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Bazid HAS, Samaka RM, Mousa MEA, Seleit I. Immunohistochemical expression of Axin-2, as an implication of the role of stem cell in scar pathogenesis and prognosis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:6010-6020. [PMID: 35546288 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wound healing is a multi-phased process. A disruption in these phases could result in a persistent wound or an atypical scar. Wounding activates wingless proteins (Wnt) signaling, which aids in the healing process. Axis inhibition protein-2 regulates a variety of cellular activities through the Wnt and other pathways. AIM To assess the role of Axin-2 in patients with abnormal scars, using immunohistochemical study. METHODS This case-control study enrolled a total of 60 participants: 30 patients with abnormal scars (12 hypertrophic scars, 13 atrophic scars, and 5 keloid scars) and 30 age, sex, and site matched, apparently healthy controls. For immunohistochemistry examination of Axin-2 expression, skin samples were obtained from (i) lesional and (ii) perilesional skin of patients with aberrant scars, as well as (iii) normal control's skin. RESULTS Epidermal Axin-2 expression positivity, cellular topography, intensity, and H score showed significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05). In the dermis (fibroblast/myofibroblast), there were significant differences in Axin-2 expression positivity, location, intensity, and H score (p < 0.001 for all). The epidermal Axin-2 H score and the Manchester scale had a significant positive correlation (r = 0.832, p = 0.001). The epidermal Axin-2 H score and age (r = -0.576, p = 0.001), and the Stony Brook scale (r = -0.419, p = 0.021), had significant negative correlations. CONCLUSION Axin-2 overexpression might be accused in pathogenesis of abnormal scar and clinical worse scar outcome. In order to deprive scars of their regenerative cell pools, future scar therapies may target Axin-2 as a stem cell marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A S Bazid
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDS, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Rehab Monir Samaka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Marwa E A Mousa
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDS, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Iman Seleit
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDS, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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Park HH, Kim YM, Anh Hong LT, Kim HS, Hoon KS, Jin X, Hwang DH, Kwon MJ, Song SC, Kim BG. Dual-functional hydrogel system for spinal cord regeneration with sustained release of arylsulfatase B alleviates fibrotic microenvironment and promotes axonal regeneration. Biomaterials 2022; 284:121526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kogan EA, Andreeva VV, Reshetov IV, Demura TA, Zharkov NV. [Morphogenetic and pathogenetic features of hypertrophic and keloid scars of the head and neck]. Arkh Patol 2022; 84:23-31. [PMID: 36469714 DOI: 10.17116/patol20228406123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the morphogenetic and pathogenetic features of hypertrophic and keloid scars of the head and neck. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 286 patients, among them 176 (61.5%) patients with hypertrophic and 110 (38.5%) with keloid scars aged 18 to 65 years with a disease duration from 1 month to 2 years. Material for histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies of scar tissue was fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Serial paraffin sections were stained with H&E, according to Van Gieson and Weigert. IHC was performed using monoclonal mouse antibodies to collagen type I (clone 3G3, Santa Cruz, dilution 1:100), collagen type III (clone B-4, Santa Cruz, dilution 1:50), collagen type IV (clone COL-94, Santa Cruz, dilution 1:50), MMP-1 (clone 3B6, Santa Cruz, dilution 1:100), α-SMA1 (clone 1A4, Dako Agilent, dilution 1:100) and rabbit polyclonal anti-TGFβ antibodies (clone 3C11, Santa Cruz, 1:100 dilution). RESULTS Pathogenetic, morphological and immunohistochemical differences in hypertrophic and keloid scars were established depending on their degree of maturity. In the formation of hypertrophic scars, the key factor in sclerotic processes is TGF-b on the background of low MMP1 activity. Keloid scars were distinguished not only by the accumulation of hard-to-degrade collagens, but also by the development of an osteoclast-like reaction with a high content of MMP1. Immature scar tissue was characterized by the presence of myofibroblastic α-SMA1 positive focus and center of inflammatory changes. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained allow substantiating new approaches to the treatment of patients with hypertrophic and keloid scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Kogan
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Andreeva
- Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Reshetov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - T A Demura
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Zharkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Grech L, Ebejer JP, Mazzitelli O, Schembri K, Borg J, Seria E. Possible Role of Circulating Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Progenitors in Modulating Inflammation and Promoting Wound Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:78. [PMID: 35008501 PMCID: PMC8744598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors (BMMPs) are known to be potent antigen-presenting cells that migrate to damaged tissue to secrete cytokines and growth factors. An altered or dysregulated inflammatory cascade leads to a poor healing outcome. A skin model developed in our previous study was used to observe the immuno-modulatory properties of circulating BMMP cells in inflammatory chronic wounds in a scenario of low skin perfusion. BMMPs were analysed exclusively and in conjunction with recombinant tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and recombinant hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) supplementation. We analysed the expression levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73), together with protein levels for IL-8, stem cell factor (SCF), and fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1). The successfully isolated BMMPs were positive for both hemopoietic and mesenchymal markers and showed the ability to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. Significant differences were found in IL-8 and CD73 expressions and IL-8 and SCF concentrations, for all conditions studied over the three time points taken into consideration. Our data suggests that BMMPs may modulate the inflammatory response by regulating IL-8 and CD73 and influencing IL-8 and SCF protein secretions. In conclusion, we suggest that BMMPs play a role in wound repair and that their induced application might be suitable for scenarios with a low skin perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grech
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta; (J.-P.E.); (O.M.)
| | - Jean-Paul Ebejer
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta; (J.-P.E.); (O.M.)
| | - Oriana Mazzitelli
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta; (J.-P.E.); (O.M.)
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
| | - Kevin Schembri
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta Medical School and Mater Dei Hospital, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
| | - Joseph Borg
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
| | - Elisa Seria
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta; (J.-P.E.); (O.M.)
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Nejat AH, Hamdan S, Abrego I, Lindsey JT, Vitter R. Fully Digital Workflow for Fabrication of A 3D Printed Ear Stent for Auricular Keloids: A Technique Article. J Prosthodont 2021; 31:266-270. [PMID: 34811842 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloids are skin lesions which result from an aberration in the physiological healing process marked with overgrowth of collagen fibers. Keloid of the ear is cosmetically challenging and has an increased chance of re-growth. To minimize recurrence, pressure therapy in combination with other treatment forms has been used. Various techniques have been used to fabricate a passive or active stent. This report presents a fully digital workflow to fabricate an ear stent after intralesional excision and skin autografting of an extensive recurrence of a keloid lesion of the left ear involving the helix, antihelix, scapha and conchal bowl. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Nejat
- Assistant Professor, Prosthodontics Department, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA
| | - Suleiman Hamdan
- Associate Professor, Prosthodontics Department, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - John T Lindsey
- Clinical Associate Professor of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tulane University School of Dentistry
| | - Roger Vitter
- Assistant Professor, Prosthodontics Department, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA
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Yoon J, Park JH, Choi JW, Kim YC. Optimal Fluence and Duration of Low-Level Laser Therapy for Efficient Wound Healing in Mice. Ann Dermatol 2021; 33:318-323. [PMID: 34341632 PMCID: PMC8273318 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2021.33.4.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-level laser (light) therapy is a promising technology that stimulates healing, relieves pain and inflammation, and restores function in injured body parts. However, few studies have compared the effects of light-emitting diodes of different fluence levels or different treatment durations. Objective Here, we investigated the effects of various fluence levels and treatment durations on wound closure in mice. Methods Full-thickness wounds were created on the dorsal skin using an 8-mm diameter punch, and the wounds were irradiated at 1, 4, or 40 J/cm2 for 5 consecutive days starting on day 1. To determine the optimal irradiation duration, wounds were irradiated at the most potent fluence of previous study for 5, 10, or 15 days. Photographic documentation, skin biopsies, and wound measurements were performed to compare the effects of different treatment parameters. Results The most effective fluence level was 40 J/cm2 at day 5, as determined by monitoring wound closure. There were no statistically significant differences in wound healing with different durations. Conclusion We have shown that repeated exposure to low levels of light significantly stimulates wound healing in mice and demonstrated more efficient wound closure with certain fluences of 830 nm irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Office of Biostatistics, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jee-Woong Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - You Chan Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Raktoe RS, van Haasterecht L, Antonovaite N, Bartolini L, van Doorn R, van Zuijlen PPM, Groot ML, El Ghalbzouri A. The effect of TGFβRI inhibition on extracellular matrix structure and stiffness in hypertrophic scar-specific fibroblast-derived matrix models. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 559:245-251. [PMID: 33964734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv S Raktoe
