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Riccò M, Baldassarre A, Ferraro P, Melodia P, Stocchi M, Magnavita N. SARS-CoV-2 infection in meat and poultry workers after the "first wave" (Summer 2020): a cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) of Italian occupational physicians. Acta Biomed 2023; 94:e2023244. [PMID: 38054688 PMCID: PMC10734241 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94i6.14564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM This cross-sectional study assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of Italian Occupational Physicians (OPs) on Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among meat/poultry processing plant workers (MPWs) (Summer season 2020). METHODS Data were collected through an online questionnaire including demographic characteristics, and items about COVID-19-related KAP in MPWs. A logistic regression was modelled in order to characterize explanatory variables of the outcome variable of having any professional experience as OP in meat/poultry processing industry. RESULTS A total of 424 OPs (mean age 49.0 ± 9.1years; 49.5% males) participated into the survey. Despite a generally good level of knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, OPs having professional experience with MPWs failed to recognize any increased risk for COVID-19 (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.162; 95% Confidence intervals [95%CI] 0.039-0.670), and were less likely to recommend periodical tests via nasal swabs (OR 0.168, 95%CI 0.047-0.605). On the contrary, they identified socioeconomic status of MPWs as a risk factor (OR 5.686, 95%CI 1.413-22.881), recommending cleaning interventions on changing rooms and canteens (OR 16.090, 95%CI 1.099-259.244). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we reported a diffuse underestimation of the risk for COVID-19, that was alarmingly higher among professionals who should be more familiar with the specific requirements of MPWs. Some significant knowledge gaps were also clearly identified, stressing the opportunity for tailored educative interventions (www.actabiomedica.it).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Riccò
- Azienda USL di Reggio EmiliaV.le Amendola n.2 - 42122 REServizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza negli Ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL)Dip. di Prevenzione.
| | - Antonio Baldassarre
- Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università di Firenze, P.zza S.Marco, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- Direzione Sanità, Italian Railways' Infrastructure Division, RFI SpA, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Pietro Melodia
- School of Public Health,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University,IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina n.21,Milan, Italy.
| | - Manuel Stocchi
- School of Public Health,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University,IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina n.21,Milan, Italy.
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Roma RM, Rome; Occupational Medicine, Department of Mother, Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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d’Ettorre G, Pellicani V, Muratore M, Ceccarelli G. Occupational health surveillance of healthcare workers during COVID 19 pandemic: a narrative review. Acta Biomed 2022; 93:e2022007. [PMID: 35315429 PMCID: PMC8972867 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i1.10277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Current literature has increasingly highlighted the risk of spreading the SARS-COV-2 infection in healthcare settings and showed the need for occupational health surveillance of HCWs during the current epidemiological emergency from COVID-19, as a preventive measure to minimize the spread of the infection. The purpose of this narrative review was to evaluate the literature and discover what the latest developments are about the management of the occupational health surveillance of healthcare workers (HCWs) during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We searched for publications in MEDLINE, Pubmed and Google Scholar using selected keywords. Each article was reviewed and categorized into one or more of the following three categories based on its subject matter: early diagnosis of COVID-19 in HCWs, detection of worker susceptibility to severe COVID-19, medical examination of HCWs returning to work after COVID-19. RESULTS Selected articles showed the RT-PCR test for Sars-CoV-2 as the gold standard to enable rapid identification of infected HCWs; an effective schedule of occupational health surveillance allows the identification of the susceptibility of the workers to severe Covid-19 and protect HCWs returning to work from the disease. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present narrative review show the need to strenghten the occupational health surveillance of HCWs during the current COVID-19 pandemic, with the aim not only to contain the spread of the infection in healthcare settings, but also to protect HCWs coming back to work after the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele d’Ettorre
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Local Health Authority, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Muratore
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Local Health Authority, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Song E, Lee JE, Kwon S. Effect of Public Empathy with Infection-Control Guidelines on Infection-Prevention Attitudes and Behaviors: Based on the Case of COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:13408. [PMID: 34949020 PMCID: PMC8703993 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the government has provided infection-control guidelines to prevent the spread of the virus. The authors of this study examined the structure (causal relationship) of factors that influence public behavior toward COVID-19 and verified the effect of public empathy with infection-control guidelines in each structure. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire survey from 211 Korean adults. The results showed that (1) the perceived susceptibility and severity of economic damage had a positive effect on infection-prevention attitudes and infection-prevention attitudes had a positive effect on infection-prevention behaviors; (2) the perceived severity of economic damage had a positive effect on infection-prevention attitudes; and (3) public empathy with infection-control guidelines positively moderated the effect of the perceived severity of economic damage on infection-prevention behaviors and that of perceived susceptibility on infection-prevention attitudes. Accordingly, the authors of this study present the following three suggestions to prevent the spread of an infectious disease: engage in risk communication focused on a potential virus infection and cooperation, make multifaceted efforts to increase public empathy with infection-control guidelines, and implement measures to alleviate or reduce economic damage to the public in a viral pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Song
