1
|
Abid R, Ammar A, Maaloul R, Boudaya M, Souissi N, Hammouda O. Nocturnal Smartphone Use Affects Sleep Quality and Cognitive and Physical Performance in Tunisian School-Age Children. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:856-869. [PMID: 38667810 PMCID: PMC11048860 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nocturnal smartphone use emits blue light, which can adversely affect sleep, leading to a variety of negative effects, particularly in children. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of acute (AC) (one night) and repeated (RC) (five nights) nocturnal smartphone exposure on sleep, cortisol, and next-day performance in Tunisian children. Thirteen participants (seven girls and six boys, age 9 ± 0.6, height 1.32 ± 0.06, weight 34.47 ± 4.41) attended six experimental nights. The experiment started with a baseline night (BL) with no smartphone exposure, followed by repeated sessions of nocturnal smartphone exposure lasting 90 minutes (08:00 pm-09:30 pm). Actigraphy; salivary cortisol; the Stroop test (selective attention); choice reaction time (CRT); N-back (working memory); counter-movement jump (CMJ), composed of flight time (time spent in the CMJ flight phase) and jump height; and a 30 m sprint were assessed the morning after each condition. Both AC and RC shortened total sleep time (TST) (p < 0.01), with a greater decrease with RC (-46.7 min, ∆% = -9.46) than AC (-28.8 min, ∆% = -5.8) compared to BL. AC and RC significantly increased waking after sleep onset (3.5 min, ∆% = 15.05, to 9.9 min, ∆% = 43.11%) and number of errors made on the Stroop test (1.8 error, ∆% = 74.23, to 3.07 error, ∆% = 97.56%). Children made 0.15 and 0.8 more errors (∆% = 6.2 to 57.61%) and spent 46.9 s and 71.6 s more time on CRT tasks (∆% = 7.22 to 11.11%) with AC and RC, respectively, compared to BL. The high-interference index of the Stroop task, CMJ performance, and 30 m sprint speed were only altered (p < 0.01) following RC (0.36, Δ% = 41.52%; -34 s, Δ% = -9.29%, for flight time and -1.23 m, -8.72%, for jump height; 0.49 s, Δ% = 6.48, respectively) when compared to BL. In conclusion, one- or five-night exposure to smartphones disturbed the children's sleep quality and their performance, with more pronounced effects following RC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Abid
- Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia;
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, Faculty of Sport Sciences, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
| | - Rami Maaloul
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
| | - Mariem Boudaya
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia;
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, Faculty of Sport Sciences, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stefanopoulou M, Ruhé N, Portengen L, van Wel L, Vrijkotte TGM, Vermeulen R, Huss A. Associations of light exposure patterns with sleep among Dutch children: The ABCD cohort study. J Sleep Res 2024:e14184. [PMID: 38410057 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Light exposure affects the circadian system and consequently can affect sleep quality. Only few studies examined this relationship in children. We evaluated associations between light exposure patterns and sleep metrics in children. We measured the sleep parameters of 247 Dutch children, aged between 11 and 13 years and recruited from the ABCD cohort, using actigraphy and sleep records for 7 consecutive nights. Personal light exposures were measured with a light meter during the whole day and night. We applied generalized mixed-effects regression models, adjusted for possible confounders, to evaluate the associations of light exposure patterns on sleep duration, sleep efficiency and sleep-onset delay. In the models mutually adjusted for potential confounders, we found the amount of hours between the first time of bright light in the morning and going to sleep and the duration of bright light to be significantly associated with decreased sleep duration (in min; β: -2.02 [95% confidence interval: -3.84, -0.25], β: -8.39 [95% confidence interval: -16.70, -0.07], respectively) and with shorter sleep-onset delay (odds ratio: 0.88 [95% confidence interval: 0.80, 0.97], odds ratio: 0.40 [95% confidence interval: 0.19, 0.87], respectively). Increased light intensities at night were associated with decreased sleep duration (T2 β: -8.54 [95% confidence interval: -16.88, -0.20], T3 β: -14.83 [95% confidence interval: -28.04, -1.62]), while increased light intensities before going to bed were associated with prolonged sleep onset (odds ratio: 4.02 [95% confidence interval: 2.09, 7.73]). These findings further suggest that children may be able to influence their sleep quality by influencing the light exposure patterns during day and night.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi Ruhé
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lützen Portengen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk van Wel
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Odebrecht Vergne de Abreu AC, Alves Braga de Oliveira M, Alquati T, Tonon AC, de Novaes Reis M, Camargo Rossi A, Sbaraini Bonatto F, Paz Hidalgo M. Use of Light Protection Equipment at Night Reduces Time Until Discharge From the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Randomized Interventional Study. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:68-78. [PMID: 37846856 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231201752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Newborn infants' circadian systems are not completely developed and rely on external temporal cues for synchronizing their biological rhythms to the environment. In neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), lighting is usually continuous or irregular and infants are exposed to artificial light at night, which can have negative health consequences. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the use of individual light protection equipment at night on the development and growth of preterm neonates. Infants born at less than 37 gestational weeks who no longer needed constant intensive care were admitted into a newborn nursery and randomized to either use eye masks at night (intervention, n = 21) or not (control, n = 20). Infants who used eye protection at night were discharged earlier than those in the control group (8 [5] vs 12 [3.75] days; p < 0.05). A greater variation within the day in heart rate was observed in the intervention group, with lower values of beats per minute at 1400 and 2000 h. There was no significant difference in weight gain between groups. In view of our results and of previous findings present in the literature, we suggest that combining a darkened environment at night with individual light protection devices creates better conditions for the development of preterm infants in the NICU. In addition, eye masks are an affordable and simple-to-use tool that can reduce hospitalization costs by decreasing the number of days spent in the NICU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Odebrecht Vergne de Abreu
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa Alves Braga de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tamila Alquati
- Neonatology Department, Hospital Nossa Senhora de Pompéia, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - André Comiran Tonon
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Novaes Reis
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Augusto Camargo Rossi
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sbaraini Bonatto
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Paz Hidalgo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu YX, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Wan YH, Su PY, Tao FB, Sun Y. Association Between Bedroom Light Pollution With Subjectively and Objectively Measured Sleep Parameters Among Chinese Young Adults. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:169-176. [PMID: 37791923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the cross-sectional associations between real-world multiperiod bedroom light at night and sleep parameters among 365 Chinese young adults. METHODS Bedroom light exposure was estimated at the individual level for two consecutive days using a portable illuminance meter. Subjective sleep parameters were measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and objective sleep parameters were assessed by wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometers for seven consecutive days. RESULTS Compared with the low-exposure group (average light intensity < 3lx), the high-exposure group (average light intensity ≥ 3lx) was associated with decreased 1.15% in sleep efficiency (sleep efficiency, 95% CI: -1.78, -0.52; p < .001), increased 3.94 minutes in wake after sleep onset (wake after sleep onset, 95% CI: 1.55, 6.33; p = .001), increased 1.05 unit in movement index (95% CI: 0.20, 1.89; p = .015), and increased 2.16 unit in sleep fragmentation index ( 95% CI: 0.63, 3.68; p = .006). In comparison, each interquartile increase in 2h-average and 1h-average intensity of preawake light (PAL) (PAL-2h and PAL-1h) was associated with 7.04 minutes of increases in total sleep time (95% CI: 0.87, 13.22; p = .025) and 6.69 minutes of increases in total sleep time (95% CI: 0.51, 12.87; p = .034), respectively. DISCUSSION Altogether, our results support the role of bedroom light exposure in sleep and imply the importance of bedroom light exposure management as a potential strategy to reduce the public health burden of sleep problems. Keeping the bedroom environment dark at night and allowing moderate morning light exposure may be important measures for improving the sleep quality of young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Hui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Pu-Yu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chekani Azar S, Sabuncuoğlu Çoban N. Nesfatin-1 protects the reproductive health of male Sprague Dawley rats exposed to blue and white LED lights. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19962. [PMID: 37968298 PMCID: PMC10652020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is little information on the effects of exposure to light emitting diode (LED) illumination on the welfare of laboratory animals. Nesfatin-1, a satiety-regulation peptide present in various tissues, is found in the central nervous system and participates in the stress response. The present study investigated whether exposure to blue and white LED lights for 14 weeks affected growth and reproductive, biochemical and histopathological parameters in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats as well as whether subcutaneous (SC) injection of nesfatin-1 (0.5 mg/kg bodyweight) in the last two weeks of the experimental period alleviated these effects. Forty male SD rats (21 days of age) were randomly allotted to 6 groups. The animals were exposed to routine fluorescent light (the control [C] and control + sesame oil [CS] groups) or blue/white LEDs (the blue-LED and white-LED groups), accompanied by nesfatin-1 administration (the blue-LED-N1 and white-LED-N1 groups). White-LED rats had significantly higher testis weights (p < 0.05) than control and blue-LED rats. Serum melatonin levels were significantly lower in blue-LED rats, but nesfatin-1 injection rescued melatonin levels in blue-LED-N1 rats (p < 0.05). Blue-LED rats showed the highest serum nesfatin-1 levels, but nesfatin-1 injection decreased nesfatin-1 levels in blue-LED-N1 rats (p < 0.0001). Blue-LED rats showed a significant reduction in sperm motility compared to the other groups (p < 0.0001). White and blue LED exposure caused significant negative histopathological changes in the testes, but nesfatin-1 administration reduced edema in the intertubular spaces, hyperemia in the interstitial cells, degeneration of spermatocytes and thinning of the tubular wall in the testicular tissues; these restorative effects were larger in blue-LED-N1 rats than white-LED-N1 rats. Blue and white LED exposures had negative effects on melatonin levels, testis weights and tissue health. Nesfatin-1 alleviated some of the negative effects of LED lighting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Chekani Azar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Nilüfer Sabuncuoğlu Çoban
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schöllhorn I, Stefani O, Blume C, Cajochen C. Seasonal Variation in the Responsiveness of the Melanopsin System to Evening Light: Why We Should Report Season When Collecting Data in Human Sleep and Circadian Studies. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:651-666. [PMID: 37987395 PMCID: PMC10660855 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that variations in light exposure during the day affect light sensitivity in the evening. More daylight reduces sensitivity, and less daylight increases it. On average days, we spend less time outdoors in winter and receive far less light than in summer. Therefore, it could be relevant when collecting research data on the non-image forming (NIF) effects of light on circadian rhythms and sleep. In fact, studies conducted only in winter may result in more pronounced NIF effects than in summer. Here, we systematically collected information on the extent to which studies on the NIF effects of evening light include information on season and/or light history. We found that more studies were conducted in winter than in summer and that reporting when a study was conducted or measuring individual light history is not currently a standard in sleep and circadian research. In addition, we sought to evaluate seasonal variations in a previously published dataset of 72 participants investigating circadian and sleep effects of evening light exposure in a laboratory protocol where daytime light history was not controlled. In this study, we selectively modulated melanopic irradiance at four different light levels (<90 lx). Here, we aimed to retrospectively evaluate seasonal variations in the responsiveness of the melanopsin system by combining all data sets in an exploratory manner. Our analyses suggest that light sensitivity is indeed reduced in summer compared to winter. Thus, to increase the reproducibility of NIF effects on sleep and circadian measures, we recommend an assessment of the light history and encourage standardization of reporting guidelines on the seasonal distribution of measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Schöllhorn
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (I.S.); (O.S.)
