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Wang SD, Chen PT, Hsieh MH, Wang JY, Chiang CJ, Lin LJ. Xin-Yi-Qing-Fei-Tang and its critical components reduce asthma symptoms by suppressing GM-CSF and COX-2 expression in RBL-2H3 cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 330:118105. [PMID: 38631485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) XYQFT is composed of 10 herbs. According to the NHIRD, XYQFT is one of the top ten most commonly used TCM prescriptions for asthma treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to explore whether XYQFT reduces asthma symptoms in a mouse model of chronic asthma and determine the immunomodulatory mechanism of mast cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c mice were intratracheally (it) stimulated with 40 μL (2.5 μg/μL) of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) once a week for 6 consecutive weeks and orally administered XYQFT at 1 g/kg 30 min before Der p stimulation. Airway hypersensitivity, inflammatory cells in the BALF and total IgE in the blood were assessed in mice. In addition, RBL-2H3 cells (mast cells) were stimulated with DNP-IgE, after which different concentrations of XYQFT were added for 30 min to evaluate the effect of XYQFT on the gene expression and degranulation of DNP-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. After the compounds in XYQFT were identified using LC‒MS/MS, the PBD method was used to identify the chemical components that inhibited the expression of the GM-CSF and COX-2 genes in mast cells. RESULTS The airway hypersensitivity assay demonstrated that XYQFT significantly alleviated Der p-induced airway hypersensitivity. Moreover, cell counting and typing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed a significant reduction in Der p-induced inflammatory cell infiltration with XYQFT treatment. ELISA examination further indicated a significant decrease in Der p-induced total IgE levels in serum following XYQFT administration. In addition, XYQFT inhibited the degranulation and expression of genes (IL-3, IL-4, ALOX-5, IL-13, GM-CSF, COX-2, TNF-α, and MCP-1) in RBL-2H3 cells after DNP stimulation. The compounds timosaponin AIII and genkwanin in XYQFT were found to be key factors in the inhibition of COX-2 and GM-CSF gene expression in mast cells. CONCLUSION By regulating mast cells, XYQFT inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, airway hypersensitivity and specific immunity in a mouse model of asthma. In addition, XYQFT synergistically inhibited the expression of the GM-CSF and COX-2 genes in mast cells through timosaponin AIII and genkwanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulhn-Der Wang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Ting Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, 71005, Taiwan.
| | - Miao-Hsi Hsieh
- Center for Allergy, Immunology, and Microbiome (A.I.M.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Center for Allergy, Immunology, and Microbiome (A.I.M.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Jen Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Jen Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Tomar R, Das SS, Balaga VKR, Tambe S, Sahoo J, Rath SK, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK. Therapeutic Implications of Dietary Polyphenols-Loaded Nanoemulsions in Cancer Therapy. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:2036-2053. [PMID: 38525971 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide, even the second foremost cause related to non-communicable diseases. Cancer cells typically possess several cellular and biological processes including, persistence, propagation, differentiation, cellular death, and expression of cellular-type specific functions. The molecular picture of carcinogenesis and progression is unwinding, and it appears to be a tangled combination of processes occurring within and between cancer cells and their surrounding tissue matrix. Polyphenols are plant secondary metabolites abundant in fruits, vegetables, cereals, and other natural plant sources. Natural polyphenols have implicated potential anticancer activity by various mechanisms involved in their antitumor action, including modulation of signaling pathways majorly related to cellular proliferation, differentiation, relocation, angiogenesis, metastatic processes, and cell death. The applications of polyphenols have been limited due to the hydrophobic nature and lower oral bioavailability that could be possibly overcome through encapsulating them into nanocarrier-mediated delivery systems, leading to improved anticancer activity. Nanoemulsions (NEs) possess diverse feasible properties, including greater surface area, modifiable surficial charge, higher half-life, site-specific targeting, and formulation imaging capability necessary to create a practical therapeutic impact, and have drawn increased attention in cancer therapy research. This review has summarized and discussed the basic concepts, classification, delivery approaches, and anticancer mechanism of various polyphenols and polyphenols-encapsulated nanoemulsions with improved cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Tomar