- Department of Consumer Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Jae-Eun Lee
- Department of Public Administration, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea;
| | - Seola Kwon
- National Crisisonomy Institute, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
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Riccò M, Gualerzi G, Ranzieri S, Peruzzi S, Valente M, Marchesi F, Bragazzi NL, Signorelli C. Occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare personnel: results from an early systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Biomed 2021; 92:e2021311. [PMID: 34738585 PMCID: PMC8689308 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92i5.10438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a global public health concern globally. Even though Healthcare Workers (HCWs) are supposedly at increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection, to date no pooled evidence has been collected. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched online electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, medRxiv.org for pre-prints) for all available contribution (up to May 20, 2019). Two Authors independently screened articles and extracted the data. The pooled prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was analyzed using the random-effects model. The possible sources of heterogeneity were analyzed through subgroup analysis, and meta-regression. RESULTS The overall pooled prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was 3.5% (95%CI 1.8-6.6) for studies based on molecular assays, 5.5% (95%CI 2.1-14.1) for studies based on serological assays, and 6.5% (95%CI 2.5-15.6) for point-of-care capillary blood tests. Among subgroups, serological tests identified higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in physicians than in nurses (OR 1.436, 95%CI 1.026 to 2.008). Regression analysis indicated the possible presence of publication bias only for molecular tests (t -3.3526, p-value 0.002648). CONCLUSIONS The overall pooled prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was lower than previously expected, but available studies were affected by significant heterogeneity, and the molecular studies by significant publication bias. Therefore, further high-quality research in the field is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Riccò
- Azienda USL di Reggio EmiliaV.le Amendola n.2 - 42122 REServizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza negli Ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL)Dip. di Prevenzione.
| | - Giovanni Gualerzi
- 2 Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Parma, 43123 Parma (PR), Italy.
| | - Silvia Ranzieri
- 3 Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Occupational Medicine, University of Parma, I-43123 Parma (PR), Italy.
| | - Simona Peruzzi
- 4 AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Laboratorio Analisi Chimico Cliniche e Microbiologiche, Ospedale Civile di Guastalla, I-42016 Guastalla (RE), Italy.
| | - Marina Valente
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Clinical Surgery, University of Parma, I-43123 Parma (PR), Italy.
| | - Federico Marchesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Clinical Surgery, University of Parma, I-43123 Parma (PR), Italy.
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Carlo Signorelli
- University "Vita e Salute", San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan (MI), Italy.
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Jony SSR, Haque U, Webb NJ, Spence E, Rahman MS, Aghamohammadi N, Lie Y, Angulo-Molina A, Ananth S, Ren X, Kawachi N, Ito H, Ulvi O, Lubinda J, Karamehic-Muratovic A, Maher W, Ali P, Rahman MS. Analyzing Predictors of Control Measures and Psychosocial Problems Associated with COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Eight Countries. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:106. [PMID: 34436096 DOI: 10.3390/bs11080106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has harshly impacted communities globally. This study provides relevant information for creating equitable policy interventions to combat the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to predict the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of the COVID-19 pandemic at a global level to determine control measures and psychosocial problems. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to October 2020 using an online questionnaire. Questionnaires were initially distributed to academicians worldwide. These participants distributed the survey among their social, professional, and personal groups. Responses were collected and analyzed from 67 countries, with a sample size of 3031. Finally, based on the number of respondents, eight countries, including Bangladesh, China, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, the United States, and Zambia were rigorously analyzed. Specifically, questionnaire responses related to COVID-19 accessibility, behavior, knowledge, opinion, psychological health, and susceptibility were collected and analyzed. As per our analysis, age groups were found to be a primary determinant of behavior, knowledge, opinion, psychological health, and susceptibility scores. Gender was the second most influential determinant for all metrics except information about COVID-19 accessibility, for which education was the second most important determinant. Respondent profession was the third most important metric for all scores. Our findings suggest that health authorities must promote health educations, implement related policies to disseminate COVID-19-awareness that can prevent and control the spread of COVID-19 infection.
