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Smith MD, Wilkins KD, Holdrege MC, Wilfahrt P, Collins SL, Knapp AK, Sala OE, Dukes JS, Phillips RP, Yahdjian L, Gherardi LA, Ohlert T, Beier C, Fraser LH, Jentsch A, Loik ME, Maestre FT, Power SA, Yu Q, Felton AJ, Munson SM, Luo Y, Abdoli H, Abedi M, Alados CL, Alberti J, Alon M, An H, Anacker B, Anderson M, Auge H, Bachle S, Bahalkeh K, Bahn M, Batbaatar A, Bauerle T, Beard KH, Behn K, Beil I, Biancari L, Blindow I, Bondaruk VF, Borer ET, Bork EW, Bruschetti CM, Byrne KM, Cahill Jr. JF, Calvo DA, Carbognani M, Cardoni A, Carlyle CN, Castillo-Garcia M, Chang SX, Chieppa J, Cianciaruso MV, Cohen O, Cordeiro AL, Cusack DF, Dahlke S, Daleo P, D'Antonio CM, Dietterich LH, S. Doherty T, Dubbert M, Ebeling A, Eisenhauer N, Fischer FM, Forte TGW, Gebauer T, Gozalo B, Greenville AC, Guidoni-Martins KG, Hannusch HJ, Vatsø Haugum S, Hautier Y, Hefting M, Henry HAL, Hoss D, Ingrisch J, Iribarne O, Isbell F, Johnson Y, Jordan S, Kelly EF, Kimmel K, Kreyling J, Kröel-Dulay G, Kröpfl A, Kübert A, Kulmatiski A, Lamb EG, Larsen KS, Larson J, Lawson J, Leder CV, Linstädter A, Liu J, Liu S, Lodge AG, Longo G, Loydi A, Luan J, Curtis Lubbe F, Macfarlane C, Mackie-Haas K, Malyshev AV, Maturano-Ruiz A, Merchant T, Metcalfe DB, Mori AS, Mudongo E, Newman GS, Nielsen UN, Nimmo D, Niu Y, Nobre P, O'Connor RC, Ogaya R, Oñatibia GR, Orbán I, Osborne B, Otfinowski R, Pärtel M, Penuelas J, Peri PL, Peter G, Petraglia A, Picon-Cochard C, Pillar VD, Piñeiro-Guerra JM, Ploughe LW, Plowes RM, Portales-Reyes C, Prober SM, Pueyo Y, Reed SC, Ritchie EG, Rodríguez DA, Rogers WE, Roscher C, Sánchez AM, Santos BA, Cecilia Scarfó M, Seabloom EW, Shi B, Souza L, Stampfli A, Standish RJ, Sternberg M, Sun W, Sünnemann M, Tedder M, Thorvaldsen P, Tian D, Tielbörger K, Valdecantos A, van den Brink L, Vandvik V, Vankoughnett MR, Guri Velle L, Wang C, Wang Y, Wardle GM, Werner C, Wei C, Wiehl G, Williams JL, Wolf AA, Zeiter M, Zhang F, Zhu J, Zong N, Zuo X. Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309881120. [PMID: 38190514 PMCID: PMC10823251 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309881120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events-the most common duration of drought-globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function-aboveground net primary production (ANPP)-was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda D. Smith
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | | | - Martin C. Holdrege
- Department of Wildland Resource and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT84322
| | - Peter Wilfahrt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN55108
| | - Scott L. Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87131
| | - Alan K. Knapp
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | - Osvaldo E. Sala
- School of Life Sciences, Global Drylands Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85281
| | - Jeffrey S. Dukes
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA94305
| | | | - Laura Yahdjian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos AiresC1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Laureano A. Gherardi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Timothy Ohlert
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | - Claus Beier
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C1958, Denmark
| | - Lauchlan H. Fraser
- Department of Natural Resource Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BCV2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Department of Disturbance Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth95447, Germany
| | - Michael E. Loik
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA95064
| | - Fernando T. Maestre
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef”, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Sally A. Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW2751, Australia
| | - Qiang Yu
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing100083, China
| | - Andrew J. Felton
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT59717
| | - Seth M. Munson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ86001
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Hamed Abdoli
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor46417-76489, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abedi
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor46417-76489, Iran
| | - Concepción L. Alados
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Restauración, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Zaragoza50059, Spain
| | - Juan Alberti
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigación Ciencia y Técnica (CONICET), CC 1260 Correo Central, Mar del PlataB7600WAG, Argentina
| | - Moshe Alon
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Hui An
- School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan750021, China
| | - Brian Anacker
- City of Boulder Open Space and Mountain Parks, Boulder, CO80301
| | - Maggie Anderson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN55108
| | - Harald Auge
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Halle06120, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Seton Bachle
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS66506
- LI-COR Biosciences, 4647 Superior Street, Lincoln, NE68505
| | - Khadijeh Bahalkeh
- Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor46417-76489, Iran
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck6020, Austria
| | - Amgaa Batbaatar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 2E9, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Taryn Bauerle
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Karen H. Beard
- Department of Wildland Resource and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT84322
| | - Kai Behn
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn53115, Germany
| | - Ilka Beil
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, University of Greifswald, GreifswaldD-17498, Germany
| | - Lucio Biancari
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos AiresC1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Irmgard Blindow
- Biological Station of Hiddensee, Department of Biology, University of Greifswald, KlosterD-18565, Germany
| | - Viviana Florencia Bondaruk
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos AiresC1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth T. Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN55108
| | - Edward W. Bork
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Carlos Martin Bruschetti
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigación Ciencia y Técnica (CONICET), CC 1260 Correo Central, Mar del PlataB7600WAG, Argentina
| | - Kerry M. Byrne
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, CA95521
| | - James F. Cahill Jr.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Dianela A. Calvo
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Centro de Estudios Ambientales desde la NorPatagonia (CEANPa), Sede Atlántica–CONICET, Viedma8500, Argentina
| | - Michele Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, ParmaI-43124, Italy
| | - Augusto Cardoni
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigación Ciencia y Técnica (CONICET), CC 1260 Correo Central, Mar del PlataB7600WAG, Argentina
| | - Cameron N. Carlyle
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Miguel Castillo-Garcia
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Restauración, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Zaragoza50059, Spain
| | - Scott X. Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Jeff Chieppa
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW2751, Australia
| | | | - Ofer Cohen
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Amanda L. Cordeiro
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | - Daniela F. Cusack
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | - Sven Dahlke
- Biological Station of Hiddensee, Department of Biology, University of Greifswald, KlosterD-18565, Germany
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigación Ciencia y Técnica (CONICET), CC 1260 Correo Central, Mar del PlataB7600WAG, Argentina
| | - Carla M. D'Antonio
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Lee H. Dietterich
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS39180
| | - Tim S. Doherty
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Maren Dubbert
- Isotope Biogeochemistry and GasFluxes, Leibniz-Zentrum fürAgrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), Müncheberg15374, Germany
| | - Anne Ebeling
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena07743, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Felícia M. Fischer
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig04103, Germany
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universitat Valencia (UV) - Generalitat Valenciana (GV),Valencia46113, Spain
| | - T'ai G. W. Forte
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, ParmaI-43124, Italy
| | - Tobias Gebauer
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, FreiburgD-79104, Germany
| | - Beatriz Gozalo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef”, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Aaron C. Greenville
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2006, Australia
| | | | - Heather J. Hannusch
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843
| | - Siri Vatsø Haugum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen5007, Norway
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, Netherlands
| | - Mariet Hefting
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, Netherlands
| | - Hugh A. L. Henry
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ONN6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Daniela Hoss
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig04103, Germany
- Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre91501-970, Brazil
| | - Johannes Ingrisch
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck6020, Austria
| | - Oscar Iribarne
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigación Ciencia y Técnica (CONICET), CC 1260 Correo Central, Mar del PlataB7600WAG, Argentina
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN55108
| | - Yari Johnson
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Sacramento, CA95814
| | - Samuel Jordan
- School of Life Sciences, Global Drylands Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85281
| | - Eugene F. Kelly
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | - Kaitlin Kimmel
