J Histochem Cytochem 2003; 51:1411-23. [PMID: 14566014 PMCID: PMC3957551 DOI: 10.1177/002215540305101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The monoclonal antibody (MAb) Ki-67 is routinely used in clinical studies to estimate the growth fraction of tumors. However, the role of pKi-67, the protein detected by the Ki-67 MAb, remains elusive, although some biochemical data strongly suggest that it might organize chromatin. To better understand the functional organization of pKi-67, we studied its three-dimensional distribution in interphase cells by confocal microscopy and electron tomography. FluoroNanogold, a single probe combining a dense marker with a fluorescent dye, was used to investigate pKi-67 organization at the optical and ultrastructural levels. Observation by confocal microscopy followed by 3D reconstruction showed that pKi-67 forms a shell around the nucleoli. Double labeling experiments revealed that pKi-67 co-localizes with perinucleolar heterochromatin. Electron microscopy studies confirmed this close association and demonstrated that pKi-67 is located neither in the fibrillar nor in the granular components of the nucleolus. Finally, spatial analyses by electron tomography showed that pKi-67 forms cords 250-300 nm in diameter, which are themselves composed of 30-50-nm-thick fibers. These detailed comparative in situ analyses strongly suggest the involvement of pKi-67 in the higher-order organization of perinucleolar chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christophe Klein
- Reims, France; Service Commun d'Imagerie Cellulaire et de Cytométrie, INSERM IFR58, Institut Biomédical des Cordeliers, Paris, France (CK)
| | | | - Dominique Ploton
- Unité MéDian, CNRS UMR 6142, UFR de Pharmacie (TC,M-FO,DP)
- Correspondence to: Dominique Ploton, Unité MéDian, CNRS UMR 6142, UFR de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims Cedex, France. E-mail:
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Swiatko J, De Forest PR, Zedeck MS. Further studies on spot tests and microcrystal tests for identification of cocaine. J Forensic Sci 2003; 48:581-5. [PMID: 12762528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The presence of cocaine in illicit drug samples is still being determined in some laboratories using spot tests and microcrystal tests. Seventeen chemical species were tested using three different spot tests (Wagner, Marquis, and cobalt thiocyanate followed by stannous chloride reactions) and two microcrystal tests (gold chloride and platinic chloride) to determine whether the results could be differentiated from the results of these tests on cocaine. The data obtained indicated that nine of the 17 compounds gave results similar to those from cocaine using the three spot tests, but that the results from microcrystal testing allowed for differentiation of all nine compounds from cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Swiatko
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, 445 West 59th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA
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Abstract
In this report we investigated the activity of vertebrate nuclear transport factors in a primitive organism, Amoeba proteus, to better understand evolutionary changes in the transport mechanisms of organisms expected to have different requirements for nucleocytoplasmic exchange. It was initially determined that FxFG-containing nucleoporins and Ran, both of which are essential for nuclear import in vertebrates, as well as yeast, are also present and functional in amoebae. This suggests that there are fundamental similarities in the transport process; however, there are also significant differences. Transport substrates containing either the hnRNP A1 M9 shuttling signal (a GST/GFP/M9 fusion protein) or the classical bipartite NLS (colloidal gold coated with BSA-bipartite NLS conjugates), both of which are effectively transported in vertebrate cells, are excluded from the nucleus when microinjected into amoebae. However, when these substrates are injected along with transportin or importin α/β, respectively, the vertebrate receptors for these signals, they readily accumulate in the nucleoplasm. These results indicate that although the molecular recognition of substrates is not well conserved between vertebrates and amoebae, vertebrate transport receptors are functional in A. proteus, showing that the translocation machinery is highly conserved. Since selected nuclear import pathways can be investigated in the absence of competing endogenous transport, A. proteus might provide a useful in vivo system for investigating specific molecular interactions involved in trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Feldherr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, USA.
