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Banerjee D, Patel C, Patel K. Degradation of Plastic Beads Containing Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) by Sequential Photolysis, Hydrolysis and Bacterial Isolates. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2024; 112:41. [PMID: 38386139 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Plastic is an important part of today's human daily lifestyle, and it is classified as a "global pollutant" due to its durability. The natural degradation of plastic is extremely slow and will take a hundred years or more. The ultimate destinations of plastics as well as their effects on the ecosystem vary with the type of plastic and the rate of their degradation. In this study, an attempt was made to explain the degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic beads with the help of selected bacterial isolates in both laboratory and field conditions. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing further identified the bacterial isolates as Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus pumilus, obtained from the municipal waste disposal site near Anand, Gujarat, India. The beads were subjected to photolysis and hydrolysis for a predetermined amount of time in addition to biodegradation. After 60 days of treatment with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus, and Bacillus pumilus in both laboratory and field conditions, a significant percentage decrease in the weight of LDPE beads was observed. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was taken as a positive control. Further, the rate of degradation was found to be accelerated in the presence of 10% starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devjani Banerjee
- Ashok and Rita Patel Institute Of Integrated Study and Research in Biotechnology & Allied Sciences (ARIBAS), New V V Nagar, Anand, India.
- GSFC University, Vigyan Bhavan, P.O. Fertilizer Nagar, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391750, India.
| | - Chandani Patel
- Ashok and Rita Patel Institute Of Integrated Study and Research in Biotechnology & Allied Sciences (ARIBAS), New V V Nagar, Anand, India
| | - Kajal Patel
- Ashok and Rita Patel Institute Of Integrated Study and Research in Biotechnology & Allied Sciences (ARIBAS), New V V Nagar, Anand, India
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2
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Weizman O, Uziel A, Mead J, Dodiuk H, Ophir A, Kenig S. Quantitative analysis of
UV
protective additives in polyethylene films by solvent extraction coupled with
UV
spectrophotometry. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orli Weizman
- Department of Plastics Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - A. Uziel
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering Shenkar ‐ Engineering. Design. Art Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Joey Mead
- Department of Plastics Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - Hanna Dodiuk
- Department of Plastics Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering Shenkar ‐ Engineering. Design. Art Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Amos Ophir
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering Shenkar ‐ Engineering. Design. Art Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Shmeul Kenig
- Department of Plastics Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering Shenkar ‐ Engineering. Design. Art Ramat Gan Israel
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3
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Andrady AL, Lavender Law K, Donohue J, Koongolla B. Accelerated degradation of low-density polyethylene in air and in sea water. Sci Total Environ 2022; 811:151368. [PMID: 34732340 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated weathering of LDPE laminates, with samples exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in air and while floating in seawater at the same temperature, was investigated in this study. The depth profiles of the concentrations of oxidation products in the two sets of samples was assessed by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and suggest the oxidation on weathering to be diffusion-controlled in both air and in seawater, localizing the reaction to a thin surface layer. While the thickness of this layer is several hundred microns in air-weathered samples it is too small to be discernible by FTIR spectroscopy in sea water-weathered samples. A naturally weathered polyethylene microplastic pellet from floating ocean debris was also similarly studied by FTIR and the depth profile compared with that from accelerated weathering of LDPE laminates. Tensile properties of the LDPE weathered in air and in sea water were also compared to better understand the impact of diffusion-controlled oxidation on their mechanical integrity. How the origin of apparent retardation of the rate of weathering degradation of LDPE in seawater relative to that in air, is related diffusion-controlled oxidation due to the low concentrations of dissolved oxygen in seawater, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Andrady
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America.