- Global Water Security Center, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL35487
| | - Juergen Kreyling
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, University of Greifswald, GreifswaldD-17498, Germany
| | - György Kröel-Dulay
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Vácrátót2163, Hungary
| | - Alicia Kröpfl
- Departamento de Gestión Agropecuaria, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Centro Universitario Regional Zona Atlántica, Viedma85009, Argentina
| | - Angelika Kübert
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg79110, Germany
| | - Andrew Kulmatiski
- Department of Wildland Resource and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT84322
| | - Eric G. Lamb
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N5A8, Canada
| | - Klaus Steenberg Larsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C1958, Denmark
| | - Julie Larson
- Range and Meadow Forage Management Research, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service, Burns, OR97720
| | - Jason Lawson
- Brackenridge Field Laboratory, University of Texas, Austin, TX78747
| | - Cintia V. Leder
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Centro de Estudios Ambientales desde la NorPatagonia (CEANPa), Sede Atlántica–CONICET, Viedma8500, Argentina
| | - Anja Linstädter
- Department of Biodiversity Research and Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Potsdam14469, Germany
| | - Jielin Liu
- Prataculture Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haerbin150086, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing100091, China
| | - Alexandra G. Lodge
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843
| | - Grisel Longo
- Programa de Posgrado en Desarrollo y Medio Ambiente–Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, PB58051-900, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Loydi
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida–CONICET, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur,Bahía Blanca8000FTN, Argentina
| | - Junwei Luan
- Institute of Resources and Environment, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration and Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing100102, China
| | | | - Craig Macfarlane
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Environment, Wembley, WA6913, Australia
| | - Kathleen Mackie-Haas
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences,Zollikofen3052, Switzerland
| | - Andrey V. Malyshev
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, University of Greifswald, GreifswaldD-17498, Germany
| | - Adrián Maturano-Ruiz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef”, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Thomas Merchant
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado,Boulder, CO80309
| | - Daniel B. Metcalfe
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, UmeåS-901 87, Sweden
| | - Akira S. Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo,Meguro, Tokyo153-8904, Japan
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama240-8501, Japan
| | - Edwin Mudongo
- Conservancy-Communities Living Among Wildlife Sustainably (CLAWS) Botswana, Seronga00000, Botswana
| | - Gregory S. Newman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK73019
| | - Uffe N. Nielsen
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW2751, Australia
| | - Dale Nimmo
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW2640, Australia
| | - Yujie Niu
- Department of Disturbance Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth95447, Germany
| | - Paola Nobre
- Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO74690-900, Brazil
| | - Rory C. O'Connor
- Range and Meadow Forage Management Research, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service, Burns, OR97720
| | - Romà Ogaya
- Global Ecology Unit Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF)-National Research Council (CSIC)-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), National Research Council (CSIC), Bellaterra, Catalonia08194, Spain
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia08193, Spain
| | - Gastón R. Oñatibia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos AiresC1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Ildikó Orbán
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Vácrátót2163, Hungary
- Department of Biodiversity Research and Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Potsdam14469, Germany
| | - Brooke Osborne
- Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University, Moab, UT84532
| | - Rafael Otfinowski
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MBR3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, TartuEE50409, Estonia
| | - Josep Penuelas
- Global Ecology Unit Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF)-National Research Council (CSIC)-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), National Research Council (CSIC), Bellaterra, Catalonia08194, Spain
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia08193, Spain
| | - Pablo L. Peri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria–Universidad Nacional d ela Patagonia Austral–CONICET, Río Gallegos, Caleta OliviaZ9011, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe Peter
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Centro de Estudios Ambientales desde la NorPatagonia (CEANPa), Sede Atlántica–CONICET, Viedma8500, Argentina
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, ParmaI-43124, Italy
| | - Catherine Picon-Cochard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, VetAgro Sup, Research Unit for Grassland Ecosystems, Clermont-Ferrand63000, France
| | - Valério D. Pillar
- Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre91501-970, Brazil
| | - Juan Manuel Piñeiro-Guerra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos AiresC1417DSE, Argentina
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada e Conservação, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, PB58051-900, Brazil
| | - Laura W. Ploughe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
| | - Robert M. Plowes
- Brackenridge Field Laboratory, University of Texas, Austin, TX78747
| | | | - Suzanne M. Prober
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Environment, Wembley, WA6913, Australia
| | - Yolanda Pueyo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Restauración, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Zaragoza50059, Spain
| | - Sasha C. Reed
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT84532
| | - Euan G. Ritchie
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia
| | - Dana Aylén Rodríguez
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida–CONICET, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur,Bahía Blanca8000FTN, Argentina
| | - William E. Rogers
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig04103, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig04318, Germany
| | - Ana M. Sánchez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid28032, Spain
| | - Bráulio A. Santos
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, PB58051-900, Brazil
| | - María Cecilia Scarfó
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida–CONICET, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur,Bahía Blanca8000FTN, Argentina
| | - Eric W. Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN55108
| | - Baoku Shi
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Lara Souza
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK73019
- Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK73019
| | - Andreas Stampfli
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences,Zollikofen3052, Switzerland
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern3013, Switzerland
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern3012, Switzerland
| | - Rachel J. Standish
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern3013, Switzerland
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University,Murdoch, WA6150, Australia
| | - Marcelo Sternberg
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Marie Sünnemann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Michelle Tedder
- School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg3201, South Africa
| | - Pål Thorvaldsen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Department of Landscape and Biodiversity, Tjøtta8860, Norway
| | - Dashuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Katja Tielbörger
- Plant Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen72076, Germany
| | - Alejandro Valdecantos
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef”, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Liesbeth van den Brink
- Plant Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen72076, Germany
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen5007, Norway
| | - Mathew R. Vankoughnett
- Nova Scotia Community College, Annapolis Valley Campus, Applied Research, Middleton,NSB0S 1P0, Canada
| | | | - Changhui Wang
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong030801, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Resources and Environment, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration and Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing100102, China
| | - Glenda M. Wardle
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Christiane Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg79110, Germany
| | - Cunzheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
| | - Georg Wiehl
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Environment, Wembley, WA6913, Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Williams
- Department of Geography and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Amelia A. Wolf
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX78712
| | - Michaela Zeiter
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences,Zollikofen3052, Switzerland
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern3013, Switzerland
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern3012, Switzerland
| | - Fawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai810008, China
| | - Juntao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Ning Zong
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Xiaoan Zuo
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou730000, China
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2