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Tubbs R, Skacel M, Pettay J, Powell R, Myles J, Hicks D, Sreenan J, Roche P, Stoler MH, Hainfeld J. Interobserver interpretative reproducibility of GOLDFISH, a first generation gold-facilitated autometallographic bright field in situ hybridization assay for HER-2/neu amplification in invasive mammary carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2002; 26:908-13. [PMID: 12131158 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200207000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinical laboratory testing for HER-2/neu gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization is not widely used in diagnostic pathology laboratories. A bright field alternative permitting direct visualization of gene amplification using conventional microscopy may be more readily incorporated into routine diagnostic pathology practice. Interobserver reproducibility represents an important component of the validation of such an assay. We tested the hypothesis that a first-generation bright field alternative to fluorescence in situ hybridization, a Nanogold (Nanoprobes, Inc, Yaphank, NY, USA) (or gold-label)/autometallographic assay for HER-2/neu gene amplification in breast carcinoma, can be reproducibly interpreted by pathologists. Reference standard was direct fluorescence in situ hybridization supplemented by RNA/RNA in situ hybridization. Reproducibility of selected conventional histologic parameters was captured based on a hematoxylin and eosin slide accompanying the GOLDFISH preparation (gold-facilitated autometallographic in situ hybridization) as an indication of comparative reproducibility. The average kappa among GOLDFISH observers was 0.84, which was at least or concordant of observers scoring nuclear grade (kappa = 0.50) and the presence of in situ carcinoma (kappa = 0.57) by conventional histopathology. The GOLDFISH assay was specifically designed for qualitative interpretation, thus obviating the need for oil immersion microscopy and signal enumeration, and its interpretation was highly reproducible among five pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Tubbs
- Department Clinical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195-5131, USA.
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN The posterior ligament of the human sacroiliac joint was examined for nerves and nerve endings using histologic and immunohistochemical techniques. OBJECTIVE To identify nerve fibers and mechanoreceptors in the posterior ligament. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA According to the findings of previous studies, the human sacroiliac joint receives myelinated and unmyelinated axons that presumably conduct pain and proprioceptive impulses derived from mechanoreceptors and free nerve endings in the human sacroiliac joint. METHODS Tissue obtained from six patients was stained with gold chloride and that obtained from six additional patients was stained using antibodies specific for substance P and protein gene product 9.5. RESULTS The staining of joint tissue using the gold chloride technique showed myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers, two morphotypes of paciniform encapsulated mechanoreceptors, and a single nonpaciniform mechanoreceptor. Analysis using immunohistochemical staining for protein gene product 9.5 did not unequivocally show axons, nerve fascicles, or mechanoreceptors. Similarly, analysis based on immunohistochemical staining for substance P, one of several neurotransmitters known to signal pain from the periphery, showed reactive elements that may have been nerves, but because of background staining, could not be positively identified as such. CONCLUSIONS The presence of nerve fibers and mechanoreceptors in the sacroiliac ligament demonstrates that the central nervous system receives information, certainly proprioceptive, and possibly pain from the sacroiliac joint. Although it is not known how the central nervous system uses such information, it seems reasonable to speculate that the proprioceptive information is used to optimize upper body balance at this joint. In addition, because the staining techniques used generally to show nerves and nerve elements in periarticular connective tissue are nonspecific, the distinction between neural and nonneural should be made on the basis of both morphologic and staining characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Vilensky
- Departments of Anatomy and Microbiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, Indiana.
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Segond von Banchet G, Pastor A, Biskup C, Schlegel C, Benndorf K, Schaible HG. Localization of functional calcitonin gene-related peptide binding sites in a subpopulation of cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neuroscience 2002; 110:131-45. [PMID: 11882378 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated whether cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons from the adult rat express binding sites for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). These were identified on fixed cells by using CGRP labeled at the N-terminal site with 1.4-nm gold particles. After 1 day in culture, about 20% of small to medium-sized DRG neurons showed CGRP-gold binding. Binding of CGRP-gold was dose-dependently reduced by coadministration of CGRP. The calcium imaging technique in living cells revealed that the bath administration of CGRP evoked an increase of the intracellular calcium in up to 30% of the DRG neurons tested. Both depletion of intracellular calcium stores by thapsigargin or using a calcium-free medium blocked the CGRP-mediated increase of cytosolic calcium in most neurons. Thus intracellular and extracellular sources of calcium are relevant for the CGRP response. Using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, about 30% of the neurons were found to exhibit an inward current and a depolarization upon administration of CGRP close to the neurons. Immunocytochemical double-labeling techniques showed that most of the CGRP-gold binding sites were expressed in unmyelinated (neurofilament 200-negative) DRG neurons. Most of the neurons with CGRP-gold binding sites also expressed the tyrosine kinase A receptor, and all of them showed CGRP-like immunoreactivity. This study shows, therefore, that a subpopulation of unmyelinated, peptidergic primary afferent neurons express CGRP binding sites that can be activated by CGRP in an excitatory direction. The binding sites may serve as autoreceptors because all of these neurons also synthesize CGRP. The activation of CGRP binding sites may sensitize primary afferent neurons and influence the release of mediators.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoreceptors/drug effects