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Saadatjoo S, Miri M, Hassanipour S, Ameri H, Arab-Zozani M. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the general population about Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis with policy recommendations. Public Health 2021; 194:185-195. [PMID: 33962095 PMCID: PMC7988473 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate and synthesize the current evidence on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of the general population regarding COVID-19. Study design This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We conducted a systematic search on PubMed/LitCovid, Scopus, and Web of Sciences databases for papers in the English language only, up to 1 January 2021. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist developed for cross-sectional studies to appraise the quality of the included studies. All stages of the review conducted by two independent reviewers and potential discrepancies were solved with a consultation with a third reviewer. We reported the result as number and percentage. A meta-analysis conducted using a random effect model with a 95% confidence interval. Results Forty-eight studies encompassing 76,848 participants were included in this review. 56.53% of the participants were female. The mean age of the participants was 33.7 years. 85.42% of the included studies were scored as good quality, 12.50% as fair quality, and the remaining (2.08%) as low quality. About 87.5% examined all three components of the KAPs model. The knowledge component was reported as good and poor in 89.5% and 10.5% of the included studies, respectively. Of the studies that examined the attitude component, 100% reported a positive attitude. For the practice component, 93.2% reported satisfactory practice, and 6.8% poor practice. The result of the meta-analysis showed that the overall score of KAPs components about COVID-19 were 78.9, 79.8, and 74.1, respectively. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the overall KAP components in the included studies were at an acceptable level. In general, knowledge was at a good level, the attitude was positive and practice was at a satisfactory level. Using an integrated international system can help better evaluate these components and compare them between countries. PROSPERO registration code (CRD42020186755).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saadatjoo
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - M Miri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - S Hassanipour
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - H Ameri
- Health Policy and Management Research Center, Department of Health Services Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - M Arab-Zozani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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7
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De Santi M, Diotallevi A, Brandi G. Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in an Italian cohort in Marche Region, Italy. Acta Biomed 2021; 92:e2021070. [PMID: 33682801 PMCID: PMC7975922 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92i1.10847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization. In this study, we evaluated the seroconversion of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to find predictors of infection in terms of symptoms, health status, and professions. METHODS Serological samples of 341 volunteers in a cohort in Marche Region, Italy, were analyzed for the presence of IgM and/or IgG immunoglobulins specific for the SARS-CoV-2. Contextually, an anamnestic questionnaire was administered. The binary logistic regression analysis was used to find the predictors of seroconversion. RESULTS Forty-nine subjects (14.4 %) were found positive, without significant differences between gender and age groups. The predictors identified inside the variable categories "symptoms," "risk factors" (smoking habit and established pathologies), and "professions" were the loss of taste and smell (OR, 8.563), cardiovascular diseases (OR, 2.912), and policeman profession (OR, 3.875), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although the limited number of subjects recruited in this study, our results could give important findings to be considered for planning preventive strategies in the view of the next COVID-19 waves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurora Diotallevi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Unit, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Brandi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Pharmacology and Public Health Unit, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
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Riccò M, Ranzieri S, Peruzzi S, Valente M, Marchesi F, Balzarini F, Bragazzi NL, Signorelli C. RT-qPCR assays based on saliva rather than on nasopharyngeal swabs are possible but should be interpreted with caution: results from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Biomed 2020; 91:e2020025. [PMID: 32921721 PMCID: PMC7717018 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i3.10020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK The ongoing pandemic has elicited an increasing interest regarding the SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA detection in saliva specimens rather than through nasopharyngeal swabs. Our aim was to conduct a meta-analysis on the sensitivity and specificity of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA detection through RT-qPCR based on salivary specimens compared to conventional nasopharyngeal swabs. METHODS We reported our meta-analysis according to the PRISMA statement. We searched Pubmed, Embase, and pre-print archive medRxiv.og for eligible studies published up to June 1st, 2020. Raw data included true/false positive and negative tests, and the total number of tests. Sensitivity and specificity data were calculated for every study, and then pooled in a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 measure. Reporting bias was assessed by means of funnel plots and regression analysis. RESULTS The systematic review eventually retrieved 14 studies including a total of 15 estimates, the were included in quantitative synthesis. We found a pooled specificity of 97.7% (95%CI 93.8-99.2) and a pooled sensitivity of 83.4% (95%CI 73.1-90.4), with an overall agreement assessed by means of Cohen's kappa equals to 0.750, 95%CI 0.62-0.88 (i.e. moderate agreement), with high heterogeneity and risk of reporting bias. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, diagnostic tests based on salivary specimens are somewhat reliable, but relatively few studies have been carried out. Moreover, such studies are characterized by low numbers and low sample power. Therefore, the of salivary samples is currently questionable for clinical purposes and cannot substitute other more conventional RT-qPCR based on nasopharyngeal swabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Riccò
- Azienda USL di Reggio EmiliaV.le Amendola n.2 - 42122 REServizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza negli Ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL)Dip. di Prevenzione.
