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Liu X, Mi S, Li W, Zhang J, Augustino SMA, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Xiao W, Yu Y. Molecular regulatory mechanism of key LncRNAs in subclinical mastitic cows with folic acid supplementation. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:464. [PMID: 37592228 PMCID: PMC10436419 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folic acid is a water-soluble B vitamin (B9), which is closely related to the body's immune and other metabolic pathways. The folic acid synthesized by rumen microbes has been unable to meet the needs of high-yielding dairy cows. The incidence rate of subclinical mastitis in dairy herds worldwide ranged between 25%~65% with no obvious symptoms, but it significantly causes a decrease in lactation and milk quality. Therefore, this study aims at exploring the effects of folic acid supplementation on the expression profile of lncRNAs, exploring the molecular mechanism by which lncRNAs regulate immunity in subclinical mastitic dairy cows. RESULTS The analysis identified a total of 4384 lncRNA transcripts. Subsequently, differentially expressed lncRNAs in the comparison of two groups (SF vs. SC, HF vs. HC) were identified to be 84 and 55 respectively. Furthermore, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and the KEGG enrichment analysis result showed that folic acid supplementation affects inflammation and immune response-related pathways. The two groups have few pathways in common. One important lncRNA MSTRG.11108.1 and its target genes (ICAM1, CCL3, CCL4, etc.) were involved in immune-related pathways. Finally, through integrated analysis of lncRNAs with GWAS data and animal QTL database, we found that differential lncRNA and its target genes could be significantly enriched in SNPs and QTLs related to somatic cell count (SCC) and mastitis, such as MSTRG.11108.1 and its target gene ICAM1, CXCL3, GRO1. CONCLUSIONS For subclinical mastitic cows, folic acid supplementation can significantly affect the expression of immune-related pathway genes such as ICAM1 by regulating lncRNAs MSTRG.11108.1, thereby affecting related immune phenotypes. Our findings laid a ground foundation for theoretical and practical application for feeding folic acid supplementation in subclinical mastitic cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Siyuan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Serafino M A Augustino
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Juba, P. O. Box 82, Juba, South Sudan
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Beijing Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Castillo-Lopez E, Pacífico C, Sener-Aydemir A, Hummel K, Nöbauer K, Ricci S, Rivera-Chacon R, Reisinger N, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Zebeli Q, Kreuzer-Redmer S. Diet and phytogenic supplementation substantially modulate the salivary proteome in dairy cows. J Proteomics 2023; 273:104795. [PMID: 36535624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phytogenic compounds may influence salivation or salivary properties. However, their effects on the bovine salivary proteome have not been evaluated. We investigated changes in the bovine salivary proteome due to transition from forage to high-concentrate diet, with and without supplementation with a phytogenic feed additive. Eight non-lactating cows were fed forage, then transitioned to a 65% concentrate diet (DM basis) over a week. Cows were control (n = 4, CON) or supplemented with a phytogenic feed additive (n = 4, PHY). Proteomic analysis was conducted using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. We identified 1233 proteins; 878 were bovine proteins, 189 corresponded to bacteria, and 166 were plant proteins. Between forage and high-concentrate, 139 proteins were differentially abundant (P < 0.05), with 48 proteins having a log2FC difference > |2|. The salivary proteome reflected shifts in processes involving nutrient utilization, body tissue accretion, and immune response. Between PHY and CON, 195 proteins were differently abundant (P < 0.05), with 37 having a log2FC difference > |2|; 86 proteins were increased by PHY, including proteins involved in smell recognition. Many differentially abundant proteins correlated (r > |0.70|) with salivary bicarbonate, total mucins or pH. Results provide novel insights into the bovine salivary proteome using a non-invasive approach, and the association of specific proteins with major salivary properties influencing rumen homeostasis. SIGNIFICANCE: Phytogenic compounds may stimulate salivation due to their olfactory properties, but their effects on the salivary proteome have not been investigated. We investigated the effect of high-concentrate diets and supplementation with a phytogenic additive on the salivary proteome of cows. We show that analysis of cows' saliva can be a non-invasive approach to detect effects occurring not only in the gut, but also systemically including indications for gut health and immune response. Thus, results provide unique insights into the bovine salivary proteome, and will have a crucial contribution to further understand animal response in terms of nutrient utilization and immune activity due to the change from forage to a high-energy diet. Additionally, our findings reveal changes due to supplementation with a phytogenic feed additive with regard to health and olfactory stimulation. Furthermore, findings suggest an association between salivary proteins and other components like bicarbonate content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequias Castillo-Lopez
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Cátia Pacífico
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arife Sener-Aydemir
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Hummel
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, VetCore Facility (Proteomics), Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Nöbauer
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, VetCore Facility (Proteomics), Vienna, Austria
| | - Sara Ricci
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raul Rivera-Chacon
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, VetCore Facility (Proteomics), Vienna, Austria
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Kreuzer-Redmer
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Nutrigenomics Unit, Vienna, Austria.
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Wang L, Li Z, Lei X, Yao J. Effect of folic acid supplementation on lactation performance of Holstein dairy cows: A meta-analysis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ma P, Sun C, Liu M, You H, Shen Y, Kang Y, Sun Y, Yang Z, Ma P, Yang L, Xue F. Metagenomic insights into the rumen epithelial integrity responses to the vitamin B1 supplement under high-concentrate diets treatments. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1008373. [PMID: 36386689 PMCID: PMC9642323 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1008373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) becomes the most common nutritional metabolic disease in high-yielding dairy cows and later fatting beef cattle because of the increasing consumption of high-concentrate diets in modern feeding patterns. Our previous research found a certain piece of evidence that adding 180 mg thiamine/kg DMI could increase the rumen pH and regulate the structure of the rumen microbial community in vivo. However, there is still limited experimental data on the effects of SARA on thiamine status, the damage to the structure of rumen epithelial cells, and the underlying mechanism of the epithelium alterations. For this purpose, a total of 18 Angus bulls (average 22.0-months-old) with an average live weight of 567.6 ± 27.4 kg were randomly allocated into a control treatment (CON), a high-concentrate diet treatment (HC), and a high-concentrate diet with the vitamin B1 supplement treatment (HCB). All bulls were conducted with a 7-day adjustment period followed by a 60-day-long main feeding procedure. Results indicated that ADFI and ADG significantly decreased in the HC treatment compared with CON (P < 0.05), while significantly increased after the VB1 supplement (P < 0.05). Besides, ruminal acetate content was significantly downregulated while propionate was significantly upregulated under the HC treatment compared with CON (P < 0.05); however, these alterations showed a completely inverse regulatory effect on the VB1 supplement compared with HC (P < 0.05). These changes causatively induced a significant decrease in the A/P ratio in the HC treatment compared with CON and HCB treatments (P < 0.05). Bacterial communities in the HC treatment could be separated from those in CON through PCoA axes 1 and 2. Meanwhile, the VB1 supplement significantly altered the bacterial communities compared with the HC treatment, except for HCB-3. Furthermore, the HC treatment significantly upregulated the expression of JNK, Bax, Caspase-8, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and Cyt-C compared with CON, while significantly downregulated the expression of Bcl-2. The VB1 supplement showed a complete converse gene expression compared with HC. In conclusion, the VB1 supplement could effectively attenuate the alterations that occurred when exposed to high-concentrate diets, and help promote production performance through increased fermentability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ma
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Anyou Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd., Taicang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaoqun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minze Liu
- Yangxin Yiliyuan Halal Meat Co., Ltd., Yangxin, Shandong, China
| | - Hongnan You
- School of Foreign Language, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqin Sun
- Yangxin Yiliyuan Halal Meat Co., Ltd., Yangxin, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengang Yang
- Yangxin Yiliyuan Halal Meat Co., Ltd., Yangxin, Shandong, China
| | - Pengyun Ma
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuguang Xue
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Yangxin Yiliyuan Halal Meat Co., Ltd., Yangxin, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Fuguang Xue,
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Brisson V, Girard CL, Metcalf JA, Castagnino DS, Dijkstra J, Ellis JL. Meta-analysis of apparent ruminal synthesis and postruminal flow of B vitamins in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7399-7415. [PMID: 35879170 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As milk production has significantly increased over the past decade(s), existing estimates of the B-vitamin needs of the modern dairy cow are currently being reconsidered, as suboptimal B-vitamin supply may affect metabolic efficiency. At the same time, however, "true" (i.e., biologically active forms, excluding nonfunctional analogs) B-vitamin supply also cannot be adequately estimated by dietary intake, as the rumen microbiota has been shown to play a significant role in synthesis and utilization of B vitamins. Given their complex impact on the metabolism of dairy cows, incorporating these key nutrients into the next generation of mathematical models could help to better predict animal production and performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to generate hypotheses of regulation in the absence of supplemental B vitamins by creating empirical models, through a meta-analysis, to describe true B-vitamin supply to the cow (postruminal flow, PRF) and apparent ruminal synthesis (ARS). The database used for this meta-analysis consisted of 340 individual cow observations from 15 studies with 16 experiments, where diet and postruminal digesta samples were (post hoc) analyzed for content of B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12). Equations of univariate and multivariate linear form were considered. Models describing ARS considered dry matter intake (DMI, kg/d), B-vitamin dietary concentration [mg/kg of dry matter (DM)] and rumen-level variables such as rumen digestible neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and starch (g/kg of DM), total volatile fatty acids (VFA, mM), acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate molar proportions (% of VFA), mean pH, and fractional rates of degradation of NDF and starch (%/h). Models describing PRF considered dietary-level driving variables such as DMI, B-vitamin dietary concentration (mg/kg of DM), starch and crude protein (g/kg of DM) and forage NDF (g/kg of DM). Equations developed were required to contain all significant slope parameters and contained no significant collinearity between driving variables. Concordance correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the models on the developmental data set due to data scarcity. Overall, modeling ARS yielded better-performing models compared with modeling PRF, and DMI was included in all prediction equations as a scalar variable. The B-vitamin dietary concentration had a negative effect on the ARS of B1, B2, B3, and B6 but increased the PRF of B2 and B9. The rumen digestible NDF concentration had a negative effect on the ARS of B2, B3, and B6, whereas rumen digestible starch concentration had a negative effect on the ARS of B1 and a positive effect on the ARS of B9. In the best prediction models, the dietary starch increased PRF of B1, B2, and B9 but decreased PRF of B12. The equations developed may be used to better understand the effect of diet and ruminal environment on the true supply of B vitamins to the dairy cow and stimulate the development of better-defined requirements in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Brisson
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - C L Girard
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, J1M 1Z3, Canada
| | - J A Metcalf
- Trouw Nutrition Canada, Guelph, ON, N1G 4T2, Canada
| | | | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J L Ellis
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Kilany AA, El-Darawany AHA, El-Tarabany AA, Al-Marakby KM. Effect of Folic Acid Supplements on Progesterone Profile and Blood Metabolites of Heat-Stressed Holstein Cows during the Early Stage of Pregnancy. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151872. [PMID: 35892522 PMCID: PMC9331989 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to elucidate the impact of oral folic acid (FA) supplements on progesterone profile, blood metabolites and biochemical indices of heat-stressed Holstein cows during the early stage of pregnancy. The study lasted from the day of artificial insemination through the end of the fourth week of pregnancy. The first group (CON, n = 17) received 0 μg of FA/kg BW as a control. The second and third groups received oral FA doses of 5 (FA5, n = 19) and 10 (FA10, n = 20) μg kg−1 BW, respectively. At the 2nd and 3rd weeks of pregnancy, the FA10 group had greater progesterone levels than the CON group (p < 0.05). The FA10 group had a greater progesterone level than the FA5 and CON groups at the fourth week of pregnancy (p < 0.01). The FA10 group had higher folate levels than CON group during the first three weeks of pregnancy (p < 0.01). Both FA-supplemented groups had significantly greater serum folates than the CON group by the end of the fourth week of pregnancy (p < 0.01). At the 2nd and 4th weeks of pregnancy, the FA10 group had greater levels of serum glucose and globulin than the CON group (p = 0.028 and 0.049, respectively). Both FA-supplemented groups had greater serum growth hormone (GH) levels at the 4th week of pregnancy (p = 0.020). Additionally, the FA10 group showed significantly higher levels of IGF-1 at the 2nd and 4th week of gestation (p = 0.040 and 0.001, respectively). FA supplementation decreased the levels of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) at the 2nd and 4th week of gestation (p = 0.020 and 0.035, respectively). Additionally, the FA10 group showed significantly higher pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) levels at the 2nd and 4th week of gestation (p = 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, oral FA supplementation (10 mcg kg−1) in the first month of gestation improved the progesterone profile, as well as blood folates, PAG, GH, and IGF-1 concentrations in heat-stressed Holstein cows. These findings could be useful in developing practical strategies to keep dairy cows’ regular reproductive patterns under heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman A. Kilany
- Radioisotopes Applications Division, Department of Biological Applications, NRC, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, Cairo P.O. Box 13759, Egypt;
| | - Abdel-Halim A. El-Darawany
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig P.O. Box 44511, Egypt; (A.-H.A.E.-D.); (K.M.A.-M.)
