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Mortazavi SA, Haghani M, Vafapour H, Ghadimi-Moghadam A, Yarbakhsh H, Eslami J, Yarbakhsh R, Zarei S, Rastegarian N, Shams SF, Darvish L, Mohammadi S. Should Parents Allow Their Children Use Smartphones and Tablets? The Issue of Screen Time for Recreational Activities. J Biomed Phys Eng 2023; 13:563-572. [PMID: 38148959 PMCID: PMC10749417 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that children are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) and blue light emitted from digital screens compared to healthy adults. This paper presents the findings of a cross-sectional study conducted in Yasuj, Iran, to investigate the screen time habits of children and adolescents and its potential impact on their health. A total of 63 participants, including 44 boys and 19 girls, were randomly selected for the study. The results showed that the average daily screen time for the children was 87.38 minutes, with a standard deviation of 49.58. When examining the specific purposes of screen time, it was found that the children spent an average of 17.54 minutes per day on screens for school assignments, 70 minutes per day for recreational purposes, and 23.41 minutes per day for contacting family, friends, and relatives. Our study highlights that a significant portion of the children's screen time was allocated to recreational activities. We observed some differences in screen time between girls and boys. Boys had a slightly higher overall daily screen time, primarily driven by more recreational screen time. However, girls spent slightly more time on screens for school assignments. The screen time for social interactions was similar for both genders. Our findings on the cognitive performance of children with different levels of screen time will be published in a separate paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Haghani
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Vafapour
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Helia Yarbakhsh
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Jamshid Eslami
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Yarbakhsh
- Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Zarei
- Student Research Committee, School of Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Niloofar Rastegarian
- Department of Speech Pathology, School of Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Fateme Shams
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Valiasr Hospital, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Leili Darvish
- MVLS College, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Sahar Mohammadi
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Azmoonfar R, Khosravi H, Rafieemehr H, Mirzaei F, Dastan D, Ghiasvand MR, Khorshidi L, Pashaki AS. Radioprotective effect of Malva sylvestris L. against radiation-induced liver, kidney and intestine damages in rat: A histopathological study. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101455. [PMID: 36969320 PMCID: PMC10031346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ionizing radiation (IR) is widely used in the treatment of cancer in radiotherapy. One of the main concerns of patients with gastrointestinal cancers undergoing radiotherapy is the harmful side effects of IR on normal tissues. The liver, kidney, and duodenum are usually exposed to high doses of radiation in the treatment of some cancers in abdominal region radiotherapy. We aimed to assess the radioprotective effects of Malva sylvestris L. against IR damages to the abdominal region. Materials and methods This current study was conducted on 45 rats divided randomly into nine groups of five: A) negative control group, B) sham group, C) irradiation group, D) mallow treatment-1(200gr/kg), E) mallow treatment-2(400gr/kg), F) mallow treatment-3(600gr/kg), G) mallow treatment-4(200gr/kg) plus irradiation, H) mallow treatment-5(400gr/kg) plus irradiation, I) mallow treatment-6(600gr/kg) plus irradiation. Irradiation was performed with a 6Gy x-ray. Histopathological evaluations were performed 10 days after irradiation. Results The histopathological examination results confirmed that preventive therapy with the effective dose of mallow reduced the liver, kidney, and intestine damage induced by radiation. The dose of 400 mg/kg was more effective than other selected dose in improving the damage caused by irradiation in the studied tissues. Conclusion This study concludes that Malva sylvestris L. contributed to significant improvements in radiation-induced histological parameters of the liver and kidney and, to a lesser extent, in the intestine. These results collectively indicate that mallow is an effective radioprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Azmoonfar
- Department of Radiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khosravi
- Department of Radiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hassan Rafieemehr
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mirzaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Dara Dastan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Ghiasvand
- Department of Radiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Lavin Khorshidi
- Department of Radiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolazim Sedighi Pashaki
- Department of Radiooncology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Mumtaz S, Rana JN, Choi EH, Han I. Microwave Radiation and the Brain: Mechanisms, Current Status, and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9288. [PMID: 36012552 PMCID: PMC9409438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern humanity wades daily through various radiations, resulting in frequent exposure and causing potentially important biological effects. Among them, the brain is the organ most sensitive to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure. Despite numerous correlated studies, critical unknowns surround the different parameters used, including operational frequency, power density (i.e., energy dose), and irradiation time that could permit reproducibility and comparability between analyses. Furthermore, the interactions of EMR with biological systems and its precise mechanisms remain poorly characterized. In this review, recent approaches examining the effects of microwave radiations on the brain, specifically learning and memory capabilities, as well as the mechanisms of brain dysfunction with exposure as reported in the literature, are analyzed and interpreted to provide prospective views for future research directed at this important and novel medical technology for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies on brain degeneration caused by microwave radiation. Additionally, the interactions of microwaves with biological systems and possible mechanisms are presented in this review. Treatment with natural products and safe techniques to reduce harm to organs have become essential components of daily life, and some promising techniques to treat cancers and their radioprotective effects are summarized as well. This review can serve as a platform for researchers to understand the mechanism and interactions of microwave radiation with biological systems, the present scenario, and prospects for future studies on the effect of microwaves on the brain.
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Mortazavi SMJ, Taheri M, Paknahad M, Khandadash S. Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields Emitted from Mobile Phones and Wi-Fi Router on the Growth Rate and Susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis to Antibiotics. J Biomed Phys Eng 2022; 12:387-394. [PMID: 36059281 PMCID: PMC9395628 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last decade, people have been dramatically exposed to radiation emitted from widely-used radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) generating devices. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exposure to RF-EMF emitted from smart phones and Wi-Fi routers on the growth rate and antibiotic sensitivity of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) as a pathogen in the root canals of teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this experimental study, E. faecalis ATCC 19115 was used, characterized and confirmed by morphological and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test was measured for several common antibiotics. To perform antibiotic susceptibility tests, disk diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method on Mueller-Hinton agar plates was used before and after exposure to RF-EMFs emitted from a commercial Wi-Fi router or a mobile phone simulator. Moreover, we measured the optical density at 625 nm after different exposure times using a calibrated UV-visible spectrophotometer to evaluate the effect of RF-EMF exposure on the bacterial growth rate. RESULTS Exposure to RF-EMF significantly altered the antimicrobial sensitivity of the E. faecalis. While, the susceptibility of the bacteria decreased significantly after 6 h of exposure, longer exposure time (e.g. exposure for 24 h) increased the susceptibility of the bacteria to all antibiotics. Furthermore, it was found that the bacteria tended to regress to their early state. Moreover, the non-exposed E. faecalis showed a slower growth rate than the bacteria exposed to RF-EMFs. CONCLUSION Exposure to RF-EMF emitted by Wi-Fi routers or mobile phone simulator can significantly change the antibiotic susceptibility and growth rate of E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- PhD, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, United States
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- PhD, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Paknahad
- DDS, Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- DDS, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Salar Khandadash
- MSc, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Fereidouni F, Mohammadi ST, Faramarzi Shahraki V, Jahantigh F. Human Health Risk Assessment of 4-12 GHz Radar Waves using CST STUDIO SUITE Software. J Biomed Phys Eng 2022; 12:285-296. [PMID: 35698536 PMCID: PMC9175128 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of radar systems in telecommunications and aerospace science is important. However, engineering department's staff various tissues are always under chronic radiation generated by the radar fields which may affect health. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the risk of radar wave exposure and to explore the effects and limitations. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this simulation study, an adult body model versus 1 watt source with a distance of 50 centimeters exposure has been simulated using the CST STUDIO SUITE. Furthermore, various physical and electrical properties of each tissue and organ for different frequencies and exposure times have been studied. The exposure dose limitations have been considered using the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) safety and health guide report. RESULTS Total body absorbed doses for 4 GHz, 8 GHz, and 12 GHz frequency, and 6 min, 4 h, and 30 days exposure time, have been calculated as 1.136×10-5, 1.598×10-5, 1.58×10-3, 1.521×10-5, 3.122×10-5, 4.52×10-3, 4.1×10-5, 10-4, and 10-2, respectively. CONCLUSION It has shown that the internal organs of the body and head will be under more risk by reducing radar frequencies from 12 GHz to 4 GHz. On the other hand, the higher frequency can cause a higher risk to the human skin. In addition, the maximum Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) for each case has been calculated. The results show that for this normalized source, the safety criteria have been respected, but for a higher source, the calculations must be repeated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Fereidouni
- MD, Emam Sajad Hospital Clinical Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Seyed Taghi Mohammadi
- PhD, Department of Physics, Center of Basic Science, Khatam ol-Anbia (PBU) University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Jahantigh
- PhD, Department of Physics, Center of Basic Science, Khatam ol-Anbia (PBU) University, Tehran, Iran
- PhD, Atomic and Molecular Group, Faculty of Physics, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
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Aghajari S, Mortazavi SMJ, Kalani M, Nematolahi S, Habibzadeh P, Farjadian S. The Immunomodulatory Effect of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field on Serum Cytokine Levels in A Mouse Model of Hindlimb Unloading. Cell J 2020; 22:401-405. [PMID: 32347032 PMCID: PMC7211291 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.6856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Astronauts are exposed to a wide range of environmental stresses during spaceflights that reduce their
immune responses and make them more susceptible to infections and malignancies. Exposure to a low dose of a
certain stress induces an adaptive response, which leads to resistance to higher doses of the same or other types
of stress. We designed this study to investigate the effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF)-induced
adaptive response on immune system modulation in a mouse model of hindlimb unloading (HU) as a ground-based
animal model of spaceflight conditions.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, serum levels of T helper (Th)-mediated cytokines were determined
by the multiplex cytometric bead assay in four groups of mice (n=10 per group): HU mice, RF-EMF-treated mice, HU
mice pre-exposed to RF-EMF; and untreated controls. Mice were exposed to 2450 MHz RF-EMF with SAR 0.478 W/
kg for 12 hours/day for three successive days.