| | - Silvia Ranzieri
- 2. Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Occupational Medicine, University of Parma, I-43123 Parma (PR), Italy.
| | - Simona Peruzzi
- 3. AUSL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Laboratorio Analisi Chimico Cliniche e Microbiologiche, Ospedale Civile di Guastalla, I-42016 Guastalla (RE), Italy.
| | - Marina Valente
- 4. Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Clinical Surgery, University of Parma, I-43123 Parma (PR), Italy.
| | - Federico Marchesi
- 4. Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Clinical Surgery, University of Parma, I-43123 Parma (PR), Italy.
| | - Federica Balzarini
- 5. University "Vita e Salute", San Raffaele Hospital; Via Olgettina n. 58, 20132; Milan (MI), Italy.
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- 6. Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of York, Toronto (ON), Canada.
| | - Carlo Signorelli
- University "Vita e Salute", San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.
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Bragazzi NL, Riccò M, Pacifico A, Malagoli P, Kridin K, Pigatto P, Damiani G. COVID-19 knowledge prevents biologics discontinuation: Data from an Italian multicenter survey during RED-ZONE declaration. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13508. [PMID: 32415727 PMCID: PMC7267153 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SARS‐CoV‐2 become pandemics and there is still a dearth of data about its the potentially among dermatological patients under biologics. We aimed to assess health literacy, disease knowledge, treatment dissatisfaction and biologics attitudes toward COVID‐19. We performed a cross‐sectional, questionnaire‐based survey on 98/105 consecutive dermatological patients treated with biologics—51 suffering from plaque psoriasis, 22 from atopic dermatitis, and 25 from hidradenitis suppurativa. An ad hoc, validated questionnaire has 44 items investigating the following domains: knowledge of COVID‐19 related to (a) epidemiology, (b) pathogenesis, (c) clinical symptoms, (d) preventive measures, and (e) attitudes. Patients data and questionnaires were collected. Despite only 8.1% thought that biologics may increase the risk of COVID‐19, 18.4% and 21.4% of the patients were evaluating the possibility to discontinue or modify the dosage of the current biologic therapy, respectively. Globally, male patients (P = .001) with higher scholarity level (P = .005) displayed higher knowledge of COVID‐19. Patients with lower DLQI (P = .006), longer disease duration (P = .051) and lower scholarity (P = .007) have thought to discontinue/modify autonomously their biologic therapy. At the multivariate logistic regression, only the knowledge of epidemiology and preventive measures resulted independent predictors of continuation vs discontinuation and modification vs no modification, respectively. Dermatologists should promote COVID‐19 knowledge to prevent biologics disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matteo Riccò
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Khalaf Kridin
- Lűbeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lűbeck, Lűbeck, Germany
| | - Paolo Pigatto
- Clinical Dermatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Damiani
- Clinical Dermatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Riccò M, Ferraro P, Gualerzi G, Ranzieri S, Henry BM, Said YB, Pyatigorskaya NV, Nevolina E, Wu J, Bragazzi NL, Signorelli C. Point-of-Care Diagnostic Tests for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Real-World Data. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1515. [PMID: 32443459 PMCID: PMC7290955 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for a highly contagious infection, known as COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 was discovered in late December 2019 and, since then, has become a global pandemic. Timely and accurate COVID-19 laboratory testing is an essential step in the management of the COVID-19 outbreak. To date, assays based on the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in respiratory samples are the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis. Unfortunately, RT-PCR has several practical limitations. Consequently, alternative diagnostic methods are urgently required, both for alleviating the pressure on laboratories and healthcare facilities and for expanding testing capacity to enable large-scale screening and ensure a timely therapeutic intervention. To date, few studies have been conducted concerning the potential utilization of rapid testing for COVID-19, with some conflicting results. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to explore the feasibility of rapid diagnostic tests in the management of the COVID-19 outbreak. Based on ten studies, we computed a pooled sensitivity of 64.8% (95%CI 54.5-74.0), and specificity of 98.0% (95%CI 95.8-99.0), with high heterogeneity and risk of reporting bias. We can conclude that: (1) rapid diagnostic tests for COVID-19 are necessary, but should be adequately sensitive and specific; (2) few studies have been carried out to date; (3) the studies included are characterized by low numbers and low sample power, and (4) in light of these results, the use of available tests is currently questionable for clinical purposes and cannot substitute other more reliable molecular tests, such as assays based on RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Riccò
