1
|
Liu Y, Zhou S, Wang L, Xu M, Huang X, Li Z, Hajdu A, Zhang L. Machine learning approach combined with causal relationship inferring unlocks the shared pathomechanism between COVID-19 and acute myocardial infarction. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1153106. [PMID: 37065165 PMCID: PMC10090501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1153106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests that people with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a much higher prevalence of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) than the general population. However, the underlying mechanism is not yet comprehended. Therefore, our study aims to explore the potential secret behind this complication.Materials and methodsThe gene expression profiles of COVID-19 and AMI were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After identifying the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by COVID-19 and AMI, we conducted a series of bioinformatics analytics to enhance our understanding of this issue.ResultsOverall, 61 common DEGs were filtered out, based on which we established a powerful diagnostic predictor through 20 mainstream machine-learning algorithms, by utilizing which we could estimate if there is any risk in a specific COVID-19 patient to develop AMI. Moreover, we explored their shared implications of immunology. Most remarkably, through the Bayesian network, we inferred the causal relationships of the essential biological processes through which the underlying mechanism of co-pathogenesis between COVID-19 and AMI was identified.ConclusionFor the first time, the approach of causal relationship inferring was applied to analyzing shared pathomechanism between two relevant diseases, COVID-19 and AMI. Our findings showcase a novel mechanistic insight into COVID-19 and AMI, which may benefit future preventive, personalized, and precision medicine.Graphical abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sixth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shujing Zhou
- Department of Data Science and Visualization, Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Longbin Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xufeng Huang
- Department of Data Science and Visualization, Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zhengrui Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Andras Hajdu
- Department of Data Science and Visualization, Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Andras Hajdu,
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Ling Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang G, Li B, Raghwani J, Vrancken B, Jia R, Hill SC, Fournié G, Cheng Y, Yang Q, Wang Y, Wang Z, Dong L, Pybus OG, Tian H. Bidirectional Movement of Emerging H5N8 Avian Influenza Viruses Between Europe and Asia via Migratory Birds Since Early 2020. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad019. [PMID: 36703230 PMCID: PMC9922686 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Migratory birds play a critical role in the rapid spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus clade 2.3.4.4 across Eurasia. Elucidating the timing and pattern of virus transmission is essential therefore for understanding the spatial dissemination of these viruses. In this study, we surveyed >27,000 wild birds in China, tracked the year-round migration patterns of 20 bird species across China since 2006, and generated new HPAI H5N8 virus genomic data. Using this new data set, we investigated the seasonal transmission dynamics of HPAI H5N8 viruses across Eurasia. We found that introductions of HPAI H5N8 viruses to different Eurasian regions were associated with the seasonal migration of wild birds. Moreover, we report a backflow of HPAI H5N8 virus lineages from Europe to Asia, suggesting that Europe acts as both a source and a sink in the global HPAI virus transmission network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guogang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, National Bird Banding Center of China, Beijing, China
| | - Bingying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Center for Global Change and Public Health, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jayna Raghwani
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bram Vrancken
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Evolutionary and Computational Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Ru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, National Bird Banding Center of China, Beijing, China
| | - Sarah C Hill
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Fournié
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yanchao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Center for Global Change and Public Health, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Yang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yuxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Center for Global Change and Public Health, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengmiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Center for Global Change and Public Health, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Oliver G Pybus