| | - Akram A. El-Tarabany
- Radioisotopes Applications Division, Department of Biological Applications, NRC, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, Cairo P.O. Box 13759, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
| | - Khaled M. Al-Marakby
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig P.O. Box 44511, Egypt; (A.-H.A.E.-D.); (K.M.A.-M.)
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Jiang Q, Lin L, Xie F, Jin W, Zhu W, Wang M, Qiu Q, Li Z, Liu J, Mao S. Metagenomic insights into the microbe-mediated B and K 2 vitamin biosynthesis in the gastrointestinal microbiome of ruminants. Microbiome 2022; 10:109. [PMID: 35864536 PMCID: PMC9306216 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B and K2 vitamins, essential nutrients in host metabolism, can be synthesized by the rumen microbiome in ruminants and subsequently absorbed by the host. However, the B and K2 vitamin biosynthesis by the whole gastrointestinal microbiome and their abundances in different dietary strategies are largely unknown. Here, we reanalyzed our previous large-scale metagenomic data on the gastrointestinal microbiome of seven ruminant species and recruited 17,425 nonredundant microbial genomes from published datasets to gain a comprehensive understanding of the microbe-mediated B and K2 vitamin biosynthesis in ruminants. RESULTS We identified 1,135,807 genes and 167 enzymes involved in B and K2 vitamin biosynthesis. Our results indicated that the total abundances of B and K2 vitamin biosynthesis were dominant in the stomach microbiome, while the biosynthesis of thiamine, niacin, and pyridoxine was more abundant in the large intestine. By examining 17,425 nonredundant genomes, we identified 2366 high-quality genomes that were predicted to de novo biosynthesize at least one vitamin. Genomic analysis suggested that only 2.7% of these genomes can synthesize five or more vitamins, and nearly half of genomes can synthesize only one vitamin. Moreover, we found that most genomes possessed cobalamin transporters or cobalamin-dependent enzymes to consume cobalamin directly, and only a few microbial genomes possessed a complete cobalamin biosynthesis pathway. Based on these genomic data, we examined the effect of the high-grain (HG) diet on the vitamin biosynthesis of the rumen microbiome of dairy cattle. We revealed that most vitamin biosynthesis was enhanced in the HG group, while only cobalamin synthesis was inhibited in the HG group, indicating that dietary fiber is vital for cobalamin biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS We primarily provided a gene catalog and 2366 microbial genomes involved in B and K2 vitamin biosynthesis in ruminants. Our findings demonstrated the regional heterogeneity and dietary effect of vitamin biosynthetic potential in the ruminant gastrointestinal microbiome and interpreted the biosynthesis mechanisms of these microbes and their physiological adaptability. This study expands our understanding of microbe-mediated vitamin biosynthesis in ruminants and may provide novel targets for manipulation to improve the production of these essential vitamins. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Centre for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Limei Lin
- Centre for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Centre for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Centre for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Centre for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Qiu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Junhua Liu
- Centre for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Centre for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Word AB, Holland BP, Karr KJ, Socha MT, Kending C, Branine ME. Evaluation of feeding ruminal-protected folate and cobalt pectinate on growth performance, carcass characteristics and plasma vitamin B12 and folate status in finishing beef steers. Transl Anim Sci 2022; 6:txac116. [PMID: 36172456 PMCID: PMC9512097 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A large pen feedlot study was conducted to evaluate the response of yearling steers fed novel sources of rumen-protected folate (RPFA) and cobalt (cobalt pectinate; Co-PECT) on plasma levels of vitamin B12 and folate, growth performance, and carcass characteristics. A total of 2,100 steers (initial BW = 381 ± 45.2 kg.) were enrolled in the study at the time of randomization with 2,091 steers started on treatment diets following the transition to the finishing diet. A generalized randomized block design with sampling error (GRBD) with two treatments and 15 pen replications per treatment (5 blocks × 6 pens/block; 30 pens total with 70 steers/pen) were evaluated with pen serving as the experimental unit. A control (CON) treatment consisted of the standard finishing diet while the test diet consisted of the standard finishing diet providing 3.0 mg ∙ kg−1 DM of RPFA and 1.0 mg ∙ kg−1 DM total supplemental cobalt with approximately half coming from Co-PECT (TEST). Blood samples were collected from 60 randomly selected steers at study initiation and prior to shipping for plasma B12 and folate measurement. Data were analyzed with the model including fixed effects of treatment, block, and treatment within block interaction. Live growth performance was not affected by treatment; however, carcass-adjusted performance and hot carcass weight were numerically improved by TEST in 3 of the 5 blocks (treatment × within block interaction, P ≤ 0.03) of cattle. Plasma levels for both folic acid and vitamin B12 were extremely low at study initiation and increased over the course of the feeding period. Feeding TEST increased (P < 0.01) plasma B12 levels compared to CON by the completion of the trial; however, mean levels would still be considered marginal. Plasma folate was lower (P < 0.05) in TEST steers at the beginning of the study, with no difference between treatments by the time cattle were shipped. Results suggested that cattle coming into the feedlot may be of low or marginal status in both plasma folate and vitamin B12. While the status of folate and B12 improved in both CON and TEST with days on feed, providing RPFA and Co-PECT further helped improve vitamin B12 status; although, overall levels remained low, which may have affected the overall response to RPFA. Additional research is required to better understand the role of B vitamin supplementation for growing-finishing feedlots and develop methods for assessing the status and improving potential responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cory Kending
- Zinpro Corporation , Eden Prairie, MN 55344 , USA
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Petrović K, Djoković R, Cincović M, Hristovska T, Lalović M, Petrović M, Majkić M, Došenović Marinković M, Anđušić L, Devečerski G, Stojanović D, Štrbac F. Niacin Status Indicators and Their Relationship with Metabolic Parameters in Dairy Cows during Early Lactation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121524. [PMID: 35739861 PMCID: PMC9219521 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The active forms of niacin that represent niacin status are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and the NAD:NADP ratio. Previous studies have shown metabolic changes in the function of niacin form and dose, but it has not been determined whether there are changes in the function of active form of niacin that indicate the vitamin status in the body. In this study, we examined differences in NAD, NADP and NAD:NADP concentration in blood and their relationship with metabolic parameters in cows receiving and not receiving additional niacin in food. We concluded that NAD and NADP are good indicators of the ability of an additional niacin source to create functional cofactors due to their concentration changes, while the NAD:NADP ratio is a good indicator of the biological effects of additional niacin due to correlation with many metabolites. Abstract Previous experimental models on cows have examined the difference in the metabolic adaptation in cows after niacin administration, without identifying the most important mediators between niacin administration and its biological effects, namely active forms of niacin. All tissues in the body convert absorbed niacin into its main metabolically active form, the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). The aim of this study was to determine the influence of niacin administration in periparturient period on NAD, NADP and the NAD:NADP ratio and to determine relationship between these indicators of an active form of niacin with metabolic parameters in cow blood. The study included 90 healthy cows: 45 cows receiving niacin and 45 cows were negative control. The niacin group was treated with nicotinic acid for two weeks before, as well as two weeks after parturition. Nicotinic acid was applied per os with feed. In cows receiving niacin, there was a significantly higher concentration of NAD and NADP, but the NAD:NADP ratio did not differ compared with control. All three indicators were able to separate cows who received and who did not receive additional niacin. NAD and NADP are good indicators of the availability of niacin from additional sources. The NAD:NADP ratio is a good indicator of the biological effect of applied niacin on metabolites in cows due to its correlation with a number of metabolites: positive correlation with glucose, insulin, glucose to insulin ratio and the revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (RQUICKIBHB) of insulin resistance, triglycerides and cholesterol, and a negative correlation with nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), beta hydroxybutyrate (BHB), gamma-glutamyltranspherase (GGT) and urea in cows receiving niacin. The same amount of added niacin in feed can produce different concentrations of NAD, NADP and NAD:NADP in the blood, and this was not related to their concentration before the addition of niacin. The change in the concentration of the active form of niacin (NAD, NADP and NAD:NADP) further correlates with the concentration of metabolic parameters, which indicates that the intensity of the biological effect of additional niacin can be accurately determined only if we know the concentrations of its active forms in blood. Under basal conditions (without additional niacin), active forms of niacin that already exist in the blood do not show significant correlations with metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosta Petrović
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.M.); (D.S.); (F.Š.)