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Pétillon J, McKinley E, Alexander M, Adams JB, Angelini C, Balke T, Griffin JN, Bouma T, Hacker S, He Q, Hensel MJS, Ibáñez C, Macreadie PI, Martino S, Sharps E, Ballinger R, de Battisti D, Beaumont N, Burdon D, Daleo P, D'Alpaos A, Duggan-Edwards M, Garbutt A, Jenkins S, Ladd CJT, Lewis H, Mariotti G, McDermott O, Mills R, Möller I, Nolte S, Pagès JF, Silliman B, Zhang L, Skov MW. Top ten priorities for global saltmarsh restoration, conservation and ecosystem service research. Sci Total Environ 2023; 898:165544. [PMID: 37453706 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Coastal saltmarshes provide globally important ecosystem services including 'blue carbon' sequestration, flood protection, pollutant remediation, habitat provision and cultural value. Large portions of marshes have been lost or fragmented as a result of land reclamation, embankment construction, and pollution. Sea level rise threatens marsh survival by blocking landward migration where coastlines have been developed. Research-informed saltmarsh conservation and restoration efforts are helping to prevent further loss, yet significant knowledge gaps remain. Using a mixed methods approach, this paper identifies ten research priorities through an online questionnaire and a residential workshop attended by an international, multi-disciplinary network of 35 saltmarsh experts spanning natural, physical and social sciences across research, policy, and practitioner sectors. Priorities have been grouped under four thematic areas of research: Saltmarsh Area Extent, Change and Restoration Potential (including past, present, global variation), Spatio-social contexts of Ecosystem Service delivery (e.g. influences of environmental context, climate change, and stakeholder groups on service provisioning), Patterns and Processes in saltmarsh functioning (global drivers of saltmarsh ecosystem structure/function) and Management and Policy Needs (how management varies contextually; challenges/opportunities for management). Although not intended to be exhaustive, the challenges, opportunities, and strategies for addressing each research priority examined here, providing a blueprint of the work that needs to be done to protect saltmarshes for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pétillon
- UMR CNRS ECOBIO, University of Rennes, 35042 Rennes, France; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Summerstrand Campus, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa.
| | - Emma McKinley
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Meghan Alexander
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Janine B Adams
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Summerstrand Campus, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa
| | - Christine Angelini
- Environmental School for Sustainable Infrastructure and the Environment, University of Florida, Weil Hall 365, 1949 Stadium Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Thorsten Balke
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - John N Griffin
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Tjeerd Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Yerseke, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Building with Nature group, HZ University of Applied Sciences, Vlissingen, the Netherlands
| | - Sally Hacker
- Department of Integrative Biology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Qiang He
- Duke University Marine Lab, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Marc J S Hensel
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Carles Ibáñez
- Climate Change Department, Area of Sustainability, Eurecat - Technological Centre of Catalonia, 43870 Amposta, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Peter I Macreadie
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | | | - Elwyn Sharps
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK; Natural Resources Wales, TY Cambria, Newport Road, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Rhoda Ballinger
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Davide de Battisti
- Chioggia Hydrobiological Station "Umberto D'Ancona", Department of Biology, University of Padova, Palazzo Grassi, Calle Grassi Naccari 1060, 30015 Chioggia, Ve, Italy
| | - Nicola Beaumont
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Daryl Burdon
- Daryl Burdon Ltd., Marine Research, Teaching and Consultancy, Willerby HU10 6LL, UK
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP - CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea D'Alpaos
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Angus Garbutt
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Stuart Jenkins
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Cai J T Ladd
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Heather Lewis
- Natural Resources Wales, TY Cambria, Newport Road, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Giulio Mariotti
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, 1002-Q Energy, Coast and Environment Building, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Osgur McDermott
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), UN-Environment, 219 Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK
| | - Rachael Mills
- Natural England, Foss House, Kings Pool, 1-2 Peasholme Green, York YO1 7PX, UK
| | - Iris Möller
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, UK
| | - Stefanie Nolte
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR47TJ, UK; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Jordi F Pagès
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Brian Silliman
- Department of Integrative Biology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Liquan Zhang
- State Key Lab. of Estuarine and Coastal Research (SKLEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Martin W Skov
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
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3
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Xu C, Silliman BR, Chen J, Li X, Thomsen MS, Zhang Q, Lee J, Lefcheck JS, Daleo P, Hughes BB, Jones HP, Wang R, Wang S, Smith CS, Xi X, Altieri AH, van de Koppel J, Palmer TM, Liu L, Wu J, Li B, He Q. Herbivory limits success of vegetation restoration globally. Science 2023; 382:589-594. [PMID: 37917679 DOI: 10.1126/science.add2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Restoring vegetation in degraded ecosystems is an increasingly common practice for promoting biodiversity and ecological function, but successful implementation is hampered by an incomplete understanding of the processes that limit restoration success. By synthesizing terrestrial and aquatic studies globally (2594 experimental tests from 610 articles), we reveal substantial herbivore control of vegetation under restoration. Herbivores at restoration sites reduced vegetation abundance more strongly (by 89%, on average) than those at relatively undegraded sites and suppressed, rather than fostered, plant diversity. These effects were particularly pronounced in regions with higher temperatures and lower precipitation. Excluding targeted herbivores temporarily or introducing their predators improved restoration by magnitudes similar to or greater than those achieved by managing plant competition or facilitation. Thus, managing herbivory is a promising strategy for enhancing vegetation restoration efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Brian R Silliman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Jianshe Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xincheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mads S Thomsen
- Marine Ecology Research Group and Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Qun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juhyung Lee
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA, USA
- Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan S Lefcheck
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network and MarineGEO Program, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD, USA
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP, CONICETC, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Brent B Hughes
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA
| | - Holly P Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for the Study of the Environment, Sustainability, and Energy, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Carter S Smith
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Xinqiang Xi
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Andrew H Altieri
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Todd M Palmer
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bo Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang He
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Chen Q, Wang S, Borer ET, Bakker JD, Seabloom EW, Harpole WS, Eisenhauer N, Lekberg Y, Buckley YM, Catford JA, Roscher C, Donohue I, Power SA, Daleo P, Ebeling A, Knops JMH, Martina JP, Eskelinen A, Morgan JW, Risch AC, Caldeira MC, Bugalho MN, Virtanen R, Barrio IC, Niu Y, Jentsch A, Stevens CJ, Gruner DS, MacDougall AS, Alberti J, Hautier Y. Multidimensional responses of grassland stability to eutrophication. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6375. [PMID: 37821444 PMCID: PMC10567679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Eutrophication usually impacts grassland biodiversity, community composition, and biomass production, but its impact on the stability of these community aspects is unclear. One challenge is that stability has many facets that can be tightly correlated (low dimensionality) or highly disparate (high dimensionality). Using standardized experiments in 55 grassland sites from a globally distributed experiment (NutNet), we quantify the effects of nutrient addition on five facets of stability (temporal invariability, resistance during dry and wet growing seasons, recovery after dry and wet growing seasons), measured on three community aspects (aboveground biomass, community composition, and species richness). Nutrient addition reduces the temporal invariability and resistance of species richness and community composition during dry and wet growing seasons, but does not affect those of biomass. Different stability measures are largely uncorrelated under both ambient and eutrophic conditions, indicating consistently high dimensionality. Harnessing the dimensionality of ecological stability provides insights for predicting grassland responses to global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Chen
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - W Stanley Harpole
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch and University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Yvonne M Buckley