| | | | - Jessica Donohue
- Sea Education Association, Woods Hole, MA, United States of America
| | - Bimali Koongolla
- Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Dias FGA, Veiga AG, Gomes APAC, da Costa MF, Rocco MLM. Using XPS and FTIR spectroscopies to investigate polyamide 11 degradation on aging flexible risers. Polym Degrad Stab 2022; 195:109787. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Weizman O, Mead J, Dodiuk H, Ophir A, Kenig S. The effect of nanoparticles on the loss of UV stabilizers in polyethylene films. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Miranda MN, Sampaio MJ, Tavares PB, Silva AMT, Pereira MFR. Aging assessment of microplastics (LDPE, PET and uPVC) under urban environment stressors. Sci Total Environ 2021; 796:148914. [PMID: 34271374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The changes in the chemical structure, surface morphology and crystallinity are reported for three different polymers (LDPE, PET and uPVC) in microplastic form, after being artificially exposed to different aging agents that can affect microplastics in urban environments: ozone, UV-C, and solar radiation. In parallel to the laboratory experiments, the microplastics were exposed to real weathering conditions for three-months in a building rooftop located in the city of Porto (Portugal). By analysing the (virgin and aged) microplastic samples periodically through ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and estimating the Carbonyl Index, it was possible to sketch the aging degree evolution through time and identify the most aggressive agents for each polymer regarding the changes in their chemical structure. SEM and XRD measurements allowed to complement the ATR-FTIR results, giving a more complete picture of the effects of each treatment on each polymer and suggesting that ATR-FTIR measurements are not sufficient to correctly evaluate the aging degree of microplastics. The changes observed in the microplastic particles studied support the theory that microplastics in the environment undergo aging and change their characteristics through time, potentially affecting their behavior and intensifying their impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana N Miranda
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Sampaio
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro B Tavares
- Centro de Química - Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Química, Escola de Ciências da Vida e do Ambiente, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Fernando R Pereira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Masry M, Rossignol S, Gardette JL, Therias S, Bussière PO, Wong-Wah-Chung P. Characteristics, fate, and impact of marine plastic debris exposed to sunlight: A review. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 171:112701. [PMID: 34245992 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increase of plastic production from the middle of the twentieth century was inevitably followed by an increase in the amount of plastic dumped in the natural environment. There, the plastic debris are exposed to sunlight, temperature, humidity, and physical stress. This can induce photo-oxidative and thermal degradation. This review discusses the mechanism of plastics UV weathering and its characteristics. Comparison of the photodegradation rate and physico-chemical properties are made according to the weathering mode (natural/accelerated) and medium (air/water). Since the photodegradation can lead to plastics fragmentation, this phenomenon is described along with the methodologies used in literature to evaluate the fragmentation. The impact of the photodegraded plastic debris on the marine environment is also presented in term of (i) photodegradation products and stabilizers leakage, (ii) organic pollutants accumulation, transfer, and leakage, and (iii) toxicity on marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Masry
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Jean-Luc Gardette
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6296, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), 8 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière cedex, France.
| | - Sandrine Therias
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6296, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), 8 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière cedex, France.
| | - Pierre-Olivier Bussière
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6296, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), 8 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière cedex, France.
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Ziąbka M, Dziadek M. Thermoplastic Polymers with Nanosilver Addition-Microstructural, Surface and Mechanical Evaluation during a 36-Month Deionized Water Incubation Period. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:E361. [PMID: 33450978 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Three types of thermoplastic polymers, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polymethyl methacrylate acrylic (PMMA) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), were enriched with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of 0.5 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%, respectively. The polymers and the composites were manufactured via injection molding. Regarding the potential of these polymers as matrices for long-term use as biomaterials, the aim of this study was to examine their stability in the in vitro conditions during a three-year incubation period in deionized water. In this work, microstructural observations were performed, and mechanical properties were assessed. Surface parameters, such as roughness and contact angle, were comprehensively investigated. The microstructural evaluation showed that the silver additive was homogeneously dispersed in all the examined matrices. The 36-month immersion period indicated no microstructural changes and proved the composites’ stability. The mechanical tests confirmed that the composites retained comparable mechanical properties after the silver incorporation. The Young’s modulus and tensile strength increased during long-term incubation. The addition of silver nanoparticles did not alter the composites’ roughness. The contact angle increased with the rising AgNP content. It was also shown that the materials’ roughness increased with the incubation time, especially for the ABS- and HDPE-based materials. The water environment conditions improved the wettability of the tested materials. However, the silver nanoparticles’ content resulted in the contact angle decreasing during incubation. The conducted studies confirmed that the mechanical properties of all the polymers and composites did not deteriorate; thus, the materials may be considered stable and applicable for long-term working periods in aqueous environments.