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Stefani
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (I.S.); (O.S.)
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
- Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Engineering and Architecture, Technikumstrasse 21, 6048 Horw, Switzerland
| | - Christine Blume
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (I.S.); (O.S.)
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (I.S.); (O.S.)
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mead MP, Reid KJ, Knutson KL. Night-to-night associations between light exposure and sleep health. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13620. [PMID: 35599235 PMCID: PMC9679040 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that exposure to light preceding and during sleep is associated with poor sleep, but most research to date has utilized either experimental or cross-sectional designs. The current study expands upon prior studies by using a microlongitudinal design that examines the night-to-night associations between light and sleep health in a diverse sample of adults (pre-registered at osf.io/k5zgv). US adults aged 18-87 years from two parent studies (N = 124) wore an actiwatch for up to 10 nights. Light variables estimated from actigraphy include both average exposure and time above light threshold of 10 (TALT10 ) and 40 (TALT40 ) lux both during sleep and for the 1-hr preceding sleep. Actigraphy-based sleep variables included sleep offset, duration, percentage and fragmentation index. Higher average light exposure during sleep was associated with a later sleep-offset time, lower sleep percentage and higher fragmentation index (all p < 0.01). More minutes of TALT10 during sleep was associated with later sleep timing, lower sleep percentage and higher fragmentation index (all p < 0.01), and greater TALT40 during sleep was associated with lower sleep percentage. Light exposure was not related to sleep duration. In summary, greater light exposure during sleep was related to poorer sleep continuity and later wake time. The lack of association between light and sleep duration may be the result of compensating for sleep disruption by delaying wake time. Multi-level interventions to consistently reduce light levels during sleep should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Mead
- Center for Circadian & Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathryn J Reid
- Center for Circadian & Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristen L Knutson
- Center for Circadian & Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ishihara A, Courville AB, Chen KY. The Complex Effects of Light on Metabolism in Humans. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061391. [PMID: 36986120 PMCID: PMC10056135 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is an essential part of many life forms. The natural light–dark cycle has been the dominant stimulus for circadian rhythms throughout human evolution. Artificial light has restructured human activity and provided opportunities to extend the day without reliance on natural day–night cycles. The increase in light exposure at unwanted times or a reduced dynamic range of light between the daytime and nighttime has introduced negative consequences for human health. Light exposure is closely linked to sleep–wake regulation, activity and eating patterns, body temperature, and energy metabolism. Disruptions to these areas due to light are linked to metabolic abnormalities such as an increased risk of obesity and diabetes. Research has revealed that various properties of light influence metabolism. This review will highlight the complex role of light in human physiology, with a specific emphasis on metabolic regulation from the perspective of four main properties of light (intensity, duration, timing of exposure, and wavelength). We also discuss the potential influence of the key circadian hormone melatonin on sleep and metabolic physiology. We explore the relationship between light and metabolism through circadian physiology in various populations to understand the optimal use of light to mitigate short and long-term health consequences.
Collapse
|
9
|
Taylor LA, Thawley CJ, Pertuit OR, Dennis AJ, Carson IR, Tang C, Johnson MA. Artificial light at night alters diurnal and nocturnal behavior and physiology in green anole lizards. Physiol Behav 2022; 257:113992. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
10
|
Cleary-Gaffney M, Espey B, Coogan AN. Association of perceptions of artificial light-at-night, light-emitting device usage and environmental noise appraisal with psychological distress, sleep quality and chronotype: A cross sectional study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11284. [PMID: 36387517 PMCID: PMC9647348 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to artificial light-at-night (ALAN) is increasing globally, and there are concerns around how ALAN may impact sleep, psychological and physical health. However, there is a lack of evidence in the literature on how individuals perceive ALAN relative to their sleeping environment and habits, and how such perceptions correspond to objectively assessed night-time illuminance at the level of the residence. This cross-sectional study examined how such perceptions associate with sleep quality, sleep timing, psychological distress and cognitive failures. Further we examined the association between illuminance levels calculated as the biologically-relevant melatonin-suppression index (MSI) and the self-report of perception of ALAN. Five hundred and fifty two adult participants completed a survey addressing perception of ALAN in sleep environment along with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, Cognitive Failure Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire. We report that perception of external ALAN in the sleeping environment was associated with poorer sleep quality, more cognitive failures and greater psychological distress, when controlling for age, sex, house location and MSI. No associations were found between the perception of external ALAN and MSI scores, and MSI scores were not associated with scores on any of the self-report measures. Internal lighting passing into the sleeping environment was associated with poorer sleep quality but not with psychological wellbeing. Habitual use of light-emitting devices was associated with poorer psychological wellbeing but not with sleep quality and sleep timing. Perception of environmental noise annoyance at night was associated with higher psychological distress and poorer quality sleep, and the perception of noise annoyance was associated with perception of ALAN. These results may suggest heightened attentional bias towards ALAN associated with poor sleep quality and higher levels of psychological distress, and highlight the need for more granular approaches in the study of ALAN and sleep and psychological health in terms of levels individual ALAN exposure, and an interpretation that seeks to integrate biological and psychological perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Espey
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew N. Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Ireland
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Caballero-Bruno I, Wohllebe T, Töpfer D, Hernández-Castellano PM. The effect of seating recline on sleep quality, comfort and pressure distribution in moving autonomous vehicles. Appl Ergon 2022; 105:103844. [PMID: 35803165 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The revolution of technologically advanced vehicles with a high level of automation involves a profound transformation. The focus of most research in this area has been on the use of travel time for different use cases. Sleeping is one of the most time-consuming activities in everyone's life; therefore, this has been described as one of the most desired use cases for fully automated vehicles. In order to identify the best conditions to allow sleep and improve sleep quality while travelling in such vehicles, two studies were performed: a sleep study and a pressure distribution study, the results of which are included in this document. The focus of both studies was on two seat positions: reclined (60° backrest recline) and flat (87° backrest recline). In the sleep study, forty participants had the opportunity to sleep during a 90-min drive in order to evaluate long-term comfort and subjective sleep quantity and quality. Although both positions resulted in generally similar results in terms of sleep and comfort, some significant differences were identified. Karolinska Sleepiness Scale results showed that sleepiness increased in the reclined position, whereas it decreased in the flat position. Moreover, the self-reported parameter Wake After Sleep Onset was higher in the reclined position. In the pressure distribution study, it was possible to identify specific seat prototype limitations indicating inadequate support, which was related to discomfort detected during the sleep study. As a conclusion, the comparison between the reclined and flat positions showed indications that, in moving fully automated vehicles, the flat seat position is the most comfortable and effective for sleeping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Caballero-Bruno
- Volkswagen AG, D- 38436, Wolfsburg, Germany; University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gabinet NM, Portnov BA. Investigating the combined effect of ALAN and noise on sleep by simultaneous real-time monitoring using low-cost smartphone devices. Environ Res 2022; 214:113941. [PMID: 35931188 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The association between artificial light at night (ALAN) and noise, on the one hand, and sleep, on the other, is well established. Yet studies investigating these associations have been infrequent and mostly conducted in controlled laboratory conditions. As a result, little is known about the applicability of their results to real-world settings. In this paper, we attempt to bridge this knowledge gap by carrying out an individual-level real-world study, involving 72 volunteers from different urban localities in Israel. The survey participants were asked to use their personal smartphones and smartwatches to monitor sleep patterns for 30 consecutive days, while ALAN and noise exposures were monitored in parallel, with inputs reported each second. The volunteers were also asked to fill in a questionnaire about their individual attributes, daily habits, room settings, and personal health, to serve as individual-level controls. Upon cointegration, the assembled data were co-analyzed using bivariate and multivariate statistical tools. As the study reveals, the effect of ALAN and noise on sleep largely depends on when the exposure occurred, that is, before sleep or during sleep. In particular, the effect of ALAN exposure was found to be most pronounced if it occurred before sleep, while exposure to noise mattered most if it occurred during the sleep phase. As the study also reveals, the effects of ALAN and noise appear to amplify each other, with a 14-15.3% reduction in sleep duration and an 8-9% reduction in sleep efficiency observed at high levels of ALAN-noise exposures. The study helped to assemble a massive amount of real-time observations, enabling a robust individual-level analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahum M Gabinet
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
| | - Boris A Portnov