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, 30 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ian Donohue
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, UNMdP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Anne Ebeling
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Health & Environmental Sciences, Xián Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jason P Martina
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - John W Morgan
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086, VIC, Australia
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel N Bugalho
- Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Isabel C Barrio
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Hvanneyri, Iceland
| | - Yujie Niu
- Disturbance Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Disturbance Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Carly J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Daniel S Gruner
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Juan Alberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, UNMdP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Valdez SR, Daleo P, DeLaMater DS, Silliman BR. Variable responses to top-down and bottom-up control on multiple traits in the foundational plant, Spartina alterniflora. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286327. [PMID: 37228166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
While the effects of top-down and bottom-up forces on aboveground plant growth have been extensively examined, less is known about the relative impacts of these factors on other aspects of plant life history. In a fully-factorial, field experiment in a salt marsh in Virginia, USA, we manipulated grazing intensity (top-down) and nutrient availability (bottom-up) and measured the response in a suite of traits for smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). The data presented within this manuscript are unpublished, original data that were collected from the same experiment presented in Silliman and Zieman 2001. Three categories of traits and characteristics were measured: belowground characteristics, litter production, and reproduction, encompassing nine total responses. Of the nine response variables measured, eight were affected by treatments. Six response variables showed main effects of grazing and/ or fertilization, while three showed interactive effects. In general, fertilization led to increased cordgrass belowground biomass and reproduction, the former of which conflicts with predictions based on resource competition theory. Higher grazing intensity had negative impacts on both belowground biomass and reproduction. This result contrasts with past studies in this system that concluded grazer impacts are likely relegated to aboveground plant growth. In addition, grazers and fertilization interacted to alter litter production so that litter production disproportionately increased with fertilization when grazers were present. Our results revealed both predicted and unexpected effects of grazing and nutrient availability on understudied traits in a foundational plant and that these results were not fully predictable from understanding the impacts on aboveground biomass alone. Since these diverse traits link to diverse ecosystem functions, such as carbon burial, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem expansion, developing future studies to explore multiple trait responses and synthesizing the ecological knowledge on top-down and bottom-up forces with trait-based methodologies may provide a promising path forward in predicting variability in ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Valdez
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), CONICET - UNMDP, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - David S DeLaMater
- Nicholas School of the Environment, University Program In Ecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brian R Silliman
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
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6
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Daleo P, Alberti J, Chaneton EJ, Iribarne O, Tognetti PM, Bakker JD, Borer ET, Bruschetti M, MacDougall AS, Pascual J, Sankaran M, Seabloom EW, Wang S, Bagchi S, Brudvig LA, Catford JA, Dickman CR, Dickson TL, Donohue I, Eisenhauer N, Gruner DS, Haider S, Jentsch A, Knops JMH, Lekberg Y, McCulley RL, Moore JL, Mortensen B, Ohlert T, Pärtel M, Peri PL, Power SA, Risch AC, Rocca C, Smith NG, Stevens C, Tamme R, Veen GFC, Wilfahrt PA, Hautier Y. Environmental heterogeneity modulates the effect of plant diversity on the spatial variability of grassland biomass. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1809. [PMID: 37002217 PMCID: PMC10066197 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant productivity varies due to environmental heterogeneity, and theory suggests that plant diversity can reduce this variation. While there is strong evidence of diversity effects on temporal variability of productivity, whether this mechanism extends to variability across space remains elusive. Here we determine the relationship between plant diversity and spatial variability of productivity in 83 grasslands, and quantify the effect of experimentally increased spatial heterogeneity in environmental conditions on this relationship. We found that communities with higher plant species richness (alpha and gamma diversity) have lower spatial variability of productivity as reduced abundance of some species can be compensated for by increased abundance of other species. In contrast, high species dissimilarity among local communities (beta diversity) is positively associated with spatial variability of productivity, suggesting that changes in species composition can scale up to affect productivity. Experimentally increased spatial environmental heterogeneity weakens the effect of plant alpha and gamma diversity, and reveals that beta diversity can simultaneously decrease and increase spatial variability of productivity. Our findings unveil the generality of the diversity-stability theory across space, and suggest that reduced local diversity and biotic homogenization can affect the spatial reliability of key ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Juan Alberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Enrique J Chaneton
- IFEVA-Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Av San Martín 4453 C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Iribarne
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Pedro M Tognetti
- IFEVA-Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Av San Martín 4453 C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Martín Bruschetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrew S MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Jesús Pascual
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Mahesh Sankaran
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560065, India
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Sumanta Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Lars A Brudvig
- Department of Plant Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, 30 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Chris R Dickman
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Timothy L Dickson
- University of Nebraska at Omaha, Department of Biology, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ian Donohue
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel S Gruner
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Sylvia Haider
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Department of Health & Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch and University of Montana, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Rebecca L McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Brent Mortensen
- Department of Biology, Benedictine College, Atchison, KS, USA
| | - Timothy Ohlert
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pablo L Peri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) -CONICET. Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Community Ecology, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Camila Rocca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Carly Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Riin Tamme
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - G F Ciska Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, PO Box 50, 6700, AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Wilfahrt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Wilfahrt PA, Asmus AL, Seabloom EW, Henning JA, Adler P, Arnillas CA, Bakker JD, Biederman L, Brudvig LA, Cadotte M, Daleo P, Eskelinen A, Firn J, Harpole WS, Hautier Y, Kirkman KP, Komatsu KJ, Laungani R, MacDougall A, McCulley RL, Moore JL, Morgan JW, Mortensen B, Ochoa Hueso R, Ohlert T, Power SA, Price J, Risch AC, Schuetz M, Shoemaker L, Stevens C, Strauss AT, Tognetti PM, Virtanen R, Borer ET. Temporal rarity is a better predictor of local extinction risk than spatial rarity. Ecology 2021; 102:e03504. [PMID: 34319599 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Spatial rarity is often used to predict extinction risk, but rarity can also occur temporally. Perhaps more relevant in the context of global change is whether a species is core to a community (persistent) or transient (intermittently present), with transient species often susceptible to human activities that reduce niche space. Using 5-12 yr of data on 1,447 plant species from 49 grasslands on five continents, we show that local abundance and species persistence under ambient conditions are both effective predictors of local extinction risk following experimental exclusion of grazers or addition of nutrients; persistence was a more powerful predictor than local abundance. While perturbations increased the risk of exclusion for low persistence and abundance species, transient but abundant species were also highly likely to be excluded from a perturbed plot relative to ambient conditions. Moreover, low persistence and low abundance species that were not excluded from perturbed plots tended to have a modest increase in abundance following perturbance. Last, even core species with high abundances had large decreases in persistence and increased losses in perturbed plots, threatening the long-term stability of these grasslands. Our results demonstrate that expanding the concept of rarity to include temporal dynamics, in addition to local abundance, more effectively predicts extinction risk in response to environmental change than either rarity axis predicts alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Wilfahrt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Ashley L Asmus