Results Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-9 (IL-9) and IL-22 were significantly decreased in HU mice.
Comparison between HU mice and RF-EMF-treated mice showed an opposite change in IL-6, while IL-9, IL-22, IFN-γ
and TNF-α decreased in both groups. However, just interferon gamma (IFN-γ) was significantly decreased in HU mice
that were pre-exposed to RF-EMF compared to the control group.
Conclusion The effect of RF-EMF in elevating IL-6 and reducing IL-9 in opposite directions in HU mice suggest a
modulating effect of RF-EMF on HU-induced changes in these cytokines, as Th2 and Th9 eventually returned to normal
levels and balances in cytokine ratios were also restored in HU mice pre-exposed to RF-EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Aghajari
- Department of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Kalani
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Nematolahi
- Department of Biostatistics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parham Habibzadeh
- R and D Department, Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shirin Farjadian
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Electronic Address:
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S M J M, S A R M, M H. Evaluation of the Validity of a Nonlinear J-Shaped Dose-Response Relationship in Cancers Induced by Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields. J Biomed Phys Eng 2019; 9:487-494. [PMID: 31531303 PMCID: PMC6709354 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) produced by widely used mobile phones are classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Current data on the relationship between exposure to RF-EMFs generated by commercial mobile phones and brain cancer are controversial. Our studies show that this controversy may be caused by several parameters. However, it seems that the magnitude of exposure to RF-EMFs plays a basic role in RF-induced carcinogenesis. There is some evidence indicating that, in a similar pattern with ionizing radiation, the carcinogenesis of non-ionizing RF-EMF may have a nonlinear dose-response relationship. In this paper, the evidence which supports a nonlinear J-shaped dose-response relationship is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mortazavi S M J
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mortazavi S A R
- Student research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Haghani M
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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J E, Gh M, S A R M, M P. Effects of Dietary Green Tea Polyphenol Supplementation on the Health of Workers Exposed to High-voltage Power Lines. J Biomed Phys Eng 2019; 9:257-258. [PMID: 31341870 PMCID: PMC6613152 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v9i3jun.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eslami J
- Anesthesiology Department, School of Nursing, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mortazavi Gh
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mortazavi S A R
- Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Paknahad M
- Assistant Professor of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mortazavi SMJ, Dehghani Nazhvani A, Paknahad M. Synergistic Effect of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields of Dental Light Cure Devices and Mobile Phones Accelerates the Microleakage of Amalgam Restorations: An in vitro Study. J Biomed Phys Eng 2019; 9:227-232. [PMID: 31214528 PMCID: PMC6538905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that exposure to electromagnetic fields produced by magnetic resonance imaging or mobile phones can lead to increased microleakage of dental amalgam. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of electromagnetic field of a commercial dental light cure device and a common GSM mobile phone on microleakage of amalgam restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Identical class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 60 non-carious extracted human teeth. The samples were randomly divided into 4 groups of 20 samples each. The samples in the first group were not exposed to electromagnetic fields, while the second and the third groups were exposed to electromagnetic fields produced by a commercial light cure device, or mobile phone radiation (60 min), respectively. The fourth group was exposed to electromagnetic radiations emitted by both mobile phone for 60 min and light cure device. Then, teeth samples were scored for microleakage according to a standard dye penetration protocol by examination under a stereomicroscope. RESULTS The mean score of microleakage in the fourth group (light cure + mobile phone) was significantly higher than that of the control group (P =0.030). Moreover, the scores of microleakage in this group were significantly higher than that of the second group (light cure only) (P= 0.043). CONCLUSION Exposure of amalgam restorations to electromagnetic fields produced by both light cure devices and mobile phones can synergistically increase the microleakage of amalgam restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M J Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Dehghani Nazhvani
- Biomaterial Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - M Paknahad
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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Mortazavi SAR, Parhoodeh S, Hosseini MA, Arabi H, Malakooti H, Nematollahi S, Mortazavi G, Darvish L, Mortazavi SMJ. Blocking Short-Wavelength Component of the Visible Light Emitted by Smartphones' Screens Improves Human Sleep Quality. J Biomed Phys Eng 2018; 8:375-380. [PMID: 30568927 PMCID: PMC6280115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that short-wavelength blue component of the visible light spectrum can alter the circadian rhythm and suppress the level of melatonin hormone. The short-wavelength light emitted by smartphones' screens can affect the sleep quality of the people who use these devices at night through suppression of melatonin. OBJECTIVES In this study, we examined the effects of covering the screens of smartphones with different filters (changing the effective wavelength of the light) on sleep delay time in 43 healthy students. MATERIALS AND METHODS Volunteer students were asked to go to bed at 23:00 and to use their mobile phones in bed for watching a natural life documentary movie for 60 minutes. No filter was used for one night while amber and blue filters were used for other 2 nights. Photospectrometry method was used to determine the output spectrum of the light passing through the filters used for covering the screens of the mobile phones. The order for utilizing amber or blue filters or using no filter was selected randomly. After 1 hour, the participants were asked to record their sleep delay time measured by a modified form of sleep time record sheet. RESULTS The mean sleep delay time for the "no-filter" night was 20.84±9.15 minutes, while the sleep delay times for the nights with amber and blue filters were 15.26±1.04 and 26.33±1.59 minutes, respectively. CONCLUSION The findings obtained in this study support this hypothesis that blue light possibly suppresses the secretion of melatonin more than the longer wavelengths of the visible light spectrum. Using amber filter in this study significantly improved the sleep quality. Altogether, these findings lead us to this conclusion that blocking the short-wavelength component of the light emitted by smartphones' screens improves human sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A R Mortazavi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Parhoodeh
- Physics Department, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M A Hosseini
- Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - H Arabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - H Malakooti
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Nematollahi
- Biostatistics Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - G Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - L Darvish
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Para-Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - S M J Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Arjmandi N, Mortazavi G, Zarei S, Faraz M, Mortazavi SAR. Can Light Emitted from Smartphone Screens and Taking Selfies Cause Premature Aging and Wrinkles? J Biomed Phys Eng 2018; 8:447-452. [PMID: 30568934 PMCID: PMC6280109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Since the early days of human life on the Earth, our skin has been exposed to different levels of light. Recently, due to inevitable consequences of modern life, humans are not exposed to adequate levels of natural light during the day but they are overexposed to relatively high levels of artificial light at night. Skin is a major target of oxidative stress and the link between aging and oxidative stress is well documented. Especially, extrinsic skin aging can be caused by oxidative stress. The widespread use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and the rapidly increasing use of smartphones, tablets, laptops and desktop computers have led to a significant rise in the exposure of human eyes to short-wavelength visible light. Recent studies show that exposure of human skin cells to light emitted from electronic devices, even for exposures as short as 1 hour, may cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, and necrosis. The biological effects of exposure to short-wavelength visible light in blue region in humans and other living organisms were among our research priorities at the Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC). Today, there is a growing concern over the safety of the light sources such as LEDs with peak emissions in the blue light range (400-490 nm). Recent studies aimed at investigating the effect of exposure to light emitted from electronic device on human skin cells, shows that even short exposures can increase the generation of reactive oxygen species. However, the biological effects of either long-term or repeated exposures are not fully known, yet. Furthermore, there are reports indicating that frequent exposure to visible light spectrum of the selfie flashes may cause skin damage and accelerated skin ageing. In this paper we have addressed the different aspects of potential effects of exposure to the light emitted from smartphones' digital screens as well as smartphones' photoflashes on premature aging of the human skin. Specifically, the effects of blue light on eyes and skin are discussed. Based on current knowledge, it can be suggested that changing the spectral output of LED-based smartphones' flashes can be introduced as an effective method to reduce the adverse health effects associated with exposure to blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arjmandi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gh Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Zarei
- Student Research Committee, School of Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Faraz
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S A R Mortazavi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Ghadimi-Moghadam A, Mortazavi SMJ, Hosseini-Moghadam A, Haghani M, Taeb S, Hosseini MA, Rastegariyan N, Arian F, Sanipour L, Aghajari S, Mortazavi SAR, Soofi A, Dizavandi MR. Does Exposure to Static Magnetic Fields Generated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanners Raise Safety Problems for Personnel? J Biomed Phys Eng 2018; 8:333-336. [PMID: 30320037 PMCID: PMC6169123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