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Ludo van Haasterecht
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Burn Center and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, P.O. Box 1074, 1940 EB, Beverwijk, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nelda Antonovaite
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luca Bartolini
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Remco van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paul P M van Zuijlen
- Burn Center and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, P.O. Box 1074, 1940 EB, Beverwijk, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie Louise Groot
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Yuce Sari S, Yilmaz MT, Yazici G, Uzun H, Yedekci FY, Ozyigit G. A hesitated approach: primary radiotherapy for keloids-a case series. Strahlenther Onkol 2021; 197:909-915. [PMID: 33394057 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-020-01736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the efficacy and toxicity of hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) alone in treatment-resistant symptomatic keloids. METHODS Six patients with a total of 13 inoperable large keloid lesions and no response to previous treatments were admitted to our department between 2017 and 2019. All patients were examined for detailed wound localization, size, contour, and color assessment, and for objective and subjective symptoms. Response to treatment was graded as "complete remission" in case of full symptomatic relief and >75% decrease in lesion size, as "partial remission" in case of partial symptomatic relief and 25-75% decrease in lesion size, and as "stable disease" in case of no symptomatic relief or <25% decrease in lesion size. Patients were followed up monthly for the first 3 months and every 3 months thereafter by physical examination. RESULTS A total dose of 37.5 Gy external RT in five fractions was prescribed by 6‑MeV electrons in 4 patients and 6‑MV photons in 2 patients. Complete response was obtained in all patients at the 6‑month control. All patients were satisfied with cosmetic results at their last control. Grade 2 dermatitis developed in all patients during the second week of RT but resolved completely in all after 6 months following the end of RT. CONCLUSION In keloids that are unresponsive to standard treatment, hypofractionated RT using a total dose of 37.5 Gy in five fractions is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezin Yuce Sari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University Medical School, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melek Tugce Yilmaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University Medical School, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gozde Yazici
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University Medical School, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Uzun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fazli Yagiz Yedekci
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University Medical School, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Ozyigit
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University Medical School, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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Patel KS, Yao J, Raymond C, Yong W, Everson R, Liau LM, Nathanson D, Kornblum H, Wang C, Oughourlian T, Lai A, Nghiemphu PL, Pope WB, Cloughesy TF, Ellingson BM. Decorin expression is associated with predictive diffusion MR phenotypes of anti-VEGF efficacy in glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14819. [PMID: 32908231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71799-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous data suggest that apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) imaging phenotypes predict survival response to anti-VEGF monotherapy in glioblastoma. However, the mechanism by which imaging may predict clinical response is unknown. We hypothesize that decorin (DCN), a proteoglycan implicated in the modulation of the extracellular microenvironment and sequestration of pro-angiogenic signaling, may connect ADC phenotypes to survival benefit to anti-VEGF therapy. Patients undergoing resection for glioblastoma as well as patients included in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and IVY Glioblastoma Atlas Project (IVY GAP) databases had pre-operative imaging analyzed to calculate pre-operative ADCL values, the average ADC in the lower distribution using a double Gaussian mixed model. ADCL values were correlated to available RNA expression from these databases as well as from RNA sequencing from patient derived mouse orthotopic xenograft samples. Targeted biopsies were selected based on ADC values and prospectively collected during resection. Surgical specimens were used to evaluate for DCN RNA and protein expression by ADC value. The IVY Glioblastoma Atlas Project Database was used to evaluate DCN localization and relationship with VEGF pathway via in situ hybridization maps and RNA sequencing data. In a cohort of 35 patients with pre-operative ADC imaging and surgical specimens, DCN RNA expression levels were significantly larger in high ADCL tumors (41.6 vs. 1.5; P = 0.0081). In a cohort of 17 patients with prospectively targeted biopsies there was a positive linear correlation between ADCL levels and DCN protein expression between tumors (Pearson R2 = 0.3977; P = 0.0066) and when evaluating different targets within the same tumor (Pearson R2 = 0.3068; P = 0.0139). In situ hybridization data localized DCN expression to areas of microvascular proliferation and immunohistochemical studies localized DCN protein expression to the tunica adventitia of blood vessels within the tumor. DCN expression positively correlated with VEGFR1 & 2 expression and localized to similar areas of tumor. Increased ADCL on diffusion MR imaging is associated with high DCN expression as well as increased survival with anti-VEGF therapy in glioblastoma. DCN may play an important role linking the imaging features on diffusion MR and anti-VEGF treatment efficacy. DCN may serve as a target for further investigation and modulation of anti-angiogenic therapy in GBM.
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Xu H, Fan GK. The Role of Cytokines in Modulating Vocal Fold Fibrosis: A Contemporary Review. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:139-145. [PMID: 32293731 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vocal fold (VF) scarring and laryngeal stenosis are a significant clinical challenge. Excessive scar formation causes low voice quality or even life-threatening obstructions. Cytokines are thought to modulate multiple steps of the establishment of VF fibrosis, but there is no systematic report regarding their role in modulating VF fibrosis. This review aims to investigate the role of cytokines in modulating vocal fold fibrosis. STUDY DESIGN Literature review. METHODS This review searched for all relevant peer publications in English for the period 2009 to 2019 in the PubMed database using search terms: "laryngeal stenosis," "vocal fold scarring," and "cytokines." A thorough investigation of the methods and results of the reviewed studies was performed. RESULTS Comprehensive research in various studies, including analyses of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), supports cytokine therapy for VF scarring and laryngeal stenosis to some extent. A few clinical studies on this topic support the conclusion that HGF and bFGF can be selected as effective drugs, and no serious side effects were found. CONCLUSIONS This review describes the potential of cytokines for modulating the process of VF fibrogenesis, although cytokines are still an unproven treatment method. As no ideal drugs exist, cytokines may be considered the candidate treatment for preventing VF fibrogenesis. Laryngoscope, 131:139-145, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Kang Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Song J, Li X, Li J. Emerging evidence for the roles of peptide in hypertrophic scar. Life Sci 2019; 241:117174. [PMID: 31843531 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar is a dermal fibroproliferative disorder characterized by excess collagen deposition. There are many existing treatment modalities, but none works perfectly in all individuals. Recently, evidence is increasing that peptides can play crucial roles in the prevention or treatment of hypertrophic scar. The peptides may be derived from growth factors, hormones, and intracellular products of proteolysis. In vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that a number of peptides, usually topically applied, have beneficial effects on fibroblasts in rat, mouse, hamster, pig and rabbit scar models. The length of such peptides typically ranges between 10 and 15 amino acids (aa). Peptides may reduce scar progenitors, prevent excessive scarring, decrease scar growth, speed re-epithelialization and promote scar maturation through multiple mechanisms. They may target TGF-β signaling, fibroblast function or collagen modulation, inflammation, renin angiotensin system, gap junction and other pathways. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding specific binding sites for these peptides in scar models. Here, we review current research progress on the roles of peptides and underlying mechanisms in hypertrophic scar. We also discuss the clinical potential of peptides as therapeutic agents in scarring. Finally, the functions of several peptide-related compounds in hypertrophic scar are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Song
- Department of Dermatology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), 123rd Tianfei Street, Mochou Road, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Dermatology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), 123rd Tianfei Street, Mochou Road, Nanjing 210004, China.
| | - Jingyun Li
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), 123rd Tianfei Street, Mochou Road, Nanjing 210004, China.