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248009, India
| | - Sabya Sachi Das
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248009, India
| | - Venkata Krishna Rao Balaga
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Srusti Tambe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
| | - Jagannath Sahoo
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Rath
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248009, India
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
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Reyna-Lázaro L, Morales-Becerril A, Aranda-Lara L, Isaac-Olivé K, Ocampo-García B, Gibbens-Bandala B, Olea-Mejía O, Morales-Avila E. Pharmaceutical nanoplatforms based on self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems for optimal transport and co-delivery of siRNAs and anticancer drugs. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00059-5. [PMID: 38369021 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have the ability to induce selective gene silencing, although siRNAs are vulnerable to degradation in vivo. Various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are currently used as effective therapeutics in the treatment of cancer. However, routes of administration are limited due to their physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties. This research aimed to develop oral pharmaceutical formulations based on self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) for optimal transport and co-delivery of siRNAs related to cancer and APIs. Formulations were developed using optimal mixing design (Design-Expert 11 software) for SNEDDS loading with siRNA (water/oil emulsion), API (oil/water emulsion), and siRNA-API (multiphase water/oil/water emulsion). The final formulations were characterized physicochemically and biologically. The nanosystems less than 50 nm in size and had a drug loading above 48%. The highest drug release occurred at intestinal pH, allowing drug protection in physiological fluids. SNEDDS-siRNA-APIs showed a twofold toxicity effect than APIs in solution and higher transfection and internalization of siRNA in cancer cells with respect to free siRNAs. In the duodenum, higher permeability was observed with SNEDDS-API than with the API solution, as determined by ex-vivo fluorescence microscopy. The multifunctional formulation based on SNEDDS was successfully prepared, the siRNA, hydrophobic chemotherapeutics (doxorubicin, valrubicin and methotrexate) and photosensitizers (rhodamine b and protoporphyrin IX) agents were loaded, using a chitosan-RNA core, and Labrafil® M 1944 CS, Cremophor® RH40, phosphatidylcholine shell, forming stable hybrid SNEDDS as multiphasic emulsion, suitable as co-delivery system with a potent anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Reyna-Lázaro
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Química, Toluca, 50180, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Aideé Morales-Becerril
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Química, Toluca, 50180, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Liliana Aranda-Lara
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Medicina, Toluca, 50180, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Keila Isaac-Olivé
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Medicina, Toluca, 50180, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Blanca Ocampo-García
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Radiofármacos-CONACyT, Ocoyoacac, 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Brenda Gibbens-Bandala
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Radiofármacos-CONACyT, Ocoyoacac, 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Oscar Olea-Mejía
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable (CCIQS), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, San Cayetano de Morelos, 50200 Toluca, MEX, Mexico
| | - Enrique Morales-Avila
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Química, Toluca, 50180, Estado de México, Mexico.