MRI workers are occupationally exposed to static and time-varying gradient magnetic fields. While the 24-hour time-averaged exposure to static magnetic fields is about a few mT, the maximum static field strength can be as high as 500 mT during patient setup. Over the past several years, our laboratory has performed extensive experiments on the health effects of exposure of animal models and humans to different sources of electromagnetic fields such as cellular phones, mobile base stations, mobile phone jammers, laptop computers, radars, dentistry cavitrons and MRI. This study is to investigate the adverse health effects in MRI workers and also to assess the effect of exposure of MRI workers to static magnetic fields on their cognitive functions. In the first phase of this study a questionnaire was designed to collect information from 120 MRI personnel. The collection of data about the adverse health effects was based on self-reporting by the participants. In the second phase, 47 volunteer university students were asked to continuously move around a 1.5 T MRI scanner. Visual reaction time and working memory tests were performed on all participants before and after the experiment. Forward digit span and backward digit span were used for assessing the working memory. Furthermore, participants were asked to report the symptoms they had experienced during the movement. The first phase of our study showed increased frequencies of adverse health effects in MRI workers. In this study the rates of self-reported symptoms such as a headache, sleep problems, myalgia, palpitation, fatigue, concentration problems, attention problems, nervousness and backpain were possibly affected by static magnetic field. Furthermore we found that reaction time and working memory could be influenced by the movements of the body around a MRI scanner. It can be concluded that movement through a high magnetic field can also lead to some adverse cognitive effects in MRI staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghadimi-Moghadam
- Pediatric Infectious Ward, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S M J Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Hosseini-Moghadam
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Haghani
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Taeb
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M A Hosseini
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Rastegariyan
- Speech and Language Pathology Department, School of Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F Arian
- M.Sc Student in Radiobiology and Protection, Paramedical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - L Sanipour
- M.Sc Student in Radiobiology and Protection, Paramedical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Aghajari
- M.Sc Student in Radiobiology and Protection, Paramedical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S A R Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Soofi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M R Dizavandi
- MRI Department, Shahid Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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A. M, M.B. S, S. N, S.M.J. M, A.R. M. Effect of Microwave Wi-Fi Radiation at Frequency of 2.4 GHz on Epileptic Behavior of Rats. J Biomed Phys Eng 2018; 8:185-192. [PMID: 29951445 PMCID: PMC6015645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electromagnetic fields (EMF) with different intensities are widely used at home, offices and public places.Today, there is a growing global concern about the effects of human exposure to EMFs. Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological diseases, affecting 50 million people of all ages worldwide. We aimed to investigate the effect of exposure to Wi-Fi radiation on epileptic behavior of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS 147 male rats, weighing 200-250 g, were divided into seven groups; negative control (no intervention), sham 1(distilled water), positive control (Pentylentetrazol [PTZ]), intervention group 1 (PTZ + Wi-Fi "off"), sham 2 (distilled water + Wi-Fi "off"), sham 3 (distilled water + Wi-Fi "on"), and intervention group 2 (PTZ + Wi-Fi "on"). The rats were exposed to Wi-Fi for 2h at a distance of 30cm from a commercial Wi-Fi router. Convulsive behaviors of rats were monitored and scored based on the intensity and type by measuring latency/threshold time, number of convulsions, sum of scores and durations of seizure, and duration of score 6 seizure. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Convulsion was observed in interventions Group 4 and Group 7, and positive control. The mean number of events, and sum of scores were significantly different in intervention 2 than other two groups. However, the differences in mean threshold, mean sum of durations and " time to show convulsion with score 6 " were not statistically significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Due to limitations of our study including the sample size, these findings should be interpreted with caution. In this study, exposure to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation showed significant beneficial effects on the epileptic behaviour of rats. More experiments are needed to verify if these exposures can be used as a therapeutic approach for amelioration of seizures in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoudi A.
- Medical Student, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shojaeifard M.B.
- Physiology Department, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
,Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nematollahii S.
- Biostatistic Department, Medical sciences Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mortazavi S.M.J.
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdizadeh A.R.
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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14
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Mortazavi G, Mortazavi SAR, Mehdizadeh AR. "Triple M" Effect: A Proposed Mechanism to Explain Increased Dental Amalgam Microleakage after Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation. J Biomed Phys Eng 2018; 8:141-146. [PMID: 29732349 PMCID: PMC5928305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A large body of evidence now indicates that the amount of mercury released from dental amalgam fillings can be significantly accelerated by exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) such as common mobile phones and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Studies performed on the increased microleakage of dental amalgam restorations after exposure to RF-EMFs have further supported these findings. Although the accelerated microleakage induced by RF-EMFs is clinically significant, the entire mechanisms of this phenomenon are not clearly understood. In this paper, we introduce "Triple M" effect, a new evidence-based theory which can explain the accelerated microleakage of dental amalgam fillings after exposure to different sources of electromagnetic radiation. Based on this theory, there are saliva-filled tiny spaces between amalgam and the tooth. Exposure of the oral cavity to RF-EMFs increases the energy of these small amounts of saliva. Due to the small mass of saliva in these tiny spaces, a small amount of energy will be required for heating. Moreover, reflection of the radiofrequency radiation on the inner walls of the tiny spaces causes interference which in turn produces some "hot spots" in these spaces. Finally, formation of gas bubbles in response to increased temperature and very rapid expansion of these bubbles will accelerate the microleakage of amalgam. Experiments that confirm the validity of this theory are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gh Mortazavi
- Dentist, Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S A R Mortazavi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A R Mehdizadeh
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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Mortazavi SMJ, Mortazavi SAR, Paknahad M. Evaluation of the potential of mobile phone specific electromagnetic fields (UMTS) to produce micronuclei in human glioblastoma cell lines. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 44:414-415. [PMID: 28778768 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M J Mortazavi
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S A R Mortazavi
- Student of Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Paknahad
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Oral and Maxillofacial Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Abstract
The effects of ionizing radiation to human health are of great concern in the field of space exploration and for patients considering radiotherapy. However, to date, the effect of high-dose radiation on metabolism in the liver has not been clearly defined. In this study, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics combined with multivariate data analysis was applied to study the changes of metabolism in the liver of C57BL/6 mouse after whole-body gamma (3.0 and 7.8 Gy) or proton (3.0 Gy) irradiation. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures analysis (OPLS) were used for classification and identification of potential biomarkers associated with exposure to gamma and proton radiation. The results show that the radiation exposed groups can be well separated from the control group. Where the same dose was received, the proton exposed group was nevertheless well separated from the gamma-exposed group, indicating that different radiation sources induce different alterations in the metabolic profile. Common among all high-dose gamma and proton exposed groups were the statistically decreased concentrations of choline, O-phosphocholine and trimethylamine N-oxide, while the concentrations of glutamine, glutathione, malate, creatinine, phosphate, betaine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate were statistically and significantly elevated. Since these altered metabolites are associated with multiple biological pathways, the results suggest that radiation induces abnormality in multiple biological pathways. In particular, metabolites such as 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, betaine, glutamine, choline and trimethylamine N-oxide may be prediagnostic biomarkers candidates for ionizing exposure of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjie Xiao
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mary Hu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Jian Zhi Hu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
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17
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Eghlidospour M, Ghanbari A, Mortazavi SMJ, Azari H. Effects of radiofrequency exposure emitted from a GSM mobile phone on proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of neural stem cells. Anat Cell Biol 2017; 50:115-123. [PMID: 28713615 PMCID: PMC5509895 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2017.50.2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the importance of neural stem cells (NSCs) in plasticity of the nervous system and treating neurodegenerative diseases, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency radiation emitted from a GSM 900-MHz mobile phone with different exposure duration on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of adult murine NSCs in vitro. We used neurosphere assay to evaluate NSCs proliferation, and immunofluorescence assay of neural cell markers to examine NSCs differentiation. We also employed alamarBlue and caspase 3 apoptosis assays to assess harmful effects of mobile phone on NSCs. Our results showed that the number and size of resulting neurospheres and also the percentage of cells differentiated into neurons decreased significantly with increasing exposure duration to GSM 900-MHz radiofrequency (RF)-electromagnetic field (EMF). In contrast, exposure to GSM 900-MHz RF-EMF at different durations did not influence cell viability and apoptosis of NSCs and also their astrocytic differentiation. It is concluded that accumulating dose of GSM 900-MHz RF-EMF might have devastating effects on NSCs proliferation and neurogenesis requiring more causations in terms of using mobile devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Eghlidospour