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Song KM, Chung DY, Choi MJ, Ghatak K, Minh NN, Limanjaya A, Kwon MH, Ock J, Yin GN, Kim DK, Ryu JK, Suh JK. Vactosertib, a Novel, Orally Bioavailable Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 5 Inhibitor, Promotes Regression of Fibrotic Plaques in a Rat Model of Peyronie's Disease. World J Mens Health 2019; 38:552-563. [PMID: 31496148 PMCID: PMC7502315 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.190071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the therapeutic effect of Vactosertib, a small molecule inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type I receptor (activin receptor-like kinase-5, ALK5), in an experimental model of Peyronie's disease (PD) and determining anti-fibrotic mechanisms of Vactosertib in primary fibroblasts derived from human PD plaques. Materials and Methods Male rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=6 per group); control rats without treatment; PD rats receiving vehicle; and PD rats receiving Vactosertib (10 mg/kg). PD-like plaques were induced by administering 100 µL of each of human fibrin and thrombin solutions into the tunica albuginea on days 0 and 5. Vactosertib was given orally five times a week for 2 weeks. On day 30, we performed electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve to measure erectile function, and the penis was obtained for histological examination. Fibroblasts isolated from human PD plaques were used to determine the anti-fibrotic effects of Vactosertib in vitro. Results Vactosertib induced significant regression of fibrotic plaques in PD rats in vivo through reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and reduced expression of phospho-Smad2, which recovered erectile function. Vactosertib also abrogated TGF-β1-induced enhancement of extracellular matrix protein production and hydroxyproline content in PD fibroblasts in vitro by hindering the TGF-β1-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Conclusions In view of the critical role of TGF-β and the Smad pathway in the pathogenesis of PD, inhibition of this pathway with an ALK5 inhibitor may represent a novel, targeted therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Moon Song
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Doo Yong Chung
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Min Ji Choi
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kalyan Ghatak
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Nguyen Nhat Minh
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Anita Limanjaya
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mi Hye Kwon
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ock
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Guo Nan Yin
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dae Kee Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewah Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Kan Ryu
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
| | - Jun Kyu Suh
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
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Menezes MCS, Vasconcellos LDS, Nunes CB, Alberti LR. Evaluation of the use of tacrolimus ointment for the prevention of hypertrophic scars in experimental model. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:164-171. [PMID: 31090821 PMCID: PMC6486078 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20197490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tacrolimus, for its activity on modulation of collagen production and fibroblast activity, may have a role in the prevention of hypertrophic scars. OBJECTIVES Evaluate macroscopic, microscopic, metabolic, laboratory effects and side effects of the use of topical tacrolimus ointment, in different concentrations, in the prevention of hypertrophic scars. METHODS Twenty-two rabbits were submitted to the excision of 2 fragments of 1 cm of each ear, 4 cm apart, down to cartilage. The left ear of the animals was standardized as control and Vaseline applied twice a day. The right ear received tacrolimus ointment, at concentrations of 0.1% on the upper wound and 0.03% on the lower wound, also applied twice a day. Macroscopic, microscopic, laboratory criteria and the animals' weight were evaluated after 30 days of the experiment. RESULTS Wounds treated with tacrolimus, at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.03%, when compared to control, showed a lower average degree of thickening (p = 0.048 and p <0.001, respectively). The average of scar thickness and lymphocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil concentrations are lower in the treated wounds compared to the control (p <0.001, p=0.022, p=0.007, p=0.044, respectively). The mean concentration of lymphocytes is lower in wounds treated with a higher concentration of the drug (p=0.01). STUDY LIMITATIONS experiment lasted only 30 days. CONCLUSIONS Tacrolimus at the 2 concentrations evaluated reduced the severity of inflammatory changes and positively altered the macroscopic aspect of the scar in the short term. Its use was shown to be safe, with no evidence of systemic or local adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo de Souza Vasconcellos
- Department of Complementary Propaedeutic, Faculdade de
Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Cristiana Buzelin Nunes
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculdade de
Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
- Health and Biological Science institute, Curso de
Medicina, Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
- Service of Pathology, Instituto Moacyr Junqueira, Belo
Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Luiz Ronaldo Alberti
- Teaching and Research Center, Santa Casa de Belo
Horizonte, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas
Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
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da Cunha Colombo Tiveron LR, da Silva IR, da Silva MV, Peixoto AB, Rodrigues DBR, Rodrigues V. High in situ mRNA levels of IL-22, TFG-β, and ARG-1 in keloid scars. Immunobiology 2018; 223:812-817. [PMID: 30146129 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Keloid scars are currently considered a chronic inflammatory process and no longer a benign skin tumor. Keloids are defined as highly inflamed, hyperproliferative pathological scars. Growth factors and cytokines have important functions in the keloid inflammatory etiopathogenesis. The aim of this study was to analyze the in situ expression of cytokines and growth factors in keloid scars in comparison with that in normal scars. Among them, we specifically assessed TGF-β, FGF, IL-33, IL-22, ARG-1, ARG-2, iNOS, VIP, VIP-R1, TAC, and TAC-R1. A total of 98 biopsies were evaluated, including of 53 keloid and 45 normal scars. The age of patients with keloids ranged from 11 to 73 years, with a mean age of 28 years and predominance of the female gender (58.5% of the total patients). Around 64.15% of the patients belonged to the black ethnic group. Evaluated keloids were most commonly located in the earlobe because of ear piercing, representing 73.6% of the cases. We found significantly greater expression of TGF-β, IL-22, and ARG-1 in keloids when compared with that in normal scars. As for IL-33, ARG-2, and VIP-R1, despite the higher number of mRNA copies found in keloids, this difference was not significant. Furthermore, FGF, iNOS, VIP, TAC, and TAC-R1 mRNA levels were not detectable, and therefore these results were inconclusive in this study. Considering these results, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control the inflammatory response during cutaneous healing may promote the development of strategies to improve the treatment of patients with keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabela Rios da Silva
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) ICBN and CEFORES, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto Borges Peixoto
- Laboratory of Biopathology and Molecular Biology, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Denise Bertulucci Rocha Rodrigues
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) ICBN and CEFORES, Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Laboratory of Biopathology and Molecular Biology, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) ICBN and CEFORES, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
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Gong T, Zhang C, Kang J, Lou Z, Scholp A, Jiang JJ. The effects of cryotherapy on vocal fold healing in a rabbit model. Laryngoscope 2018; 129:E151-E157. [PMID: 30468242 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Cryotherapy has been shown to be a scarless treatment modality for dermal lesions; however, there are limited data addressing the effect of cryotherapy on vocal fold tissue. The aim of this study was to clarify the effectiveness of cryotherapy for prevention of postsurgical vocal fold scarring. STUDY DESIGN Prospective animal study in rabbits. METHODS The lamina propria of 20 rabbit vocal folds was bilaterally stripped, followed by randomized unilateral cryotherapy. Five larynges were harvested for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis at 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days postinjury. The remaining five were harvested for histologic analysis at 3 months. Images of the healing phase were recorded by laryngoscopy. Analyses of RT-PCR for cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-6, collagen I, collagen III, matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ1), α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1) were completed. Histological samples were completed for collagen and hyaluronic acid analysis. RESULTS RT-PCR results revealed that higher expressions of HAS1 and MMP1 and lower expressions of COX-2, IL-6, collagen I, collagen III, TGFβ1, and α-SMA were observed, and histological examination showed significantly increased hyaluronic acid, decreased deposition, and more organized configuration of collagen in injury with the cryotherapy cohort compared with the injury cohort. CONCLUSIONS Cryotherapy can inhibit the inflammatory reaction and simulate a fetal healing environment in extracellular matrix synthesis to regenerate vocal fold tissue with less fibrosis. Histological results showed that cryotherapy achieves a mature healing result with less scar, which tends to return to normal. In summary, the findings of this study suggest that administration of cryotherapy at the time of injury has the potential to minimize vocal fold scarring. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 129:E151-E157, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhewei Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Austin Scholp
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Jack J Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Shi J, Xiao H, Li J, Zhang J, Li Y, Zhang J, Wang X, Bai X, Tao K, Hu D, Guan H. Wild-type p53-modulated autophagy and autophagic fibroblast apoptosis inhibit hypertrophic scar formation. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1423-37. [PMID: 30089855 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scarring is a serious fibrotic skin disease, and the abnormal activation of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) intensifies its pathogenesis. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the dysregulation of autophagy in HSFs is associated with fibrosis. However, knowledge regarding the regulation of HS fibrosis by p53-modulated autophagy is limited. Here, we investigated the effect of p53-modulated autophagy on HS fibrosis. The overexpression of wtp53 (Adp53) promoted autophagic capacity and inhibited collagen and α-SMA expression in HSFs. In contrast, LC3 (AdLC3) overexpression did not suppress Col 1, Col 3, or α-SMA expression, but LC3 (shLC3) knockdown downregulated collagen expression. Adp53-modulated autophagy altered Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression, but AdLC3 affected only Bcl-xL expression. Silencing Bcl-xL suppressed collagen expression, but autophagy was also inhibited. Flow cytometry showed that the silencing of Bcl-2 (sibcl-2), Bcl-xL (sibcl-xL), and Adp53 significantly increased apoptosis in the HSFs. Therefore, wtp53 inhibited fibrosis in the HSFs by modulating autophagic HSF apoptosis; moreover, the inhibition of autophagy by sibcl-xL had antifibrotic effects. In addition, treatment with Adp53, AdLC3, shLC3, sibcl-2, and sibcl-xL reduced scar formation in a rabbit ear scar model. These data confirm that wtp53-modulated autophagy and autophagic HSF apoptosis can serve as potential molecular targets for HS therapy.