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Yao Y, Wu T, Pan L, Yan S, Yu S, Chen S. The evaluation of four nano-formulations loaded-Elsinochrome A on characteristics and in vitro cytotoxicity effect. J Biomater Appl 2024; 38:834-847. [PMID: 38154025 DOI: 10.1177/08853282231225559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Elsinochrome A (EA) is a naturally occurring photosensitizer with potential applications in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for various malignancies. Despite its promising therapeutic properties, the poor solubility of EA hampers its effective utilization in clinical settings. To circumvent this limitation, we engineered four distinct nano-formulations: PLGA/EA nanoparticles (NPs), CMC-PLGA/EA NPs, mPEG-PCL/EA nanomicelles (NMs), and LHP-CHOL/EA nanoliposomes (NLs), all designed to enhance the solubility of EA. A comparative evaluation of these formulations, based on metrics such as particle size, Zeta potential, drug loading efficiency, and encapsulation efficiency, identified PLGA/EA NPs and mPEG-PCL/EA NMs as the most efficacious candidates. Subsequent in vitro investigations into the drug release kinetics under varying pH conditions and the impact on cell viability and apoptosis in A549 and MCF-7 cell lines were conducted. Remarkably, the maximum drug release for PLGA/EA NPs and mPEG-PCL/EA NMs was recorded at 62.5% and 70.8% in an acidic environment (pH 5.7), respectively. Upon exposure to 460 nm light, PLGA/EA NPs induced a significant reduction in A549 cell viability to 13.8% and an apoptosis rate of 93.8%, whereas mPEG-PCL/EA NMs elicited a decrease in MCF-7 cell viability to 12.8% and an apoptosis rate of 73.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianlong Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuzhen Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqin Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuanglin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Bhardwaj K, Sharma A, Kumar R, Tyagi V, Kumar R. Improving Oral Bioavailability of Herbal Drugs: A Focused Review of Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System for Colon Cancer. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:389-402. [PMID: 37151062 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230505113108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the most frequent malignancies in the world is colon cancer. Both men and women are affected in the same way. The colon, which makes up the last part of the digestive system and is where water and minerals from food waste are absorbed, is vulnerable to cancer. The most suitable technique of drug administration is oral administration. Aqueous solubility is low in more than 40% of novel chemical entities, resulting in poor oral drug administration. In the formulation of oral medications, low inconsistent bioavailability is a major challenge. Increasing medication bioavailability is one of the most difficult aspects of pharmacological development. Self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) have been a potential platform for biopharmaceutical classification system class II and IV drugs for oral delivery. Enhanced bioavailability and solubility, control of toxicity, pharmacological effects, improved stability, improved tissue macrophage dispersion, prolonged delivery, and resistance to physical and chemical degradation are just a few benefits of SNEDDS for herbal drugs. To increase activity and address problems associated with herbal drugs, nanosized modern drug delivery technologies are expected to have a promising future. Improved patient compliance, fewer problems with liquid SNEDDS filled in capsules, and enhanced stability SNEDDS are all benefits of converting liquid SNEDDS to solid oral dosage forms or solid SNEDDS. SNEDDS differs from previous solubility augmentation methods due to its biodegradable components, simplicity of large-scale production, and range of drug-targeting possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Bhardwaj
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144402, India
| | - Arun Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144402, India
| | - Rajan Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144402, India
| | - Varnit Tyagi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144402, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144402, India
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Kumbhar PR, Kumar P, Lasure A, Velayutham R, Mandal D. An updated landscape on nanotechnology-based drug delivery, immunotherapy, vaccinations, imaging, and biomarker detections for cancers: recent trends and future directions with clinical success. Discov Nano 2023; 18:156. [PMID: 38112935 PMCID: PMC10730792 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of nanotechnology-based formulations improved the diagnostics and therapies for various diseases including cancer where lack of specificity, high cytotoxicity with various side effects, poor biocompatibility, and increasing cases of multi-drug resistance are the major limitations of existing chemotherapy. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery enhances the stability and bioavailability of many drugs, thereby increasing tissue penetration and targeted delivery with improved efficacy against the tumour cells. Easy surface functionalization and encapsulation properties allow various antigens and tumour cell lysates to be delivered in the form of nanovaccines with improved immune response. The nanoparticles (NPs) due to their smaller size and associated optical, physical, and mechanical properties have evolved as biosensors with high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of various markers including nucleic acids, protein/antigens, small metabolites, etc. This review gives, initially, a concise update on drug delivery using different nanoscale platforms like liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric & various metallic NPs, hydrogels, microneedles, nanofibres, nanoemulsions, etc. Drug delivery with recent technologies like quantum dots (QDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), protein, and upconverting NPs was updated, thereafter. We also summarized the recent progress in vaccination strategy, immunotherapy involving immune checkpoint inhibitors, and biomarker detection for various cancers based on nanoplatforms. At last, we gave a detailed picture of the current nanomedicines in clinical trials and their possible success along with the existing approved ones. In short, this review provides an updated complete landscape of applications of wide NP-based drug delivery, vaccinations, immunotherapy, biomarker detection & imaging for various cancers with a predicted future of nanomedicines that are in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragati Ramesh Kumbhar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Hajipur, Hajipur, 844102, India
| | - Prakash Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Hajipur, Hajipur, 844102, India
| | - Aarti Lasure
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Hajipur, Hajipur, 844102, India
| | | | - Debabrata Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Hajipur, Hajipur, 844102, India.