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Q, Wang Z, Cao J, Dong Y, Chen Y. Dim Blue Light at Night Induces Spatial Memory Impairment in Mice by Hippocampal Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1218. [PMID: 35883709 PMCID: PMC9311634 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Light pollution is one of the most serious public problems, especially the night light. However, the effect of dim blue light at night (dLAN-BL) on cognitive function is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of exposure to dLAN-BL in C57BL/6J mice for 4 consecutive weeks. Our results showed dLAN-BL significantly impaired spatial learning and memory and increased plasma corticosterone level in mice. Consistent with these changes, we observed dLAN-BL significantly increased the numbers and activation of microglia and the levels of oxidative stress product MDA in the hippocampus, decreased the levels of antioxidant enzymes Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Gluathione reductase (Gsr), total antioxidants (T-AOC) and the number of neurons in the hippocampus, up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of IL6, TNF-α and the protein expression levels of iNOS, COX2, TLR4, p-p65, Cleaved-Caspase3 and BAX, and down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of IL4, IL10, Psd95, Snap25, Sirt1, Dcx and the protein expression level of BCL2. In vitro results further showed corticosterone (10uM)-induced BV2 cell activation and up-regulated content of IL6, TNF-α in the cell supernatant and the protein expression levels of iNOS, COX2, p-p65 in BV2 cells. Our findings suggested dLAN-BL up-regulated plasma corticosterone level and hippocampal microglia activation, which in turn caused oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, leading to neuronal loss and synaptic dysfunction, ultimately leading to spatial learning and memory dysfunction in mice.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lamphar H, Kocifaj M, Limón-Romero J, Paredes-Tavares J, Chakameh SD, Mego M, Prado NJ, Baez-López YA, Diez ER. Light pollution as a factor in breast and prostate cancer. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150918. [PMID: 34653461 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Light pollution is a global environmental issue that affects photosensitive organisms. For instance, several researchers have recognized melatonin suppression in humans as a direct cause of long-term exposure to high artificial light levels at night. Others have identified low melatonin levels as a risk factor for a higher prevalence of hormone-sensitive cancer. This paper analyzes the association between light pollution, estimated as the emission analysis of satellite worldwide nighttime light collections from 1999 to 2012, and 25,025 breast and 16,119 prostate cancer events from 2003 to 2012. Both types of cancer increased during the study period, but light pollution increased in urban and peri-urban areas and decreased in rural areas. Cumulative light pollution during 5 years showed a positive association with breast cancer but not with prostate cancer. The association between light pollution and breast cancer persisted when adjusted to age-standardized rates with a mean increase of 10.9 events per 100,000 population-year (95% confidence interval 7.0 to 14.8). We conclude that exposure to elevated light pollution levels could be a risk factor for breast cancer in Slovakia. This work can interest researchers who study relationships between atmospheric pollutants and the growing cancer epidemic. The results and the methodology can be extrapolated to any country in the world if data is available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Lamphar
- Cátedras CONACYT, 08400 Ciudad de México, Mexico; ICA, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Miroslav Kocifaj
- ICA, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 03 Bratislava, Slovakia; Faculty of Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics, Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jorge Limón-Romero
- UABC, Facultad de Ingeniería Arquitectura y Diseño, 22860 Ensenada, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Michal Mego
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Medical Faculty and National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Natalia Jorgelina Prado
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina; Institute of Medical and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, UNCuyo CONICET, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina.
| | | | - Emiliano Raúl Diez
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina; Institute of Medical and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, UNCuyo CONICET, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fernandez FX. Current Insights into Optimal Lighting for Promoting Sleep and Circadian Health: Brighter Days and the Importance of Sunlight in the Built Environment. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:25-39. [PMID: 35023979 PMCID: PMC8747801 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s251712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective considers the possibility that daytime's intrusion into night made possible by electric lighting may not be as pernicious to sleep and circadian health as the encroachment of nighttime into day wrought by 20th century architectural practices that have left many people estranged from sunlight.
Collapse
|
16
|
Amdisen L, Daugaard S, Vestergaard JM, Vested A, Bonde JP, Vistisen HT, Christoffersen J, Garde AH, Hansen ÅM, Markvart J, Schlünssen V, Kolstad HA. A longitudinal study of morning, evening, and night light intensities and nocturnal sleep quality in a working population. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:579-589. [PMID: 34903140 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.2010741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether higher light intensity in the morning is associated with better nocturnal sleep quality and whether higher light intensities in the evening or night have the opposite effect. Light intensity was recorded for 7 consecutive days across the year among 317 indoor and outdoor daytime workers in Denmark (55-56° N) equipped with a personal light recorder. Participants reported sleep quality after each nocturnal sleep. Sleep quality was measured using three parameters; disturbed sleep index, awakening index, and sleep onset latency. Associations between increasing light intensities and sleep quality were analyzed using mixed effects models with participant identity as a random effect. Overall, neither white nor blue light intensities during morning, evening, or night were associated with sleep quality, awakening, or sleep onset latency of the subsequent nocturnal sleep. However, secondary analyses suggested that artificial light during the morning and day contrary to solar light may increase vulnerability to evening light exposure. Altogether, we were not able to confirm that higher morning light intensity significantly improves self-reported sleep quality or that higher evening or night light intensities impair self-reported sleep quality at exposure levels encountered during daily life in a working population in Denmark. This suggests that light intensities alone are not important for sleep quality to a degree that it is distinguishable from other important parameters in daily life settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lau Amdisen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stine Daugaard
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper Medom Vestergaard
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University Research Clinic, Herning, Denmark
| | - Anne Vested
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helene Tilma Vistisen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Christoffersen
- Knowledge Centre for Daylight, Energy and Indoor Climate, Velux A/s, Velux Group, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- Danish Ministry of Employment, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Ministry of Employment, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Markvart
- Department of the Built Environment, Division of Energy Efficiency, Indoor Climate and Sustainability of Buildings, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Albert Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The shale oil and gas boom has had large economic, environmental, and social impacts on rural communities in the United States. This study provides novel estimates of the impacts of shale oil and gas development on light pollution in rural areas of the United States. Using nationwide, time-calibrated DMSP-OLS database from 2000 to 2012, we find robust evidence that the shale oil and gas boom significantly increased light pollution in rural areas. We then assess associations between horizontal drilling and subjective self-rated health using nationwide data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 2000 to 2012. Our findings suggest that insufficient sleep and poor health (physical or mental) are associated with increased drilling in rural areas. These results provide support for drilling-related light pollution as an additional environmental pathway of concern for public health beyond the mechanisms of air or water pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Boslett
- Dept. of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA 14620
| | - Elaine Hill
- Dept. of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA 14620
- Dept. of Economics, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA 14620
| | - Lala Ma
- Dept. of Economics, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, USA 40506
| | - Lujia Zhang
- Dept. of Economics, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, USA 14620
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mendoza J. Nighttime Light Hurts Mammalian Physiology: What Diurnal Rodent Models Are Telling Us. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:236-250. [PMID: 33915800 PMCID: PMC8167723 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural sunlight permits organisms to synchronize their physiology to the external world. However, in current times, natural sunlight has been replaced by artificial light in both day and nighttime. While in the daytime, indoor artificial light is of lower intensity than natural sunlight, leading to a weak entrainment signal for our internal biological clock, at night the exposure to artificial light perturbs the body clock and sleep. Although electric light at night allows us "to live in darkness", our current lifestyle facilitates nighttime exposure to light by the use, or abuse, of electronic devices (e.g., smartphones). The chronic exposure to light at nighttime has been correlated to mood alterations, metabolic dysfunctions, and poor cognition. To decipher the brain mechanisms underlying these alterations, fundamental research has been conducted using animal models, principally of nocturnal nature (e.g., mice). Nevertheless, because of the diurnal nature of human physiology, it is also important to find and propose diurnal animal models for the study of the light effects in circadian biology. The present review provides an overview of the effects of light at nighttime on physiology and behavior in diurnal mammals, including humans. Knowing how the brain reacts to artificial light exposure, using diurnal rodent models, is fundamental for the development of new strategies in human health based in circadian biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Mendoza
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience CNRS UPR3212, University of Strasburg, 8 allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Sleep has a multitude of benefits and is generally considered necessary for optimal performance. Disruption of sleep by extended photoperiods, moonlight and artificial light could therefore impair performance in humans and non-human animals alike. Here, we review the evidence for effects of light on sleep and subsequent performance in birds. There is accumulating evidence that exposure to natural and artificial sources of light regulates and suppresses sleep in diurnal birds. Sleep also benefits avian cognitive performance, including during early development. Nevertheless, multiple studies suggest that light can prolong wakefulness in birds without impairing performance. Although there is still limited research on this topic, these results raise intriguing questions about the adaptive value of sleep. Further research into the links between light, sleep and performance, including the underlying mechanisms and consequences for fitness, could shed new light on sleep evolution and urban ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Aulsebrook
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (R.D.J.); (J.A.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Robin D. Johnsson
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (R.D.J.); (J.A.L.)