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Deng A, Yang Y, Du S, Yang S. Electrospinning of in situ crosslinked recombinant human collagen peptide/chitosan nanofibers for wound healing. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2197-2208. [PMID: 30003209 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00492g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun collagen nanofibers are effective for wound healing; however, many problems, such as the tedious preparation process, weak strength and poor structure integration, limit further applications. In this study, recombinant human collagen (RHC) peptides and a simple one-step crosslinking strategy were used to prepare RHC/chitosan nanofibers. With the nonpathogenic, water-soluble RHC and a mild electrospinning solvent, in situ crosslinked nanofibers (S-CN) not only simplified the preparation procedure but also maintained a more integrated morphology. Compared with the immersed crosslinked nanofibers (I-CN), S-CN showed better performance in moisture retention, degradation and mechanical strength tests. In vitro cell proliferation, morphology and RT-PCR studies confirmed that fibroblasts presented better activities on nanofibers crosslinked in situ. Importantly, after treating with the nanofibers, rapid epidermidalization and angiogenesis were observed in an SD rat scalding model. All these data suggest that electrospun RHC/chitosan nanofibers crosslinked in situ are an ideal candidate that can be used for wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aipeng Deng
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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18
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Gong T, Zhang C, Kang J, Lamb JJ, Jiang JJ. Cryotherapy has antifibrotic and regenerative effects on human vocal fold fibroblasts. Laryngoscope 2018; 129:E143-E150. [PMID: 30315572 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Vocal fold scarring remains a major treatment challenge, and scar prevention without residual lesions remains a dilemma. Cryotherapy has shown cosmetic outcomes on skin lesions with minimal scarring. The aim of this study was to clarify the beneficial effects of cryotherapy for the prevention and the treatment of vocal fold scarring. STUDY DESIGN In vitro. METHODS Primary cultures of human vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs) were used in this study. Myofibroblast differentiation was stimulated by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). We mimicked the cryotherapy effect on vocal fold healing in vivo by freezing VFFs ± TGF-β1 in vitro. The influence of freezing on cell viability, proliferation, migration, and contractile properties were analyzed. The expression of collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, TGF-β1, matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1), hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1) were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and decorin were investigated by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Freezing was found to modify extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and differentiation of VFFs. Expression of collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, α-SMA, and TGF-β1 was downregulated, and MMP1 was upregulated in VFFs + TGF-β1 (myofibroblast) by freezing. HAS1 and decorin were upregulated in both VFFs ± TGF-β1 by freezing. Freezing VFFs + TGF-β1 (myofibroblast) with fast thawing had a lower expression of α-SMA when compared with slow thawing. Freezing reduced the migration and collagen contraction of VFFs + TGF-β1 (myofibroblast). CONCLUSION Cryotherapy induces antifibrotic and regenerative ECM alterations in VFFs. These data provide insight into the prevention and the treatment of vocal fold scarring with cryotherapy in phonomicrosurgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 129:E143-E150, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jack J Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of keloid is largely unknown. Because keloid and atopic dermatitis have overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms, we aimed to evaluate keloid risk in patients with atopic dermatitis. STUDY DESIGN Population-based retrospective cohort study. SETTING The Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database was used to analyse data for people who had been diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. PARTICIPANTS We identified 8371 patients with newly diagnosed atopic dermatitis during 1996-2010. An additional 33 484 controls without atopic dermatitis were randomly identified and frequency matched at a one-to-four ratio. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURE The association between atopic dermatitis and keloid risk was estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS After adjustment for covariates, the atopic dermatitis patients have a 3.19-fold greater risk of developing keloid compared with the non-atopic dermatitis group (3.19vs1.07 per 1000 person-years, respectively). During the study period, 163 patients with atopic dermatitis and 532 patients without atopic dermatitis developed keloid. Notably, keloid risk increased with severity of atopic dermatitis, particularly in patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that patients with atopic dermatitis had a higher than normal risk of developing keloid and suggest that atopic dermatitis may be an independent risk factor for keloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cosmetic Applications and Management Department, Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care & Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangjiagang First People’s Hospital, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Qing-Rui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qinghe County Central Hospital, Qinghe, China
| | - Cong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Hebei Quyang Renji Hospital, Quyang, China
| | - Chieh-Hsin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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20
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Chen Q, Zhao T, Xie X, Yu D, Wu L, Yu W, Sun W. MicroRNA-663 regulates the proliferation of fibroblasts in hypertrophic scars via transforming growth factor-β1. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1311-1317. [PMID: 30116380 PMCID: PMC6090240 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study determined the expression of microRNA (miR)-663 in hypertrophic scar (HS) tissues and investigate the regulatory mechanisms of miR-663 in HS. A total of 51 patients diagnosed with HS between December 2013 and February 2016 were included in the present study. HS tissues (experimental group) and HS-adjacent tissues (control group) were collected. Primary fibroblasts were obtained from HS tissue and transfected with small-interfering RNA against transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 or miR-663 mimics. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR was used to determine the levels of TGF-β1 mRNA and miR-663. Western blot analysis was performed to determine TGF-β1 protein expression. An MTT assay was employed to detect the proliferation of fibroblasts, and a dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify the binding of miR-663 with TGF-β1 mRNA. TGF-β1 was found to have a regulatory role in HS at the transcriptional level. The expression of TGF-β1 was upregulated in HS tissues, and knockdown of TGF-β1 in cultured fibroblasts led to inhibition of proliferation. The expression of miR-663 was downregulated in HS. miR-663 was revealed to regulate the expression of TGF-β1 by binding with the 3′-untranslated region of TGF-β1 mRNA. Elevated expression of miR-663 inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts by regulating TGF-β1 expression. The present study demonstrated that upregulation of TGF-β1 in HS tissues is associated with the downregulation of miR-663 expression. miR-663 may regulate the proliferation of fibroblasts in HS and the expression of associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Tianlan Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Daojiang Yu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Wenyuan Yu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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21
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DeBruler DM, Blackstone BN, McFarland KL, Baumann ME, Supp DM, Bailey JK, Powell HM. Effect of skin graft thickness on scar development in a porcine burn model. Burns 2018; 44:917-930. [PMID: 29661554 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Animal models provide a way to investigate scar therapies in a controlled environment. It is necessary to produce uniform, reproducible scars with high anatomic and biologic similarity to human scars to better evaluate the efficacy of treatment strategies and to develop new treatments. In this study, scar development and maturation were assessed in a porcine full-thickness burn model with immediate excision and split-thickness autograft coverage. Red Duroc pigs were treated with split-thickness autografts of varying thickness: 0.026in. ("thin") or 0.058in. ("thick"). Additionally, the thin skin grafts were meshed and expanded at 1:1.5 or 1:4 to evaluate the role of skin expansion in scar formation. Overall, the burn-excise-autograft model resulted in thick, raised scars. Treatment with thick split-thickness skin grafts resulted in less contraction and reduced scarring as well as improved biomechanics. Thin skin autograft expansion at a 1:4 ratio tended to result in scars that contracted more with increased scar height compared to the 1:1.5 expansion ratio. All treatment groups showed Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1) expression that increased over time and peaked 4 weeks after grafting. Burns treated with thick split-thickness grafts showed decreased expression of pro-inflammatory genes 1 week after grafting, including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and TGF-β1, compared to wounds treated with thin split-thickness grafts. Overall, the burn-excise-autograft model using split-thickness autograft meshed and expanded to 1:1.5 or 1:4, resulted in thick, raised scars similar in appearance and structure to human hypertrophic scars. This model can be used in future studies to study burn treatment outcomes and new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M DeBruler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Britani N Blackstone
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kevin L McFarland
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Molly E Baumann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Dorothy M Supp
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - J Kevin Bailey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Critical Care, Trauma and Burns, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Heather M Powell
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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22