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El Menyiy N, Aboulaghras S, Bakrim S, Moubachir R, Taha D, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Algarni AS, Hermansyah A, Ming LC, Rusu ME, Bouyahya A. Genkwanin: An emerging natural compound with multifaceted pharmacological effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115159. [PMID: 37481929 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant bioactive molecules could play key preventive and therapeutic roles in chronological aging and the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases, often accompanied by increased oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation. Dietary antioxidants, including genkwanin, could decrease oxidative stress and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines or pathways. The present study is the first comprehensive review of genkwanin, a methoxyflavone found in several plant species. Indeed, natural sources, and pharmacokinetics of genkwanin, the biological properties were discussed and highlighted in detail. This review analyzed and considered all original studies related to identification, isolation, quantification, investigation of the biological and pharmacological properties of genkwanin. We consulted all published papers in peer-reviewed journals in the English language from the inception of each database to 12 May 2023. Different phytochemical demonstrated that genkwanin is a non-glycosylated flavone found and isolated from several medicinal plants such as Genkwa Flos, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, and Leonurus sibiricus. In vitro and in vivo biological and pharmacological investigations showed that Genkwanin exhibits remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, genkwanin, via activation of glucokinase, has shown antihyperglycemic activity with a potential role against metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Additionally, it revealed cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties, thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and assisting against neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, genkwanin showed other biological properties like antitumor capability, antibacterial, antiviral, and dermato-protective effects. The involved mechanisms include sub-cellular, cellular and molecular actions at different levels such as inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Despite the findings from preclinical studies that have demonstrated the effects of genkwanin and its diverse mechanisms of action, additional research is required to comprehensively explore its therapeutic potential. Primarily, extensive studies should be carried out to enhance our understanding of the molecule's pharmacodynamic actions and pharmacokinetic pathways. Moreover, toxicological and clinical investigations should be undertaken to assess the safety and clinical efficacy of genkwanin. These forthcoming studies are of utmost importance in fully unlocking the potential of this molecule in the realm of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate 34025, Morocco.
| | - Sara Aboulaghras
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco.
| | - Saad Bakrim
- Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco.
| | - Rania Moubachir
- Bioactives and Environmental Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco.
| | - Doaue Taha
- Molecular Modeling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water and Environment Laboratory, CERNE2D, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco.
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alanood S Algarni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Andi Hermansyah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia; PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco.
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Ansari MM, Vo DK, Choi HI, Ryu JS, Bae Y, Bukhari NI, Zeb A, Kim JK, Maeng HJ. Formulation and Evaluation of a Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Raloxifene with Improved Solubility and Oral Bioavailability. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2073. [PMID: 37631288 PMCID: PMC10459739 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor aqueous solubility and dissolution limit the oral bioavailability of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II drugs. In this study, we aimed to improve the aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX), a BCS class II drug, using a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS). Based on the solubilities of RLX, Capryol 90, Tween 80/Labrasol ALF, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) were selected as the oil, surfactant mixture, and cosurfactant, respectively. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to determine the optimal composition (Capryol 90/Tween 80/Labrasol ALF/PEG-400 in 150/478.1/159.4/212.5 volume ratio) for RLX-SMEDDS with a small droplet size (147.1 nm) and stable microemulsification (PDI: 0.227). Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction of lyophilized RLX-SMEDDS revealed the loss of crystallinity, suggesting a molecularly dissolved or amorphous state of RLX in the SMEDDS formulation. Moreover, RLX-SMEDDS exhibited significantly higher saturation solubility and dissolution rate in water, simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2), and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) than RLX powder. Additionally, oral administration of RLX-SMEDDS to female rats resulted in 1.94- and 1.80-fold higher area under the curve and maximum plasma concentration, respectively, than the RLX dispersion. Collectively, our findings suggest SMEDDS is a promising oral formulation to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of RLX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mohsin Ansari