- Autoreceptors/metabolism
- Binding Sites/drug effects
- Binding Sites/physiology
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/metabolism
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/pharmacology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Calcium Signaling/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytosol/drug effects
- Cytosol/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Gold Compounds
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Membrane Potentials/drug effects
- Membrane Potentials/physiology
- Neurofilament Proteins/metabolism
- Neurons, Afferent/cytology
- Neurons, Afferent/drug effects
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, trkA/metabolism
- Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/drug effects
- Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- G Segond von Banchet
- Institut für Physiologie I, Universität Jena, Teichgraben 8, D-07740 Jena, Germany
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Tubbs R, Pettay J, Skacel M, Powell R, Stoler M, Roche P, Hainfeld J. Gold-facilitated in situ hybridization: a bright-field autometallographic alternative to fluorescence in situ hybridization for detection of Her-2/neu gene amplification. Am J Pathol 2002; 160:1589-95. [PMID: 12000711 PMCID: PMC1850888 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)61106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2002] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) represents an excellent method for profiling gene amplification in situ, but correlation with tissue morphology is difficult because of dark-field visualization. Validation of a bright-field assay for assessment of HER-2/neu gene amplification was investigated. Streptavidin-Nanogold was used to generate bright-field gene copy signals using GoldEnhance gold-based autometallography, catalyzed reported deposition, and a biotin-labeled probe. One hundred cases of invasive breast carcinoma were evaluated for which FISH gene copy results, and mRNA and oncoprotein gene expression, were known. Autometallographic signals were qualitatively evaluable without the use of oil immersion microscopy. Results correlated well with indirect and direct label FISH. Autometallographic gold-based in situ hybridization represents a promising bright-field assay for the assessment of HER-2/neu gene amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Tubbs
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195-5131, USA.
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Geisler S, Heilmann H, Veh RW. An optimized method for simultaneous demonstration of neurons and myelinated fiber tracts for delineation of individual trunco- and palliothalamic nuclei in the mammalian brain. Histochem Cell Biol 2002; 117:69-79. [PMID: 11819099 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-001-0357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2001] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The truncothalamic complex has long been considered to be a nuclear group with "non-specific" projections. More recently, it is suggested that these thalamic nuclei play an important role in regulating distinct basal ganglia circuits. To further analyze the exact biological function of individual nuclei of the truncothalamic complex a simple and reliable technique for an exact delineation of distinct nuclei is desirable. Therefore, we evaluated and optimized several potential procedures for a combined visualization of neurons and myelinated fibers. Fiber staining with gold toning or immunocytochemical visualization of myelin basic protein shows high contrast and precision but precludes sufficient demonstration of neuronal cell bodies. When the most common technique for the simultaneous visualization of both structures, the Kluver-Barrera procedure, is used, demonstration of myelinated fibers is restricted when the technique is applied to cryostat or vibratome sections. In the present report this limitation was abolished. The final protocol includes lipid extraction prior to the incubation with Luxol Fast Blue and uses carefully characterized staining conditions for Luxol Fast Blue and cresyl violet rendering microscopically controlled differentiation steps unnecessary. The optimized Kluver-Barrera technique results in high precision localization of individual axons and cell bodies and thus permits an exact and simple delineation of individual nuclei in the vertebrate thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Geisler
- Institut für Anatomie der Charité, Medizinische Fakultät der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstrasse 12, 10098 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
A simple and highly sensitive test for the detection of nucleic acid targets is described. It is based upon complex formation between a small-diameter magnetic particle and a larger and nonmagnetic particle through a hybridization reaction, what we have called a dumbbell-like complex. During the different steps, nonreacting nonmagnetic conjugates were eliminated by magnetic separation. At the end of the process, dumbbell complex number was estimated by counting under a microscope. Compared to the already described two-particle tests, our model was able to reach higher sensitivities, with a threshold typically in the amol/mL range (10(6) copies of HIV DNA/mL) without the need for complex instrumentation or genomic amplification reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Perrin
- Unité mixte CNRS/bioMérieux, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
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Abstract
To investigate the immune environment of the peritoneal cavity, ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule) expression on the apical surface of the hepatic peritoneum of LPS (lipopolysaccharide) stimulated rats was analyzed ultrastructurally and chronologically with immunoTEM&SEM. ICAM-1 expression was restricted to the side of microvilli of the mesothelial cells. Microvilli demonstrated bulbous tips and included fuzzy coats and strands. Bulbous tips sometimes expressed the antigen, but fuzzy coats and strands did not. Intervillar cell surfaces lacked its expression. Although ICAM-1 expression increased eightfold 24 hr after stimulation, the selective expression remained unchanged. These results suggest that microvilli are closely associated with cell migration in the peritoneal cavity through adhesion molecules that establish a road for migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
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