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Liu X, Zhang R, Shi H, Li X, Li Y, Taha A, Xu C. Protective effect of curcumin against ultraviolet A irradiation‑induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7227-7237. [PMID: 29568864 PMCID: PMC5928684 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes in skin, resulting in photoaging. Natural botanicals have gained considerable attention due to their beneficial protection against the harmful effects of UV irradiation. The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of curcumin (Cur) to protect human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) against ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced photoaging. HDFs were treated with 0–10 µM Cur for 2 h and subsequently exposed to various intensities of UVA irradiation. The cell viability and apoptotic rate of HDFs were investigated by MTT and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The effect of UVA and Cur on the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde levels, which are an indicator of ROS, and the levels/activity of antioxidative defense proteins, including glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase, were evaluated using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and commercial assay kits. Furthermore, western blotting was performed to determine the levels of proteins associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the apoptotic pathway, inflammation and the collagen synthesis pathway. The results demonstrated that Cur reduced the accumulation of ROS and restored the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes, indicating that Cur minimized the damage induced by UVA irradiation in HDFs. Furthermore, western blot analysis demonstrated that Cur may attenuate UVA-induced ER stress, inflammation and apoptotic signaling by downregulating the protein expression of glucose-regulated protein 78, C/EBP-homologous protein, nuclear factor-κB and cleaved caspase-3, while upregulating the expression of Bcl-2. Additionally, it was demonstrated that Cur may regulate collagen metabolism by decreasing the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3, and may promote the repair of cells damaged as a result of UVA irradiation through increasing the protein expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Smad2/3, and decreasing the expression of the TGF-β inhibitor, Smad7. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate the potential benefits of Cur for the protection of HDFs against UVA-induced photoaging and highlight the potential for the application of Cur in skin photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Ruizhi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Urumqi Jinsuijian Technical Development Co., Ltd., Urumqi, Xinjiang 830013, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Ahmad Taha
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, SEGi University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor 47810, Malaysia
| | - Chunxing Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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Deng J, Shi Y, Gao Z, Zhang W, Wu X, Cao W, Liu W. Inhibition of Pathological Phenotype of Hypertrophic Scar Fibroblasts Via Coculture with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:382-393. [PMID: 28562226 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Deng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Weigang Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Han K, Park JH, Yang SG, Lee DH, Tsauo J, Kim KY, Kim MT, Gang SG, Kim DK, Kim DH, Song HY. EW-7197 eluting nano-fiber covered self-expandable metallic stent to prevent granulation tissue formation in a canine urethral model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192430. [PMID: 29447198 PMCID: PMC5813937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate an EW-7197-eluting nanofiber-covered stent (NFCS) for suppressing granulation tissue formation after stent placement in a canine urethral model. MATERIALS AND METHODS All experiments were approved by the committee of animal research. A total of 12 NFCSs were placed in the proximal and distal urethras of six dogs. Dogs were divided into two groups with 3 dogs each. The control stent (CS) group received NFCSs and the drug stent (DS) group received EW-7197 (1000 μg)-eluting NFCSs. All dogs were sacrificed 8 weeks after stent placement Histologic findings of the stented urethra were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Stent placement was technically successful in all dogs without procedure-related complications. On urethrographic analysis, the mean luminal diameter was significantly larger in the DS group than in the CS group at 4 and 8 weeks after stent placement (all p < 0.001). On histological examination, mean thicknesses of the papillary projection, thickness of submucosal fibrosis, number of epithelial layers, and degree of collagen deposition were significantly lower in the DS group than in the CS group (all p < 0.001), whereas the mean degree of inflammatory cell infiltration was not significantly different (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The EW-7197-eluting NFCS is effective and safe for suppressing granulation tissue formation after stent placement in a canine urethral model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kichang Han
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Park
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Su-Geun Yang
- Department of New Drug Development and WCSL, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SGY); (DHL)
| | - Deok Hee Lee
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SGY); (DHL)
| | - Jiaywei Tsauo
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Yung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Tae Kim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gwon Gang
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ho-Young Song
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim J, Park JC, Lee MH, Yang CE, Lee JH, Lee WJ. High-Mobility Group Box 1 Mediates Fibroblast Activity via RAGE-MAPK and NF-κB Signaling in Keloid Scar Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:E76. [PMID: 29283384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have revealed the involvement of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in systemic fibrotic diseases, yet its role in the cutaneous scarring process has not yet been investigated. We hypothesized that HMGB1 may promote fibroblast activity to cause abnormal cutaneous scarring. In vitro wound healing assay with normal and keloid fibroblasts demonstrated that HMGB1 administration promoted the migration of both fibroblasts with increased speed and a greater traveling distance. Treatment of the HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizic acid (GA) showed an opposing effect on both activities. To analyze the downstream mechanism, the protein levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, protein kinase B (AKT), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) were measured by western blot analysis. HMGB1 increased the expression levels of ERK1/2, AKT, and NF-κB compared to the control, which was suppressed by GA. HMGB1 promoted both normal and keloid fibroblasts migration to a degree equivalent to that achieved with TGF-β. We concluded that HMGB1 activates fibroblasts via the receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE)—mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and NF-κB interaction signaling pathways. Further knowledge of the relationship of HMGB1 with skin fibrosis may lead to a promising clinical approach to manage abnormal scarring.
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Hiwatashi N, Benedict PA, Dion GR, Bing R, Kraja I, Amin MR, Branski RC. SMAD3 expression and regulation of fibroplasia in vocal fold injury. Laryngoscope 2017; 127:E308-E316. [PMID: 28543554 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent reports highlight the efficacy of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting SMAD3 to regulate transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-mediated fibroplasia in vocal fold fibroblasts. The current study sought to investigate SMAD3 expression during wound healing in vivo and quantify the downstream transcriptional events associated with SMAD3 knockdown in vitro. STUDY DESIGN In vivo and in vitro. METHODS Unilateral vocal fold injury was created in a rabbit model. SMAD3 and SMAD7 mRNA expression was quantified at 1 hour and 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90 days following injury. In vitro, multi-gene analysis technology was employed in our immortalized human vocal-fold fibroblast cell line following TGF-β1 stimulation ± SMAD3 knockdown across time points. RESULTS SMAD3 mRNA expression increased following injury; upregulation was significant at 3 and 7 days compared to control (both P < 0.001). SMAD7 mRNA was also upregulated at 3, 7, and 14 days (P = 0.02, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). In vitro, SMAD3 knockdown reduced the expression of multiple profibrotic, TGF-β signaling, and extracellular matrix metabolism genes at 6 and 24 hours following TGF-β1 stimulation. CONCLUSION Cumulatively, these data support SMAD3 as a potential master regulator of TGF-β-mediated fibrosis. SMAD3 transcription peaked 7 days following injury. Multi-gene analysis indicated that the therapeutic effectiveness of SMAD3 knockdown may be related to regulation of downstream mediators of fibroplasia and altered TGF-β signaling. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. Laryngoscope, 127:E308-E316, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Hiwatashi
- NYU Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Peter A Benedict
- NYU Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Gregory R Dion
- NYU Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Renjie Bing
- NYU Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Iv Kraja
- NYU Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Milan R Amin
- NYU Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Ryan C Branski
- NYU Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A
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Mandapalli PK, Labala S, Jose A, Bhatnagar S, Janupally R, Sriram D, Venuganti VVK. Layer-by-Layer Thin Films for Co-Delivery of TGF-β siRNA and Epidermal Growth Factor to Improve Excisional Wound Healing. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:809-820. [PMID: 27350274 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The major challenge with treatment of dermal wounds is accelerating healing process, while preventing the scar formation. Herein, we have fabricated layer-by-layer (LbL) polyelectrolyte multilayer films containing epidermal growth factor (EGF) and TGF-β siRNA to improve excisional wound healing and decrease scar formation. The chitosan and sodium alginate LbL thin films showed 13.0 MPa tensile strength and 2.22 N/cm2 skin adhesion strength. The LbL thin films were found to be cytocompatible, where A431 epidermal keratinocytes adhered to the film and showed 86.2 ± 0.8% cell growth compared with cells cultured in the absence of LbL thin film. In contrast, LbL thin film did not promote the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial colony formation. In a C57BL/6 mouse excisional wound model, application of LbL thin films containing TGF-β siRNA significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the TGF-β protein expression and collagen production. The LbL thin films containing EGF showed improved wound contraction (<9 days post excision). The co-delivery of TGF-β siRNA and EGF using LbL thin films resulted in accelerated wound healing and decreased collagen deposition. Furthermore, the LbL thin films with TGF-β siRNA and EGF combination showed greater reepithelialization. Taken together, we have successfully demonstrated the co-delivery of TGF-β siRNA and EGF peptide using LbL thin films to promote wound healing and decrease scar formation.