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Dang-Khoa Vo
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Ik Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Su Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Nadeem Irfan Bukhari
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Joo Maeng
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
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De S, Paul S, Manna A, Majumder C, Pal K, Casarcia N, Mondal A, Banerjee S, Nelson VK, Ghosh S, Hazra J, Bhattacharjee A, Mandal SC, Pal M, Bishayee A. Phenolic Phytochemicals for Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: A Critical Evaluation of In Vivo Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030993. [PMID: 36765950 PMCID: PMC9913554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed and second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Limitations with existing treatment regimens have demanded the search for better treatment options. Different phytochemicals with promising anti-CRC activities have been reported, with the molecular mechanism of actions still emerging. This review aims to summarize recent progress on the study of natural phenolic compounds in ameliorating CRC using in vivo models. This review followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reporting and Meta-Analysis. Information on the relevant topic was gathered by searching the PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases using keywords, such as "colorectal cancer" AND "phenolic compounds", "colorectal cancer" AND "polyphenol", "colorectal cancer" AND "phenolic acids", "colorectal cancer" AND "flavonoids", "colorectal cancer" AND "stilbene", and "colorectal cancer" AND "lignan" from the reputed peer-reviewed journals published over the last 20 years. Publications that incorporated in vivo experimental designs and produced statistically significant results were considered for this review. Many of these polyphenols demonstrate anti-CRC activities by inhibiting key cellular factors. This inhibition has been demonstrated by antiapoptotic effects, antiproliferative effects, or by upregulating factors responsible for cell cycle arrest or cell death in various in vivo CRC models. Numerous studies from independent laboratories have highlighted different plant phenolic compounds for their anti-CRC activities. While promising anti-CRC activity in many of these agents has created interest in this area, in-depth mechanistic and well-designed clinical studies are needed to support the therapeutic use of these compounds for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samhita De
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Sourav Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713 209, India
| | - Anirban Manna
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | | | - Koustav Pal
- Jawaharlal Institute Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605 006, India
| | - Nicolette Casarcia
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Balisha 743 234, India
| | - Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol 713 301, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur 515 721, India
| | - Suvranil Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Joyita Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713 209, India
| | | | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700 054, India
- Correspondence: or (M.P.); or (A.B.)
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
- Correspondence: or (M.P.); or (A.B.)
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10
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Lin L, Chen Q, Dai Y, Xia Y. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Enhanced Bioavailability of Madecassic Acid: In vitro and in vivo Evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:2345-2358. [PMID: 37187996 PMCID: PMC10179365 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s408115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Madecassic acid (MCA) is a natural triterpenoid isolated from centellae herba that has diverse biological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. However, the efficacy of MCA is limited by low oral bioavailability caused by its extremely poor aqueous solubility. This study aimed to develop a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for MCA to improve its oral absorption. Methods The utilized oil phases, surfactants, and co-surfactants for SNEDDS were selected based on the solubility of MCA and emulsification efficiency. The optimized formulation was characterized for pharmaceutical properties and its pharmacokinetic behavior was examined in rats. Besides, the intestinal absorption property of MCA was investigated using in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion and intestinal lymphatic transport. Results The optimized nanoemulsion formula consists of Capryol 90:Labrasol:Kolliphor ELP:Transcutol HP in a weight ratio of 1:2.7:2.7:3.6 (w/w/w/w). MCA-loaded SNEDDS presented a small droplet size (21.52 ± 0.23 nm), with a zeta potential value of -3.05 ± 0.3 mV. Compared with pure MCA, SNEDDS had a higher effective permeability coefficient and showed 8.47-fold and 4.01-fold of maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), respectively. Cycloheximide was pretreated before the experiment to evaluate the degree of lymphatic uptake. The results showed that cycloheximide greatly influenced the absorption of SNEDDS, resulting in 82.26% and 76.98% reduction in Cmax and AUC, respectively. Conclusion This study reports the MCA-loaded SNEDDS with distinctly enhanced in vitro and in vivo performance compared with pure MCA and concludes that the SNEDDS formulation could be a viable and effective strategy for improving the dissolution rate and bioavailability of poor aqueous-soluble ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyong Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Xia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yufeng Xia, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, People’s Republic of China, Tel +862583271400, Fax +862585301528, Email