| | - John A. Lesku
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (R.D.J.); (J.A.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Okuliarova M, Mazgutova N, Majzunova M, Rumanova VS, Zeman M. Dim Light at Night Impairs Daily Variation of Circulating Immune Cells and Renal Immune Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2021; 11:614960. [PMID: 33552079 PMCID: PMC7862740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dim light at night (dLAN) has become a pervasive part of the modern world, and growing evidence shows its association with increased health risks. Though this link is attributed to a disturbed circadian clock, the underlying mechanisms that can explain how circadian disruption from dLAN causes negative health effects remain unclear. Here, we exposed rats to a light–dark cycle (12:12 h) with low-intensity light at night (~2 lx) for 2 and 5 weeks and explored the steady-state pattern of circulating immune cells and renal immune-related markers, which are well controlled by the circadian clock. After 5 weeks, dLAN impaired the daily variation in several types of white blood cells, especially monocytes and T cells. Two-week dLAN caused a reduction in blood monocytes and altered gene expression of macrophage marker Cd68 and monocyte-attracting chemokine Ccl2 in the kidney. Interestingly, dLAN decreased renal 3-nitrotyrosine levels and resulted in up-regulation of the main endogenous antioxidant pathways, indicating a disturbance in the renal redox balance and an activation of compensatory mechanisms. These effects paralleled the altered renal expression of the molecular clock components and increased plasma corticosterone levels. Together, our results show that chronic exposure to dLAN weakened the circadian control of daily variation of circulating immune cells and disturbed renal immune and redox homeostasis. Consequences of this dLAN-disturbed immune balance on the ability of the immune system to cope with other challenges should by clarified in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Okuliarova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nikoleta Mazgutova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Majzunova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Valentina Sophia Rumanova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Stebelova K, Roska J, Zeman M. Impact of Dim Light at Night on Urinary 6-Sulphatoxymelatonin Concentrations and Sleep in Healthy Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207736. [PMID: 33086713 PMCID: PMC7588991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night can have negative effects on human wellbeing and health. It can disrupt circadian rhythms, interfere with sleep, and participate in the progress of civilisation diseases. The aim of the present study was to explore if dim artificial light during the entire night (ALAN) can affect melatonin production and sleep quality in young volunteers. We performed two experiments in real-life home-based conditions. Young volunteers (n = 33) were exposed to four nights of one lux ALAN or two nights of five lux ALAN. Melatonin production, based on 6-sulphatoxymelatonin/creatinine concentrations in urine, and sleep quality, based on actimetry, were evaluated. Exposure to ALAN one lux during the entire night did not suppress aMT6s/creatinine concentrations but did aggravate sleep quality by increasing sleep fragmentation and one-minute immobility. ALAN up to five lux reduced melatonin biosynthesis significantly and interfered with sleep quality, as evidenced by an increased percentage of one-minute immobility and a tendency of increased fragmentation index. Our results show that people are more sensitive to low illuminance during the entire night, as previously expected. ALAN can interfere with melatonin production and sleep quality in young, healthy individuals, and both processes have different sensitivities to light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Stebelova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak; (J.R.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan Roska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak; (J.R.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak
| | - Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak; (J.R.); (M.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schilperoort M, van den Berg R, Coomans CP, Khedoe PPSJ, Ramkisoensing A, Boekestijn S, Wang Y, Berbée JFP, Meijer JH, Biermasz NR, Rensen PCN, Kooijman S. Continuous Light Does Not Affect Atherosclerosis in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP Mice. J Biol Rhythms 2020; 35:598-611. [PMID: 32915671 PMCID: PMC7683885 DOI: 10.1177/0748730420951320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Artificial light exposure is associated with dyslipidemia in humans, which is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, it remains unclear whether artificial light at night can exacerbate atherosclerosis. In this study, we exposed female APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice, a well-established model for human-like lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, to either a regular light-dark cycle or to constant bright light for 14 weeks. Mice exposed to constant light demonstrated a minor reduction in food intake, without any effect on body weight, body composition, or the weight of metabolic organs. Constant light increased the plasma levels of proatherogenic non–high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol but did not increase the size or severity of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root. Mice exposed to constant light did show lower immune cell counts, which could explain the absence of an effect of atherosclerosis despite increased non–HDL cholesterol levels. Behavioral analysis demonstrated variability in the response of mice to the light intervention. Constant light completely blunted behavioral rhythms in some mice, while others extended their behavioral period. However, rhythm strength was not an important determinant of atherosclerosis. Altogether, these results demonstrate that constant bright light does not affect atherosclerosis in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice. Whether artificial light exposure contributes to cardiovascular disease risk in humans remains to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Schilperoort
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa van den Berg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia P Coomans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Padmini P S J Khedoe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ashna Ramkisoensing
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Boekestijn
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jimmy F P Berbée
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna H Meijer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke R Biermasz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Panagiotou M, Rohling JHT, Deboer T. Sleep Network Deterioration as a Function of Dim-Light-At-Night Exposure Duration in a Mouse Model. Clocks Sleep 2020; 2:308-324. [PMID: 33089206 PMCID: PMC7573811 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep2030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial light, despite its widespread and valuable use, has been associated with deterioration of health and well-being, including altered circadian timing and sleep disturbances, particularly in nocturnal exposure. Recent findings from our lab reveal significant sleep and sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) changes owing to three months exposure to dim-light-at-night (DLAN). Aiming to further explore the detrimental effects of DLAN exposure, in the present study, we continuously recorded sleep EEG and the electromyogram for baseline 24-h and following 6-h sleep deprivation in a varied DLAN duration scheme. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to a 12:12 h light:DLAN cycle (75lux:5lux) vs. a 12:12 h light:dark cycle (75lux:0lux) for one day, one week, and one month. Our results show that sleep was already affected by a mere day of DLAN exposure with additional complications emerging with increasing DLAN exposure duration, such as the gradual delay of the daily 24-h vigilance state rhythms. We conducted detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) on the locomotor activity data following 1-month and 3-month DLAN exposure, and a significantly less healthy rest-activity pattern, based on the decreased alpha values, was found in both conditions compared to the control light-dark. Taking into account the behavioral, sleep and the sleep EEG parameters, our data suggest that DLAN exposure, even in the shortest duration, induces deleterious effects; nevertheless, potential compensatory mechanisms render the organism partly adjustable and able to cope. We think that, for this reason, our data do not always depict linear divergence among groups, as compared with control conditions. Chronic DLAN exposure impacts the sleep regulatory system, but also brain integrity, diminishing its adaptability and reactivity, especially apparent in the sleep EEG alterations and particular low alpha values following DFA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Panagiotou
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.P.); (J.H.T.R.)
| | - Jos H T Rohling
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.P.); (J.H.T.R.)