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Liu K, Gao Z, Zhou G, Zhang W, Wu X, Liu W. Characterization of Smad3 knockout mouse derived skin cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2017; 53:458-466. [PMID: 28130754 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β plays an important role in skin wound healing process, in which Smad3 acts as a signaling molecule. Smad3 knockout mice exhibit enhanced wound healing and less inflammatory process, but the intrinsic properties of the mouse derived skin cells are generally unexplored. The purpose of this study is to characterize the biological behavior of skin cells derived from Smad3 knockout mice and thus to define the mechanism of this particular wound healing process. Keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts were harvested from the skin of Smad3 knockout (Smad3 KO) and wild-type (WT) mice and in vitro cultured for one and two passages for various experiments. The results showed that KO mouse serum contained significantly higher levels of TGF-β1 and lower level of IL-6 and IL-10 than WT mouse serum (p < 0.05), which were also supported by the same findings of more TGF-β1 and less IL-6 and IL-10 in the supernatant of cultured KO dermal fibroblasts than those of WT cells (p < 0.05). At gene levels, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β1 were significantly less expressed in KO fibroblasts than in WT fibroblasts (p < 0.05). In addition, KO dermal fibroblasts also exhibited stronger migration and proliferation potentials than WT fibroblasts (p < 0.05). Moreover, both KO fibroblasts and keratinocytes showed higher colony-forming efficiency than WT counterparts with significant difference (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that both systemic factors and intrinsic properties of skin cells contribute to enhanced wound healing and less inflammatory reaction observed in Smad3 knock-out mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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Wang X, Gao Z, Wu X, Zhang W, Zhou G, Liu W. Inhibitory effect of TGF-β peptide antagonist on the fibrotic phenotype of human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:1189-1197. [PMID: 26135051 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1059862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT TGF-β plays a central role in hypertrophic scar (HS) formation and development. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the role of a TGF-β antagonist peptide in inhibiting fibrotic behavior of human HS-derived fibroblasts (HSFs). MATERIALS AND METHODS HSFs were seeded at a density of 3.1 × 10(4)/cm(2) and were subjected to treatment of peptide antagonist (30 μM) or TGF-β receptor inhibitor LY2109761 (10 μM) or without treatment followed by the analyses of quantitative PCR, Elisa, in vitro wounding and fibroblast-populated collagen lattice (FPCL) assays. RESULTS qPCR and Elisa analyses showed that the peptide could, respectively, reduce the gene (at 48 h) and protein (at 72 h) expression levels of collagen I (86 ± 4.8%; 56.6 ± 7.3%), collagen III (73 ± 10.7%; 43.7 ± 7.2%), fibronectin (90 ± 8.9%; 21.1 ± 2.8%), and TGF-β1 (85 ± 9.3%; 25.0 ± 9.4%) as opposed to the non-treated group (p < 0.05), as the LY2109761 group similarly did. Cell proliferation was also significantly inhibited at day 5 (CCK-8 assay) by both peptide and LY2109761 treatments compared with the non-treated group (p < 0.05). The peptide also significantly inhibited cell migration as opposed to blank control at 24 h (43 ± 6.7% versus 60 ± 2.1%, p < 0.05) and at 48 h (63.9 ± 3.1% versus 95 ± 4.1%, p < 0.05). Similar to LY2109761, the peptide antagonist significantly reduced HS FPCL contraction compared with the non-treated group with significant differences in surface area at 48 h (0.71 ± 0.06 cm(2) versus 0.51 ± 0.06 cm(2), p < 0.05) and at 72 h (0.65 ± 0.02 cm(2) versus 0.42 ± 0.01 cm(2), p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The TGF-β antagonist peptide may serve as an important drug for HS prevention and reduction given the obvious benefits of good biosafety, low cost, and easy manufacture and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Wang
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China and
| | - Zhen Gao
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China and
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China and
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China and
- b National Tissue Engineering Center of China , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China and
- b National Tissue Engineering Center of China , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China and
- b National Tissue Engineering Center of China , Shanghai , PR China
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Su L, Li X, Wu X, Hui B, Han S, Gao J, Li Y, Shi J, Zhu H, Zhao B, Hu D. Simultaneous deactivation of FAK and Src improves the pathology of hypertrophic scar. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26023. [PMID: 27181267 DOI: 10.1038/srep26023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a serious fibrotic skin condition with currently no satisfactory therapy due to undefined molecular mechanism. FAK and Src are two important non-receptor tyrosine kinases that have been indicated in HS pathogenesis. Here we found both FAK and Src were activated in HS vs. normal skin (NS), NS fibroblasts treated with TGF-β1 also exhibited FAK/Src activation. Co-immunoprecipitation and dual-labelled immunofluorescence revealed an enhanced FAK-Src association and co-localization in HS vs. NS. To examine effects of FAK/Src activation and their interplay on HS pathogenesis, site-directed mutagenesis followed by gene overexpression was conducted. Results showed only simultaneous overexpression of non-phosphorylatable mutant FAK Y407F and phosphomimetic mutant Src Y529E remarkably down-regulated the expression of Col I, Col III and α-SMA in cultured HS fibroblasts, alleviated extracellular matrix deposition and made collagen fibers more orderly in HS tissue vs. the effect from single transfection with wild-type or mutational FAK/Src. Glabridin, a chemical found to block FAK-Src complex formation in cancers, exhibited therapeutic effects on HS pathology probably through co-deactivation of FAK/Src which further resulted in FAK-Src de-association. This study suggests FAK-Src complex could serve as a potential molecular target, and FAK/Src double deactivation might be a novel strategy for HS therapy.
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Zhang GY, Wu LC, Dai T, Chen SY, Wang AY, Lin K, Lin DM, Yang JQ, Cheng B, Zhang L, Gao WY, Li ZJ. NADPH oxidase-2 is a key regulator of human dermal fibroblasts: a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of skin fibrosis. Exp Dermatol 2016; 23:639-44. [PMID: 24981855 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of human skin dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) is a critical step in skin fibrosis, and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) exerts pro-oxidant and fibrogenic effects on HDFs. In addition, the oxidative stress system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of skin disease. However, the role of NADPH oxidase as a mediator of TGF-β1-induced effects in HDFs remains unknown. Thus, our aim was to investigate the role of NADPH in human skin dermal fibroblasts. Primary fibroblasts were cultured and pretreated with various stimulants. Real-time Q-PCR and Western blotting analyses were used for mRNA and protein detection. In addition, siRNA technology was applied for gene knock-down analysis. Hydrogen peroxide production and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) measurement assay were performed. Here, our findings demonstrated that HDFs express key components of non-phagocytic NADPH oxidase mRNA. TGF-β1 induced NOX2 and reactive oxygen species formation via NADPH oxidase activity. In contrast, NOX3 was barely detectable, and other NOXs did not display significant changes. In addition, TGF-β1 phosphorylated MAPKs and increased activator protein-1 (AP-1) in a redox-sensitive manner, and NOX2 suppression inhibited baseline and TGF-β1-mediated stimulation of Smad2 phosphorylation. Moreover, TGF-β1 stimulated cell proliferation, migration, collagen I and fibronectin expression, and bFGF and PAI-1 secretion: these effects were attenuated by diphenylene iodonium (DPI), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, and NOX2 siRNA. Importantly, NOX2 siRNA suppresses collagen production in primary keloid dermal fibroblasts. These findings provide the proof of concept for NADPH oxidase as a potential target for the treatment of skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-You Zhang
- Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wu Y, Peng Y, Gao D, Feng C, Yuan X, Li H, Wang Y, Yang L, Huang S, Fu X. Mesenchymal stem cells suppress fibroblast proliferation and reduce skin fibrosis through a TGF-β3-dependent activation. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2016; 14:50-62. [PMID: 25858630 DOI: 10.1177/1534734614568373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) significantly decreased tissue fibrosis; however, little attention has been paid to its efficacy on attenuating skin fibrosis, and the mechanism involved in its effect is poorly understood. In this work, we investigated the effects of MSCs on keloid fibroblasts and extracellular matrix deposition through paracrine actions and whether the antifibrotic properties of MSCs involved transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-dependent activation. In vitro experiments showed that conditioned media (CM) from MSCs decreased viability, a-smooth muscle actin expression, and collagen secretion of human keloid fibroblasts. In addition, TGF-β3 secreted by MSCs was expressed at high level under inflammatory environment, and blocking the activity of TGF-β3 apparently antagonized the suppressive activity of MSC CM, which demonstrated that TGF-β3 played a preponderant role in preventing collagen accumulation. In vivo studies showed that MSC CM infusion in a mouse dermal fibrosis model induced a significant decrease in skin fibrosis. Histological examination of tissue sections and immunohistochemical analysis for α-smooth muscle actin revealed that TGF-β3 of CM-mediated therapeutic effects could obviously attenuate matrix production and myofibroblast proliferation and differentiation. These findings suggest that TGF-β3 mediates the attenuating effect of MSCs on both the proliferation and extracellular matrix production of human keloid fibroblasts and decreases skin fibrosis of mouse model, thus providing new understanding and MSC-based therapeutic strategy for cutaneous scar treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Peng
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyun Gao
- Dongtai People's Hospital, Dongtai, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiang Feng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohuan Yuan
- Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Houzhong Li
- Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Yang
- Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Li B, Clemons TD, Agarwal V, Kretzmann J, Bradshaw M, Toshniwal P, Smith NM, Li S, Fear M, Wood FM, Swaminathan Iyer K. Regulation of collagen expression using nanoparticle mediated inhibition of TGF-β activation. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03115j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticle for delivery of an effective anti-fibrotic agent in an in vitro model of scarring.