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Henning
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA.,Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, 36688, USA
| | - Peter Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322, USA
| | - Carlos A Arnillas
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Lori Biederman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Lars A Brudvig
- Department of Plant Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Marc Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), CONICET - UNMDP, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- Department of Biology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Jennifer Firn
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - W Stanley Harpole
- Department of Biology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany.,Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, am Kirchtor 1, Halle (Saale), 06108, Germany
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin P Kirkman
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - Kimberly J Komatsu
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, 21037, USA
| | - Ramesh Laungani
- Department of Biology, Doane University, Crete, Nebraska, 68333, USA
| | - Andrew MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rebecca L McCulley
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40546, USA
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - John W Morgan
- Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Brent Mortensen
- Department of Biology, Benedictine College, Atchison, Kansas, 66002, USA
| | | | - Timothy Ohlert
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Jodi Price
- Institute of Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, 2678, Australia
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schuetz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Lauren Shoemaker
- Botany Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071, USA
| | - Carly Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Alexander T Strauss
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA.,Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Pedro M Tognetti
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Risto Virtanen
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
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8
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Tognetti PM, Prober SM, Báez S, Chaneton EJ, Firn J, Risch AC, Schuetz M, Simonsen AK, Yahdjian L, Borer ET, Seabloom EW, Arnillas CA, Bakker JD, Brown CS, Cadotte MW, Caldeira MC, Daleo P, Dwyer JM, Fay PA, Gherardi LA, Hagenah N, Hautier Y, Komatsu KJ, McCulley RL, Price JN, Standish RJ, Stevens CJ, Wragg PD, Sankaran M. Negative effects of nitrogen override positive effects of phosphorus on grassland legumes worldwide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2023718118. [PMID: 34260386 PMCID: PMC8285913 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023718118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment is driving global biodiversity decline and modifying ecosystem functions. Theory suggests that plant functional types that fix atmospheric nitrogen have a competitive advantage in nitrogen-poor soils, but lose this advantage with increasing nitrogen supply. By contrast, the addition of phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients may benefit such species in low-nutrient environments by enhancing their nitrogen-fixing capacity. We present a global-scale experiment confirming these predictions for nitrogen-fixing legumes (Fabaceae) across 45 grasslands on six continents. Nitrogen addition reduced legume cover, richness, and biomass, particularly in nitrogen-poor soils, while cover of non-nitrogen-fixing plants increased. The addition of phosphorous, potassium, and other nutrients enhanced legume abundance, but did not mitigate the negative effects of nitrogen addition. Increasing nitrogen supply thus has the potential to decrease the diversity and abundance of grassland legumes worldwide regardless of the availability of other nutrients, with consequences for biodiversity, food webs, ecosystem resilience, and genetic improvement of protein-rich agricultural plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Tognetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina;
| | - Suzanne M Prober
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia;
| | - Selene Báez
- Department of Biology, Escuela Politécnica Nacional del Ecuador, 17-01-2759 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Enrique J Chaneton
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Jennifer Firn
- Centre for the Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Anita C Risch
- Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schuetz
- Community Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Anna K Simonsen
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Carlos Alberto Arnillas
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Cynthia S Brown
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - John M Dwyer
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Ecosciences Precinct, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Philip A Fay
- Grassland, Soil, and Water Research Lab, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Temple, TX 76502
| | | | - Nicole Hagenah
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rebecca L McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
| | - Jodi N Price
- Institute of Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia
| | - Rachel J Standish
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Carly J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Wragg
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Mahesh Sankaran
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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9
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Seabloom EW, Batzer E, Chase JM, Stanley Harpole W, Adler PB, Bagchi S, Bakker JD, Barrio IC, Biederman L, Boughton EH, Bugalho MN, Caldeira MC, Catford JA, Daleo P, Eisenhauer N, Eskelinen A, Haider S, Hallett LM, Svala Jónsdóttir I, Kimmel K, Kuhlman M, MacDougall A, Molina CD, Moore JL, Morgan JW, Muthukrishnan R, Ohlert T, Risch AC, Roscher C, Schütz M, Sonnier G, Tognetti PM, Virtanen R, Wilfahrt PA, Borer ET. Species loss due to nutrient addition increases with spatial scale in global grasslands. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2100-2112. [PMID: 34240557 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of altered nutrient supplies and herbivore density on species diversity vary with spatial scale, because coexistence mechanisms are scale dependent. This scale dependence may alter the shape of the species-area relationship (SAR), which can be described by changes in species richness (S) as a power function of the sample area (A): S = cAz , where c and z are constants. We analysed the effects of experimental manipulations of nutrient supply and herbivore density on species richness across a range of scales (0.01-75 m2 ) at 30 grasslands in 10 countries. We found that nutrient addition reduced the number of species that could co-occur locally, indicated by the SAR intercepts (log c), but did not affect the SAR slopes (z). As a result, proportional species loss due to nutrient enrichment was largely unchanged across sampling scales, whereas total species loss increased over threefold across our range of sampling scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota. St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Evan Batzer
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - W Stanley Harpole
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Sumanta Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Isabel C Barrio
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Lori Biederman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa, USA
| | | | - Miguel N Bugalho
- Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP - CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sylvia Haider
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology / Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Lauren M Hallett
- Department of Biology and Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Kaitlin Kimmel
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Cecilia D Molina
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - John W Morgan
- Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Timothy Ohlert
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Community Ecology, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Schütz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Community Ecology, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Pedro M Tognetti
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Risto Virtanen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Peter A Wilfahrt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota. St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota. St. Paul, MN, USA
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10
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Hautier Y, Zhang P, Loreau M, Wilcox KR, Seabloom EW, Borer ET, Byrnes JEK, Koerner SE, Komatsu KJ, Lefcheck JS, Hector A, Adler PB, Alberti J, Arnillas CA, Bakker JD, Brudvig LA, Bugalho MN, Cadotte M, Caldeira MC, Carroll O, Crawley M, Collins SL, Daleo P, Dee LE, Eisenhauer N, Eskelinen A, Fay PA, Gilbert B, Hansar A, Isbell F, Knops JMH, MacDougall AS, McCulley RL, Moore JL, Morgan JW, Mori AS, Peri PL, Pos ET, Power SA, Price JN, Reich PB, Risch AC, Roscher C, Sankaran M, Schütz M, Smith M, Stevens C, Tognetti PM, Virtanen R, Wardle GM, Wilfahrt PA, Wang S. Author Correction: General destabilizing effects of eutrophication on grassland productivity at multiple spatial scales. Nat Commun 2021; 12:630. [PMID: 33479239 PMCID: PMC7820221 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics of Shandong University, 266237, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Ministry of Justice Hub for Research & Practice in Eco-Environmental Forensics, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
| | - Kevin R Wilcox
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of MN, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of MN, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Jarrett E K Byrnes