| | - Tom Deboer
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.P.); (J.H.T.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Aulsebrook AE, Connelly F, Johnsson RD, Jones TM, Mulder RA, Hall ML, Vyssotski AL, Lesku JA. White and Amber Light at Night Disrupt Sleep Physiology in Birds. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3657-3663.e5. [PMID: 32707063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Artificial light at night can disrupt sleep in humans [1-4] and other animals [5-10]. A key mechanism for light to affect sleep is via non-visual photoreceptors that are most sensitive to short-wavelength (blue) light [11]. To minimize effects of artificial light on sleep, many electronic devices shift from white (blue-rich) to amber (blue-reduced) light in the evening. Switching outdoor lighting from white to amber might also benefit wildlife [12]. However, whether these two colors of light affect sleep similarly in different animals remains poorly understood. Here we show, by measuring brain activity, that both white and amber lighting disrupt sleep in birds but that the magnitude of these effects differs between species. When experimentally exposed to light at night at intensities typical of urban areas, domestic pigeons (Columba livia) and wild-caught Australian magpies (Cracticus tibicen tyrannica) slept less, favored non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep over REM sleep, slept less intensely, and had more fragmented sleep compared to when lights were switched off. In pigeons, these disruptive effects on sleep were similar for white and amber lighting. For magpies, however, amber light had less impact on sleep. Our results demonstrate that amber lighting can minimize sleep disruption in some birds but that this benefit may not be universal. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Aulsebrook
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Farley Connelly
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Robin D Johnsson
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Therésa M Jones
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Raoul A Mulder
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michelle L Hall
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Bush Heritage Australia, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alexei L Vyssotski
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland
| | - John A Lesku
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lahiri A, Chakraborty A, Roy AKS, Dasgupta U, Bhattacharyya K. Effect of light pollution on self-reported sleep quality and its components: Comparative assessment among healthy adult populations in a rural and an Urban area of West Bengal, India. Indian J Public Health 2020; 64:229-235. [PMID: 32985422 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_265_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Light pollution is inappropriate or excessive use of artificial light. Nighttime sky radiance is an effective measure to study its effects on individual sleep quality. Objectives The study is aimed to measure the effect of light pollution on the sleep quality and compare among people residing in selected rural and urban areas of West Bengal, India. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted during September-October 2018 in 10 villages of Barasat II block and 10 wards of Kolkata Municipal Corporation. Two hundred and sixty-three participants from urban and 249 participants from rural areas were selected through multi-stage sampling. Data regarding sleep quality and other selected factors were geotagged along with the radiance data. Multi-level linear regression models were built. Results The mean age of the participants from rural and urban areas were respectively 37.65 (±10.77) years and 38.10 (±11.02) years. Gender-wise the participants were distributed almost evenly in urban and rural areas. Among the urban and rural population, the observed mean global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores were 12.63 (±3.04) and 9.23 (±2.27), respectively. Poorer sleep quality was observed to be statistically significant with increasing level of exposure. Multi-level models show that, at an exposure of >40.0 nW/cm2/sr the adjusted coefficient was 11.52 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.65, 13.40) in the overall model and 12.84 (95% CI: 12.31, 13.37) for urban participants. Conclusion The disturbance in sleep is associated with higher levels of night-time radiance of the sky strongly observed among the urban population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arista Lahiri
- Senior Resident, Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arup Chakraborty
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Amal Kumar Sinha Roy
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Malda Medical College, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Urmila Dasgupta
- Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnadas Bhattacharyya
- Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Baeza Moyano D, San Juan Fernández M, González Lezcano RA. Towards a Sustainable Indoor Lighting Design: Effects of Artificial Light on the Emotional State of Adolescents in the Classroom. Sustainability 2020; 12:4263. [DOI: 10.3390/su12104263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, articles have been published on the non-visual effects of light, specifically the light emitted by the new luminaires with light emitting diodes (LEDs) and by the screens of televisions, computer equipment, and mobile phones. Professionals from the world of optometry have raised the possibility that the blue part of the visible light from sources that emit artificial light could have pernicious effects on the retina. The aim of this work is to analyze the articles published on this subject, and to use existing information to elucidate the spectral composition and irradiance of new LED luminaires for use in the home and in public spaces such as educational centers, as well as considering the consequences of the light emitted by laptops for teenagers. The results of this research show that the amount of blue light emitted by electronic equipment is lower than that emitted by modern luminaires and thousands of times less than solar irradiance. On the other hand, the latest research warns that these small amounts of light received at night can have pernicious non-visual effects on adolescents. The creation of new LED luminaires for interior lighting, including in educational centers, where the intensity of blue light can be increased without any specific legislation for its control, makes regulatory developments imperative due to the possible repercussions on adolescents with unknown and unpredictable consequences.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kärki A, Paavonen EJ, Satomaa AL, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O, Himanen SL. Sleep architecture is related to the season of PSG recording in 8-month-old infants. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:921-934. [PMID: 32338075 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1754845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To date, little is known about the impact of season on infant sleep. In higher latitudes, the duration of daily light time varies substantially between different seasons, and environmental light is one potential factor affecting sleep. In this cohort study, one-night polysomnography (PSG) was performed on 72 healthy 8-month-old infants in 2012 and 2013 to study the effect of season on the sleep architecture of young infants in Finland. The children were divided into four subgroups, according to the amount of light during their birth season and the amount of light during the season of the PSG recordings, corresponding to spring, summer, autumn, and winter. We found that the season of birth did not have an impact on the infants' sleep architecture at 8 months of age, but the season of the PSG recording did have an effect on several sleep variables. In the PSGs conducted during the spring, there was less N3 sleep and more N2 sleep than in the PSGs conducted during the autumn. In addition, there was more fragmented sleep during spring than autumn. According to our data, the season has an effect on the sleep architecture of young infants and should, therefore, be considered when evaluating the PSG findings of young infants. The exact mechanisms behind this novel finding remain unclear, however. The findings imply that infants` sleep is affected by the season or light environment, as is the case in adult sleep. Since potential explanatory factors, such as direct natural or artificial light exposure and the melatonin levels of the infants, were not controlled, more research is needed in the future to better understand this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kärki
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy , Tampere, Finland
| | - E Juulia Paavonen
- Pediatric Research Center, Child Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Liisa Satomaa
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy , Tampere, Finland
| | - Outi Saarenpää-Heikkilä
- Center for Child Health Research Tampere University, Tampere University Hospital , Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University , Tampere, Finland
| | - Sari-Leena Himanen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy , Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University , Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Esaki Y, Obayashi K, Saeki K, Fujita K, Iwata N, Kitajima T. Association between light exposure at night and manic symptoms in bipolar disorder: cross-sectional analysis of the APPLE cohort. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:887-896. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1746799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Esaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Okehazama Hospital, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Obayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Fujita
- Department of Psychiatry, Okehazama Hospital, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Neuroscience Research Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kitajima
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
van de Langenberg D, Vlaanderen JJ, Dollé MET, Rookus MA, van Kerkhof LWM, Vermeulen RCH. Diet, Physical Activity, and Daylight Exposure Patterns in Night-Shift Workers and Day Workers. Ann Work Expo Health 2020; 63:9-21. [PMID: 30551215 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxy097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Night-shift work has been reported to have an impact on nutrition, daylight exposure, and physical activity, which might play a role in observed health effects. Because these exposures show diurnal variation, and shift work has been related with disturbances in the circadian rhythm, the timing of assessment of these factors requires careful consideration. Our aim was to describe the changes in patterns of diet, physical activity, and daylight exposure associated with night-shift work. Methods We conducted an observational study among female healthcare workers either regularly working night shifts or not working night shifts. We assessed physical activity and daylight exposure using continuous monitoring devices for 48 h. We logged dietary patterns (24 h) and other health- and work-associated characteristics. Two measurement sessions were conducted when participants did 'not' work night shifts, and one session was conducted during a night-shift period. Results Our study included 69 night-shift workers and 21 day workers. On days in which they conduct work but no night work, night-shift workers had similar physical activity and 24-h caloric intake, yet higher overall daylight exposures than day workers and were more often exposed around noon instead of mainly around 1800h. Night-shift workers were less exposed to daylight during the night-shift session compared to the non-night-shift session. Total caloric intakes did not significantly differ between sessions, but we did observe a shorter maximum fasting interval, more eating moments, and a higher percentage of fat intake during the night-shift session. Conclusion Observed differences in diet, physical activity, and exposure to daylight primarily manifested themselves through changes in exposure patterns, highlighting the importance of time-resolved measurements in night-shift-work research. Patterns in daylight exposure were primarily related to time of waking up and working schedule, whereas timing of dinner seemed primarily governed by social conventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniella van de Langenberg
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology (EEPI), Utrecht University, CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle J Vlaanderen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology (EEPI), Utrecht University, CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn E T Dollé
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Matti A Rookus
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda W M van Kerkhof
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology (EEPI), Utrecht University, CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Panagiotou M, Deboer T. Effects of Chronic Dim-light-at-night Exposure on Sleep in Young and Aged Mice. Neuroscience 2020; 426:154-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
31
|
Dunleavy G, Bajpai R, Comiran Tonon A, Chua AP, Cheung KL, Soh CK, Christopoulos G, de Vries H, Car J. Examining the Factor Structure of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in a Multi-Ethnic Working Population in Singapore. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E4590. [PMID: 31756941 PMCID: PMC6926964 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a widely used measure for assessing sleep impairment. Although it was developed as a unidimensional instrument, there is much debate that it contains multidimensional latent constructs. This study aims to investigate the dimensionality of the underlying factor structure of the PSQI in a multi-ethnic working population in Singapore. The PSQI was administered on three occasions (baseline, 3 months and 12 months) to full-time employees participating in a workplace cohort study. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) investigated the latent factor structure of the scale at each timepoint. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) evaluated the model identified by EFA, and additionally evaluated it against a single factor and a three-factor model. The EFA identified a two-factor model with similar internal consistency and goodness-of-fit across each timepoint. In the CFA, the two- and three-factor models were both superior to the unidimensional model. The two- and three-factor models of the PSQI were reliable, consistent and provided similar goodness-of-fit over time, and both models were superior to the unidimensional measure. We recommend using the two-factor model to assess sleep characteristics in working populations in Singapore, given that it performs as well as the three-factor model and is simpler compared to the latter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Dunleavy
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (R.B.); (J.C.)
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6022 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Ram Bajpai
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (R.B.); (J.C.)
- Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, David Weatherall Building, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - André Comiran Tonon
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Porto Alegre Clínicas Hospital (HCPA), R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350—Santa Cecilia, Porto Alegre 90035-007, RS, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Paulo Gama, 110—Farroupilha, Porto Alegre 90040-060, RS, Brazil
| | - Ai Ping Chua
- Department of Medicine, Jurong Health Campus, National University Health System, 1 Jurong East Street 21, Singapore 609606, Singapore;
| | - Kei Long Cheung
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, London UB8 3PH, UK;
| | - Chee-Kiong Soh
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Georgios Christopoulos
- Division of Leadership, Management and Organisation, Nanyang Business School, College of Business, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Hein de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6022 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Josip Car
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (R.B.); (J.C.)