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Qiu SS, Dotor J, Hontanilla B. Effect of P144® (Anti-TGF-β) in an "In Vivo" Human Hypertrophic Scar Model in Nude Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144489. [PMID: 26720517 PMCID: PMC4697841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic scars are one of the most important complications in surgery due to their cosmetic and functional impairments. Previous studies in tissue fibrotic disorders have shown promising results by inhibiting the biological activity effect of Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). The aim of the current study was to determine the clinical effect of the inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling in human hypertrophic scars implanted in nude mice by topical application of an inhibitor of TGF-β1 (P144®). Material and Methods A total of 30 human hypertrophic scars were implanted in 60 nude mice. The animals were divided in two groups, group A (placebo) and group B (treatment). Group C (basal) was considered as the preimplanted scar samples and they were not implanted in the nude mice. After the shedding period, topical application of a lipogel containing placebo (group A) or P144 (group B) was daily administered during two weeks. The animals were sacrificed upon completion of the study. Total area, thickness and collagen fibers area were measure and compared across all groups. Immunohistochemistry was also performed in order to quantify collagen type I and type III and elastic fiber expressions present in the dermis. Results Successful shedding was achieved in 83,3% of the xenografts. The mean time for shedding was 35±5.4 days. Statistically significant differences were found in the total area, collagen fibers area and thickness between the groups. Increased elastic fibers and decreased collagen I were found in the P144-treated group compared to the basal group. Conclusion Topical application of an inhibitor of TGF-β1 may promote scar maturation and clinical improvement of hypertrophic scar morphology features in an “in vivo” model in nude mice after two weeks of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shan Qiu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Bernardo Hontanilla
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Greaves NS, Iqbal SA, Hodgkinson T, Morris J, Benatar B, Alonso‐Rasgado T, Baguneid M, Bayat A. Skin substitute‐assisted repair shows reduced dermal fibrosis in acute human wounds validated simultaneously by histology and optical coherence tomography. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 23:483-94. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S. Greaves
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Institute of Inflammation and RepairThe University of Manchester
- Department of Vascular SurgeryUniversity Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe HospitalManchester
- Bioengineering Group, School of Materials, University of Manchester, andThe Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS TrustThe Royal Oldham HospitalOldham United Kingdom
| | - Syed A. Iqbal
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Institute of Inflammation and RepairThe University of Manchester
| | - Tom Hodgkinson
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Institute of Inflammation and RepairThe University of Manchester
| | - Julie Morris
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation TrustWythenshawe Hospital
| | - Brian Benatar
- Department of Histopathology, The Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS TrustThe Royal Oldham HospitalOldham United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Alonso‐Rasgado
- Bioengineering Group, School of Materials, University of Manchester, andThe Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS TrustThe Royal Oldham HospitalOldham United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Baguneid
- Department of Vascular SurgeryUniversity Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe HospitalManchester
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Institute of Inflammation and RepairThe University of Manchester
- Bioengineering Group, School of Materials, University of Manchester, andThe Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS TrustThe Royal Oldham HospitalOldham United Kingdom
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Greaves NS, Lqbal SA, Morris J, Benatar B, Alonso-Rasgado T, Baguneid M, Bayat A. Acute cutaneous wounds treated with human decellularised dermis show enhanced angiogenesis during healing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0113209. [PMID: 25602294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of skin substitutes upon angiogenesis during wound healing is unclear. OBJECTIVES To compare the angiogenic response in acute cutaneous human wounds treated with autogenic, allogenic and xenogenic skin substitutes to those left to heal by secondary intention. METHODS On day 0, four 5mm full-thickness punch biopsies were harvested from fifty healthy volunteers (sites 1-4). In all cases, site 1 healed by secondary intention (control), site 2 was treated with collagen-GAG scaffold (CG), cadaveric decellularised dermis (DCD) was applied to site 3, whilst excised tissue was re-inserted into site 4 (autograft). Depending on study group allocation, healing tissue from sites 1-4 was excised on day 7, 14, 21 or 28. All specimens were bisected, with half used in histological and immunohistochemical evaluation whilst extracted RNA from the remainder enabled whole genome microarrays and qRT-PCR of highlighted angiogenesis-related genes. All wounds were serially imaged over 6 weeks using laser-doppler imaging and spectrophotometric intracutaneous analysis. RESULTS Inherent structural differences between skin substitutes influenced the distribution and organisation of capillary networks within regenerating dermis. Haemoglobin flux (p = 0.0035), oxyhaemoglobin concentration (p = 0.0005), and vessel number derived from CD31-based immunohistochemistry (p = 0.046) were significantly greater in DCD wounds at later time points. This correlated with time-matched increases in mRNA expression of membrane-type 6 matrix metalloproteinase (MT6-MMP) (p = 0.021) and prokineticin 2 (PROK2) (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION Corroborating evidence from invasive and non-invasive modalities demonstrated that treatment with DCD resulted in increased angiogenesis after wounding. Significantly elevated mRNA expression of pro-angiogenic PROK2 and extracellular matrix protease MT6-MMP seen only in the DCD group may contribute to observed responses.
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Liu K, Gao Z, Wu X, Zhou G, Zhang WJ, Yang X, Liu W. Knocking out Smad3 favors allogeneic mouse fetal skin development in adult wounds. Wound Repair Regen 2014; 22:265-71. [PMID: 24635177 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fetal skin development represents a process of the interaction between skin progenitor cells and their unique extracellular matrix niche, which is also important for the mechanism study of skin progenitor cell differentiation and fetal scarless wound healing. Thus, a change in the niche environment, such as altered expression levels of growth factors or cytokines, may also change the outcome of fetal skin development. This study tested the hypothesis that deletion of mouse Smad3 creates a favorable environment for fetal skin development in adult wounds. Fetal skin of green fluorescent protein mouse (C57BL/B6) of gestational day 16.5 was respectively transplanted to the wound beds of wild-type (WT), heterozygous (HT), and homologous (KO) Smad3 deletion mice (C57BL/B6 × 129SV). The results showed that green fluorescent protein fetal mouse skin after its transplantation developed much better into hair follicle containing skin in KO or HT wound beds than in WT wound beds with significant differences in the number of follicles per mm(2) among the three groups at 1, 2, and 3 weeks posttransplantation (p < 0.05). In addition, less fibrosis was observed in KO wounds than in HT and WT wounds with significant difference in the wound bed thickness among the three groups at 3 weeks posttransplantation (p < 0.05). Interestingly, there was a delayed graft rejection in the KO group when compared with the HT and WT groups. In conclusion, deletion of Smad3 in a wound bed creates a better environment for skin progenitor cell differentiation and fetal skin development. Translation of such a concept to the creation of a wound environment that is favorable for adult stem cell differentiation and skin appendage formation may become an important strategy for the regeneration of wounded skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Research Institute of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhou W, Song H, Park J, Shin JH, Kim JH. WITHDRAWN: Stent Placement in Benign Esophageal Strictures. Gastrointestinal Intervention 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gii.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chen R, Zhang Z, Xue Z, Wang L, Fu M, Lu Y, Bai L, Zhang D, Fan Z. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) siRNA inhibits human hypertrophic scar by suppressing integrin α, TGF-β and α-SMA. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:803-8. [PMID: 24523242 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) on suppressing scarring and the potential molecular mechanism underlying it has been investigated. Ten samples of human hypertrophic scars (HS) tissue cultured in vitro were transfected with FAK siRNA mediated by liposome. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of integrin α, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), FAK and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) after transfection. MTT assay was used as a measure of fibroblast proliferation. Flow cytometry and (3)H-proincorporation technique gave measurements of the cell cycle and the quantity of collagen synthesis, respectively. Expression of FAK was effectively blocked, accompanied by decreasing expression of integrin α, TGF-β and α-SMA in hypertrophic scars fibroblast (HSFB) cells. One to 4 h after transfection with FAK siRNA, proliferation of HSFB cells was strongly inhibited (P < 0.01), reaching a maximum at 48 h. The proportion of G1 cells was higher and the proportion of the S and G2 cells lower after transfection. The amount of collagen synthesis in HSFB cells decreased when HSFB cells were transfected for 48 h. RNA interference targeting the FAK gene can block the two abnormal signal transduction pathways mediated by the integrin and TGF-β receptors that are responsible for hyperplasia and contracture of the scar, making FAK iRNA therapy a potentially effective approach in HS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, 200127
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Monument MJ, Hart DA, Salo PT, Befus AD, Hildebrand KA. Posttraumatic elbow contractures: targeting neuroinflammatory fibrogenic mechanisms. J Orthop Sci 2013; 18:869-77. [PMID: 24005582 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-013-0447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic elbow stiffness remains a common and challenging clinical problem. In the setting of a congruent articular surface, the joint capsule is regarded as the major motion-limiting anatomic structure. The affected joint capsule is characterized by irreversible biomechanical and biochemical fibrogenic changes strikingly similar to those observed in many other fibroproliferative human conditions. Studies in humans and preclinical animal models are providing emergent evidence that neuroinflammatory mechanisms are critical upstream events in the pathogenesis of posttraumatic connective tissue fibrogenesis. Maladaptive recruitment and activation of mast cell infiltrates coupled with the aberrant expression of growth factors such as transforming growth factor-beta, nerve growth factor, and neuropeptides such as substance P are common observations in posttraumatic joint contractures and many other fibroproliferative disorders. Blockade of these factors is providing promising evidence that if treatment is timed correctly, the fibrogenic process can be interrupted or impeded. This review serves to highlight opportunities derived from these recent discoveries across many aberrant fibrogenic disorders as we strive to develop novel, targeted antifibrotic prevention and treatment strategies for posttraumatic elbow stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Monument