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Sally E Koerner
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | | | - Jonathan S Lefcheck
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, MarineGEO, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Andy Hector
- University of Oxford Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Peter B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Juan Alberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, UNMdP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Arnillas
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-4115, USA
| | - Lars A Brudvig
- Department of Plant Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Miguel N Bugalho
- Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marc Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Oliver Carroll
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Mick Crawley
- Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Scott L Collins
- University of New Mexico, Department of Biology, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, UNMdP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Laura E Dee
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1560 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0450, USA
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Philip A Fay
- USDA-ARS Grassland, Soil, and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, TX, 76502, USA
| | - Benjamin Gilbert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S3B2, Canada
| | - Amandine Hansar
- Centre de recherché en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 77140, St-Pierre-les-Nemours, France
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of MN, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Department of Heatth and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong liverpool University, 214123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Andrew S MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Rebecca L McCulley
- University of Kentucky, Plant & Soil Science, 1405 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - John W Morgan
- Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Akira S Mori
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Pablo L Peri
- INTA (National Institute of Agricultural Research)- UNPA (Southern Patagonia National University)-CONICET, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Edwin T Pos
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jodi N Price
- Institute of Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, 2640, Australia
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.,Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Physiological Diversity, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mahesh Sankaran
- Ecology & Evolution Group, National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India.,School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Martin Schütz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Melinda Smith
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Carly Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Pedro M Tognetti
- IFEVA-Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Av San Martin 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Risto Virtanen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Glenda M Wardle
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Peter A Wilfahrt
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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11
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Ochoa-Hueso R, Borer ET, Seabloom EW, Hobbie SE, Risch AC, Collins SL, Alberti J, Bahamonde HA, Brown CS, Caldeira MC, Daleo P, Dickman CR, Ebeling A, Eisenhauer N, Esch EH, Eskelinen A, Fernández V, Güsewell S, Gutierrez-Larruga B, Hofmockel K, Laungani R, Lind E, López A, McCulley RL, Moore JL, Peri PL, Power SA, Price JN, Prober SM, Roscher C, Sarneel JM, Schütz M, Siebert J, Standish RJ, Velasco Ayuso S, Virtanen R, Wardle GM, Wiehl G, Yahdjian L, Zamin T. Microbial processing of plant remains is co-limited by multiple nutrients in global grasslands. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:4572-4582. [PMID: 32520438 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial processing of aggregate-unprotected organic matter inputs is key for soil fertility, long-term ecosystem carbon and nutrient sequestration and sustainable agriculture. We investigated the effects of adding multiple nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium plus nine essential macro- and micro-nutrients) on decomposition and biochemical transformation of standard plant materials buried in 21 grasslands from four continents. Addition of multiple nutrients weakly but consistently increased decomposition and biochemical transformation of plant remains during the peak-season, concurrent with changes in microbial exoenzymatic activity. Higher mean annual precipitation and lower mean annual temperature were the main climatic drivers of higher decomposition rates, while biochemical transformation of plant remains was negatively related to temperature of the wettest quarter. Nutrients enhanced decomposition most at cool, high rainfall sites, indicating that in a warmer and drier future fertilized grassland soils will have an even more limited potential for microbial processing of plant remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Ochoa-Hueso
- Department of Biology, IVAGRO, University of Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Scott L Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Juan Alberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Héctor A Bahamonde
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA)-CONICET, Rio Gallegos, Argentina
| | - Cynthia S Brown
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Chris R Dickman
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Ebeling
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ellen H Esch
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Victoria Fernández
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabine Güsewell
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Kirsten Hofmockel
- Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Environmental and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Eric Lind
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Andrea López
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rebecca L McCulley
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Vic., Australia
| | - Pablo L Peri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA)-CONICET, Rio Gallegos, Argentina
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Jodi N Price
- Institute of Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Judith M Sarneel
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Schütz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Julia Siebert
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rachel J Standish
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Sergio Velasco Ayuso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Risto Virtanen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Glenda M Wardle
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georg Wiehl
- CSIRO Land and Water, Wembley, WA, Australia
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tara Zamin
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Vic., Australia
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12
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Risch AC, Zimmermann S, Ochoa-Hueso R, Schütz M, Frey B, Firn JL, Fay PA, Hagedorn F, Borer ET, Seabloom EW, Harpole WS, Knops JMH, McCulley RL, Broadbent AAD, Stevens CJ, Silveira ML, Adler PB, Báez S, Biederman LA, Blair JM, Brown CS, Caldeira MC, Collins SL, Daleo P, di Virgilio A, Ebeling A, Eisenhauer N, Esch E, Eskelinen A, Hagenah N, Hautier Y, Kirkman KP, MacDougall AS, Moore JL, Power SA, Prober SM, Roscher C, Sankaran M, Siebert J, Speziale KL, Tognetti PM, Virtanen R, Yahdjian L, Moser B. Soil net nitrogen mineralisation across global grasslands. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4981. [PMID: 31672992 PMCID: PMC6823350 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil nitrogen mineralisation (Nmin), the conversion of organic into inorganic N, is important for productivity and nutrient cycling. The balance between mineralisation and immobilisation (net Nmin) varies with soil properties and climate. However, because most global-scale assessments of net Nmin are laboratory-based, its regulation under field-conditions and implications for real-world soil functioning remain uncertain. Here, we explore the drivers of realised (field) and potential (laboratory) soil net Nmin across 30 grasslands worldwide. We find that realised Nmin is largely explained by temperature of the wettest quarter, microbial biomass, clay content and bulk density. Potential Nmin only weakly correlates with realised Nmin, but contributes to explain realised net Nmin when combined with soil and climatic variables. We provide novel insights of global realised soil net Nmin and show that potential soil net Nmin data available in the literature could be parameterised with soil and climate data to better predict realised Nmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - S Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - R Ochoa-Hueso
- Department of Biology, IVAGRO, University of Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - M Schütz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - B Frey
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - J L Firn
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - P A Fay
- USDA-ARS Grassland Soil, and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, TX, 76502, USA
| | - F Hagedorn
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - E T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - E W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - W S Harpole
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, Halle (Saale), 06108, Germany
| | - J M H Knops
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, 211A Manter Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215213, China
| | - R L McCulley
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA
| | - A A D Broadbent
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - C J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - M L Silveira
- University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL, 33865, USA