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Esaki Y, Kitajima T, Obayashi K, Saeki K, Fujita K, Iwata N. Light exposure at night and sleep quality in bipolar disorder: The APPLE cohort study. J Affect Disord 2019; 257:314-20. [PMID: 31302520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbance in bipolar disorder (BD) is common and is associated with a risk for mood episode recurrence. Thus, it is important to identify factors that are related to sleep disturbance in BD. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between exposure to light at night (LAN) and sleep parameters in patients with BD. METHODS The sleep parameters of 175 outpatients with BD were recorded using actigraphy at their homes for seven consecutive nights and were evaluated using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The average LAN intensity in the bedroom during bedtime and rising time was measured using a portable photometer, and the participants were divided into two groups: "Light" (≥5 lx) and "Dark" (<5 lx). The association between LAN and sleep parameters was tested with multivariable analysis by adjusting for potential confounder such as age, gender, current smoker, mood state, day length, daytime light exposure, and sedative medications. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounder, the actigraphy sleep parameters showed significantly lower sleep efficiency (mean, 80.1%vs. 83.4%; p = 0.01), longer log-transformed sleep onset latency (2.9 vs. 2.6 min; p = 0.01), and greater wake after sleep onset (51.4 vs. 41.6 min; p = 0.02) in the Light group than in the Dark group. Whereas, there were no significant differences in the ISI scores between the groups. LIMITATIONS This was a cross-sectional study; therefore, the results do not necessarily imply that LAN causes sleep disturbance. CONCLUSIONS Reducing LAN exposure may contribute to improved sleep quality in patients with BD.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kärki A, Paavonen EJ, Satomaa AL, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O, Huhtala H, Himanen SL. Sleep architecture is related to birth season in 1-month-old infants. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1217-1226. [PMID: 31267784 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1629449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Individual variation in sleep quality, quantity, and architecture is pronounced in small infants. Reasons for this remain largely unclear, even though environmental and genetic factors have been suggested to play a role. In order to study the effect of birth seasons on infant sleep architecture, 85 healthy 1-month-old infants underwent an overnight polysomnography (PSG). The PSGs were conducted in 2011-2013. The cohort was divided into four subgroups according to the amount of seasonal light at the time of birth, with each group covering a period of approximately three months. The groups were labeled IL (increasing light), L (light), ID (increasing darkness), and D (dark), corresponding to spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. We found the amount of stage R sleep (precursor of REM sleep, formerly active sleep) to be the highest in infants born in summer, whereas infants born in winter presented the smallest amount of stage R sleep. Infants born in summer presented the smallest amount of stage T sleep (transitional sleep), while stage T sleep was most abundant in infants born in winter. In addition, infants born in summer showed the shortest total sleep time (TST) and the smallest number of awakenings during the study night. This was the first PSG study to find out that birth season modifies the sleep architecture of infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kärki
- a Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District , Tampere , Finland
| | - E Juulia Paavonen
- b Pediatric Research Center, Child Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland.,c Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Anna-Liisa Satomaa
- a Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District , Tampere , Finland
| | | | - Heini Huhtala
- e Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University , Tampere , Finland
| | - Sari-Leena Himanen
- a Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District , Tampere , Finland.,f Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University , Tampere , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Oral health practitioners routinely perform oral health assessments for the dental patient to determine if oral disease is present. Systemic health is often a contributor to oral health concerns. One area in particular that has a direct effect on oral structures and oral health is poor sleep quality and open mouth breathing. Sleep is a fundamental process of the human body, which regulates core biological functions. Sleep quality reflects a person's ability to fall asleep, stay asleep, and enter into the various rejuvenating sleep cycles for the full duration. A person who does not obtain quality sleep can exhibit a wide range of oral, systemic, and cognitive health problems. Obstructive sleep apnea, which historically has been considered an adult male disease, is being recognized more often in women children. Research suggests various oral malformations found in newborns and young children can manifest as obstructive sleep apnea in adults. Oral health professionals are in a position to recognize the relationship between sleep and health, identify sleep quality concerns in relation to oral health assessments, administer sleep quality assessments, and determine appropriate referrals for further sleep quality evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Schroeder
- Dental Hygienist-Researcher, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA
| | - JoAnn R Gurenlian
- Professor and Graduate Program Director, Department of Dental Hygiene, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mantua J, Bessey A, Sowden WJ, Chabuz R, Brager AJ, Capaldi VF, Simonelli G. A Review of Environmental Barriers to Obtaining Adequate Sleep in the Military Operational Context. Mil Med 2019; 184:e259-e266. [DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIntroductionSleep loss is ubiquitous in military settings, and it can be deleterious to cognitive, physiological, and operational functioning. This is especially true in the military operational context (e.g., training, garrison, combat) where continuous operations prevent adequate time for rest and recuperation. Furthermore, even when servicemembers do have opportunities for sleep, environmental disruptors in the military operational context make it difficult to obtain restorative sleep. Such environmental disruptors are potentially preventable or reversible, yet there is little public awareness of how to minimize or eliminate these sleep disruptors. Therefore, the goal of this review was to outline prominent environmental sleep disruptors, describe how they occur in the military operational context, and also discuss feasible strategies to mitigate these disruptors.Materials and MethodsWe discuss four factors – light, noise, temperature, and air pollution – that have previously been identified as prominent sleep disruptors in non-military settings. Additionally, we extracted publicly-available yearly temperature and pollution data, from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association and the Environmental Protection Agency, respectively, for major prominent military installations in the continental US in order to identify the sites at which servicemembers are at the greatest risk for environmental sleep disruptions.ResultsBased on previous literature, we concluded light and noise are the most easily mitigatable sleep-disrupting environmental factors. Air pollution and temperature, on the other hand, are more difficult to mitigate. We also propose that harsh/uncomfortable sleeping surface is a fifth critical, previously unexplored sleep disruptor in the military operational context. Furthermore, we identified several problematic military sites for air pollution for temperature. Specifically, each branch has major installations located in regions with extreme heat (especially the Army), and each branch has at least one major installation in a high air pollution region. These findings show that even when in training or garrison in the US, military servicemembers are at risk for having sleep disruption due to environmental factors.ConclusionsEnvironmental disruptors, such as light, noise, temperature, and air pollution, can negatively impact sleep in the military operational context. Simple, feasible steps can be taken to reduce sleep disruptions that are caused by light and noise. Yet there is a need for research and development on tools to mitigate air pollution, extreme temperatures, and inhospitable sleeping surfaces. Leadership at the discussed military bases and training facilities should focus on improving the sleep environment for individuals under their command. Such interventions could ultimately improve warfighter health, wellness, and operational performance, leading to greater warfighter readiness and lethality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janna Mantua
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Alexxa Bessey
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Walter J Sowden
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Richard Chabuz
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Allison J Brager
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Vincent F Capaldi
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Guido Simonelli
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wams EJ, Woelders T, Marring I, van Rosmalen L, Beersma DGM, Gordijn MCM, Hut RA. Linking Light Exposure and Subsequent Sleep: A Field Polysomnography Study in Humans. Sleep 2018; 40:4439587. [PMID: 29040758 PMCID: PMC5806586 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Study objectives To determine the effect of light exposure on subsequent sleep characteristics under ambulatory field conditions. Methods Twenty healthy participants were fitted with ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) and wrist-actigraphs to assess light exposure, rest–activity, sleep quality, timing, and architecture. Laboratory salivary dim-light melatonin onset was analyzed to determine endogenous circadian phase. Results Later circadian clock phase was associated with lower intensity (R2 = 0.34, χ2(1) = 7.19, p < .01), later light exposure (quadratic, controlling for daylength, R2 = 0.47, χ2(3) = 32.38, p < .0001), and to later sleep timing (R2 = 0.71, χ2(1) = 20.39, p < .0001). Those with later first exposure to more than 10 lux of light had more awakenings during subsequent sleep (controlled for daylength, R2 = 0.36, χ2(2) = 8.66, p < .05). Those with later light exposure subsequently had a shorter latency to first rapid eye movement (REM) sleep episode (R2 = 0.21, χ2(1) = 5.77, p < .05). Those with less light exposure subsequently had a higher percentage of REM sleep (R2 = 0.43, χ2(2) = 13.90, p < .001) in a clock phase modulated manner. Slow-wave sleep accumulation was observed to be larger after preceding exposure to high maximal intensity and early first light exposure (p < .05). Conclusions The quality and architecture of sleep is associated with preceding light exposure. We propose that light exposure timing and intensity do not only modulate circadian-driven aspects of sleep but also homeostatic sleep pressure. These novel ambulatory PSG findings are the first to highlight the direct relationship between light and subsequent sleep, combining knowledge of homeostatic and circadian regulation of sleep by light. Upon confirmation by interventional studies, this hypothesis could change current understanding of sleep regulation and its relationship to prior light exposure. Clinical trial details This study was not a clinical trial. The study was ethically approved and nationally registered (NL48468.042.14).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Wams
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Woelders
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Marring
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura van Rosmalen
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Domien G M Beersma
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke C M Gordijn
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.,Chrono@Work B.V., The Netherlands
| | - Roelof A Hut
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cho CH, Jung SY, Kapczinski F, Rosa AR, Lee HJ. Validation of the Korean Version of the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:1115-1120. [PMID: 30602104 PMCID: PMC6318494 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2018.10.21.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) is a scale used to clinically evaluate disturbances in biological rhythm. In this study, we aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the BRIAN (K-BRIAN) in a Korean population. METHODS A total of 181 participants, including 141 outpatients with bipolar disorder (BD; type I, 62; type II, 79) and 40 controls, were recruited. Construct validity was tested by comparing the mean K-BRIAN scores of the BD patients and control subjects. Concurrent validity was tested by evaluating the association between the K-BRIAN and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). RESULTS The mean K-BRIAN scores of the control subjects and patients with BD differed significantly (p<0.001). Particularly, the mean K-BRIAN score was considerably lower among control subjects (mean±standard deviation=35.00±8.88) than among patients with BD type I (41.19±12.10) and type II (50.18±13.73). The Cronbach's alpha for the K-BRIAN was 0.914. The K-BRIAN was found to correlate with the MEQ (r=-0.45, p<0.001). CONCLUSION The findings affirm that the K-BRIAN has good construct validity and internal consistency. This suggests that the K-BRIAN can be used to assess biological rhythms in the Korean population, especially for patients with mood disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yeon Jung