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11
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Rathore C, Hemrajani C, Sharma AK, Gupta PK, Jha NK, Aljabali AAA, Gupta G, Singh SK, Yang JC, Dwivedi RP, Dua K, Chellappan DK, Negi P, Tambuwala MM. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) mediated improved oral bioavailability of thymoquinone: optimization, characterization, pharmacokinetic, and hepatotoxicity studies. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:292-307. [PMID: 35831776 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective compound obtained from the black seed oil of Nigella sativa. However, high hydrophobicity, instability at higher pH levels, photosensitivity, and low oral bioavailability hinder its delivery to the target tissues. A self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) was fabricated using the microemulsification technique to address these issues. Its physicochemical properties, thermodynamic stability studies, drug release kinetics, in vivo pharmacokinetics, and hepatoprotective activity were evaluated. The droplet size was in the nano-range (< 90 nm). Zeta potential was measured to be -11.35 mV, signifying the high stability of the oil droplets. In vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation showed a fourfold increase in the bioavailability of TQ-SNEDDS over pure TQ. Furthermore, in a PCM-induced animal model, TQ-SNEDDS demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) hepatoprotective activity compared to pure TQ and silymarin. Reduction in liver biomarker enzymes and histopathological examinations of liver sections further supported the results. In this study, SNEDDS was demonstrated to be an improved oral delivery method for TQ, since it potentiates hepatotoxicity and enhances bioavailability.
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12
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Vaccarin C, Gabbia D, Franceschinis E, De Martin S, Roverso M, Bogialli S, Sacchetti G, Tupini C, Lampronti I, Gambari R, Cabrini G, Dechecchi MC, Tamanini A, Marzaro G, Chilin A. Improved Trimethylangelicin Analogs for Cystic Fibrosis: Design, Synthesis and Preliminary Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911528. [PMID: 36232826 PMCID: PMC9570109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A small library of new angelicin derivatives was designed and synthesized with the aim of bypassing the side effects of trimethylangelicin (TMA), a promising agent for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. To prevent photoreactions with DNA, hindered substituents were inserted at the 4 and/or 6 positions. Unlike the parent TMA, none of the new derivatives exhibited significant cytotoxicity or mutagenic effects. Among the synthesized compounds, the 4-phenylderivative 12 and the 6-phenylderivative 25 exerted a promising F508del CFTR rescue ability. On these compounds, preliminary in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were carried out, evidencing a favorable PK profile per se or after incorporation into lipid formulations. Therefore, the selected compounds are good candidates for future extensive investigation to evaluate and develop novel CFTR correctors based on the angelicin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vaccarin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Erica Franceschinis
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Roverso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bogialli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Sacchetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Tupini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lampronti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis (InnThera4CF), University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis (InnThera4CF), University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulio Cabrini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis (InnThera4CF), University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Dechecchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Tamanini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marzaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Adriana Chilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis (InnThera4CF), University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
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13