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Rm #4260, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA,
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Qu M, Song N, Chai G, Wu X, Liu W. Pathological niche environment transforms dermal stem cells to keloid stem cells: a hypothesis of keloid formation and development. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:807-12. [PMID: 24074897 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Keloid is a disease that is difficult to cure because of its high recurrence rate after chemotherapy or radiotherapy, therefore it is considered as a benign skin tumor. Tumor stem cells are proposed as the source for tumor development and post-therapy recurrence. Interestingly, keloid stem cells have also been discovered, which share some characters with those of skin progenitor cells. Keloid patients possess specific diathesis including genetic predisposition and gene mutation, abnormal levels of hormones, growth factors and cytokines, and strong inflammatory response. This article reviews related literatures and hypothesizes that keloid stem cells might be transformed from normal dermal progenitor cells in the pathological niche of keloid tissues. These keloid stem cells are highly self-renewal and drug resistant, and can sustain themselves by asymmetric division, and continually generate new keloid cells to replenish the cells killed by drugs or radiation, thus leading to over growth of keloid and high post-therapy recurrence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Shanghai Research Institute of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai 200011, China
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Greaves NS, Ashcroft KJ, Baguneid M, Bayat A. Current understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms in fibroplasia and angiogenesis during acute wound healing. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 72:206-17. [PMID: 23958517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing ultimately functions to facilitate barrier restoration following injury-induced loss of skin integrity. It is an evolutionarily conserved, multi-cellular, multi-molecular process involving co-ordinated inter-play between complex signalling networks. Cellular proliferation is recognised as the third stage of this sequence. Within this phase, fibroplasia and angiogenesis are co-dependent processes which must be successfully completed in order to form an evolving extracellular matrix and granulation tissue. The resultant structures guide cellular infiltration, differentiation and secretory profile within the wound environment and consequently have major influence on the success or failure of wound healing. This review integrates in vitro, animal and human in vivo studies, to provide up to date descriptions of molecular and cellular interactions involved in fibroplasia and angiogenesis. Significant molecular networks include adhesion molecules, proteinases, cytokines and chemokines as well as a plethora of growth factors. These signals are produced by, and affect behaviour of, cells including fibroblasts, fibrocytes, keratinocytes, endothelial cells and inflammatory cells resulting in significant cellular phenotypic and functional plasticity, as well as controlling composition and remodelling of structural proteins including collagen and fibronectin. The interdependent relationship between angiogenesis and fibroplasia relies on dynamic reciprocity between cellular components, matrix proteins and bioactive molecules. Unbalanced regulation of any one component can have significant consequences resulting in delayed healing, chronic wounds or abnormal scar formation. Greater understanding of angiogenic and fibroplastic mechanisms underlying chronic wound pathogenesis has identified novel therapeutic targets and enabled development of improved treatment strategies including topical growth factors and skin substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Greaves
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, UK; The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University Hospital South Manchester Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
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CAI ZHIGANG, LI HAITAO, ZHANG HEFANG, HAN SHUO, AN RUIJIN, YAN XIXIN. Novel insights into the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in the pathogenesis of human post-intubation tracheal stenosis. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:903-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Sereysky JB, Flatow EL, Andarawis-Puri N. Musculoskeletal regeneration and its implications for the treatment of tendinopathy. Int J Exp Pathol 2013; 94:293-303. [PMID: 23772908 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathies are common muskoloskeletal injuries that lead to pain and disability. Development and pathogenesis of tendinopathy is attributed to progressive pathological changes to the structure, function, and biology of tendon. The nature of this disease state, whether acquired by acute or chronic injury, is being actively investigated. Scarring, disorganized tissue, and loss of function characterize adult tendon healing. Recent work from animal models has begun to reveal the potential for adult mammalian tendon regeneration, the replacement of diseased with innate tissue. This review discusses what is known about musculoskeletal regeneration from a molecular perspective and how these findings can be applied to tendinopathy. Non-mammalian and mammalian models are discussed with emphasis on the potential of Murphy Roths Large mice to serve as a model of adult tendon regeneration. Comparison of regeneration in non-mammals, foetal mammals and adult mammals emphasizes distinctly different contributing factors to effective regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedd B Sereysky
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The repair of wounds usually terminates with a scar. The healing from a severe tissue loss can create a new clinical problem, excessive scarring. Approaches to prevent excessive scarring will optimize the repair process. Controlling gap-junction communications between cells and/or the transport of the proteins that form gap junctions offers new approaches for controlling this problem. RECENT ADVANCES Gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) requires hemichannels, connexon structures, embedded in the plasma membrane of coupled cells. The connexon is composed of six proteins from the connexin (Cx) family. The docking of connexons between the neighboring cells forms a gated channel, where small molecules can pass directly between the cytoplasm of cells. In wound repair, GJIC between fibroblasts in granulation tissue advances wound repair. Also, the GJIC between mast cells and fibroblasts during the remodeling phase of repair may explain how mast cells promote excessive scarring. In addition, Cx can affect transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) intracellular signaling through its shared binding site on microtubules within fibroblasts. CRITICAL ISSUES Can excessive scarring be controlled through limiting the local amassing of mast cells or preventing their interactions with wound fibroblasts through GJIC? FUTURE DIRECTIONS The prevention of the accumulation of mast cells in granulation tissue or interfering with their communications via GJIC with fibroblasts offers new approaches for preventing excess scarring. The association of Cx with microtubules altering TGF-β signaling presents a new target for improving the quality of repair as well as the deposition of unnecessary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Paul Ehrlich
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Kim EY, Song HY, Kim JH, Fan Y, Park S, Kim DK, Lee EW, Na HK. IN-1233–eluting Covered Metallic Stent to Prevent Hyperplasia: Experimental Study in a Rabbit Esophageal Model. Radiology 2013; 267:396-404. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.12120361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yüzbaşıoğlu E. Reverse activated hyrax pressure appliance for treatment of a keloid located at auricula helix. J Prosthodont 2013; 22:509-12. [PMID: 23551793 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloids are considered aberrations of the wound healing process, and various treatment regimens are described depending on the morphology and size of the lesion. Compression therapy using custom-made pressure clips or splints is widely used for the treatment of keloids. The most common complication of this therapy is ulceration due to excessive soft tissue pressure, resulting in delays and prolonged treatment time. This article describes the fabrication of a custom-made pressure appliance for the treatment of a keloid located at the auricle helix. The pressure appliance can be modified to fit the auricle helix and covers the area needing pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Yüzbaşıoğlu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Turkey.
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Kim EY, Park YS, Shin JH, Cho YJ, Shin DH, Yoon HK, Song HY. The effectiveness of erythromycin in reducing stent-related tissue hyperplasia: an experimental study with a rat esophageal model. Acta Radiol 2012; 53:868-73. [PMID: 22855416 DOI: 10.1258/ar.2012.120351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythromycin is not only a potent antibiotic; it also has effects of reduction of inflammation and suppression of protein synthesis. PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of erythromycin on tissue hyperplasia after stent placement in a rat esophageal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 21 rats were included. After placement of self-expanding stents in the mid esophagus, the rats were divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The rats in the experimental groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of erythromycin for 5 weeks; 4 mg/kg (group A, n = 7) and 8 mg/kg (group B, n = 7). Those in the control group (n = 7) received 1 mL of saline intraperitoneally. After sacrifice, histologic analysis was done for thickness of the papillary projection, granulation tissue area, percentage of granulation tissue area, and degree of inflammatory cell infiltration. The statistical significance of differences between groups was assessed by Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Tissue hyperplasia as reflected in thickness of papillary projection, granulation tissue area, and percentage of granulation tissue area, was higher in the control group than in the experimental groups, although there was no statistical significance (P = 1.00, 0.332, and 0.263, respectively). However, degree of inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly lower in the experimental groups than the control group (P = 0.025), and the higher dosage of erythromycin reduced inflammatory cell infiltration significantly (P = 0.037). CONCLUSION Intraperitoneal administration of erythromycin is very effective in reducing inflammation after stent placement in a rat esophageal model but has no significant effect on granulation tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Kim
- Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul
| | - Yang Shin Park
- Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul
| | - Ji Hoon Shin
- Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul
| | - Young Jun Cho
- Department of Radiology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Shin
- Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul
| | - Hyun-Ki Yoon
- Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul
| | - Ho-Young Song
- Departments of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul
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