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adriane R Rosa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Postgraduate Program of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Min JY, Min KB. Outdoor Artificial Nighttime Light and Use of Hypnotic Medications in Older Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study. J Clin Sleep Med 2018; 14:1903-1910. [PMID: 30373695 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.7490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Outdoor artificial nighttime light is increasingly recognized as a form of environmental pollution. Excessive nighttime light exposure, whether from indoor or outdoor sources, has been associated with a number of deleterious effects on human health. We performed a population-based cohort study in South Korea to assess the possible association between outdoor nocturnal lighting and insomnia in older adults, as measured by prescriptions for hypnotic drugs. METHODS This study used data from the 2002-2013 National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC), and a total of 52,027 adults who were age 60 years or older were included in the study. Light data were based on satellite mapping of artificial light. The usage data of two hypnotic drugs, zolpidem (N05CF02) and triazolam (N05CD05), were extracted from the NHIS-NSC records. RESULTS Of the 52,027 patients in this cohort, 11,738 (22%) had prescriptions for hypnotic drugs. Increasing outdoor artificial nighttime light exposure (stratified by quartile) was associated with an increased prevalence of hypnotic prescriptions and daily dose intake. Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile 1, the regression coefficients for prescription days and daily defined doses of all hypnotic drugs and certain hypotonic drugs were significantly higher among those living in areas with higher outdoor artificial nighttime light (quartiles 2 through 4). CONCLUSIONS Outdoor artificial nighttime light exposure was significantly associated with prescription of hypnotic drugs in older adults. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that outdoor artificial nighttime light may cause sleep disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Min
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Bok Min
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dautovich ND, Schreiber DR, Imel JL, Tighe CA, Shoji KD, Cyrus J, Bryant N, Lisech A, O'Brien C, Dzierzewski JM. A systematic review of the amount and timing of light in association with objective and subjective sleep outcomes in community-dwelling adults. Sleep Health 2018; 5:31-48. [PMID: 30670164 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Light is considered the dominant environmental cue, or zeitgeber, influencing the sleep-wake cycle. Despite recognizing the importance of light for our well-being, less is known about the specific conditions under which light is optimally associated with better sleep. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to examine the association between the amount and timing of light exposure in relation to sleep outcomes in healthy, community-dwelling adults. A systematic search was conducted of four databases from database inception to June 2016. In total, 45 studies met the review eligibility criteria with generally high study quality excepting for the specification of eligibility criteria and the justification of sample size. The majority of studies involved experimental manipulation of light (n = 32) vs observational designs (n = 13). Broad trends emerged suggesting that (1) bright light (>1000 lux) has positive implications for objectively assessed sleep outcomes compared to dim (<100 lux) and moderate light (100-1000 lux) and (2) bright light (>1000 lux) has positive implications for subjectively assessed sleep outcomes compared to moderate light (100-1000 lux). Effects due to the amount of light are moderated by the timing of light exposure such that, for objectively assessed sleep outcomes, brighter morning and evening light exposure are consistent with a shift in the timing of the sleep period to earlier and later in the day, respectively. For subjectively assessed sleep outcomes, brighter light delivered in the morning was associated with self-reported sleep improvements and brighter evening light exposure was associated with worse self-reported sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie D Dautovich
- Psychology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 W Franklin St, Room 203, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018.
| | - Dana R Schreiber
- Psychology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W Franklin St, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018
| | - Janna L Imel
- Psychology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W Franklin St, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018
| | - Caitlan A Tighe
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Box 870348, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0348
| | - Kristy D Shoji
- South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, 7400 Merton Minter, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - John Cyrus
- Tompkins-McCaw Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, 509 N 12th St, Box 980582, Richmond, VA 23298-0582
| | - Nita Bryant
- James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, 901 Park Ave, Box 842033,Richmond, VA 23284-2033
| | - Andrew Lisech
- Psychology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W Franklin St, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018
| | - Chris O'Brien
- Psychology Department, Chatham University, Woodland Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
| | - Joseph M Dzierzewski
- Psychology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W Franklin St, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- Leena Tähkämö
- Lighting Unit, Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Mental Health Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the influence of nocturnal ambient light on visual function and ocular fatigue. METHODS Sixty healthy subjects (30 men and 30 women) aged 19 through 29 years with no history of ocular disease were recruited. All subjects spent 3 consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory. During the first and second nights, the subjects were not exposed to light during sleep, but during the third night, they were exposed to ambient light, measuring 5 or 10 lux at the eye level, which was randomly allocated with 30 subjects each. The visual function and ocular fatigue were assessed at 7 a.m. on the 3rd and 4th mornings, using best-corrected visual acuity, refractive error, conjunctival hyperemia, tear break-up time, maximal blinking interval, ocular surface temperature, and subjective symptoms reported on a questionnaire. RESULTS Three men and three women subjects failed to complete the study (4 in the 5 lux; 2 from the 10 lux). For the entire 54 subjects, tear break-up time and maximal blinking interval decreased (P = 0.015; 0.010, respectively), and nasal and temporal conjunctival hyperemia increased significantly after sleep under any ambient light (P < 0.001; 0.021, respectively). Eye tiredness and soreness also increased (P = 0.004; 0.024, respectively). After sleep under 5 lux light, only nasal conjunctival hyperemia increased significantly (P = 0.008). After sleep under 10 lux light, nasal and temporal conjunctival hyperemia, eye tiredness, soreness, difficulty in focusing, and ocular discomfort increased significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Nocturnal ambient light exposure increases ocular fatigue. Avoiding ambient light during sleep could be recommended to prevent ocular fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Woo Suh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun-Hoo Na
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeoncheon-gun Health Center and County Hospital, Yeoncheon, Korea
| | | | - Jaeryung Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
González MMC. Dim Light at Night and Constant Darkness: Two Frequently Used Lighting Conditions That Jeopardize the Health and Well-being of Laboratory Rodents. Front Neurol 2018; 9:609. [PMID: 30116218 PMCID: PMC6084421 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of light on mammalian physiology and behavior is due to the entrainment of circadian rhythms complemented with a direct modulation of light that would be unlikely an outcome of circadian system. In mammals, physiological and behavioral circadian rhythms are regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. This central control allows organisms to predict and anticipate environmental change, as well as to coordinate different rhythmic modalities within an individual. In adult mammals, direct retinal projections to the SCN are responsible for resetting and synchronizing physiological and behavioral rhythms to the light-dark (LD) cycle. Apart from its circadian effects, light also has direct effects on certain biological functions in such a way that the participation of the SCN would not be fundamental for this network. The objective of this review is to increase awareness, within the scientific community and commercial providers, of the fact that laboratory rodents can experience a number of adverse health and welfare outcomes attributed to commonly-used lighting conditions in animal facilities during routine husbandry and scientific procedures, widely considered as “environmentally friendly.” There is increasing evidence that exposure to dim light at night, as well as chronic constant darkness, challenges mammalian physiology and behavior resulting in disrupted circadian rhythms, neural death, a depressive-behavioral phenotype, cognitive impairment, and the deregulation of metabolic, physiological, and synaptic plasticity in both the short and long terms. The normal development and good health of laboratory rodents requires cyclical light entrainment, adapted to the solar cycle of day and night, with null light at night and safe illuminating qualities during the day. We therefore recommend increased awareness of the limited information available with regards to lighting conditions, and therefore that lighting protocols must be taken into consideration when designing experiments and duly highlighted in scientific papers. This practice will help to ensure the welfare of laboratory animals and increase the likelihood of producing reliable and reproducible results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica M C González
- Sección Cronobiología y Sueño, Instituto Ferrero de Neurología y Sueño, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hunter JC, Hayden KM. The association of sleep with neighborhood physical and social environment. Public Health 2018; 162:126-134. [PMID: 30036811 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While sleep is critical for good health, it remains a major public health concern because millions of individuals do not obtain a sufficient amount of sleep at night to reap proper health benefits. When examining factors that contribute to deleterious sleep outcomes, few researchers to date have examined the physical and social environments together. STUDY DESIGN This article is an analytical essay. METHODS In the present study, 18 empirical articles on environmental factors that promote sleep loss were analyzed and synthesized according to the study type, exposure measures, outcome measures, methodology, and findings. RESULTS Data from the literature demonstrate that neighborhood airplane, roadway, and rail noise pollution; air pollution from ozone and particulate matter (PM10); and, to some extent, ambient light, interfere with residents' ability to fall asleep, stay asleep, and wake feeling rested. There is also some evidence that neighborhood green space, walkability, safety, built environment, and other social characteristics, such as neighborhood disorder and ability to trust one's neighbors, dramatically impact residents' sleep. CONCLUSIONS This article provides a critical assessment of the multidimensional relationship between neighborhood physical and social characteristics and sleep, addresses major methodological concerns that limit current empirical knowledge, and suggests steps to shape future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie C Hunter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