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huaiyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Center for Global Change and Public Health, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Miao X, Feng M, Zhu O, Yang F, Yin Y, Yin Y, Chen S, Qin T, Peng D, Liu X. H5N8 Subtype avian influenza virus isolated from migratory birds emerging in Eastern China possessed a high pathogenicity in mammals. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3325-3338. [PMID: 35989421 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Novel H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) bearing the clade 2.3.4.4b HA gene have been widely spread through wild migratory birds since 2020. One H5N8 HPAIV (A/Wild bird/Cixi/Cixi02/2020; here after Cixi02) was isolated from migratory birds in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China in 25 November 2020. However, its pathogenicity in avian and mammal remains unknown. Hemagglutinin gene genetic analysis indicated that Cixi02 virus belonged to the branch II of H5 clade 2.3.4.4b originated from Iraq in May 2020. Cixi02 virus showed a binding affinity to both SA α-2, 3-galactose (Gal) and SA α-2, 6 Gal receptors, good pH stability, thermostability, and replication ability in both avian and mammal cells. The poultry pathogenicity indicated that Cixi02 virus was lethal to chickens. Moreover, the mammalian pathogenicity showed that the 50% mouse lethal dose (MLD50 ) is 2.14 lgEID50 /50 μl, indicating a high pathogenicity in mice. Meanwhile, Cixi02 virus was widely detected in multiple organs, including heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, turbinate, and brain after nasal infection. In addition, we found high level gene expressions of TNF-α, IL-12p70, CXCL10, and IFN-α in lungs, IL-8 and IL-1β in brains, and observed severe histopathological change in lungs and brains. Collectedly, this study provided new insights on the pathogenic and zoonotic features of an H5N8 subtype AIV isolated from migratory birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mingcan Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ouwen Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yinyan Yin
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuncong Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cui S, Zou L, Liu Y, Zhao J, Lu G, Shi W, Pan Y, Peng X, Zhang D, Yang P, Wang Q. Detection by environmental surveillance and genomic characterization of H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus from a poultry meat market in Beijing, China, 2021-22. Vet Res Commun 2022. [PMID: 36163534 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Since 2010 the year when it was first reported in domestic ducks in China, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 has caused several outbreaks in different countries. The first outbreak wave was documented in South Korea and Japan in 2014 and the second wave was reported in Asian and European countries in 2016. More importantly, zoonotic infection was first reported in poultry workers in Russia in 2021. Therefore, active surveillance on H5N8 is highly needed. Surveillance on live birds instead of environmental samples is commonly reported. In the present study, we reported detection and genomic characterization of an environmental H5N8 strain in environmental samples of Tongzhou poultry meat markets in Beijing on a monthly basis from March 2021 to February 2022. Among 600 samples screened, a total of 27 samples were positive for influenza A virus with 4 typed as H5N8, 10 H7N9, and 13 H9N2. Whole genome sequencing and analysis of one duck neck with a higher virus load showed that A/Environment sample/Beijing/TZ001/20 21 (H5N8) clade 2.3.4.4b had the highest identities (over 99%) in all eight segments with H5N8 isolates from wild birds swan and tern in Hubei and had polybasic cleavage site PLREKRRKR/G, characteristic of a HPAI virus. Overall, our data indicate that HPAI H5N8 virus is still circulating in domestic ducks in China in the study period and continued surveillance in domestic and wild birds is needed to control H5N8.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ye H, Zhang J, Sang Y, Shan N, Qiu W, Zhong W, Li J, Yuan Z. Divergent Reassortment and Transmission Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus in Birds of China During 2021. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:913551. [PMID: 35847056 PMCID: PMC9279683 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.913551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N8) viruses had caused several outbreaks among wild bird and poultry populations across the globe, and strikingly, caused human infection, posing serious public health concerns. In this study, we conducted influenza surveillance in China during 2021 to monitor the evolution of influenza viruses in poultry. A total of 35 influenza viruses were obtained in chickens, ducks, and geese, of which 30 H5N8 viruses, 3 H5N1 viruses, and 2 H5N6 viruses. Phylogenetic analysis suggested all of H5N1, H5N6, and H5N8 isolates were derived from clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 viruses during 2020/21 season, and notably, the internal genes of H5N1 and H5N6 viruses shared different genetic heterogeneity with H5N8 viruses and had been reassorted with wild bird-origin H5N1 viruses from Europe. By contrast, almost all H5N8 viruses exhibited only one phylogenic cluster with wild bird-origin H5N8 viruses in China and Korea, indicating that H5N8 viruses in China were more stable. Besides, we found that Korea is the main output geographic location in the spread of these H5N8 viruses to northern and eastern China, and especially, the co-circulation of H5N8 viruses occurred within China, with central China acted as a seeding population during the H5N8 epidemic. The statistical support was strong for viral migration from wild birds to chickens and ducks, indicating that 2.3.4.4b poultry-origin H5N8 viruses during 2020–2021 were originated from wild birds. Our findings provide novel insights into evolution and transmission dynamics of H5 subtype influenza viruses among poultry after novel H5N8 viruses invaded China for nearly one year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hejia Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou South China Biological Medicine, Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfen Sang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Weihong Qiu