| | - Radojica Djoković
- Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, 32000 Čačak, Serbia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +38-1644497952
| | - Marko Cincović
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.M.); (D.S.); (F.Š.)
| | - Talija Hristovska
- Veterinary Faculty, University of St. Kliment Ohridski, 7000 Bitola, North Macedonia;
| | - Miroslav Lalović
- Faculty of Agriculture East Sarajevo, University of East Sarajevo, 71123 East Sarajevo, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Miloš Petrović
- Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, 32000 Čačak, Serbia;
| | - Mira Majkić
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.M.); (D.S.); (F.Š.)
| | - Maja Došenović Marinković
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.M.); (D.S.); (F.Š.)
| | - Ljiljana Anđušić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Priština, 38219 Lešak, Serbia;
| | | | - Dragica Stojanović
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.M.); (D.S.); (F.Š.)
| | - Filip Štrbac
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (M.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.M.); (D.S.); (F.Š.)
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Wang C, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Chen L, Zhang Y, Pei C, Zhang S. Effects of folic acid and cobalt sulphate supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in Holstein calves. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:1313-9. [PMID: 34155966 DOI: 10.1017/S000711452100221X] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the influences of cobalt (Co) and folic acid (FA) on growth performance and rumen fermentation, Holstein male calves (n 40) were randomly assigned to four groups according to their body weights. Cobalt sulphate at 0 or 0·11 mg Co/kg DM and FA at 0 or 7·2 mg/kg DM were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Average daily gain was elevated with FA or Co supplementation, but the elevation was greater for supplementing Co in diets without FA than with FA. Supplementing FA or Co increased DM intake and total-tract nutrient digestibility. Rumen pH was unaltered with FA but reduced with Co supplementation. Concentration of rumen total volatile fatty acids was elevated with FA or Co inclusion. Acetate percentage and acetate to propionate ratio were elevated with FA inclusion. Supplementing Co decreased acetate percentage and increased propionate percentage. Activities of xylanase and α-amylase and populations of total bacteria, fungi, protozoa, Ruminococcus albus, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Prevotella ruminicola increased with FA or Co inclusion. Activities of carboxymethyl-cellulase and pectinase increased with FA inclusion and population of methanogens decreased with Co addition. Blood folates increased and homocysteine decreased with FA inclusion. Blood glucose and vitamin B12 increased with Co addition. The data suggested that supplementing 0·11 mg Co/kg DM in diets containing 0·09 mg Co/kg DM increased growth performance and nutrient digestibility but had no improvement on the effects of FA addition in calves.
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11
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Ma Y, Wang C, Elmhadi M, Zhang H, Liu F, Gao X, Wang H. Dietary supplementation of thiamine enhances colonic integrity and modulates mucosal inflammation injury in goats challenged by lipopolysaccharide and low pH. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1-11. [PMID: 35057872 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the protective effects of dietary thiamine supplementation on the regulation of colonic integrity and mucosal inflammation in goats fed a high-concentrate (HC) diet. Twenty-four Boer goats (live weight of 35·62 (sem 2·4) kg) were allocated to three groups (CON: concentrate/forage = 30:70; HC; concentrate/forage = 70:30 and HCT: concentrate/forage = 70:30 with 200 mg thiamine/kg DMI) for 12 weeks. Results showed that compared with the HC treatment, the HCT group had a significantly higher ruminal pH value from 0 to 12 h after the feeding. The haematoxylin-eosin staining showed that desquamation and severe cellular damage were observed in the colon epithelium of the HC group, whereas the HCT group exhibited more structural integrity of the epithelial cell morphology. Compared with the HC treatment, the HCT group showed a markedly increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase enzymes activity. The mRNA expressions in the colonic epithelium of SLC19A2, SLC19A3, SLC25A19, Bcl-2, occludin, claudin-1, claudin-4 and ZO-1 in the HCT group were significantly increased in comparison with the HC diet treatment. Compared with the HC treatment, the HCT diet significantly increased the protein expression of claudin-1 and significantly decreased the protein expression of NF-κB-related proteins p65. The results show that dietary thiamine supplementation could improve the colon epithelial barrier function and alleviate mucosal inflammation injury in goats after lipopolysaccharide and low pH challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Chao Wang
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Mawda Elmhadi
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingliang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
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12
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Ma Y, Elmhadi M, Wang C, Zhang H, Wang H. Dietary supplementation of thiamine down-regulates the expression of mitophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes in the rumen epithelium of goats during high-concentrate diet feeding. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1985944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mawda Elmhadi
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
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13
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Ma J, Shah AM, Wang Z, Fan X. Potential protective effects of thiamine supplementation on the ruminal epithelium damage during subacute ruminal acidosis. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13579. [PMID: 34173303 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In ruminants, the ruminal epithelium not only has the function of absorbing nutrients but also is an important tissue to prevent harmful substances in the rumen from entering the blood circulation. Thus, the normal function of ruminal epithelium is critical for ruminants. However, subacute ruminal acidosis induced by high-concentrate diets often damages the barrier function of ruminal epithelium in ruminants. Recently, many studies have shown that dietary supplementation with thiamine is an effective method to alleviate subacute ruminal acidosis. In order to provide theoretical reference for the in-depth study of subacute ruminal acidosis and the application of thiamine in the future, this review introduces the effects of subacute ruminal acidosis on morphological structure, inflammatory response, and tight junction of ruminal epithelium. In addition, this paper summarizes the role of thiamine in maintaining ruminal epithelial function of ruminants during subacute ruminal acidosis challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ali Mujtaba Shah
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Fan
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi, China
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14
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Deters EL, Niedermayer EK, Genther-Schroeder ON, Blank CP, Carmichael RN, Hartman SJ, Messersmith EM, VanValin KR, Branine ME, Hansen SL. Investigating the effects of a novel rumen-protected folic acid supplement on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab093. [PMID: 34189420 PMCID: PMC8223594 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angus-crossbred steers (n = 180; 292 ± 18 kg) from a single ranch were used to investigate the effects of a novel rumen-protected folic acid (RPFA) supplement on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. On d 0, steers were blocked by body weight to pens (5 steers/pen), and pens within a block were randomly assigned to dietary treatments (n = 6 pens/treatment): target intake of 0 (CON), 30 (RPFA-30), 60 (RPFA-60), 90 (RPFA-90), 120 (RPFA-120), or 150 (RPFA-150) mg RPFA·steer−1·d−1. Steers were weighed before feeding on d −1, 0, 55, 56, 86, 87, 181, and 182. Pen average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), and gain:feed (G:F) were calculated for growing (d 0 to 56), dietary transition (d 56 to 87), finishing (d 87 to 182), and overall (d 0 to 182). Liver and blood samples were collected from two steers/pen before trial initiation and at the end of growing and finishing. Steers were slaughtered on d 183, and carcass data were collected after a 48-h chill. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using ProcMixed of SAS 9.4 (fixed effects of treatment and block; experimental unit of pen). Liver abscess scores were analyzed using the Genmod Procedure of SAS 9.4. Contrast statements assessed the polynomial effects of RPFA. Supplemental RPFA linearly increased plasma folate at the end of growing and finishing (P < 0.01), and linearly decreased plasma glucose at the end of growing (P = 0.01). There was a cubic effect of RPFA on liver folate at the end of growing (P = 0.01), driven by lesser concentrations for RPFA-30, RPFA-60, and RPFA-150. Growing period ADG and G:F were greatest for CON and RPFA-120 (cubic P ≤ 0.03). Transition period DMI was linearly increased due to RPFA (P = 0.05). There was a tendency for a cubic effect of RPFA on the percentage of livers with no abscesses (P = 0.06), driven by a greater percentage of non-abscessed livers in RPFA-30 and RPFA-60. Despite supplementing 1 mg Co/kg DM, and regardless of treatment, plasma vitamin B12 concentrations were low (<200 pg/mL), which may have influenced the response to RPFA as vitamin B12 is essential for recycling of folate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Deters
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Emma K Niedermayer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Olivia N Genther-Schroeder
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Christopher P Blank
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Remy N Carmichael
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Sarah J Hartman
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Messersmith
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Katherine R VanValin
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Stephanie L Hansen
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Magan JB, O Callaghan TF, Kelly AL, McCarthy NA. Compositional and functional properties of milk and dairy products derived from cows fed pasture or concentrate-based diets. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2769-2800. [PMID: 33949109 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide milk production is predominantly founded on indoor, high-concentrate feeding systems, whereas pasture-based feeding systems are most common in New Zealand and Ireland but have received greater attention recently in countries utilizing conventional systems. Consumer interest in 'pasture-fed' dairy products has also increased, arising from environmental, ethical, and nutritional concerns. A substantial body of research exists describing the effect of different feeding strategies on the composition of milk, with several recent studies focusing on the comparison of pasture- and concentrate-based feeding regimes. Significant variation is typically observed in the gross composition of milk produced from different supplemental feeds, but various changes in the discrete composition of macromolecular components in milk have also been associated with dietary influence, particularly in relation to the fatty acid profile. Changes in milk composition have also been shown to have implications for milk and dairy product processability, functionality and sensory properties. Methods to determine the traceability of dairy products or verify marketing claims such as 'pasture-fed' have also been established, based on compositional variation due to diet. This review explores the effects of feed types on milk composition and quality, along with the ultimate effect of diet-induced changes on milk and dairy product functionality, with particular emphasis placed on pasture- and concentrate-based feeding systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Magan
- Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Cork, Ireland.,School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tom F O Callaghan
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan L Kelly
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Noel A McCarthy
- Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Cork, Ireland
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Gebreyesus G, Aagaard Poulsen N, Krogh Larsen M, Bach Larsen L, Skipper Sørensen E, Würtz Heegaard C, Buitenhuis B. Vitamin B 12 and transcobalamin in bovine milk: Genetic variation and genome-wide association with loci along the genome. JDS Commun 2021; 2:127-131. [PMID: 36339496 PMCID: PMC9623645 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2020-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In human nutrition, bovine milk is an essential source of bioavailable vitamin B12 and B12-binding proteins, including transcobalamin. In this study, we estimated genetic parameters for milk content of vitamin B12 and transcobalamin using milk samples from 341 and 663 Danish Holstein cows, respectively. Additionally, we conducted whole-genome association analysis to identify SNP and genes associated with vitamin B12 and transcobalamin. Our results indicated moderate to high heritability for vitamin B12 (0.37 ± 0.18) and transcobalamin (0.61 ± 0.13) content in the Danish Holstein. With a significance threshold of -log10 P-value > 5.87, significant associations were detected between SNP in Bos taurus autosome (BTA)17 and the log-transformed transcobalamin content of milk; no significant association was detected for vitamin B12. The significant region in BTA17 was imputed to full sequence for further fine mapping, and the SNP with the most significant associations to transcobalamin were assigned to the transcobalamin 2 (TCN2) gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grum Gebreyesus
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Nina Aagaard Poulsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mette Krogh Larsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Arla Foods Amba, Mæalkevejen 4, DK-6920 Videbæk, Denmark
| | - Lotte Bach Larsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Esben Skipper Sørensen
- Molecular Nutrition, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian Würtz Heegaard
- Molecular Nutrition, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bart Buitenhuis
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Duplessis M, Fréchette A, Poisson W, Blais L, Ronholm J. Refining Knowledge of Factors Affecting Vitamin B 12 Concentration in Bovine Milk. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:532. [PMID: 33670816 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Milk is considered a staple and complete food that contains several essential nutrients for humans. For instance, it is an excellent natural source of vitamin B12 (B12) due to the presence in the bovine rumen of a myriad of bacteria and archaea capable of producing the vitamin. This vitamin is only produced by prokaryotic microorganisms; vegetal products do not naturally contain it. A 250-mL glass of milk contains about 46% of the daily recommended dietary allowance of B12 for individuals over 13 years old. However, B12 concentration is variable in milk; therefore, identifying factors contributing to its variation is critical to ensure a stable B12 supply for consumers. The aims of these experiments are to gather more knowledge on possible sources of variation in B12 concentrations in milk in order to optimize and stabilize its levels and thereby improve the perception of milk in terms of its health benefits. We observed that B12 concentration increases when the conditions of the rumen are optimal, such as with elevated pH. We also studied if bedding type—e.g., recycled manure solid bedding or straw, which has been reported to impact milk microbiota—could have an impact on milk B12 concentration. In this study, no such correlation was detected. This paper is one of a series seeking to elucidate factors responsible for variations in milk B12 concentration. Abstract Milk is an excellent source of vitamin B12 (B12) for humans. Therefore, being able to guarantee a high and consistent concentration of this vitamin would enhance consumer perception of milk as a health food. The aim of the paper was to gather additional knowledge on factors that could explain B12 variation in cow milk through two observational studies: (1) to explore the relationship between milk B12 and ruminal conditions, such as pH and volatile fatty acid concentrations; and (2) to examine the impact of bedding on B12 concentrations in bulk tank milk. For study 1, a total of 72 milk and ruminal liquid samples were obtained from 45 Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannula between 10 and 392 days of lactation. For study 2, bulk tank milk samples were obtained from 83 commercial herds; 26 herds used recycled manure solid bedding and 57 used straw bedding. Milk samples were analyzed for B12 using radioassay. Using principal component regression analysis, we observed that ruminal pH and the acetate:propionate ratio for cows receiving the early lactation ration were positively correlated with milk B12. Bedding did not influence milk B12 in bulk tanks, which averaged 4276 pg/mL. In conclusion, as B12 is synthesized by ruminal bacteria, optimizing ruminal conditions had a positive effect on milk B12, while bedding management had no influence.
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González-Montaña JR, Escalera-Valente F, Alonso AJ, Lomillos JM, Robles R, Alonso ME. Relationship between Vitamin B12 and Cobalt Metabolism in Domestic Ruminant: An Update. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1855. [PMID: 33053716 PMCID: PMC7601760 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobalt, as a trace element, is essential for rumen microorganisms for the formation of vitamin B12. In the metabolism of mammals, vitamin B12 is an essential part of two enzymatic systems involved in multiple metabolic reactions, such as in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, some amino acids and DNA. Adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin are coenzymes of methylmalonyl coenzyme A (CoA) mutase and methionine synthetase and are essential for obtaining energy through ruminal metabolism. Signs of cobalt deficiency range from hyporexia, reduced growth and weight loss to liver steatosis, anemia, impaired immune function, impaired reproductive function and even death. Cobalt status in ruminant animals can be assessed by direct measurement of blood or tissue concentrations of cobalt or vitamin B12, as well as the level of methylmalonic acid, homocysteine or transcobalamin in blood; methylmalonic acid in urine; some variables hematological; food consumption or growth of animals. In general, it is assumed that the requirement for cobalt (Co) is expressed around 0.11 ppm (mg/kg) in the dry matter (DM) diet; current recommendations seem to advise increasing Co supplementation and placing it around 0.20 mg Co/kg DM. Although there is no unanimous criterion about milk production, fattening or reproductive rates in response to increased supplementation with Co, in some investigations, when the total Co of the diet was approximately 1 to 1.3 ppm (mg/kg), maximum responses were observed in the milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Ramiro González-Montaña
- Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy Veterinary Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (A.J.A.); (R.R.)
| | - Francisco Escalera-Valente
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Nayarit, Tepic 69130, Nayarit, Mexico;
| | - Angel J. Alonso
- Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy Veterinary Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (A.J.A.); (R.R.)
| | - Juan M. Lomillos
- Production and Health Animal, Public Health Veterinary and Science and Technology of Food Department, Veterinary Faculty, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Roberto Robles
- Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy Veterinary Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (A.J.A.); (R.R.)
| | - Marta E. Alonso
- Animal Production Department, Veterinary Faculty, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, 24071 León, Spain;
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Langova L, Novotna I, Nemcova P, Machacek M, Havlicek Z, Zemanova M, Chrast V. Impact of Nutrients on the Hoof Health in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1824. [PMID: 33036413 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lameness is currently one of the most important and economically demanding diseases in cattle. It is manifested in a change in locomotion that is associated with lesions, especially the pelvic limbs. The disease of the hoof is painful, affecting the welfare of dairy cows. Important factors that influence the health of the limbs include nutrition, animal hygiene, stable technology, and genetic and breeding predispositions. Nutrition is one of the basic preventive factors affecting the quality and growth of the hoof horn, and the associated prevalence of hoof disease. The strength and structure of the hoof horn are affected by the composition of the feed ration (amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and toxic substances contaminating the feed ration, or arising in the feed ration as metabolites of fungi).
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Girard CL, Graulet B. Methods and approaches to estimate B vitamin status in dairy cows: Knowledge, gaps and advances. Methods 2020; 186:52-58. [PMID: 32485230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical symptoms of B vitamin deficiency are rarely observed in ruminants because these vitamins are synthesized by the rumen microbiota. However, over the last decades, numerous reports of beneficial effects on production and metabolic efficiency of dairy cows have been published supporting that, under some conditions, B vitamin subclinical deficiency is present in these animals. Due to their roles as coenzymes or cofactors in major metabolic pathways, an adequate supply in B vitamins is critical to optimize metabolic efficiency. Nowadays, taking into account the growing interest for the Smart Farming concept, fulfilling ruminant requirements for B vitamins according to their physiological stage under different feeding management cannot be neglected. In dairy cows, B vitamin supply is greatly dependent of the activity of the ruminal microbiota. Indeed, the amount of vitamins reaching the small intestine is dependent of the utilization of the vitamins provided by the diet and their synthesis by the microorganisms present in the rumen. The two major challenges faced to determine B vitamin status of ruminants are the difficulty to estimate B vitamin supply due to the lack of knowledge on factors driving the fate of B vitamins in the digestive tract, especially in the rumen, and the choice and thresholds of biomarkers reflecting adequately the animal status. The present paper aims to present the actual state of knowledge on the methodological approaches used to estimate B vitamin supply and status of ruminant and to point out future research orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Girard
- Agriculture et agroalimentaire Canada, Centre de recherche et développement de Sherbrooke, 2000 College, Sherbrooke J1M 0C8, Québec, Canada.