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9
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Ferry M, Dannoux-Papin A, Legand S, Exposito E, Durand D, Ngono-Ravache Y, Esnouf S. Alkaline hydrolysis of radio-oxidized aliphatic polymers. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yang Chuah
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Kyunam Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Dong-Yeun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Bae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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11
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Ziąbka M, Dziadek M. Long-Lasting Examinations of Surface and Structural Properties of Medical Polypropylene Modified with Silver Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11122018. [PMID: 31817476 PMCID: PMC6960924 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Composite materials based on polypropylene modified with silver nanoparticles (PP/AgNPs) were manufactured using injection molding and extrusion. Two different matrices were used to prepare the samples consisting of 0.5 and 1.0 wt. % of silver nanoparticles, respectively. The aim of this study was to assess whether silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) could influence the stability of a polymer matrix during the 24-month period of the in vitro testing. The results indicated that composites with silver nanoparticles displayed the significantly higher Young modulus and tensile strength after the first and second year of investigation. Moreover, the incorporation of nanoparticles into the matrix slightly increased the roughness and contact angle values and the parameters remained stable after the in vitro incubation. The two-year immersion of materials in the deionized water proved that the microstructure of composites did not change. The DSC analysis revealed that the material incubation resulted in a slight reduction in the melting temperature and degree of crystallinity of PP. The addition of nanoparticles to polymer matrices led to the increase in content of β crystals in the crystalline phase of PP, which was revealed in the long-term in vitro tests. The XRD measurement also showed the heightened surface crystallinity. The conducted studies have proved that all composites are stable over a period of 24 months. Such behavior suggests that the tested materials can be used as biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ziąbka
- Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-012-617-2523
| | - Michał Dziadek
- Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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12
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Alassali A, Fiore S, Kuchta K. Assessment of plastic waste materials degradation through near infrared spectroscopy. Waste Manag 2018; 82:71-81. [PMID: 30509597 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste is a relevant challenge for waste management sector and further technological means have to be urgently researched. The evaluation of plastic waste quality through non-destructive, cost-effective and mature technologies could be without any doubt a key issue. This study is aimed at the assessment of Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the generation of global degradation-prediction models able to forecast plastic ageing. The degradation of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene (PE) was achieved by thermal ageing (at 85 °C, 105 °C and 120 °C and durations ranging from 4 to 504 h), to simulate environmental outdoor conditions. Experimental data obtained for each plastic material were elaborated through partial least square (PLS) regression to obtain empirical models. For all inspected plastic materials, a good correspondence between the variation in absorbance units and the change in chemical bonds vibrations was observed. The PLS models were afterwards calibrated (taking into account the different ageing conditions; first separately then including the ageing factors combined). A high accuracy (R2 equal to 0.85-1.00) was observed in predicting ageing for PET and ABS, while the correspondence showed a 30% decrease for PE and PP. This study proves that NIR spectroscopy can be recommended as an effective tool to investigate plastics degradation, with some limitations for specific polymers that need further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayah Alassali
- TUHH - Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Waste Resources Management, Harburger Schlossstr. 36, 21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Fiore
- DIATI (Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructures Engineering), Politecnico di Torino, 24, corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 10129 Turin, Italy.