- Neural Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Shiraz School of Medicine, Shiraz Stem Cell Institute, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Ghanbari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Azari
- Neural Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Shiraz School of Medicine, Shiraz Stem Cell Institute, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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18
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Taheri M, Darabyan M, Izadbakhsh E, Nouri F, Haghani M, Mortazavi S, Mortazavi G, Mortazavi S, Moradi M. Exposure to Visible Light Emitted from Smartphones and Tablets Increases the Proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus: Can this be Linked to Acne? J Biomed Phys Eng 2017; 7:163-168. [PMID: 28580338 PMCID: PMC5447253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to rapid advances in modern technologies such as telecommunication technology, the world has witnessed an exponential growth in the use of digital handheld devices (e.g. smartphones and tablets). This drastic growth has resulted in increased global concerns about the safety of these devices. Smartphones, tablets, laptops, and other digital screens emit high levels of short-wavelength visible light (i.e. blue color region in the visible light spectrum). MATERIAL AND METHODS At a dark environment, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were exposed to the light emitted from common tablets/smartphones. The control samples were exposed to the same intensity of light generated by a conventional incandescent light bulb. The growth rate of bacteria was examined by measuring the optical density (OD) at 625 nm by using a spectrophotometer before the light exposure and after 30 to 330 minutes of light exposure. RESULTS The growth rates of bacteria in both smartphone and tablet groups were higher than that of the control group and the maximum smartphone/control and tablet/control growth ratios were observed in samples exposed to digital screens' light for 300 min (ratios of 3.71 and 3.95, respectively). CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the effect of exposure to light emitted from digital screens on the proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus and its association with acne pathogenesis. Our findings show that exposure to short-wavelength visible light emitted from smartphones and tablets can increase the proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Taheri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M. Darabyan
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - E. Izadbakhsh
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F. Nouri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Haghani
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S.A.R. Mortazavi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - G. Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S.M.J. Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
,Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Moradi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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19
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Parsaei H, Faraz M, Mortazavi SMJ. A Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network–Based Model for Predicting Subjective Health Symptoms in People Living in the Vicinity of Mobile Phone Base Stations. Ecopsychology 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/eco.2017.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Parsaei
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Faraz
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. M. J. Mortazavi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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20
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Mortazavi SMJ, Mortazavi SA, Paknahad M. Association between electromagnetic field exposure and abortion in pregnant women living in Tehran. Int J Reprod Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.15.2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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21
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Mokarram P, Sheikhi M, Mortazavi SMJ, Saeb S, Shokrpour N. Effect of Exposure to 900 MHz GSM Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Radiation on Estrogen Receptor Methylation Status in Colon Cells of Male Sprague Dawley Rats. J Biomed Phys Eng 2017; 7:79-86. [PMID: 28451581 PMCID: PMC5401136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past several years, the rapidly increasing use of mobile phones has raised global concerns about the biological effects of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation. Numerous studies have shown that exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can be associated with effects on the nervous, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, hematopoietic and ocular systems. In spite of genetic diversity, the onset and progression of cancer can be controlled by epigenetic mechanisms such as gene promoter methylation. There are extensive studies on the epigenetic changes of the tumor suppressor genes as well as the identification of methylation biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Some studies have revealed that genetic changes can be induced by exposure to RF radiation. However, whether or not RF radiation is capable of inducing epigenetic alteration has not been clarified yet. To date, no study has been conducted on the effect of radiation on epigenetic alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC). Several studies have also shown that methylation of estrogen receptor α (ERα), MYOD, MGMT, SFRP2 and P16 play an important role in CRC. It can be hypothesized that RF exposure can be a reason for the high incidence of CRC in Iran. This study aimed to investigate whether epigenetic pattern of ERα is susceptible to RF radiation and if RF radiation can induce radioadaptive response as epigenetic changes after receiving the challenge dose (γ-ray). MATERIAL AND METHOD 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 equal groups (Group I: exposure to RF radiation of a GSM cell phone for 4 hours and sacrificed after 24 hours; Group II: RF exposure for 4 hours, exposure to Co-60 gamma radiation (3 Gy) after 24 hours and sacrificed after 72 hrs; Group III: only 3Gy gamma radiation; Group 4: control group). DNA from colon tissues was extracted to evaluate the methylation status by methylation specific PCR. RESULTS Our finding showed that exposure to GSM cell phone RF radiation was capable of altering the pattern of ERα gene methylation compared to that of non-exposed controls. Furthermore, no adaptive response phenomenon was induced in the pattern of ERα gene methylation after exposure to the challenging dose of Co-60 γ-rays. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that exposure to RF radiation emitted by GSM mobile phones can lead to epigenetic detrimental changes in ERα promoter methylation pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mokarram
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Sheikhi
- Department of Radiobiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S M J Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Saeb
- Department of clinical biochemistry, school of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Shokrpour
- Professor, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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22
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Mortazavi SMJ, Mortazavi SA, Paknahad M. Association between electromagnetic field exposure and abortion in pregnant women living in Tehran. Int J Reprod Biomed 2017; 15:115-116. [PMID: 28462404 PMCID: PMC5405225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mortazavi
- Student of Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Paknahad
- Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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23
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Taheri M, Mortazavi SMJ, Moradi M, Mansouri S, Hatam GR, Nouri F. Evaluation of the Effect of Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted From Wi-Fi Router and Mobile Phone Simulator on the Antibacterial Susceptibility of Pathogenic Bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Dose Response 2017; 15:1559325816688527. [PMID: 28203122 PMCID: PMC5298474 DOI: 10.1177/1559325816688527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile phones and Wi-Fi radiofrequency radiation are among the main sources of the exposure of the general population to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). Previous studies have shown that exposure of microorganisms to RF-EMFs can be associated with a wide spectrum of changes ranged from the modified bacterial growth to the alterations of the pattern of antibiotic resistance. Our laboratory at the nonionizing department of the Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center has performed experiments on the health effects of exposure to animal models and humans to different sources of electromagnetic fields such as cellular phones, mobile base stations, mobile phone jammers, laptop computers, radars, dentistry cavitrons, magnetic resonance imaging, and Helmholtz coils. On the other hand, we have previously studied different aspects of the challenging issue of the ionizing or nonionizing radiation-induced alterations in the susceptibility of microorganisms to antibiotics. In this study, we assessed if the exposure to 900 MHz GSM mobile phone radiation and 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from common Wi-Fi routers alters the susceptibility of microorganisms to different antibiotics. The pure cultures of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli were exposed to RF-EMFs generated either by a GSM 900 MHz mobile phone simulator and a common 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi router. It is also shown that exposure to RF-EMFs within a narrow level of irradiation (an exposure window) makes microorganisms resistant to antibiotics. This adaptive phenomenon and its potential threats to human health should be further investigated in future experiments. Altogether, the findings of this study showed that exposure to Wi-Fi and RF simulator radiation can significantly alter the inhibition zone diameters and growth rate for L monocytogenes and E coli. These findings may have implications for the management of serious infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taheri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Kerman Province, Iran
| | - S M J Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Moradi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Kerman Province, Iran
| | - S Mansouri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Kerman Province, Iran
| | - G R Hatam
- Basic Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F Nouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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24
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Sannino A, Zeni O, Romeo S, Massa R, Scarfi MR. Adverse and beneficial effects in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells following radiofrequency exposure. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 38:245-254. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sannino
- CNR—Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the EnvironmentNapoliItaly
| | - Olga Zeni
- CNR—Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the EnvironmentNapoliItaly
| | - Stefania Romeo
- CNR—Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the EnvironmentNapoliItaly