| | - P B Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main, Logan, UT, 84103, USA
| | - S Báez
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional del Ecuador, Ladrón de Guevera E11-253 y Andalucía, Quito, Ecuador
| | - L A Biederman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - J M Blair
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - C S Brown
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, 1177 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M C Caldeira
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S L Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - P Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - A di Virgilio
- INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación (GrInBiC) Laboratorio Ecotono, Quintral, 1250, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A Ebeling
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - N Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - E Esch
- University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - A Eskelinen
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - N Hagenah
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Y Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K P Kirkman
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - A S MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
| | - J L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Claytion, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - S A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - S M Prober
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA, 6913, Australia
| | - C Roscher
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - M Sankaran
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore, 560065, India
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J Siebert
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K L Speziale
- INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación (GrInBiC) Laboratorio Ecotono, Quintral, 1250, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P M Tognetti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Virtanen
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - L Yahdjian
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Moser
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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13
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Silliman BR, He Q, Angelini C, Smith CS, Kirwan ML, Daleo P, Renzi JJ, Butler J, Osborne TZ, Nifong JC, van de Koppel J. Field Experiments and Meta-analysis Reveal Wetland Vegetation as a Crucial Element in the Coastal Protection Paradigm. Curr Biol 2019; 29:1800-1806.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Daleo P, Alberti J, Jumpponen A, Veach A, Ialonardi F, Iribarne O, Silliman B. Nitrogen enrichment suppresses other environmental drivers and homogenizes salt marsh leaf microbiome. Ecology 2018; 99:1411-1418. [PMID: 29645089 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microbial community assembly is affected by a combination of forces that act simultaneously, but the mechanisms underpinning their relative influences remain elusive. This gap strongly limits our ability to predict human impacts on microbial communities and the processes they regulate. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that increased salinity stress, food web alteration and nutrient loading interact to drive outcomes in salt marsh fungal leaf communities. Both salinity stress and food web alterations drove communities to deterministically diverge, resulting in distinct fungal communities. Increased nutrient loads, nevertheless, partially suppressed the influence of other factors as determinants of fungal assembly. Using a null model approach, we found that increased nutrient loads enhanced the relative importance of stochastic over deterministic divergent processes; without increased nutrient loads, samples from different treatments showed a relatively (deterministic) divergent community assembly whereas increased nutrient loads drove the system to more stochastic assemblies, suppressing the effect of other treatments. These results demonstrate that common anthropogenic modifications can interact to control fungal community assembly. Furthermore, our results suggest that when the environmental conditions are spatially heterogeneous (as in our case, caused by specific combinations of experimental treatments), increased stochasticity caused by greater nutrient inputs can reduce the importance of deterministic filters that otherwise caused divergence, thus driving to microbial community homogenization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP, CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Alberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP, CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Ari Jumpponen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Allison Veach
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA.,Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Florencia Ialonardi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP, CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Oscar Iribarne
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP, CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Brian Silliman
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Anderson TM, Griffith DM, Grace JB, Lind EM, Adler PB, Biederman LA, Blumenthal DM, Daleo P, Firn J, Hagenah N, Harpole WS, MacDougall AS, McCulley RL, Prober SM, Risch AC, Sankaran M, Schütz M, Seabloom EW, Stevens CJ, Sullivan LL, Wragg PD, Borer ET. Herbivory and eutrophication mediate grassland plant nutrient responses across a global climatic gradient. Ecology 2018; 99:822-831. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Michael Anderson
- Department of Biology Wake Forest University Winston‐Salem North Carolina 27109 USA
| | - Daniel M. Griffith
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97333 USA
| | - James B. Grace
- US Geological Survey Wetland and Aquatic Research Center 700 Cajundome Blvd Lafayette Louisiana 70506 USA
| | - Eric M. Lind
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of MN St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Peter B. Adler
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah 84322 USA
| | - Lori A. Biederman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Dana M. Blumenthal
- USDA‐ARS Rangeland Resources & Systems Research Unit Fort Collins Colorado 80526 USA
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciónes Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP, CONICET Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - Jennifer Firn
- School of Earth, Environment and Biological Sciences Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Queensland 4001 Australia
| | - Nicole Hagenah
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Scottsville South Africa
| | - W. Stanley Harpole
- Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research – UFZ Department of Physiological Diversity Permoserstrasse 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Deutscher Platz 5e Leipzig 04103 Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg am Kirchtor 1 Halle (Saale) 06108 Germany
| | - Andrew S. MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Rebecca L. McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40546 USA
| | - Suzanne M. Prober
- CSIRO Land and Water Private Bag 5 Wembley Western Australia 6913 Australia
| | - Anita C. Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Community Ecology Birmensdorf 8903 Switzerland
| | - Mahesh Sankaran
- Centre for Biological Sciences TIFR Bangalore 560065 India
- School of Biology University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Martin Schütz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Community Ecology Birmensdorf 8903 Switzerland
| | - Eric W. Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of MN St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Carly J. Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YQ UK
| | - Lauren L. Sullivan
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of MN St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Peter D. Wragg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of MN St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Elizabeth T. Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of MN St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
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Hautier Y, Isbell F, Borer ET, Seabloom EW, Harpole WS, Lind EM, MacDougall AS, Stevens CJ, Adler PB, Alberti J, Bakker JD, Brudvig LA, Buckley YM, Cadotte M, Caldeira MC, Chaneton EJ, Chu C, Daleo P, Dickman CR, Dwyer JM, Eskelinen A, Fay PA, Firn J, Hagenah N, Hillebrand H, Iribarne O, Kirkman KP, Knops JMH, La Pierre KJ, McCulley RL, Morgan JW, Pärtel M, Pascual J, Price JN, Prober SM, Risch AC, Sankaran M, Schuetz M, Standish RJ, Virtanen R, Wardle GM, Yahdjian L, Hector A. Local loss and spatial homogenization of plant diversity reduce ecosystem multifunctionality. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 2:50-56. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Silliman BR, Dixon PM, Wobus C, He Q, Daleo P, Hughes BB, Rissing M, Willis JM, Hester MW. Thresholds in marsh resilience to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32520. [PMID: 27679956 PMCID: PMC5040145 DOI: 10.1038/srep32520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecosystem boundary retreat due to human-induced pressure is a generally observed phenomenon. However, studies that document thresholds beyond which internal resistance mechanisms are overwhelmed are uncommon. Following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, field studies from a few sites suggested that oiling of salt marshes could lead to a biogeomorphic feedback where plant death resulted in increased marsh erosion. We tested for spatial generality of and thresholds in this effect across 103 salt marsh sites spanning ~430 kilometers of shoreline in coastal Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi, using data collected as part of the natural resource damage assessment (NRDA). Our analyses revealed a threshold for oil impacts on marsh edge erosion, with higher erosion rates occurring for ~1–2 years after the spill at sites with the highest amounts of plant stem oiling (90–100%). These results provide compelling evidence showing large-scale ecosystem loss following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. More broadly, these findings provide rare empirical evidence identifying a geomorphologic threshold in the resistance of an ecosystem to increasing intensity of human-induced disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Silliman