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Tonjan R, Singh D. Functional Excipients and Novel Drug Delivery Scenario in Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System: A Critical Note. Pharm Nanotechnol 2022; 10:PNT-EPUB-125930. [PMID: 36043758 DOI: 10.2174/2211738510666220829085745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations have emerged as prospective dosage forms for extracting the therapeutic effects of existing lipophilic compounds and novel chemical entities more efficiently. Compared to other excipients, lipids have the added benefit of enhancing the bioavailability of lipophilic and highly metabolizable drugs due to their unique physicochemical features and similarities to in vivo components. Furthermore, lipids can minimize the needed dose and even the toxicity of drugs with poor aqueous solubility when employed as the primary excipient. Hence, the aim of the present review is to highlight the functional behavior of lipid excipients used in SNEDD formulation along with the stability aspects of the formulation in vivo. Moreover, this review also covered the importance of SNEDDS in drug delivery, the therapeutic and manufacturing benefits of lipids as excipients, and the technological advances made so far to convert liquid to solid SNEDDS like melt granulation, adsorption on solid support, spray cooling, melt extrusion/ spheronization has also highlighted. The mechanistic understanding of SNEDD absorption in vivo is highly complex, which was discussed very critically in this review. An emphasis on their application and success on an industrial scale was presented, as supported by case studies and patent surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel Tonjan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road (NH-95), Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab 142001, INDIA
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road (NH-95), Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab 142001, INDIA
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14
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Muthukrishnan L. Nanonutraceuticals — Challenges and Novel Nano-based Carriers for Effective Delivery and Enhanced Bioavailability. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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El-Dakroury WA, Zewail MB, Elsabahy M, Shabana ME, Asaad GF. Famotidine-loaded solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system demonstrates exceptional efficiency in amelioration of peptic ulcer. Int J Pharm 2022; 611:121303. [PMID: 34798155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Famotidine (FMD) is a highly potent H2-receptor antagonist used in peptic ulcer treatment. However, the drug possesses poor aqueous solubility and permeability. FMD-loaded solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (FMD-S-SNEDDS) comprised of Labrafil® M 1944 CS, Tween® 20 and PEG 400, adsorbed on Aerosil® 200, has been developed. FMD-S-SNEDDS has demonstrated acceptable micromeritic properties, and upon reconstitution in water, spherical nanosized particles were released, as demonstrated by dynamic light scattering studies and transmission electron microscopy imaging. High encapsulation efficiency of FMD in the developed SNEDDS has been attained, and the saturated solubility of the drug has increased by 20-fold when it was incorporated in the SNEDDS. Several in vitro characterizations have been carried out, including, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and drug dissolution studies. In vivo, upon administration of the free drug suspension, marketed product (FAMOTIN®) and FMD-S-SNEDDS (40 mg/kg) in peptic ulcer rat models, FMD-S-SNEDDS and the marketed FMD demonstrated 12.5- and 4.7-fold reduction in ulcers number, and 28.7- and 7.2-fold reduction in ulcer severity, respectively, compared to the control untreated animals. FMD-S-SNEDDS showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the levels of depleted glutathione and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the elevated level of malondialdehyde, as compared to the free and marketed FMD. Only FMD-S-SNEDDS could restore the elevated proton pump activity and cyclic adenosine monophosphate RNA expression to their normal levels. Hence, FMD-S-SNEDDS provides a great potential as a nanotherapeutic system for treatment of peptic ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Moataz B Zewail
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Marwa E Shabana
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Gihan F Asaad
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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Dhritlahre RK, Ruchika, Padwad Y, Saneja A. Self-emulsifying formulations to augment therapeutic efficacy of nutraceuticals: From concepts to clinic. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Priani SE, Rahayu DP, Maulana IT. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) for Oral Delivery of Cod Liver Oil. Borneo J Pharm 2021. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v4i2.1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cod liver oil (CLO) has long been used as medicine or as a functional food. The CLO is a potential source of vitamin D, vitamin A, and omega fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid/EPA and docosahexaenoic acid/DHA). Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) can enhance dissolution, absorption, and bioavailability of hydrophilic and lipophilic substances for oral administration. The objective of this study was to develop a SNEDDS of CLO with good physical characteristics and stability. The optimization formula was carried out using various ratios of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant. The physical properties of SNEDDS were determined by transmittance percentage, dispersibility, robustness, thermodynamics stability (heating-cooling cycle, centrifugation, and freeze-thaw cycle), and globule size distribution. The optimum formula of CLO-SNEDDS was obtained at a ratio of surfactant and cosurfactant 2 : 1 and a comparison of oil and surfactant mixtures 1 : 6. The CLO-SNEDDS meets the requirement of percent transmittance (97.90±0.85), dispersibility (grade A), and stability based on robustness and thermodynamic stability tests. Diluted SNEDDS has an average globule size of 125 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.515. CLO-SNEDDS preparation has good physical characteristics and stability.
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