| | - B Graulet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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Lourenco JM, Kieran TJ, Seidel DS, Glenn TC, da Silveira MF, Callaway TR, Stewart RL. Comparison of the ruminal and fecal microbiotas in beef calves supplemented or not with concentrate. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231533. [PMID: 32282837 PMCID: PMC7153887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the research efforts involving the bovine gastrointestinal microbiota have focused on cattle’s forestomach, particularly the rumen, so information concerning the bovine fecal microbiota is more scarce, especially in young beef cattle. The present study was performed to evaluate the ruminal and fecal microbiotas of beef calves as they reached the end of their nursing phase. A total of 18 Angus cow/calf pairs were selected and assigned to one of two treatment groups for the last 92 days of the calves’ nursing period, as follows: 1) calves were supplemented with concentrate in a creep feeding system; or 2) control group with no supplementation of calves. After 92 days, ruminal and fecal samples were individually obtained from calves in both groups, and their microbiotas were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Ruminal samples were predominated by Prevotella (18 to 23% of the total bacterial abundance), regardless if calves received supplementation or not; however, in the feces, Prevotella was only the seventh most abundant genus (0.6 to 2.1% of total bacterial abundance). Both the rumen (P = 0.01) and the feces (P = 0.05) of calves that received supplementation had greater abundance of Firmicutes. In addition, calves that were supplemented had lower abundance of Fibrobacteres (P = 0.03) in their rumens. Regardless if the calves were supplemented or not, Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity index (P ≤ 0.007) and total concentration of short chain fatty acids (P < 0.001) were both greater in the rumen than in the feces of calves. In summary, the ruminal and fecal microbiotas of weanling beef calves were considerably distinct. Additionally, supplementation with creep feed caused some significant changes in the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota of the calves, especially in the rumen, where supplementation caused an increase in Firmicutes and a decrease in abundance of Fibrobacteres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson M. Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Troy J. Kieran
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Darren S. Seidel
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Travis C. Glenn
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | | | - Todd R. Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - R. Lawton Stewart
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
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Beaudet V, Gervais R, Chouinard PY, Graulet B, Martin C, Doreau M, Girard CL. Effects of increasing amounts of extruded linseed in the diet on apparent ruminal synthesis of some B vitamins in dairy cows. Animal 2020; 14:1885-91. [PMID: 32252853 DOI: 10.1017/S1751731120000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that metabolic efficiency of ruminants can be significantly decreased when B-vitamin supply is insufficient. Under the present state of knowledge, the amounts of B vitamins available for intestinal absorption cannot be predicted based on diet composition. Therefore, in an attempt to increase our understanding of the effects of dietary factors, on B-vitamin supply for dairy cows, the effects of increasing amounts of extruded linseed in diets based on hay (permanent grassland hay, H; Experiment 1) or corn silage (CS; Experiment 2) on apparent ruminal synthesis (ARS) of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folates and vitamin B12 were evaluated. In each experiment, four lactating Holstein cows fitted with cannulas in the rumen and the proximal duodenum were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. In both experiments, the dietary treatments consisted of an increasing supply of extruded linseed representing 0%, 5%, 10% or 15% of diet DM. The forage : concentrate ratios were 50 : 50 and 60 : 40 for Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Duodenal flow was determined using YbCl3 as a marker. The ARS of each B vitamin was calculated as duodenal flow - daily intake. In both experiments, treatments did not affect thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin B12 duodenal flow or ARS. Increasing the dietary concentration of extruded linseed decreased folate intake in Experiment 1 and vitamin B6 intake in Experiment 2 but resulted in a greater duodenal flow of vitamin B6 and folates regardless of the forage used in basal diet. Greater dietary linseed concentrations decreased vitamin B6 apparent degradation in the rumen in CS-based diet only and increased folate ARS in both H- and CS-based diets. Increasing linseed concentration of isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets increased vitamin B6 and folate supply to dairy cows, both with H- and CS-based diets.
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Franco-Lopez J, Duplessis M, Bui A, Reymond C, Poisson W, Blais L, Chong J, Gervais R, Rico DE, Cue RI, Girard CL, Ronholm J. Correlations between the Composition of the Bovine Microbiota and Vitamin B 12 Abundance. mSystems 2020; 5:e00107-20. [PMID: 32127420 DOI: 10.1128/mSystems.00107-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we examined the microbiome of the bovine rumen, feces, and milk and attempted to understand how the bacterial communities at each site affected the production and movement of vitamin B12 around the animal’s body. It was determined that the composition of the bovine rumen microbiome correlates well with vitamin B12 concentration, indicating that the rumen microbiota may be a good target for manipulation to improve production of this important vitamin. Vitamin B12 is synthesized by prokaryotes in the rumens of dairy cows—and this has implications in human nutrition since humans rely on consumption of dairy products for vitamin B12 acquisition. However, the concentration of vitamin B12 in milk is highly variable, and there is interest in determining what causes vitamin B12 variability. We collected 92 temporally linked rumen, fecal, blood, and milk sample sets from Holstein cows at various stages of lactation fitted with rumen cannula and attempted to define which bacterial genera correlated well with vitamin B12 abundance. The level of vitamin B12 present in each sample was measured, and the bacterial population of each rumen, fecal, and milk sample (n = 263) was analyzed by 16S rRNA-targeted amplicon sequencing of the V4 region. The bacterial populations present in the rumen, small intestine, and milk were highly dissimilar. Combined diet and lactation status had significant effects on the composition of the microbiota in the rumen and in the feces. A high ruminal concentration of vitamin B12 was correlated with the increased abundance of Prevotella, while a low ruminal concentration of vitamin B12 was correlated with increased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Ruminiclostridium, and Butyrivibrio. The ultimate concentration of vitamin B12 is controlled by the complex interaction of several factors, including the composition of the microbiota. Bacterial consumption of vitamin B12 in the rumen may be more important in determining overall levels than bacterial production. IMPORTANCE In this paper, we examined the microbiome of the bovine rumen, feces, and milk and attempted to understand how the bacterial communities at each site affected the production and movement of vitamin B12 around the animal’s body. It was determined that the composition of the bovine rumen microbiome correlates well with vitamin B12 concentration, indicating that the rumen microbiota may be a good target for manipulation to improve production of this important vitamin.
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Duplessis M, Ritz KE, Socha MT, Girard CL. Cross-sectional study of the effect of diet composition on plasma folate and vitamin B 12 concentrations in Holstein cows in the United States and Canada. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2883-2895. [PMID: 31954561 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess the variability of plasma folate and vitamin B12 concentrations in lactating Holstein cows across the United States and Canada. We also evaluated the effect of diet composition and cow characteristics on folate and vitamin B12 plasma vitamin concentrations. A total of 22 and 24 US and Canadian dairy herds were enrolled, totaling 427 and 476 cows at 10 to 197 days in milk across all US and Canadian herds, respectively. Blood samples were taken to analyze plasma folate and vitamin B12 concentrations, and ingredients of the diet were collected to determine nutrient composition. To reduce the number of interdependent variables in the analysis of the association of diet composition with plasma vitamin concentrations, we conducted a principal component analysis. Plasma folate concentrations were lower for US cows [13.4 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval (CI): 12.7-14.2] than for Canadian cows (14.5 ng/mL, 95% CI: 13.7-15.2), and the opposite was observed for plasma vitamin B12 concentrations (US 206 pg/mL, 95% CI: 192-221; Canada 170 pg/mL, 95% CI: 159-181). The highest plasma concentrations of both vitamins were observed in the Northwest region of the United States (Oregon and Washington). Cows in California had the lowest plasma folate concentrations, and cows in Québec and New York State had the lowest plasma vitamin B12 concentrations. Plasma folate concentrations were higher for multiparous than for primiparous cows and plasma vitamin B12 concentrations progressively increased from parity 1 to 3 and higher. For both studied vitamins, plasma concentrations were lower at 0 to 55 than at 56 to 200 days in milk. Of 3 principal components, the one associated with dietary carbohydrates was significantly correlated with plasma folate and vitamin B12 concentrations. Indeed, plasma folate concentrations decreased with dietary fiber concentrations (i.e., neutral and acid detergent fibers and lignin) and increased with dietary nonfiber carbohydrate concentrations. We obtained the opposite results for plasma vitamin B12 concentrations. Both multivariable models explained 41% (pseudo-R2) of the variation in plasma folate and vitamin B12 concentrations. Information gathered in this study is the first step toward determining sources of variation in plasma folate and vitamin B12 concentrations, as well as the vitamin status of cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Duplessis
- Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Centre de Recherche et Développement de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1M 0C8, Canada.
| | - K E Ritz
- Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN 55344
| | - M T Socha
- Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN 55344
| | - C L Girard
- Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Centre de Recherche et Développement de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1M 0C8, Canada
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Brandao VLN, Marcondes MI, Faciola AP. Comparison of microbial fermentation data from dual-flow continuous culture system and omasal sampling technique: A meta-analytical approach. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2347-2362. [PMID: 31954580 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the omasal sampling technique (OST) has been successfully used to estimate ruminal fermentation and nutrient flow, alternatives to invasive animal trials should be pursued and evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate carbohydrate and N metabolisms using a meta-analytical approach to compare 2 methods: dual-flow continuous culture system (DFCCS) and OST. To be included, studies needed to report diet chemical composition and report at least 1 of the dependent variables of interest. A total of 155 articles were included, in which 97 used the DFCCS and 58 used the OST. The independent variables used were dietary nonfiber carbohydrate concentration, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability, true crude protein (CP) degradability, and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS). In addition, 12 dependent variables were used. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mixed procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). A random coefficients model was used considering study as a random effect and including the possibility of covariance between the slope and the intercept. The effect of method (DFCCS or OST) was included and tested in the estimates of the intercept, linear, and quadratic effects of the independent variable. There was no method effect when NDF degradability was regressed with total volatile fatty acids concentration, true CP degradability, and EMPS. Molar proportions of acetate and propionate were quadratically associated with NDF degradability. When NDF degradability was regressed with acetate and propionate there was a method effect, differing only in the intercept (β0) estimate. True organic matter digestibility, bacterial N/total N, efficiency of N utilization, total volatile fatty acid concentration, and molar proportion of butyrate linearly increased as dietary nonfiber carbohydrate concentration increased, and none of these variables were affected by method. Concentration of ammonia N had a linear and positive association with true CP degradability. This was the only variable that had a method effect when regressed with true CP degradability, differing only in the estimate of the intercept (β0). As EMPS increased, efficiency of N utilization also increased, and it was affected by method. Overall, the majority of DFCCS responses were similar to OST. When a method effect was observed, it was mainly on the estimate of the intercept, demonstrating that the magnitude of these responses was different. However, the relationships between independent and dependent variables were similar across methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L N Brandao
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - M I Marcondes
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, 36570900
| | - A P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
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Liu YR, Du HS, Wu ZZ, Wang C, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo WJ, Zhang YL, Pei CX, Zhang SL. Branched-chain volatile fatty acids and folic acid accelerated the growth of Holstein dairy calves by stimulating nutrient digestion and rumen metabolism. Animal 2020; 14:1176-83. [PMID: 31840620 DOI: 10.1017/S1751731119002969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined addition of branched-chain volatile fatty acids (BCVFAs) and folic acid (FA) could improve growth performance and nutrient utilization by stimulating ruminal microbial growth and enzyme activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of BCVFA and FA addition on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, microbial enzyme activity, microflora and excretion of urinary purine derivatives (PDs) in calves. Thirty-six Chinese Holstein weaned calves (60 ± 5.4 days of age and 107 ± 4.7 kg of BW) were assigned to one of four groups in a randomized block design. Treatments were control (without additives), FA (with 10 mg FA/kg dietary DM), BCVFA (with 5 g BCVFA/kg dietary DM) and the combined addition of FA and BCVFA (10 mg/kg DM of FA and 5 g/kg DM of BCVFA). Supplements were hand-mixed into the top one-third of total mixed ration. Dietary concentrate to maize silage ratio was 50 : 50 on a DM basis. Dietary BCVFA or FA addition did not affect dry matter intake but increased average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion efficiency. Ruminal pH and ammonia N were lower, and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration was higher for BCVFA or FA addition than for control. Dietary BCVFA or FA addition did not affect acetate proportion but decreased propionate proportion and increased acetate to propionate ratio. Total tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, CP and NDF was higher for BCVFA or FA addition than for control. Dietary BCVFA or FA addition increased activity of carboxymethyl cellulase and cellobiase, population of total bacteria, fungi, Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Prevotella ruminicola as well as total PD excretion. Ruminal xylanase, pectinase and protease activity and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens population were increased by BCVFA addition, whereas population of protozoa and methanogens was increased by FA addition. The BCVFA × FA interaction was significant for acetate to propionate ratio, cellobiase activity and total PD excretion, and these variables increased more with FA addition in diet without BCVFA than in diet with BCVFA. The data indicated that supplementation with BCVFA or FA increased ADG, nutrient digestibility, ruminal total VFA concentration and microbial protein synthesis by stimulating ruminal microbial growth and enzyme activity in calves.