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Philip M Dixon
- Department of Statistics, Snedecor Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1210, USA
| | - Cameron Wobus
- Abt Associates, 1881 Ninth Street, Suite 201, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Qiang He
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.,Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP, CONICET, CC1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Brent B Hughes
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 96060, USA
| | - Matthew Rissing
- Abt Associates, 1881 Ninth Street, Suite 201, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Jonathan M Willis
- Institute for Coastal and Water Research, Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Mark W Hester
- Institute for Coastal and Water Research, Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
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Daleo P, Alberti J, Bruschetti CM, Pascual J, Iribarne O, Silliman BR. Physical stress modifies top-down and bottom-up forcing on plant growth and reproduction in a coastal ecosystem. Ecology 2015; 96:2147-56. [DOI: 10.1890/14-1776.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Daleo P, Alberti J, Pascual J, Canepuccia A, Iribarne O. Herbivory affects salt marsh succession dynamics by suppressing the recovery of dominant species. Oecologia 2014; 175:335-43. [PMID: 24549938 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-2903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Disturbance can generate heterogeneous environments and profoundly influence plant diversity by creating patches at different successional stages. Herbivores, in turn, can govern plant succession dynamics by determining the rate of species replacement, ultimately affecting plant community structure. In a south-western Atlantic salt marsh, we experimentally evaluated the role of herbivory in the recovery following disturbance of the plant community and assessed whether herbivory affects the relative importance of sexual and clonal reproduction on these dynamics. Our results show that herbivory strongly affects salt marsh secondary succession by suppressing seedlings and limiting clonal colonization of the dominant marsh grass, allowing subordinate species to dominate disturbed patches. These results demonstrate that herbivores can have an important role in salt marsh community structure and function, and can be a key force during succession dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, CONICET-UNMDP, CC 573 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina,
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Seabloom EW, Borer ET, Buckley Y, Cleland EE, Davies K, Firn J, Harpole WS, Hautier Y, Lind E, MacDougall A, Orrock JL, Prober SM, Adler P, Alberti J, Anderson TM, Bakker JD, Biederman LA, Blumenthal D, Brown CS, Brudvig LA, Caldeira M, Chu C, Crawley MJ, Daleo P, Damschen EI, D'Antonio CM, DeCrappeo NM, Dickman CR, Du G, Fay PA, Frater P, Gruner DS, Hagenah N, Hector A, Helm A, Hillebrand H, Hofmockel KS, Humphries HC, Iribarne O, Jin VL, Kay A, Kirkman KP, Klein JA, Knops JMH, La Pierre KJ, Ladwig LM, Lambrinos JG, Leakey ADB, Li Q, Li W, McCulley R, Melbourne B, Mitchell CE, Moore JL, Morgan J, Mortensen B, O'Halloran LR, Pärtel M, Pascual J, Pyke DA, Risch AC, Salguero-Gómez R, Sankaran M, Schuetz M, Simonsen A, Smith M, Stevens C, Sullivan L, Wardle GM, Wolkovich EM, Wragg PD, Wright J, Yang L. Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems: is exotic dominance the real embarrassment of richness? Glob Chang Biol 2013; 19:3677-3687. [PMID: 24038796 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Invasions have increased the size of regional species pools, but are typically assumed to reduce native diversity. However, global-scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader richness can indicate invasion resistance by the native community or, alternatively, dominance by a single exotic species. Here, we used a globally replicated study to quantify relationships between exotic richness and abundance in grass-dominated ecosystems in 13 countries on six continents, ranging from salt marshes to alpine tundra. We tested effects of human land use, native community diversity, herbivore pressure, and nutrient limitation on exotic plant dominance. Despite its widespread use, exotic richness was a poor proxy for exotic dominance at low exotic richness, because sites that contained few exotic species ranged from relatively pristine (low exotic richness and cover) to almost completely exotic-dominated ones (low exotic richness but high exotic cover). Both exotic cover and richness were predicted by native plant diversity (native grass richness) and land use (distance to cultivation). Although climate was important for predicting both exotic cover and richness, climatic factors predicting cover (precipitation variability) differed from those predicting richness (maximum temperature and mean temperature in the wettest quarter). Herbivory and nutrient limitation did not predict exotic richness or cover. Exotic dominance was greatest in areas with low native grass richness at the site- or regional-scale. Although this could reflect native grass displacement, a lack of biotic resistance is a more likely explanation, given that grasses comprise the most aggressive invaders. These findings underscore the need to move beyond richness as a surrogate for the extent of invasion, because this metric confounds monodominance with invasion resistance. Monitoring species' relative abundance will more rapidly advance our understanding of invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of MN, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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Alberti J, Méndez Casariego A, Daleo P, Fanjul E, Silliman BR, Bertness M, Iribarne O. Erratum to: Abiotic stress mediates top-down and bottom-up control in a Southwestern Atlantic salt marsh. Oecologia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ribeiro PD, Daleo P, Iribarne OO. Density affects mating mode and large male mating advantage in a fiddler crab. Oecologia 2010; 164:931-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-010-1801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Theory predicts that ecosystem engineers should have their most dramatic effects when they enable species, through habitat amelioration, to live in zones where physical and biological conditions would otherwise suppress or limit them. Mutualisms between mycorrhizal fungi and plants are key determinants of productivity and biodiversity in most terrestrial systems, but are thought to be unimportant in wetlands because anoxic sediments exclude fungal symbionts. Our field surveys revealed arbuscular mycorrhizal associations on salt marsh plant roots, but only in the presence of crabs that oxygenate soils as a by-product of burrowing. Field experiments demonstrate that fungal colonization is dependent on crab burrowing and responsible for nearly 35% of plant growth. These results highlight ecosystem engineers as ecological linchpins that can activate and maintain key mutualisms between species. Our findings align salt marshes with other important biogenic habitats whose productivity is reliant on mutualisms between the primary foundation species and micro-organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Daleo
- Departamento de Biología (FCEyN), UNMdP, CC 573 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Rivadavia 1917, 1033, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Acha EM, Mianzan HW, Iribarne O, Gagliardini DA, Lasta C, Daleo P. The role of the Río de la Plata bottom salinity front in accumulating debris. Mar Pollut Bull 2003; 46:197-202. [PMID: 12586115 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-326x(02)00356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Río de la Plata, one of the most important South American estuarine environments, is characterized by a bottom salinity front that generates an ecotone between the river and the estuary. Based on bottom trawls and costal sampling we describe the distribution, types, and amount of debris found in the bottom and shoreline across this front. Plastics and plastic bags were the main debris types in both areas. Concentrations of total debris upriver the front were always significantly higher than downriver the front showing that the front acts as a barrier accumulating debris. Moreover, a large part of debris end ups accumulated in the coastal area upriver the frontal position. This area is particularly sensitive because the coastline encompasses an UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Reserve and a Ramsar site, and due to the ecological significance of the front for many valuable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M Acha
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Paseo V, Ocampo No. 1 (7600), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Acha EM, Mianzan HW, Iribarne O, Gagliardini DA, Lasta C, Daleo P. The role of the Río de la Plata bottom salinity front in accumulating debris. Mar Pollut Bull 2003; 46:197-202. [PMID: 12586115 DOI: 10.1016/cs0025-326x(02)00356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Río de la Plata, one of the most important South American estuarine environments, is characterized by a bottom salinity front that generates an ecotone between the river and the estuary. Based on bottom trawls and costal sampling we describe the distribution, types, and amount of debris found in the bottom and shoreline across this front. Plastics and plastic bags were the main debris types in both areas. Concentrations of total debris upriver the front were always significantly higher than downriver the front showing that the front acts as a barrier accumulating debris. Moreover, a large part of debris end ups accumulated in the coastal area upriver the frontal position. This area is particularly sensitive because the coastline encompasses an UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Reserve and a Ramsar site, and due to the ecological significance of the front for many valuable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M Acha
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Paseo V, Ocampo No. 1 (7600), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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