| | - Kathleen M Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Aulsebrook AE, Jones TM, Mulder RA, Lesku JA. Impacts of artificial light at night on sleep: A review and prospectus. J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol 2018; 329:409-418. [PMID: 29869374 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural cycles of light and darkness govern the timing of most aspects of animal behavior and physiology. Artificial light at night (ALAN)-a recent and pervasive form of pollution-can mask natural photoperiodic cues and interfere with biological rhythms. One such rhythm vulnerable to perturbation is the sleep-wake cycle. ALAN may greatly influence sleep in humans and wildlife, particularly in animals that sleep predominantly at night. There has been some recent evidence for impacts of ALAN on sleep, but critical questions remain. Some of these can be addressed by adopting approaches already entrenched in sleep research. In this paper, we review the current evidence for impacts of ALAN on sleep, highlight gaps in our understanding, and suggest opportunities for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Aulsebrook
- The University of Melbourne, School of BioSciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Therésa M Jones
- The University of Melbourne, School of BioSciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raoul A Mulder
- The University of Melbourne, School of BioSciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John A Lesku
- La Trobe University, School of Life Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The 24-h sleep-wake cycle is one of the most prominent outputs of the circadian clock system. At the same time, changes in sleep-wake behavior feedback on behavioral and physiological circadian rhythms, thus altering the coordination of the body's clock network. Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption have similar physiological endpoints including metabolic, cognitive, and immunologic impairments. This raises the question to which extent these phenomena are causally linked. In this review, we summarize different physiologic outcomes of sleep deprivation and mistimed sleep and discuss the experimental evidence for a mediating role of the circadian clock machinery in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Heyde
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cho CH, Yoon HK, Kang SG, Kim L, Lee EI, Lee HJ. Impact of Exposure to Dim Light at Night on Sleep in Female and Comparison with Male Subjects. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:520-530. [PMID: 29551048 PMCID: PMC5976009 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2018.03.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Light pollution has become a social and health issue. We performed an experimental study to investigate impact of dim light at night (dLAN) on sleep in female subjects, with measurement of salivary melatonin. METHODS The 25 female subjects (Group A: 12; Group B: 13 subjects) underwent a nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) session with no light (Night 1) followed by an NPSG session randomly assigned to two conditions (Group A: 5; Group B: 10 lux) during a whole night of sleep (Night 2). Salivary melatonin was measured before and after sleep on each night. For further investigation, the female and male subjects of our previous study were collected (48 subjects), and differences according to gender were compared. RESULTS dLAN during sleep was significantly associated with decreased total sleep time (TST; F=4.818, p=0.039), sleep efficiency (SE; F=5.072, p=0.034), and Stage R latency (F=4.664, p=0.041) for female subjects, and decreased TST (F=14.971, p<0.001) and SE (F=7.687, p=0.008), and increased wake time after sleep onset (F=6.322, p=0.015) and Stage R (F=5.031, p=0.03), with a night-group interaction (F=4.579, p=0.038) for total sample. However, no significant melatonin changes. There was no significant gender difference of the impact of dLAN on sleep, showing the negative changes in the amount and quality of sleep and the increase in REM sleep in the both gender group under 10 lux condition. CONCLUSION We found a negative impact of exposure to dLAN on sleep in female as well as in merged subjects. REM sleep showed a pronounced increase under 10 lux than under 5 lux in merged subjects, suggesting the possibility of subtle influences of dLAN on REM sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea University Chronobiology Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Kyoung Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea University Chronobiology Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gul Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Leen Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea University Chronobiology Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Il Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea University Chronobiology Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yang M, Ma N, Zhu Y, Su YC, Chen Q, Hsiao FC, Ji Y, Yang CM, Zhou G. The Acute Effects of Intermittent Light Exposure in the Evening on Alertness and Subsequent Sleep Architecture. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E524. [PMID: 29543731 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to bright light is typically intermittent in our daily life. However, the acute effects of intermittent light on alertness and sleep have seldom been explored. To investigate this issue, we employed within-subject design and compared the effects of three light conditions: intermittent bright light (30-min pulse of blue-enriched bright light (~1000 lux, ~6000 K) alternating with 30-min dim normal light (~5 lux, ~3600 K) three times); continuous bright light; and continuous dim light on subjective and objective alertness and subsequent sleep structure. Each light exposure was conducted during the three hours before bedtime. Fifteen healthy volunteers (20 ± 3.4 years; seven males) were scheduled to stay in the sleep laboratory for four separated nights (one for adaptation and the others for the light exposures) with a period of at least one week between nights. The results showed that when compared with dim light, both intermittent light and continuous bright light significantly increased subjective alertness and decreased sleep efficiency (SE) and total sleep time (TST). Intermittent light significantly increased objective alertness than dim light did during the second half of the light-exposure period. Our results suggested that intermittent light was as effective as continuous bright light in their acute effects in enhancing subjective and objective alertness and in negatively impacting subsequent sleep.
Collapse
|
48
|
Obayashi K, Saeki K, Kurumatani N. Bedroom Light Exposure at Night and the Incidence of Depressive Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study of the HEIJO-KYO Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:427-434. [PMID: 28992236 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that minimal exposure to light at night (LAN) increases depression risk, even at 5 lux, in nocturnal and diurnal mammals. Although such low-level LAN may affect human circadian physiology, the association between exposure to LAN and depressive symptoms remains uncertain. In the present study, bedroom light intensity was measured objectively, and depressive symptoms were assessed, during 2010-2014 in Nara, Japan. Of 863 participants (mean age = 71.5 years) who did not have depressive symptoms at baseline, 73 participants reported development of depressive symptoms during follow-up (median, 24 months). Compared with the "dark" group (average of <5 lux; n = 710), the LAN group (average of ≥5 lux; n = 153) exhibited a significantly higher depression risk (hazard ratio = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.13, 3.14), according to a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and economic status. Further, the significance remained in a multivariable model adjusting for hypertension, diabetes, and sleep parameters (hazard ratio = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.89). Sensitivity analyses using bedroom light data with a cutoff value of ≥10 lux suggested consistent results. In conclusion, these results indicated that exposure to LAN in home settings was independently associated with subsequent depression risk in an elderly general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Obayashi
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Norio Kurumatani
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Exposure to light at night is not an innocuous consequence of modernization. There are compelling data linking long-term exposure to occupational and environmental light at night with serious health conditions, including heart disease, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. However, far less is known about the physiological and behavioral effects of acute exposure to light at night. Among healthy volunteers, acute night-time light exposure increases systolic blood pressure and inflammatory markers in the blood, and impairs glucose regulation. Whether critically ill patients in a hospital setting experience the same physiological shifts in response to evening light exposure is not known. This paper reviews the available data on light at night effects on health and wellbeing, and argues that the data are sufficiently compelling to warrant studies of how lighting in intensive care units may be influencing patient recovery.
Collapse
|
50
|
Kim TJ, Lee BU, Sunwoo JS, Byun JI, Moon J, Lee ST, Jung KH, Chu K, Kim M, Lim JM, Lee E, Lee SK, Jung KY. The effect of dim light at night on cerebral hemodynamic oscillations during sleep: A near-infrared spectroscopy study. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:1325-1338. [PMID: 29064336 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1363225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that dim light at night (dLAN) is associated with risks of cardiovascular complications, such as hypertension and carotid atherosclerosis; however, little is known about the underlying mechanism. Here, we evaluated the effect of dLAN on the cerebrovascular system by analyzing cerebral hemodynamic oscillations using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Fourteen healthy male subjects underwent polysomnography coupled with cerebral NIRS. The data collected during sleep with dim light (10 lux) were compared with those collected during sleep under the control dark conditions for the sleep structure, cerebral hemodynamic oscillations, heart rate variability (HRV), and their electroencephalographic (EEG) power spectrum. Power spectral analysis was applied to oxy-hemoglobin concentrations calculated from the NIRS signal. Spectral densities over endothelial very-low-frequency oscillations (VLFOs) (0.003-0.02 Hz), neurogenic VLFOs (0.02-0.04 Hz), myogenic low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) (0.04-0.15 Hz), and total LFOs (0.003-0.15 Hz) were obtained for each sleep stage. The polysomnographic data revealed an increase in the N2 stage under the dLAN conditions. The spectral analysis of cerebral hemodynamics showed that the total LFOs increased significantly during slow-wave sleep (SWS) and decreased during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Specifically, endothelial (median of normalized value, 0.46 vs. 0.72, p = 0.019) and neurogenic (median, 0.58 vs. 0.84, p = 0.019) VLFOs were enhanced during SWS, whereas endothelial VLFOs (median, 1.93 vs. 1.47, p = 0.030) were attenuated during REM sleep. HRV analysis exhibited altered spectral densities during SWS induced by dLAN, including an increase in very-low-frequency and decreases in low-frequency and high-frequency ranges. In the EEG power spectral analysis, no significant difference was detected between the control and dLAN conditions. In conclusion, dLAN can disturb cerebral hemodynamics via the endothelial and autonomic systems without cortical involvement, predominantly during SWS, which might represent an underlying mechanism of the increased cerebrovascular risk associated with light exposure during sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Joon Kim
- a Department of Neurology , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Byeong Uk Lee
- a Department of Neurology , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jun-Sang Sunwoo
- b Department of Neurology , Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jung-Ick Byun
- c Department of Neurology , Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jangsup Moon
- a Department of Neurology , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Soon-Tae Lee
- a Department of Neurology , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Keun-Hwa Jung
- a Department of Neurology , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- a Department of Neurology , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Manho Kim
- a Department of Neurology , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea.,d Neuroscience and Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lim
- e Department of Lighting Environment Research , Korea Institute of Lighting Technology , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Eunil Lee
- f Department of Preventive Medicine , Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- a Department of Neurology , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Jung
- a Department of Neurology , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| |
Collapse
|