| | - Rita Massa
- CNR—Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the EnvironmentNapoliItaly
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”University of Naples Federico IINapoliItaly
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25
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Mortazavi SAR, Shekoohi-Shooli F, Mortazavi G, Mortazavi SMJ. Effects of cell phone use on semen parameters: Results from the MARHCS cohort study in Chongqing, China. Environ Int 2017; 98:229-230. [PMID: 27843011 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S A R Mortazavi
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shekoohi-Shooli
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghazal Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S M J Mortazavi
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Mortazavi SMJ, Mortazavi SAR, Paknahad M. Late use of electronic media and its association with sleep, depression, and suicidality among Korean adolescents. Sleep Med 2017; 32:275-276. [PMID: 28038844 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M J Mortazavi
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S A R Mortazavi
- Student of Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Paknahad
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Mortazavi SMJ, Mortazavi SAR, Paknahad M. Mobile phones electromagnetic radiation and NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase as a mitochondrial marker in asthenozoospermia. Biochim Open 2016; 3:47-48. [PMID: 29450130 PMCID: PMC5801824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopen.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M J Mortazavi
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S A R Mortazavi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Paknahad
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mortazavi SM, Owji SM, Shojaei-Fard MB, Ghader-Panah M, Mortazavi SA, Tavakoli-Golpayegani A, Haghani M, Taeb S, Shokrpour N, Koohi O. GSM 900 MHz Microwave Radiation-Induced Alterations of Insulin Level and Histopathological Changes of Liver and Pancreas in Rat. J Biomed Phys Eng 2016; 6:235-42. [PMID: 28144593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapidly increasing use of mobile phones has led to public concerns about possible health effects of these popular communication devices. This study is an attempt to investigate the effects of radiofrequency (RF) radiation produced by GSM mobile phones on the insulin release in rats. METHODS Forty two female adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group1 were exposed to RF radiation 6 hours per day for 7 days. Group 2 received sham exposure (6 hours per day for 7 days). Groups 3 and 4 received RF radiation 3 hours per day for 7 days and sham exposure (3 hours per day), respectively. The specific absorption rate (SAR) of RF was 2.0 W/kg. RESULTS Our results showed that RF radiations emitted from mobile phone could not alter insulin release in rats. However, mild to severe inflammatory changes in the portal spaces of the liver of rats as well as damage in the cells of islet of Langerhans were observed. These changes were linked with the duration of the exposures. CONCLUSION RF exposure can induce inflammatory changes in the liver as well causing damage in the cells of islet of Langerhans.
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Mortazavi SAR, Taeb S, Mortazavi SMJ, Zarei S, Haghani M, Habibzadeh P, Shojaei-Fard MB. The Fundamental Reasons Why Laptop Computers should not be Used on Your Lap. J Biomed Phys Eng 2016; 6:279-284. [PMID: 28144597 PMCID: PMC5219578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As a tendency to use new technologies, gadgets such as laptop computers are becoming more popular among students, teachers, businessmen and office workers. Today laptops are a great tool for education and learning, work and personal multimedia. Millions of men, especially those in the reproductive age, are frequently using their laptop computers on the lap (thigh). Over the past several years, our lab has focused on the health effects of exposure to different sources of electromagnetic fields such as cellular phones, mobile base stations, mobile phone jammers, laptop computers, radars, dentistry cavitrons and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Our own studies as well as the studies performed by other researchers indicate that using laptop computers on the lap adversely affects the male reproductive health. When it is placed on the lap, not only the heat from a laptop computer can warm men's scrotums, the electromagnetic fields generated by laptop's internal electronic circuits as well as the Wi-Fi Radiofrequency radiation hazards (in a Wi-Fi connected laptop) may decrease sperm quality. Furthermore, due to poor working posture, laptops should not be used on the lap for long hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A R Mortazavi
- Medical Student, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Taeb
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S M J Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ; Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Zarei
- Speech Pathology Department, School of rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Haghani
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - P Habibzadeh
- Medical Student, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M B Shojaei-Fard
- Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran ; Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Shekoohi-Shooli F, Mortazavi SMJ, Shojaei-Fard MB, Nematollahi S, Tayebi M. Evaluation of the Protective Role of Vitamin C on the Metabolic and Enzymatic Activities of the Liver in the Male Rats After Exposure to 2.45 GHz Of Wi-Fi Routers. J Biomed Phys Eng 2016; 6:157-164. [PMID: 27853723 PMCID: PMC5106548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of devices emitted microwave radiation such as mobile phones, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) routers, etc. is increased rapidly. It has caused a great concern; the researchers should identify its effects on people's health. We evaluated the protective role of Vitamin C on the metabolic and enzymatic activities of the liver after exposure to Wi-Fi routers. MATERIAL AND METHODS 70 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 7 groups (10 rats in each group).The first stage one -day test: Group A (received vitamin C 250 mg/kg/day orally together with 8- hour/day Wi-Fi exposure).Group B (exposed to Wi-Fi radiation). Group C (received vitamin C). Group D or Control (was neither exposed to radiation of Wi-Fi modem nor did receive vitamin C). The second phase of experiment had done for five consecutive days. It involved Group E (received vitamin C), Group F (exposed to Wi-Fi radiation), Group G (received vitamin C together with Wi-Fi radiation). The distance between animals' restrainers was 20 cm away from the router antenna. Finally, blood samples were collected and assayed the level of hepatic enzymes including alkaline phosphatase(ALP), alanine amino transferase(ALT) aspartate amino transferase (ASL), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and the concentration of Blood Glucose, Cholesterol , Triglyceride(TG),High density lipoprotein (HDL)and low density lipoprotein (LDL). RESULTS Data obtained from the One day test showed an increase in concentration of blood glucose, decrease in Triglyceride level and GGT factor (P<0.05), however no observed significant difference on the Cholesterol , HDL , LDL level and hepatic enzymes activities in compare to control group. Groups of the five-day test showed reduction in the amount of blood glucose, elevation of cholesterol level and LDL relative to control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION WiFi exposure may exert alternations on the metabolic parameters and hepatic enzymes activities through stress oxidative and increasing of free radicals, but the use of vitamin C protects them from changing induced. Also taking optimum dose of vitamin C is essential for radioprotective effect and maintaining optimum health.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Shekoohi-Shooli
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S M J Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M B Shojaei-Fard
- Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Nematollahi
- Biostatistics Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Tayebi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mortazavi SMJ, Mortazavi SAR, Paknahad M. Biochemical and histological studies on adverse effects of mobile phone radiation on rat's brain. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 78:34-35. [PMID: 27515692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M J Mortazavi
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S A R Mortazavi
- Student Research Committee,Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Paknahad
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Abstract
Alzheimer's diseases (AD) is the most common type of dementia and a neurodegenerative disease that occurs when the nerve cells in the brain die. The cause and treatment of AD remain unknown. However, AD is a disease that affects the brain, an organ that controls behavior. Accordingly, anything that can interact with the brain may affect this organ positively or negatively, thereby protecting or encouraging AD. In this regard, modern life encompasses microwaves for all issues including industrial, communications, medical and domestic tenders, and among all applications, the cell phone wave, which directly exposes the brain, continues to be the most used. Evidence suggests that microwaves may produce various biological effects on the central nervous system (CNS) and many arguments relay the possibility that microwaves may be involved in the pathophysiology of CNS disease, including AD. By contrast, previous studies have reported some beneficial cognitive effects and that microwaves may protect against cognitive impairment in AD. However, although many of the beneficial effects of microwaves are derived from animal models, but can easily be extrapolated to humans, whether microwaves cause AD is an important issue that is to be addressed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
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Mortazavi SMJ, Mortazavi G, Paknahad M. Histological and histochemical study of the protective role of rosemary extract against harmful effect of cell phone electromagnetic radiation on the parotid glands. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:657-658. [PMID: 27439729 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M J Mortazavi
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghazal Mortazavi
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Paknahad
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Mortazavi SMJ, Mortazavi SAR. Oxidative mechanisms of biological activity of low-intensity radiofrequency radiation. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 35:303-4. [PMID: 27232546 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2016.1138125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M J Mortazavi
- a Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC) , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.,b Medical Physics Department , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - S A R Mortazavi