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Jia T, Sun Z, Gao R, Yu Z. Lactic acid bacterial inoculant effects on the vitamin content of alfalfa and Chinese leymus silage. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2019; 32:1873-1881. [PMID: 31208184 PMCID: PMC6819681 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Information regarding the vitamin content of silage is limited. This study investigated the changes in the vitamin content of alfalfa and Chinese leymus silages with or without a lactic acid bacterial inoculant. METHODS Alfalfa at the early flowering stage and Chinese leymus at the full-bloom stage were harvested. The treatments for each forage type were control (deionized water only) and 1×106 colony-forming units (cfu) Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) g-1 FM. After 45 d ensiling, all silages were sampled for evaluating the vitamin content, fermentation quality and chemical composition. RESULTS The LP inoculant decreased the pH and ammonia nitrogen content of the alfalfa and Chinese leymus silages and significantly (p < 0.05) increased the lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid content and Flieg`s points. Prior to ensiling, the levels of five B-group vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine) and α-tocopherol in alfalfa were significantly higher than those in Chinese leymus (p < 0.01). Ensiling decreased the levels of the five B-group vitamins in both alfalfa and Chinese leymus while increasing the α-tocopherol content of Chinese leymus. The thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and pantothenic acid levels in the LP-treated silage were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those in the untreated silage for both forages. The α-tocopherol content in the LP-treated alfalfa silage was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in the untreated alfalfa silage. There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in pyridoxine content between the untreated and LP-treated silages for both forages. CONCLUSION With or without LP inoculation, the levels of the five B-group vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine) in alfalfa and Chinese leymus decreased after 45 days of ensiling, while the α-tocopherol content of Chinese leymus increased. The LP inoculant improved the fermentation quality of both the alfalfa and Chinese leymus silages but increased the thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and pantothenic acid loss in the two forages after fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jia
- Department of grassland production and utilization, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Department of grassland production and utilization, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Run Gao
- Department of grassland production and utilization, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhu Yu
- Department of grassland production and utilization, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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McDonald RC, Watts JEM, Schreier HJ. Effect of Diet on the Enteric Microbiome of the Wood-Eating Catfish Panaque nigrolineatus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2687. [PMID: 31849863 PMCID: PMC6895002 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wood is consistently found in high levels in the gastrointestinal tract of the Amazonian catfish Panaque nigrolineatus, which, depending on environmental conditions, can switch between xylivorous and detritivorous dietary strategies. This is highly unusual among primary wood consumers and provides a unique system to examine the effect of dietary change in a xylivorous system. In this study, microbiome and predictive metagenomic analyses were performed for P. nigrolineatus fed either wood alone or a less refractory mixed diet containing wood and plant nutrition. While diet had an impact on enteric bacterial community composition, there was a high degree of interindividual variability. Members of the Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes were ubiquitous and dominated most communities; Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia also contributed in a tissue and diet-specific manner. Although predictive metagenomics revealed functional differences between communities, the relative abundance of predicted lignocellulose-active enzymes remained similar across diets. The microbiomes from both diets appeared highly adapted for hemicellulose hydrolysis as the predicted metagenomes contained several classes of hemicellulases and lignin-modifying enzymes. Enteric communities from both diets appeared to lack the necessary cellobiohydrolases for efficient cellulose hydrolysis, suggesting that cellobiose is not the primary source of dietary carbon for the fish. Our findings suggest that the P. nigrolineatus gut environment selects for an enteric community based on function, rather than a vertically transferred symbiotic relationship. This functional selection strategy may provide an advantage to an organism that switches between dietary strategies to survive a highly variable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. McDonald
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joy E. M. Watts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Harold J. Schreier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Abstract
As the precursor to NAD+ and NADP+, niacin is important for catabolic and anabolic redox reactions. In addition, niacin is known for its anti-lipolytic action via a hydroxycarboxylic acid-2-receptor-dependent mechanism. The anti-lipolytic effects of traditional free niacin supplementation during transition periods had been studied extensively, but the reported effects are ambiguous. In the past decade, a series of studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected niacin (RPN) on production performance and metabolic status in early lactation and on heat stress in dairy cows. Feeding RPN seems more effective than free niacin regarding increasing circulating niacin concentration. The rebound of plasma NEFA was found after termination of niacin abomasal infusion. Feeding RPN or infusion of niacin via the abomasum could suppress lipolysis and reduce insulin resistance in early lactation. Additionally, RPN supplementation could possibly relieve heat stress through vasodilation during moderate to severe heat stress condition. However, these beneficial effects of niacin supplementation have not always been observed. The inconsistent results across studies may be related to dosages of niacin supplementation, rebound of plasma NEFA concentration, stage of lactation or severity of heat stress. Overall, the current review is to present updated information on niacin nutrition in dairy cows and the recommendations are given for future research.
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Brandao VLN, Faciola AP. Unveiling the relationships between diet composition and fermentation parameters response in dual-flow continuous culture system: a meta-analytical approach. Transl Anim Sci 2019; 3:1064-1075. [PMID: 32704870 PMCID: PMC7200414 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the functional form of the relationship between diet composition (dietary crude protein [CP] and neutral detergent fiber [NDF]) and amount of substrate (fermenter dry matter intake [DMI]) with microbial fermentation end products in a dual-flow continuous culture system. A meta-analysis was performed using data from 75 studies. To derive the linear models, the MIXED procedure was used, and for nonlinear models, the NLMIXED procedure was used. Significance levels to fit the model assumed for fixed and random effects were P ≤ 0.05. Independent variables were dietary NDF, CP, and fermenter DMI, whereas dependent variables were total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration; molar proportions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate; true ruminal digestibilities of organic matter (OM), CP, and NDF; ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration and flows of NH3-N; non-ammonia nitrogen; bacterial-N; dietary-N; and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS). Ruminal digestibilities of OM, NDF, and CP decreased as fermenter DMI increased (P < 0.04). Dietary NDF and CP digestibilities were quadratically associated (P < 0.01). Total VFA linearly increased as DMI increased (P < 0.01), exponentially decreased as dietary NDF increased (P < 0.01), and was quadratically associated with dietary CP (P < 0.01), in which total VFA concentration was maximized at 18% dietary CP. Molar proportion of acetate exponentially increased (P < 0.01) as dietary NDF increased. Molar proportion of propionate linearly increased and exponentially decreased as DMI and dietary NDF increased, respectively (P < 0.01). Bacterial-N quadratically increased and dietary-N exponentially increased as DMI increased (P < 0.01). Flows of bacterial-N and dietary-N linearly decreased as dietary NDF increased (P < 0.02), and dietary-N flow was maximized at 18% CP. The EMPS linearly increased as dietary CP increased (P < 0.02) and was not affected by DMI or dietary NDF (P > 0.05). In summary, increasing fermenter DMI increased total VFA concentration and molar proportion of propionate, whereas, dietary NDF increased the molar proportion of acetate. Dietary CP increased bacterial-N flow and was positively associated with NH3-N concentration. Overall, the analysis of this dataset demonstrates evidences that the dual-flow continuous culture system provides valuable estimates of ruminal digestibility, VFA concentration, and nitrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Queiroz PJB, Silva DC, Borges PAC, Pedroso ACBR, Vinhal APA, Rabelo RE, Silva LAF. Effect of biotin supplementation on milk yield of Girolando cows reared in a tropical climate. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1661-5. [PMID: 30879247 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of biotin supplementation on milk yield and the reproductive efficiency in Girolando cows. The study was conducted on a dairy farm located in central Brazil, between April 2012 and December 2016. Thirty-six Girolando cows in their first lactation were used. The cows were distributed in two treatment groups, each with equivalent weight distributions. Control treatment (CT) cows (n = 18) received a diet without any supplemental biotin, whereas biotin treatment (BT) cows (n = 18) received a diet supplemented with 20 mg/day of biotin during lactation. Biotin supplementation caused a significant increase (p = 0.001) in milk yield in the second lactation, and a trend (p = 0.09) toward higher average production during the three lactations was evaluated. There was no statistically significant difference between the treatments in terms of reproductive efficiency. In conclusion, biotin supplementation (20 mg/day) during lactation for Girolando cows reared in a tropical climate is able to increase milk yield, but does not improve reproductive efficiency.