| | - Kerstin Kuchta
- TUHH - Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Waste Resources Management, Harburger Schlossstr. 36, 21079 Hamburg, Germany
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Alassali A, Moon H, Picuno C, Meyer R, Kuchta K. Assessment of polyethylene degradation after aging through anaerobic digestion and composting. Polym Degrad Stab 2018; 158:14-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Salehi M, Jafvert CT, Howarter JA, Whelton AJ. Investigation of the factors that influence lead accumulation onto polyethylene: Implication for potable water plumbing pipes. J Hazard Mater 2018; 347:242-251. [PMID: 29324324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of polymer aging, water pH, and aqueous Pb concentration on Pb deposition onto low density polyethylene (LDPE) was investigated. LDPE pellets were aged by ozonation at 85 °C. ATR-FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of aged LDPE surfaces showed that a variety of polar functional groups (>CO<, >CO, >COO) were formed during aging. These functional groups likely provided better nucleation sites for Pb(OH)2 deposition compared to new LDPE, which did not have these oxygen-containing functional groups. The type and amount of Pb species present on these surfaces were evaluated through XPS. The influence of exposure duration on Pb deposition onto LDPE was modeled using the pseudo-first-order equation. Distribution ratios of 251.5 for aged LDPE and 69.3 for new LDPE showed that Pb precipitates had greater affinity for the surface of aged LDPE compared to new LDPE. Aged LDPE had less Pb surface loading at pH 11 compared to loading at pH 7.8. Pb surface loading for aged LDPE changed linearly with aging duration (from 0.5-7.5 h). Pb surface loading on both new and aged LDPE increased linearly with increasing Pb initial concentration. Greater Pb precipitation rates were found for aged LDPE compared to new LDPE at both tested pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Salehi
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, 550 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Chad T Jafvert
- Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Lyles School of Civil Engineering, 550 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - John A Howarter
- Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University and School of Material Engineering, Purdue University, 701 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Andrew J Whelton
- Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Lyles School of Civil Engineering, 550 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Resmeriță AM, Coroaba A, Darie R, Doroftei F, Spiridon I, Simionescu BC, Navard P. Erosion as a possible mechanism for the decrease of size of plastic pieces floating in oceans. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 127:387-395. [PMID: 29475675 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A sea water wave tank fitted in an artificial UV light weathering chamber was built to study the behaviour of polypropylene (PP) injected pieces in close ocean-like conditions. In air, the same pieces sees a degradation in the bulk with a decrease of mechanical properties, a little change of crystal properties and nearly no change of surface chemistry. Weathering in the sea water wave tank shows only a surface changes, with no effect on crystals or mechanical properties with loss of small pieces of matter in the sub-micron range and a change of surface chemistry. This suggests an erosion dispersion mechanism. Such mechanism could explain why no particle smaller than about one millimeter is found when collecting plastic debris at sea: there are much smaller, eroded from plastic surfaces by a mechano-chemical process similar to the erosion mechanism found in the dispersion of agglomerate under flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Resmeriță
- 'Petru Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iași, Romania
| | - Adina Coroaba
- 'Petru Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iași, Romania
| | - Raluca Darie
- 'Petru Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iași, Romania
| | - Florica Doroftei
- 'Petru Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iași, Romania
| | - Iuliana Spiridon
- 'Petru Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iași, Romania
| | - Bogdan C Simionescu
- 'Petru Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iași, Romania
| | - Patrick Navard
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CEMEF(1) - Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, CNRS UMR 7635, CS 10207 rue Claude Daunesse, 06904 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
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Peixoto J, Silva LP, Krüger RH. Brazilian Cerrado soil reveals an untapped microbial potential for unpretreated polyethylene biodegradation. J Hazard Mater 2017; 324:634-644. [PMID: 27889181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Discarded PE-based products pose a social and environmental threat because of their recalcitrance to degradation, a consequence of the unique set of PE's physicochemical properties. In this study we isolated nine novel PE-degrading bacteria from plastic debris found in soil of the savanna-like Brazilian Cerrado. These bacterial strains from the genera Comamonas, Delftia, and Stenotrophomonas showed metabolic activity and cellular viability after a 90-day incubation with PE as the sole carbon source. ATR/FTIR indicated that biodegraded PE undergone oxidation, vinylene formation, chain scission, among other chemical changes. Considerable nanoroughness shifts and vast damages to the micrometric surface were confirmed by AFM and SEM. Further, phase imaging revealed a 46.7% decrease in the viscous area of biodegraded PE whereas Raman spectroscopy confirmed a loss in its crystalline content, suggesting the assimilation of smaller fragments. Intriguingly, biodegraded PE chemical fingerprint suggests that these strains use novel biochemical strategies in the biodegradation process. Our results indicate that these microbes are capable of degrading unpretreated PE of very high molecular weight (191,000gmol-1) and survive for long periods under this condition, suggesting not only practical applications in waste management and environmental decontamination, but also future directions to understand the unraveled metabolism of synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Peixoto
- Laboratory of Enzymology, Cellular Biology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, 70910-900, DF, Brazil.
| | - Luciano P Silva
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, 70770-917, DF, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo H Krüger
- Laboratory of Enzymology, Cellular Biology Department, Biological Sciences Institute, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, 70910-900, DF, Brazil.