- c School of Medicine , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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Mortazavi G, Haghani M, Rastegarian N, Zarei S, Mortazavi S. Increased Release of Mercury from Dental Amalgam Fillings due to Maternal Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields as a Possible Mechanism for the High Rates of Autism in the Offspring: Introducing a Hypothesis. J Biomed Phys Eng 2016; 6:41-6. [PMID: 27026954 PMCID: PMC4795328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), factors such as growing electricity demand, ever-advancing technologies and changes in social behaviour have led to steadily increasing exposure to man-made electromagnetic fields. Dental amalgam fillings are among the major sources of exposure to elemental mercury vapour in the general population. Although it was previously believed that low levels are mercury (i.g. release of mercury from dental amalgam) is not hazardous, now numerous data indicate that even very low doses of mercury cause toxicity. There are some evidence indicating that perinatal exposure to mercury is significantly associated with an increased risk of developmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Furthermore, mercury can decrease the levels of neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, noreprenephrine, and acetylcholine in the brain and cause neurological problems. On the other hand, a strong positive correlation between maternal and cord blood mercury levels is found in some studies. We have previously shown that exposure to MRI or microwave radiation emitted by common mobile phones can lead to increased release of mercury from dental amalgam fillings. Moreover, when we investigated the effects of MRI machines with stronger magnetic fields, our previous findings were confirmed. As a strong association between exposure to electromagnetic fields and mercury level has been found in our previous studies, our findings can lead us to this conclusion that maternal exposure to electromagnetic fields in mothers with dental amalgam fillings may cause elevated levels of mercury and trigger the increase in autism rates. Further studies are needed to have a better understanding of the possible role of the increased mercury level after exposure to electromagnetic fields and the rate of autism spectrum disorders in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gh. Mortazavi
- Dentist, Pahlavankoshi Health Center, Ahram Health Network, Busher University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - M. Haghani
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N. Rastegarian
- Speech Pathology Student, Student Research Committee, School of Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Zarei
- Speech Pathology Student, Student Research Committee, School of Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S.M.J. Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mortazavi SMJ, Mortazavi SAR. Tinnitus and cell phones: the role of electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 82:248-9. [PMID: 26906400 PMCID: PMC9449025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Reza Mortazavi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Ji Y, He Q, Sun Y, Tong J, Cao Y. Adaptive response in mouse bone-marrow stromal cells exposed to 900-MHz radiofrequency fields: Gamma-radiation-induced DNA strand breaks and repair. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2016; 79:419-426. [PMID: 27267824 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1176618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether radiofrequency field (RF) preexposure induced adaptive responses (AR) in mouse bone-marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and the mechanisms underlying the observed findings. Cells were preexposed to 900-MHz radiofrequency fields (RF) at 120 μW/cm(2) power intensity for 4 h/d for 5 d. Some cells were subjected to 1.5 Gy γ-radiation (GR) 4 h following the last RF exposure. The intensity of strand breaks in the DNA was assessed immediately at 4 h. Subsequently, some BMSC were examined at 30, 60, 90, or 120 min utilizing the alkaline comet assay and γ-H2AX foci technique. Data showed no significant differences in number and intensity of strand breaks in DNA between RF-exposed and control cells. A significant increase in number and intensity of DNA strand breaks was noted in cells exposed to GR exposure alone. RF followed by GR exposure significantly decreased number of strand breaks and resulted in faster kinetics of repair of DNA strand breaks compared to GR alone. Thus, data suggest that RF preexposure protected cells from damage induced by GR. Evidence indicates that in RF-mediated AR more rapid repair kinetics occurs under conditions of GR-induced damage, which may be attributed to diminished DNA strand breakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Ji
- a School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qina He
- a School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Sun
- a School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Tong
- a School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Cao
- a School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Due to the potential risk of accidental exposure to gamma radiation, it’s critical to identify the biomarkers of radiation exposed creatures. In the present study, NMR based metabolomics combined with multivariate data analysis to evaluate the metabolites changed in the C57BL/6 mouse spleen after 4 days whole body exposure to 3.0 Gy and 7.8 Gy gamma radiations. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures analysis (OPLS) are employed for classification and identification potential biomarkers associated with gamma irradiation. Two different strategies for NMR spectral data reduction (i.e., spectral binning and spectral deconvolution) are combined with normalize to constant sum and unit weight before multivariate data analysis, respectively. The combination of spectral deconvolution and normalization to unit weight is the best way for identifying discriminatory metabolites between the irradiation and control groups. Normalized to the constant sum may achieve some pseudo biomarkers. PCA and OPLS results shown that the exposed groups can be well separated from the control group. Leucine, 2-aminobutyrate, valine, lactate, arginine, glutathione, 2-oxoglutarate, creatine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, π-methylhistidine, taurine, myoinositol, glycerol and uracil are significantly elevated while ADP is decreased significantly. These significantly changed metabolites are associated with multiple metabolic pathways and may be potential biomarkers in the spleen exposed to gamma irradiation.
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Zamanian Z, Mortazavi SMJ, Asmand E, Nikeghbal K. Assessment of Health Consequences of Steel Industry Welders' Occupational Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation. Int J Prev Med 2015; 6:123. [PMID: 26900437 PMCID: PMC4736055 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.172379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Welding is among the most important frequently used processes in the industry with a wide range of applications from the food industry to aerospace and from precision tools to shipbuilding. The aim of this study was to assess the level of steel industry welders' exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and to investigate the health impacts of these exposures. METHODS In this case-control study, we measured the intensity of UV at the workers' wrist in Fars Steel Company through manufacture of different types of heavy metal structures, using UV-meter model 666230 made by Leybold Co., from Germany. RESULTS The population under the study comprised 400 people including 200 welders as the exposed group and 200 nonwelders as the unexposed group. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS software, version 19. The average, standard deviation, maximum and minimum of the UV at the welders' wrist were 0.362, 0.346, 1.27, and 0.01 μW/cm(2), respectively. There was a significantly (P < 0.01) higher incidence of cataracts, keratoconjunctivitis, dermatitis and erythema in welders than in their nonwelders. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the time period of UV exposure in welders is higher than the permissible contact threshold level. Therefore, considering the outbreak of the eye and skin disorders in the welders, decreasing exposure time, reducing UV radiation level, and using personal protective equipment seem indispensable. As exposure to UV radiation can be linked to different types of skin cancer, skin aging, and cataract, welders should be advised to decrease their occupational exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zamanian
- Occupational Health Department, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saied Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Asmand
- Occupational Health Department, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kiana Nikeghbal
- Postgraduate Student of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mortazavi S, Paknahad M, Mortazavi G. Effect of Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation On Amalgam, Composite and Zirconomer Based Restorations. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:ZL01-2. [PMID: 26675448 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/15715.6849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Smj Mortazavi
- Professor, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC) , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Paknahad
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghazal Mortazavi
- Dentist, Delvar Health Center, Tangestan Health Network, Busher University of Medical Sciences , Bushehr, Iran
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Eslami J, Ghafaripour F, Mortazavi SAR, Mortazavi SMJ, Shojaei-Fard MB. Can the Accuracy of Home Blood Glucose Monitors be affected by the Received Signal Strength of 900 MHz GSM Mobile Phones? J Biomed Phys Eng 2015; 5:191-8. [PMID: 26688798 PMCID: PMC4681464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People who use home blood glucose monitors may use their mobile phones in the close vicinity of medical devices. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of the signal strength of 900 MHz GSM mobile phones on the accuracy of home blood glucose monitors. METHODS Sixty non-diabetic volunteer individuals aged 21 - 28 years participated in this study. Blood samples were analyzed for glucose level by using a common blood glucose monitoring system. Each blood sample was analyzed twice, within ten minutes in presence and absence of electromagnetic fields generated by a common GSM mobile phone during ringing. Blood samples were divided into 3 groups of 20 samples each. Group 1: exposure to mobile phone radiation with weak signal strength. Group2: exposure to mobile phone radiation with strong signal strength. Group3: exposure to a switched-on mobile phone with no signal strength. RESULTS The magnitude of the changes in the first, second and third group between glucose levels of two measurements (׀ΔC׀) were 7.4±3.9 mg/dl, 10.2±4.5 mg/dl, 8.7±8.4 mg/dl respectively. The difference in the magnitude of the changes between the 1st and the 3rd groups was not statistically significant. Furthermore, the difference in the magnitude of the changes between the 2nd and the 3rd groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Findings of this study showed that the signal strength of 900 MHz GSM mobile phones cannot play a significant role in changing the accuracy of home blood glucose monitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eslami
- Lecturer of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F Ghafaripour
- Medical Physics & Medical Engineering Department, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S A R Mortazavi
- Medical Student, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S M J Mortazavi
- Medical Physics & Medical Engineering Department, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ; Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M B Shojaei-Fard
- Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran ; Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mortazavi SMJ, Darvish L, Abounajmi M, Zarei S, Zare T, Taheri M, Nematollahi S. Alteration of Bacterial Antibiotic Sensitivity After Short-Term Exposure to Diagnostic Ultrasound. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2015; 17:e26622. [PMID: 26732124 PMCID: PMC4698328 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.26622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Many pathogenic bacteria show different levels of antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, a lot of hospital-acquired infections are caused by highly resistant or multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. According to WHO, patients with drug-resistant infections have higher morbidity and mortality. Moreover, patients infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics considerably consume more healthcare resources. Objectives In this study, we explored a physical method of converting drug-resistant bacteria to drug-sensitive ones. Materials and Methods This is an in vitro case-control study, performed at the Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Shiraz, Iran in 2014. All experiments were carried out using Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumonia and E. coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus group A, isolated from hospitalized patients. The bacterial strains were obtained from the Persian Type Culture Collection, IROST, Iran (Klebsiella pneumonia PTCC 1290) and Bacteriology Department of Shahid Faghihi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz, Iran (E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus group A). The bacteria in culture plates were exposed to diagnostic ultrasound using a MyLab70XVG sonography system for 5 minutes. Then, the bacteria were cultured on Mueller-Hinton agar and incubated at 35°C for 18 hours. Finally, antibiotic susceptibility test was performed and the inhibition zone in both control and exposed groups were measured. Three replicate agar plates were used for each test and the inhibition zones of the plates were recorded. Results Compared with the results obtained from unexposed bacteria, statistically significant variations of sensitivity to antibiotics were found in some strains after short-term exposure. In particular, we found major differences (making antibiotic-resistant bacteria susceptible or vice versa) in the diameters of inhibition zones in exposed and non-exposed samples of Klebsiella pneumonia and Streptococcus. Conclusions This study clearly shows that short-term exposure of microorganisms to diagnostic ultrasonic waves can significantly alter their sensitivity to antibiotics. We believe that this physical method of making the antibiotic-resistant population susceptible can open new horizons in antibiotic therapy of a broad range of diseases, including tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
- Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of ParaMedicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IR Iran
- Corresponding Authors: Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi, Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7112349332, Fax: +98-7112349332; +98-7112289113, E-mail: ; Leili Darvish, Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. E-mail:
| | - Leili Darvish
- Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding Authors: Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi, Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7112349332, Fax: +98-7112349332; +98-7112289113, E-mail: ; Leili Darvish, Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Abounajmi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Samira Zarei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IR Iran
| | - Tahereh Zare
- Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Samaneh Nematollahi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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Zarei S, Mortazavi SMJ, Mehdizadeh AR, Jalalipour M, Borzou S, Taeb S, Haghani M, Mortazavi SAR, Shojaei-Fard MB, Nematollahi S, Alighanbari N, Jarideh S. A Challenging Issue in the Etiology of Speech Problems: The Effect of Maternal Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields on Speech Problems in the Offspring. J Biomed Phys Eng 2015; 5:151-154. [PMID: 26396971 PMCID: PMC4576876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, mothers are continuously exposed to different sources of electromagnetic fields before and even during pregnancy. It has recently been shown that exposure to mobile phone radiation during pregnancy may lead to adverse effects on the brain development in offspring and cause hyperactivity. Researchers have shown that behavioral problems in laboratory animals which have a similar appearance to ADHD are caused by intrauterine exposure to mobile phones. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the maternal exposure to different sources of electromagnetic fields affect on the rate and severity of speech problems in their offspring. METHODS In this study, mothers of 35 healthy 3-5 year old children (control group) and 77 children and diagnosed with speech problems who had been referred to a speech treatment center in Shiraz, Iran were interviewed. These mothers were asked whether they had exposure to different sources of electromagnetic fields such as mobile phones, mobile base stations, Wi-Fi, cordless phones, laptops and power lines. RESULTS We found a significant association between either the call time (P=0.002) or history of mobile phone use (months used) and speech problems in the offspring (P=0.003). However, other exposures had no effect on the occurrence of speech problems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate a possible association between maternal exposure to electromagnetic field and speech problems in the offspring. Although a major limitation in our study is the relatively small sample size, this study indicates that the maternal exposure to common sources of electromagnetic fields such as mobile phones can affect the occurrence of speech problems in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zarei
- Speech and Language Pathology Department, School of Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S M J Mortazavi
- President of the Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC); Professor of Medical Physics in the School of Medicine of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A R Mehdizadeh
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Jalalipour
- Speech and Language Pathology Department, School of Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Borzou
- Speech and Language Pathology Department, School of Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Taeb
- Ph.D candidate at the Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Haghani
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S A R Mortazavi
- Medical Student at Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M B Shojaei-Fard
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Nematollahi
- Master Student at the Biostatistics Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Alighanbari
- Occupational Health Department, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Jarideh
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Rafati A, Rahimi S, Talebi A, Soleimani A, Haghani M, Mortazavi SMJ. Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Common Mobile Phone Jammers Alters the Pattern of Muscle Contractions: an Animal Model Study. J Biomed Phys Eng 2015; 5:133-42. [PMID: 26396969 PMCID: PMC4576874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rapid growth of wireless communication technologies has caused public concerns regarding the biological effects of electromagnetic radiations on human health. Some early reports indicated a wide variety of non-thermal effects of electromagnetic radiation on amphibians such as the alterations of the pattern of muscle extractions. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation emitted from mobile phone jammers on the pulse height of contractions, the time interval between two subsequent contractions and the latency period of frog's isolated gastrocnemius muscle after stimulation with single square pulses of 1V (1 Hz). MATERIALS AND METHODS Frogs were kept in plastic containers in a room. Animals in the jammer group were exposed to radiofrequency (RF) radiation emitted from a common Jammer at a distance of 1m from the jammer's antenna for 2 hours while the control frogs were only sham exposed. Then animals were sacrificed and isolated gastrocnemius muscles were exposed to on/off jammer radiation for 3 subsequent 10 minute intervals. Isolated gastrocnemius muscles were attached to the force transducer with a string. Using a PowerLab device (26-T), the pattern of muscular contractions was monitored after applying single square pulses of 1V (1 Hz) as stimuli. RESULTS The findings of this study showed that the pulse height of muscle contractions could not be affected by the exposure to electromagnetic fields. However, the latency period was effectively altered in RF-exposed samples. However, none of the experiments could show an alteration in the time interval between two subsequent contractions after exposure to electromagnetic fields. CONCLUSION These findings support early reports which indicated a wide variety of non-thermal effects of electromagnetic radiation on amphibians including the effects on the pattern of muscle extractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Rafati
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Rahimi
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Talebi
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Soleimani
- Department of Epidemiology, school of health, Tabriz university of medical science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M. Haghani
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. M. J. Mortazavi
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Jarideh S, Taeb S, Pishva SM, Haghani M, Sina S, Mortazavi SAR, Hosseini MA, Nematollahi S, Shokrpour N, Hassan Shahi M, Mortazavi SMJ. Does Occupational Exposure of Shahid Dastghieb International Airport Workers to Radiofrequency Radiation Affect Their Short Term Memory and Reaction Time? J Biomed Phys Eng 2015; 5:143-50. [PMID: 26396970 PMCID: PMC4576875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airport workers are continuously exposed to different levels of radiofrequency microwave (RF/MW) radiation emitted by radar equipments. Radars are extensively used in military and aviation industries. Over the past several years, our lab has focused on the health effects of exposure to different sources of electromagnetic fields such as cellular phones, mobile base stations, mobile phone jammers, laptop computers, radars, dentistry cavitrons and MRI. The main goal of this study was to investigate if occupational exposure of Shahid Dastghieb international airport workers to radiofrequency radiation affects their short term memory and reaction time. METHODS Thirty two airport workers involved in duties at control and approach tower (21 males and 11 females), with the age range of 27-67 years old (mean age of 37.38), participated voluntary in this study. On the other hand, 29 workers (13 males, and 16 females) whose offices were in the city with no exposure history to radar systems were also participated in this study as the control group. The employees' reaction time and short term memory were analyzed using a standard visual reaction time (VRT) test software and the modified Wechsler memory scale test, respectively. RESULTS The mean± SD values for the reaction times of the airport employees (N=32) and the control group (N=29) were 0.45±0.12 sec and 0.46±0.17 sec, respectively. Moreover, in the four subset tests; i.e. paired words, forward digit span, backward digit span and word recognition, the following points were obtained for the airport employees and the control group, respectively: (i) pair words test: 28.00±13.13 and 32.07±11.65, (ii) forward digit span: 8.38±1.40 and 9.03±1.32, (iii) backward digit span: 5.54±1.87 and 6.31±1.46, and (iv) word recognition: 5.73±2.36 and 6.50±1.93. These differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The occupational exposure of the employees to the RF radiation in Shahid Dastghieb international airport does not have any significant detrimental effect on their reaction time as well as short term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Jarideh