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Duplessis M, Pellerin D, Robichaud R, Fadul-Pacheco L, Girard CL. Impact of diet management and composition on vitamin B 12 concentration in milk of Holstein cows. Animal 2019; 13:2101-9. [PMID: 30774051 DOI: 10.1017/S1751731119000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As vitamin B12 is only synthesized by bacteria, ruminant products, especially dairy products, are excellent sources of this vitamin. This study aims to identify if diet and cow characteristics could affect vitamin B12 concentration in milk of dairy cows. Information on 1484 first, 1093 second and 1763 third and greater parity Holstein cows in 100 herds was collected during three consecutive milkings. During the first morning milking, all dietary ingredients given to cows were sampled and quantities offered were recorded throughout the day. Nutrient composition of ingredients was obtained by wet chemistry to reconstitute nutrient composition of the ration. Milk samples were taken with in-line milk meters during the evening milking of the 1st day and the morning milking of the 2nd day and were analyzed for vitamin B12 concentration. Milk yields were recorded and milk components were separately analyzed for each milking. Daily vitamin B12 concentration in milk was obtained using morning and evening vitamin B12 concentrations weighted with respective milk yield, then divided by daily yield. To decrease the number of interdependent variables to include in the multivariable model, a principal component analysis was carried out. Daily milk concentration of vitamin B12 averaged 3809±80 pg/ml, 4178±79 pg/ml and 4399±77 pg/ml for first, second and third, and greater lactation cows. Out of 11 principal components, six were significantly related to daily milk concentration of vitamin B12 when entered in the multivariable model. Results suggested that vitamin B12 concentration in milk was positively related to percentage of fiber and negatively related to starch as well as energy of the diet. Negative relationships were noted between vitamin B12 concentration in milk and milk yield as well as milk lactose concentration and positive relationships were observed between vitamin B12 concentration in milk and milk fat as well as protein concentrations. The percentages of chopped mixed silage and commercial energy supplement in the diet as well as cow BW were positively related to vitamin B12 in milk and percentages of baled mixed silage, corn and commercial protein supplement in the ration were negatively related to vitamin B12 concentration in milk. The pseudo-R2 of the model was low (52%) suggesting that diet and cow characteristics have moderate impact on vitamin B12 concentration in milk. Moreover, when entering solely the principal component related to milk production in the model, the pseudo-R2 was 46%. In conclusion, it suggests that studied diet characteristics have a marginal impact on vitamin B12 concentration in milk variation.
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Kaur M, Hartling I, Burnett TA, Polsky LB, Donnan CR, Leclerc H, Veira D, Cerri RLA. Rumen-protected B vitamin complex supplementation during the transition period and early lactation alters endometrium mRNA expression on day 14 of gestation in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:1642-1657. [PMID: 30580942 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Greater metabolic demands in high-producing dairy cows are believed to be a cause of sub-fertility in these animals. Previously, supplementation with vitamin B complex molecules has shown benefits in improving milk production, health, and reproductive efficiency of dairy cows. The primary aim of this project was to determine the effects of rumen-protected vitamin B complex supplementation of 100 g of Transition VB (Jefo, St. Hyacinthe, QC, Canada) and 4 g of Lactation VB (VB; Jefo), during the transition and early lactation periods, respectively, compared with a control diet containing no supplementation on d 14 endometrial outcomes of pregnancy. In the vitamin B supplemented cows, we expect to see a change in the mark-up of endometrial genes important for embryo survival before implantation. Multiparous Holstein cows were enrolled into the study 3 wk before parturition and were randomly assigned to either the VB or control treatment. Twice-a-week blood samples, weekly milk samples, and daily feed intake were collected. Cows were enrolled onto a double-ovsynch protocol at 33 ± 3 d postpartum and inseminated by timed artificial insemination. Milk production and components, concentrations of BHB, haptoglobin, and progesterone in serum, and ovarian dynamics were also measured, but no treatment effect was observed. The uterus was flushed on d 14 after artificial insemination (around 72 DIM) for conceptus collection, and endometrial samples were collected at the same time. Overall, 42 cows were flushed and 13 embryos were collected. Analysis of mRNA expression of genes related to embryo development, immune system, adhesion, and regulation of vitamin B molecules showed that OXTR, MUC5B, MUC1, IL1B, SPP, TRD, FZD8, and FOLR1 genes were significantly upregulated in the VB group. Vitamin B supplementation had no effect on the size of the embryo and ovulatory follicle or corpus luteum diameter at embryo collection. In conclusion, the benefits of strategic dietary VB supplementation during the transition and early lactation might be directly linked to endometrial functions required for embryo survival during the peri-implantation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manveen Kaur
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Ivan Hartling
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Tracy A Burnett
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Liam B Polsky
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Charlotte R Donnan
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | | | - Douglas Veira
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Ronaldo L A Cerri
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada.
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Rizzo A, Sciorsci RL. Role of homocysteine metabolism in animal reproduction: A review. Res Vet Sci 2018; 122:29-35. [PMID: 30448392 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a thiol-containing essential amino acid, important for the growth of cells and tissues. Several hypotheses exist regarding Hcy toxicity in humans; Hcy is involved in protein structural modifications, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity induction and is therefore associated with several pathological conditions in humans. In veterinary science, knowledge regarding Hcy has increased recently due to several studies; however, many aspects remain undiscovered. Many details remain unknown regarding the effect of Hcy levels on pregnancy and the optimal management of pathological conditions associated with Hcy levels during pregnancy in various species. In this review, we aimed to compile various studies on Hcy metabolism to elucidate its current status in the veterinary field, particularly for ovine, bovine, equine, porcine, canine, and feline species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rizzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Section of Obstetric Clinic, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - R L Sciorsci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Section of Obstetric Clinic, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy.
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Brandao V, Silva L, Paula E, Monteiro H, Dai X, Lelis A, Faccenda A, Poulson S, Faciola A. Effects of replacing canola meal with solvent-extracted camelina meal on microbial fermentation in a dual-flow continuous culture system. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:9028-9040. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Takemoto S, Funaba M, Matsui T. Effect of niacin supplementation in long-distance transported steer calves. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1442-1450. [PMID: 30033671 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Long-distance transportation has negative impacts on production and health in cattle. Feed and water are routinely deprived from cattle during transportation. We investigated whether niacin supplementation could improve niacin nutrition and mitigate the adverse effect of transportation with feed and water deprivation in steer calves. We also studied the adverse effect of feed and water deprivation in nontransported steer calves. Twelve calves were assigned to feed and water deprivation for 2 days, or full access to feed and water in experiment 1. Ten calves were assigned to 2-day transportation with feed and water deprivation, or the transportation with feed and water deprivation, but with supplementation of rumen-protected niacin at 100 g/day per head in experiment 2. Bodyweight was measured and blood was collected for 32 days in each experiment. Feed and water deprivation temporarily decreased serum glucose concentrations and bodyweight gain. Transportation with deprivation of feed and water caused a temporal decrease in bodyweight gain and serum albumin concentration, and a continuous decrease in serum glucose and total cholesterol concentrations, which was suppressed by niacin supplementation. Niacin supplementation increased blood niacin concentration. These results suggest that niacin supplementation mitigates adverse effects of transportation with feed and water deprivation in steer calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takemoto
- Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock ZEN-NOH (National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Associations), Kasama, Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Funaba
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tohru Matsui
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Weiss WP. A 100-Year Review: From ascorbic acid to zinc-Mineral and vitamin nutrition of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 100:10045-10060. [PMID: 29153154 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mineral and vitamin nutrition of dairy cows was studied before the first volume of the Journal of Dairy Science was published and is still actively researched today. The initial studies on mineral nutrition of dairy cows were simple balance experiments (although the methods available at the time for measuring minerals were anything but simple). Output of Ca and P in feces, urine, and milk was subtracted from intake of Ca and P, and if values were negative it was often assumed that cows were lacking in the particular mineral. As analytical methods improved, more minerals were found to be required by dairy cows, and blood and tissue concentrations became primary response variables. Those measures often were poorly related to cow health, leading to the use of disease prevalence and immune function as a measure of mineral adequacy. As data were generated, mineral requirements became more accurate and included more sources of variation. In addition to milk yield and body weight inputs, bioavailability coefficients of minerals from different sources are used to formulate diets that can meet the needs of the cow without excessive excretion of minerals in manure, which negatively affects the environment. Milk, or more accurately the lack of milk in human diets, was central to the discovery of vitamins, but research into vitamin nutrition of cows developed slowly. For many decades bioassays were the only available method for measuring vitamin concentrations, which greatly limited research. The history of vitamin nutrition mirrors that of mineral nutrition. Among the first experiments conducted on vitamin nutrition of cows were those examining the factors affecting vitamin concentrations of milk. This was followed by determining the amount of vitamins needed to prevent deficiency diseases, which evolved into research to determine the amount of vitamins required to promote overall good health. The majority of research was conducted on vitamins A, D, and E because these vitamins have a dietary requirement, and clinical and marginal deficiencies became common as diets for cows changed from pasture and full exposure to the sun to stored forage and limited sun exposure. As researchers learned new functions of fat-soluble vitamins, requirements generally increased over time. Diets generally contain substantial amounts of B vitamins, and rumen bacteria can synthesize large quantities of many B vitamins; hence, research on water-soluble vitamins lagged behind. We now know that supplementation of specific water-soluble vitamins can enhance cow health and increase milk production in certain situations. Additional research is needed to define specific requirements for many water-soluble vitamins. Both mineral and vitamin research is hampered by the lack of sensitive biomarkers of status, but advanced molecular techniques may provide measures that respond to altered supply of minerals and vitamins and that are related to health or productive responses of the cow. The overall importance of proper mineral and vitamin nutrition is known, but as we discover new and more diverse functions, better supplementation strategies should lead to even better cow health and higher production.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Weiss
- Department of Animal Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691.
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Abstract
As the co-enzyme of pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, thiamine plays a critical role in carbohydrate metabolism in dairy cows. Apart from feedstuff, microbial thiamine synthesis in the rumen is the main source for dairy cows. However, the amount of ruminal thiamine synthesis, which is influenced by dietary N levels and forage to concentrate ratio, varies greatly. Notably, when dairy cows are overfed high-grain diets, subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) occurs and results in thiamine deficiency. Thiamine deficiency is characterised by decreased ruminal and blood thiamine concentrations and an increased blood thiamine pyrophosphate effect to >45 %. Thiamine deficiency caused by SARA is mainly related to the increased thiamine requirement during high grain feeding, decreased bacterial thiamine synthesis in the rumen, increased thiamine degradation by thiaminase, and decreased thiamine absorption by transporters. Interestingly, thiamine deficiency can be reversed by exogenous thiamine supplementation in the diet. Besides, thiamine supplementation has beneficial effects in dairy cows, such as increased milk and component production and attenuated SARA by improving rumen fermentation, balancing bacterial community and alleviating inflammatory response in the ruminal epithelium. However, there is no conclusive dietary thiamine recommendation for dairy cows, and the impacts of thiamine supplementation on protozoa, solid-attached bacteria, rumen wall-adherent bacteria and nutrient metabolism in dairy cows are still unclear. This knowledge is critical to understand thiamine status and function in dairy cows. Overall, the present review described the current state of knowledge on thiamine nutrition in dairy cows and the major problems that must be addressed in future research.