- AUSL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Servizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza negli ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL), I-42122 Reggio Emilia (RE), Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- ASL Foggia, Dipartimento di Prevenzione, Servizio Prevenzione e Sicurezza Ambienti Lavoro, Piazza Pavoncelli 11, I-41121 Foggia (FG), Italy;
| | - Giovanni Gualerzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Parma, 43123 Parma (PR), Italy;
| | - Silvia Ranzieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Occupational Medicine, University of Parma, I-43123 Parma (PR), Italy;
| | - Brandon Michael Henry
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA;
| | - Younes Ben Said
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.B.S.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Natalia Valeryevna Pyatigorskaya
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.B.S.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Elena Nevolina
- Executive Director of the Union “National Pharmaceutical Chamber”, 125009 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Jianhong Wu
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Carlo Signorelli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan (MI), Italy;
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Riccò M, Vezzosi L, Balzarini F, Bragazzi NL. Inappropriate risk perception for SARS-CoV-2 infection among Italian HCWs in the eve of COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Biomed 2020; 91. [PMID: 32921735 PMCID: PMC7717016 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i3.9727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Riccò
- Azienda USL di Reggio EmiliaV.le Amendola n.2 - 42122 REServizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza negli Ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL)Dip. di Prevenzione.
| | - Luigi Vezzosi
- Agenzia di Tutela della Salute (ATS) della Val Padana; Via Toscani n.1; Mantova (MN), Italy.
| | - Federica Balzarini
- University "Vita e Salute", San Raffaele Hospital; Via Olgettina n. 58, 20132; Milan (MI), Italy.
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Canada.
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Riccò M, Gualerzi G, Ranzieri S, Bragazzi NL. Stop playing with data: there is no sound evidence that Bacille Calmette-Guérin may avoid SARS-CoV-2 infection (for now). Acta Biomed 2020; 91:207-213. [PMID: 32420947 PMCID: PMC7569626 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic, a possible explanation for the high heterogeneity of infection/mortality rates across involved countries was hinted in the prevalence of tuberculosis vaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). A systematic review was therefore performed on May 2, 2020. A total of 13 articles were ultimately retrieved, 12 of them as preprint papers. All articles were ecological studies of low quality. Most of them did not include main confounding factors (i.e. demographic of the assessed countries, share of people residing in urban settings, etc.), and simply assessed the differences among incidence/mortality of COVID-19 with vaccination rates or by having vs. having not any vaccination policy for BCG. Even though all studies shared the very same information sources (i.e. international registries for BCG vaccination rates and open source data for COVID-19 epidemics), results were conflicting, with later studies apparently denying any true correlation between COVID-19 occurrence and BCG vaccination rates and/or policies. As a consequence, there is no sound evidence to recommend BCG vaccination for the prevention of COVID-19. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Riccò
- AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia V.le Amendola n.2 - 42122 RE Servizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza negli Ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL)Dip. di Prevenzione.
| | - Giovanni Gualerzi
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine; Via Gramsci n.14, 43123; Parma (PR), Italy.
| | - Silvia Ranzieri
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Occupational Medicine; Via Gramsci n.14, 43123; Parma (PR), Italy.
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Canada.
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