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Taeb
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. M. Pishva
- Shahid Dastghieb International Airport, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Haghani
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Sina
- Radiation Research Center, Nuclear Engineering Department, School of Mechanics, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. A. R. Mortazavi
- Medical Student, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. A. Hosseini
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Nematollahi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N. Shokrpour
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shi¬raz, Iran
| | - M. Hassan Shahi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. M. J. Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Kazemi E, Mortazavi SMJ, Ali-Ghanbari A, Sharifzadeh S, Ranjbaran R, Mostafavi-pour Z, Zal F, Haghani M. Effect of 900 MHz Electromagnetic Radiation on the Induction of ROS in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. J Biomed Phys Eng 2015; 5:105-14. [PMID: 26396966 PMCID: PMC4576871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite numerous studies over a decade, it still remains controversial about the biological effects of RF EMF emitted by mobile phone telephony. OBJECTIVE Here we investigated the effect of 900 MHz GSM on the induction of oxidative stress and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human mononuclear cells, monocytes and lymphocytes as defence system cells. METHOD 6 ml Peripheral Blood samples were obtained from 13 healthy volunteers (21-30 year-old). Each sample was devided into 2 groups: one was exposed RF radiation emitted from a mobile phone simulator for 2 hour and the other used as control group which was not exposed to any fields. After that, mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood by density gradient centrifugation in Ficoll-Paque. The intracellular ROS content in monocytes and lymphocytes was measured by the CM-H2DCFDA fluorescence probe using flowcytometry technique. RESULTS Our results showed significant increase in ROS production after exposure in population rich in monocytes. This effect was not significant in population rich in lymphocytes in comparison with non exposed cells. CONCLUSION The results obtained in this study clearly showed the oxidative stress induction capability of RF electromagnetic field in the portion of PBMCs mostly in monocytes, like the case of exposure to micro organisms, although the advantages or disadvantages of this effect should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Kazemi
- Radiobiology department, School of paramedical sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. M. J. Mortazavi
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- The Center for Research on Protection against Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Ali-Ghanbari
- Telecommunication Department, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Sharifzadeh
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - R. Ranjbaran
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Z. Mostafavi-pour
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F. Zal
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Haghani
- The Center for Research on Protection against Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mehdizadeh AR, Mortazavi SMJ. Editorial. J Biomed Phys Eng 2015; 5:91-94. [PMID: 26396964 PMCID: PMC4576877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Mehdizadeh
- Deputy Editor in Chief, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. M. J. Mortazavi
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mortazavi SMJ, Rahimi S, Talebi A, Soleimani A, Rafati A. Survey of the Effects of Exposure to 900 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted by a GSM Mobile Phone on the Pattern of Muscle Contractions in an Animal Model. J Biomed Phys Eng 2015; 5:121-32. [PMID: 26396968 PMCID: PMC4576873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid development of wireless telecommunication technologies over the past decades, has led to significant changes in the exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields. Nowadays, people are continuously exposed to different sources of electromagnetic fields such as mobile phones, mobile base stations, cordless phones, Wi-Fi routers, and power lines. Therefore, the last decade witnessed a rapidly growing concern about the possible health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by these sources. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study that was aimed at investigating the effects of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation emitted by a GSM mobile phone on the pattern of contraction in frog's isolated gastrocnemius muscle after stimulation with single square pulses of 1V (1 Hz), pulse height of contractions, the time interval between two subsequent contractions and the latency period were measured. RESULTS Our findings showed that the pulse height of contractions muscle could be affected by the exposure to electromagnetic fields. Especially, the latency period was effectively altered in RF-exposed samples. However, none of the experiments could show an alteration in the time interval between two subsequent contractions after exposure to electromagnetic fields. CONCLUSION These findings support early reports which indicated a wide variety of non-thermal effects of electromagnetic radiation on amphibians including the effects on the pattern of muscle extractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. J. Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Rahimi
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Talebi
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Soleimani
- Department of Epidemiology, school of health, Tabriz university of medical science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - A. Rafati
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Eghlidospour M, Mortazavi SMJ, Yousefi F, Mortazavi SAR. New Horizons in Enhancing the Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells Using Stimulatory Effects of the Short Time Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation. J Biomed Phys Eng 2015; 5:95-104. [PMID: 26396965 PMCID: PMC4576878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mobile phone use and wireless communication technology have grown explosively over the past decades. This rapid growth has caused widespread global concern about the potential detrimental effects of this technology on human health. Stem cells generate specialized cell types of the tissue in which they reside through normal differentiation pathways. Considering the undeniable importance of stem cells in modern medicine, numerous studies have been performed on the effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation on cellular processes such as: proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle and DNA repair processes. We have conducted extensive studies on beneficial (stimulatory) or detrimental biological effects of exposure to different sources of electromagnetic fields such as mobile phones, mobile phone base stations, mobile phone jammers, radar systems, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems and dentistry cavitrons over the past years. In this article, recent studies on the biological effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation in the range of radiofrequency (RF) on some important features of stem cells such as their proliferation and differentiation are reviewed. Studies reviewed in this paper indicate that the stimulatory or inhibitory effects of RF radiation on the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells depend on various factors such as the biological systems, experiment conditions, the frequency and intensity of RF and the duration of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Eghlidospour
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. M. J. Mortazavi
- Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F. Yousefi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. A. R. Mortazavi
- Medical Student, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Taheri M, Mortazavi SMJ, Moradi M, Mansouri S, Nouri F, Mortazavi SAR, Bahmanzadegan F. Klebsiella pneumonia, a Microorganism that Approves the Non-linear Responses to Antibiotics and Window Theory after Exposure to Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz Electromagnetic Radiofrequency Radiation. J Biomed Phys Eng 2015; 5:115-120. [PMID: 26396967 PMCID: PMC4576872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug resistance is widely believed to be an increasingly serious threat to global public health. We have previously reported that short term exposure of microorganisms to diagnostic ultrasound waves could significantly alter their sensitivity to antibiotics. In our previous studies, Klebsiella pneumoniae showed major differences in the sensitivity to antibiotics in exposed and non-exposed samples. This study was aimed at investigating the alteration of antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumonia, after exposure to Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro study, three replicate agar plates were used for each test. The antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out using disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar plates and the inhibition zones in both control and exposed groups were measured. A common Wi-Fi router was used in this study as the radiofrequency exposure source. Irradiated samples were exposed to Wi-Fi radiofrequency radiation for 3, 4.5 and 8 hours. RESULTS Statistically significant variations of sensitivity to antibiotics were found for all studied antibiotics after 4.5 hours of RF exposure, compared to non-exposed bacteria. Interestingly, the mean diameters of the inhibition zones after 3 hours of exposure were less than those exposed for 4.5 hours. Following this rise in the sensitivity to antibiotics, a fall was observed in the bacteria exposed for 8 hours for all studied antibiotics. CONCLUSION The findings of this study show a statistically significant rise in the sensitivity of Klebsiella pneumoniae to different antibiotics after 4.5 hours of exposure to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation, followed by a fall after 8 hours of exposure. These observations can be interpreted by the concept of non-linearity in the responses of Klebsiella pneumoniae to different antibiotics after exposure to electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation. As in this study a minimum level of effect was needed for the induction of adaptive response, these results also confirm the validity of the so-called "window theory".
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Taheri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - S. M. J. Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Moradi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sh. Mansouri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - F. Nouri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. A. R. Mortazavi
- Medical Student, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F. Bahmanzadegan
- Medical Student, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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