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Perthué A, Bussière PO, Baba M, Larche JF, Gardette JL, Therias S. Correlation between water uptake and loss of the insulating properties of PE/ATH composites used in cables applications. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bryuzgin EV, Klimov VV, Bologova EI, Grishin ID, Zaitsev SD, Navrotskii AV, Novakov IA. Control of the wettability of the aluminum surface by its modification with grafted block copolymers based on N-isopropylacrylamide. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427215030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hamour N, Boukerrou A, Djidjelli H, Maigret J, Beaugrand J. Effects of MAPP Compatibilization and Acetylation Treatment Followed by Hydrothermal Aging on Polypropylene Alfa Fiber Composites. INT J POLYM SCI 2015; 2015:1-9. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/451691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigates the effect of hydrothermal aging on the properties of polypropylene/alfa fiber composites. Hydrothermal aging was induced in an environmental testing chamber at 65°C and 75% relative humidity (RH) over a 1000 h period. At the beginning (t=0 h), the results showed that Young’s moduli of the untreated alfa fibers and the acetylation-treated fibers increased by 21% and 36%, respectively, compared with the virgin polypropylene (PP). Additionally, Young’s moduli decreased by 7% for the compatibilized composites composed of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP). After 1000 h of aging, Young’s moduli decreased by 36% for untreated alfa fibers and 29% for the acetylation-treated alfa fibers and the compatibilized composites. Significant degradation was observed in the untreated alfa fiber samples. The Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) allows us to distinguish the characteristic absorption bands of the main chemical functions present in the composite material before and after aging. The thermal properties showed that the thermal stability and the degree of crystallinity of the composites decreased after hydrothermal aging; this result was corroborated by the dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA) results.
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Wang Z, Fang M, Yu H, Wei CC, Luo Z. Experimental and Modeling Study of Trace CO2 Removal in a Hollow-Fiber Membrane Contactor, Using CO2-Loaded Monoethanolamine. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie402264k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
- CSIRO Energy Centre, Mayfield West, 2304, Australia
| | - Mengxiang Fang
- State
Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Yu
- CSIRO Energy Centre, Mayfield West, 2304, Australia
| | | | - Zhongyang Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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Mosadegh-Sedghi S, Brisson J, Rodrigue D, Iliuta MC. Morphological, chemical and thermal stability of microporous LDPE hollow fiber membranes in contact with single and mixed amine based CO2 absorbents. Sep Purif Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sedghi SM, Brisson J, Rodrigue D, Iliuta MC. Chemical alteration of LDPE hollow fibers exposed to monoethanolamine solutions used as absorbent for CO2 capture process. Sep Purif Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2011.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Liu Y, Gaskell KJ, Cheng Z, Yu LL, Payne GF. Chitosan-coated electrodes for bimodal sensing: selective post-electrode film reaction for spectroelectrochemical analysis. Langmuir 2008; 24:7223-7231. [PMID: 18547081 DOI: 10.1021/la800180y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical methods are well suited for chemical detection in hand-held devices because they are simple, fast, and sensitive. However, electrochemical detection methods generally suffer from limitations in selectivity. We report a novel approach that enables electrochemically initiated reactions to generate optical signals that can be used to enhance the discriminating power for the electrochemical analysis of antioxidant food phenols. This spectroelectrochemical approach employs transparent electrodes coated with a film of the aminopolysaccharide chitosan. The phenolic analytes diffuse through the chitosan film to the electrode where they are anodically oxidized into electrophilic intermediates that undergo postelectrode reactions with the chitosan film. The postelectrode reaction was analyzed by FTIR and XPS, and this reaction was observed to impart optical properties (color and UV-visible absorbance) to the otherwise colorless and transparent chitosan film. We demonstrate that the optical signal generated from the postelectrode film reaction is selective for oxidized phenols, compared to that for unoxidized phenols or the nonphenolic antioxidant ascorbic acid. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the optical signal (film absorbance) can be correlated to the electrical signal (charge transferred). Finally, we use simple mixtures to demonstrate that the coupling of information from independent optical and electrical measurement modes can assist in the qualitative analysis of antioxidant phenols. Potentially, the postelectrode film reaction may provide a selective and reagentless alternative to conventional colorimetric methods for detecting antioxidant phenols. In a broader perspective, this work suggests the potential for coupling independent detection modes (optical and electrical) to enhance the information content of sensor measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Center for Biosystems Research, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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