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Abbasi IHR, Abbasi F, Wang L, Abd El Hack ME, Swelum AA, Hao R, Yao J, Cao Y. Folate promotes S-adenosyl methionine reactions and the microbial methylation cycle and boosts ruminants production and reproduction. AMB Express 2018; 8:65. [PMID: 29687201 PMCID: PMC5913057 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate has gained significant attention due to its vital role in biological methylation and epigenetic machinery. Folate, or vitamin (B9), is only produced through a de novo mechanism by plants and micro-organisms in the rumen of mature animals. Although limited research has been conducted on folate in ruminants, it has been noted that ruminal synthesis could not maintain folate levels in high yielding dairy animals. Folate has an essential role in one-carbon metabolism and is a strong antiproliferative agent. Folate increases DNA stability, being crucial for DNA synthesis and repair, the methylation cycle, and preventing oxidation of DNA by free radicals. Folate is also critical for cell division, metabolism of proteins, synthesis of purine and pyrimidine, and increasing the de novo delivery of methyl groups and S-adenosylmethionine. However, in ruminants, metabolism of B12 and B9 vitamins are closely connected and utilization of folate by cells is significantly affected by B12 vitamin concentration. Supplementation of folate through diet, particularly in early lactation, enhanced metabolic efficiency, lactational performance, and nutritional quality of milk. Impaired absorption, oxidative degradation, or deficient supply of folate in ruminants affects DNA stability, cell division, homocysteine remethylation to methionine, de novo synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, and increases DNA hypomethylation, uracil misincorporation into DNA, chromosomal damage, abnormal cell growth, oxidative species, premature birth, low calf weight, placental tube defects, and decreases production and reproduction of ruminant animals. However, more studies are needed to overcome these problems and reduce enormous dietary supplement waste and impaired absorption of folate in ruminants. This review was aimed to highlight the vital role of folic acid in ruminants performance.
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Seck M, Linton JV, Allen M, Castagnino D, Chouinard P, Girard C. Apparent ruminal synthesis of B vitamins in lactating dairy cows fed diets with different forage-to-concentrate ratios. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:1914-1922. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang C, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Ma L, Zhang Y, Pei C, Zhang S, Wang H. Effects of dietary supplementation of rumen-protected folic acid on rumen fermentation, degradability and excretion of urinary purine derivatives in growing steers. Arch Anim Nutr 2017; 70:441-54. [PMID: 27666679 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2016.1233677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment was undertaken to determine the effects of dietary addition of rumen-protected folic acid (RPFA) on ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, enzyme activity and the relative quantity of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria in growing beef steers. Eight rumen-cannulated Jinnan beef steers averaging 2.5 years of age and 419 ± 1.9 kg body weight were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. The four treatments comprised supplementation levels of 0 (Control), 70, 140 and 210 mg RPFA/kg dietary dry matter (DM). On DM basis, the ration consisted of 50% corn silage, 47% concentrate and 3% soybean oil. The DM intake (averaged 8.5 kg/d) was restricted to 95% of ad libitum intake. The intake of DM, crude protein (CP) and net energy for growth was not affected by treatments. In contrast, increasing RPFA supplementation increased average daily gain and the concentration of total volatile fatty acid and reduced ruminal pH linearly. Furthermore, increasing RPFA supplementation enhanced the acetate to propionate ratio and reduced the ruminal ammonia N content linearly. The ruminal effective degradability of neutral detergent fibre from corn silage and CP from concentrate improved linearly and was highest for the highest supplementation levels. The activities of cellobiase, xylanase, pectinase and α-amylase linearly increased, but carboxymethyl-cellulase and protease were not affected by the addition of RPFA. The relative quantities of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes increased linearly. With increasing RPFA supplementation levels, the excretion of urinary purine derivatives was also increased linearly. The present results indicated that the supplementation of RPFA improved ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, activities of microbial enzymes and the relative quantity of the ruminal cellulolytic bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. According to the conditions of this experiment, the optimum supplementation level of RPFA was 140 mg/kg DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Gang Guo
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - WenJie Huo
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Le Ma
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - YanLi Zhang
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - CaiXia Pei
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - ShuanLin Zhang
- a College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- b Office of Grass and Feed, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Yuci County , Yuci , Shanxi Province , P.R. China
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Castagnino D, Kammes K, Allen M, Gervais R, Chouinard P, Girard C. High-concentrate diets based on forages harvested at different maturity stages affect ruminal synthesis of B vitamins in lactating dairy cows. Animal 2017; 11:608-15. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116001798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Wang C, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Ma L, Zhang Y, Pei C, Zhang S, Wang H. Effects of rumen-protected folic acid on ruminal fermentation, microbial enzyme activity, cellulolytic bacteria and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in growing beef steers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pan XH, Yang L, Xue FG, Xin HR, Jiang LS, Xiong BH, Beckers Y. Relationship between thiamine and subacute ruminal acidosis induced by a high-grain diet in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8790-8801. [PMID: 27568043 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to reveal the effects of grain-induced subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) on thiamine status in blood and rumen fluid in dairy cows. In both experiments, 6 multiparous, rumen-fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used in a 2-treatment, 2-period crossover design. Each experimental period consisted of 21d (total of 42d). Experiment 1 was to investigate the effects of SARA on thiamine status in blood and rumen fluid. Treatments were either control (20% starch, dry matter basis) or SARA-inducing diet (SAID, 33.2% starch, dry matter basis). In experiment 2, the effects of dietary thiamine supplementation on attenuating SARA and ruminal fermentation characteristics in dairy cows were studied. All cows received the same SAID diet during the whole experimental period; treatments were with or without thiamine (180mg of thiamine/kg of dry matter intake). In both experiments, rumen fluid samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12h after morning feeding on d 21 and 42 of the experiments for measurement of pH, thiamine, volatile fatty acid, and lactate contents. Peripheral blood was also collected at 3h after morning feeding on d 21 and 42 to measure thiamine, carbohydrate metabolites, and enzyme activities. In experiment 1, cows fed the SAID diet had lower ruminal and plasma thiamine concentrations and higher lactate than cows fed the control diet. The ruminal thiamine contents were positively related to pH and the concentrations of acetate in the rumen, and negatively correlated with the lactate contents. Experiment 2 demonstrated that ruminal pH and the concentrations of thiamine, acetate, and total volatile fatty acids in the rumen were increased, whereas ruminal lactate contents were reduced by thiamine supplementation. The concentrations of lactate and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in blood were reduced in the thiamine supplemented group, and the opposite was true for the nonesterified fatty acids and α-ketoneglutarate dehydrogenase contents. In conclusion, the thiamine status was affected by SARA in dairy cows and ruminal infusion of thiamine could help attenuate SARA by improving theproportions of ruminal volatile fatty acids and reducing lactate contents in rumen fluid and blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China; Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - L Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - F G Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - H R Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - L S Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - B H Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
| | - Y Beckers
- Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
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Castagnino D, Kammes K, Allen M, Gervais R, Chouinard P, Girard C. Particle length of silages affects apparent ruminal synthesis of B vitamins in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:6229-6236. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Beaudet V, Gervais R, Graulet B, Nozière P, Doreau M, Fanchone A, Castagnino D, Girard C. Effects of dietary nitrogen levels and carbohydrate sources on apparent ruminal synthesis of some B vitamins in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:2730-2739. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Duplessis M, Pellerin D, Cue RI, Girard CL. Short communication: Factors affecting vitamin B12 concentration in milk of commercial dairy herds: An exploratory study. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4886-4892. [PMID: 27040783 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Only bacteria can synthesize vitamin B12, and this requires adequate Co supply. The natural source of vitamin B12 in human diets comes from animal products, especially those from ruminants. This study aimed to describe variability regarding vitamin B12 concentration in milk among and within commercial dairy herds in early lactation. A secondary objective was to explore potential causes for this variability such as genetic variation and diet characteristics. In total, 399 dairy cows (135 primiparous and 264 multiparous; 386 Holstein and 13 Jersey cows) in 15 commercial herds were involved. Milk samples were taken at 27.4±4.1 and 55.4±4.1d in milk. Neither parity (primiparous vs. multiparous) nor sampling time affected milk concentrations of vitamin B12. Nevertheless, vitamin B12 concentration in milk was highly variable among and within dairy herds. The lowest vitamin B12 concentration in milk of cows was observed in the Jersey herd. Among herds, vitamin B12 concentration in milk ranged from 2,309 to 3,878 pg/mL; one glass (250mL) of milk from those herds would provide between 23 and 40% of the vitamin B12 recommended daily allowance. Among individual cows, however, this provision varied between 16 and 57% of the recommendation. In spite of the limited size of the studied population, the heritability value was 0.23, suggesting that genetic selection could modify milk vitamin B12 concentration. We observed a positive relationship between milk vitamin B12 concentration and dietary acid detergent fiber content and a negative relationship between milk concentration of vitamin B12 and dietary crude protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Duplessis
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Centre de Recherche et Développement de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1M 1Z3, Canada
| | - D Pellerin
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - R I Cue
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - C L Girard
- Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Centre de Recherche et Développement de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1M 1Z3, Canada.
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Li H, Liu Q, Wang C, Yang Z, Guo G, Huo W, Pei C, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Wang H, Liu J, Huang Y. Effects of dietary supplements of rumen-protected folic acid on lactation performance, energy balance, blood parameters and reproductive performance in dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016; 213:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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50
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Castagnino D, Seck M, Beaudet V, Kammes K, Linton J, Allen M, Gervais R, Chouinard P, Girard C. Effects of forage family on apparent ruminal synthesis of B vitamins in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:1884-1894. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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