- Guangzhou South China Biological Medicine, Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Zhong
- Guangzhou South China Biological Medicine, Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junbao Li
- Guangzhou South China Biological Medicine, Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxia Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaoxia Yuan,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang W, Liu S, Yin X, Li Z, Lan Z, Xire L, Wang Z, Xie Y, Peng C, Li J, Hou G, Yu X, Sun R, Liu H. Comparative Antigenicity and Pathogenicity of Two Distinct Genotypes of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses (H5N8) From Wild Birds in China, 2020-2021. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:893253. [PMID: 35602012 PMCID: PMC9122345 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.893253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there have been three epidemic waves of H5N8 avian influenza worldwide. The current third epidemic wave began in October 2020 and has expanded to at least 46 countries. Active and passive surveillance were conducted to monitor H5N8 viruses from wild birds in China. Genetic analysis of 10 H5N8 viruses isolated from wild birds identified two different genotypes. Animal challenge experiments indicated that the H5N8 isolates are highly pathogenic in chickens, mildly pathogenic in ducks, while pathogenicity varied in BALB/c mice. Moreover, there were significant differences in antigenicity as compared to Re-11 vaccine strain and vaccinated chickens were not completely protected against challenge with the high dose of H5N8 virus. With the use of the new matched vaccine and increased poultry immune density, surveillance should be intensified to monitor the emergence of mutant strains and potential worldwide spread via wild birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Yin
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhixin Li
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zouran Lan
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control, Jinan, China
| | - Luosong Xire
- Tibet Autonomous Region Veterinary Biological Pharmaceuticals Factory, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhongbing Wang
- Shanxi Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yinqian Xie
- Shaanxi Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinping Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangyu Hou
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Rongzhao Sun
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Hualei Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun R, Jiang W, Liu S, Peng C, Yin X, Liu H, Tang L. Emergence of novel reassortant H5N6 influenza viruses in poultry and humans in Sichuan Province, China, 2021. J Infect 2022; 84:e50-e52. [PMID: 35259421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhao Sun
- Northeast Agricultural University, Haerbin, China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Yin
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Hualei Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijie Tang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Haerbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang W, Dong C, Liu S, Peng C, Yin X, Liang S, Zhang L, Li J, Yu X, Li Y, Wang J, Hou G, Zeng Z, Liu H. Emerging Novel Reassortant Influenza A(H5N6) Viruses in Poultry and Humans, China, 2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1064-1066. [PMID: 35447059 PMCID: PMC9045449 DOI: 10.3201/eid2805.212163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N6) clade 2.3.4.4b virus was isolated from a poultry market in China that a person with a confirmed case had visited. Most genes of the avian and human H5N6 isolates were closely related. The virus also exhibited distinct antigenicity to the Re-11 vaccine strain.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lv X, Li X, Sun H, Li Y, Peng P, Qin S, Wang W, Li Y, An Q, Fu T, Qu F, Xu Q, Qin R, Zhao Z, Wang M, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zeng X, Hou Z, Lei C, Chu D, Li Y, Chai H. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Clade 2.3.4.4b Viruses in Satellite-Tracked Wild Ducks, Ningxia, China, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1039-1042. [PMID: 35447054 PMCID: PMC9045446 DOI: 10.3201/eid2805.211580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During October 2020, we identified 13 highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses from wild ducks in Ningxia, China. These viruses were genetically related to H5N8 viruses circulating mainly in poultry in Europe during early 2020. We also determined movements of H5N8 virus‒infected wild ducks and evidence for spreading of viruses.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Y, Li X, Lv X, Xu Q, Zhao Z, Qin S, Peng P, Qu F, Qin R, An Q, Wang M, Zhang Z, Luo H, Zeng X, Wang Y, Hou Z, Sun H, Wang Y, Xu Y, Li Y, Chai H. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5Nx) Virus of Clade 2.3.4.4b Emerging in Tibet, China, 2021. Microbiol Spectr 2022;:e0064322. [PMID: 35446151 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00643-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
H5N8 and H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of clade 2.3.4.4b were isolated from dead migratory birds and fecal samples collected in Tibet, China, in May 2021. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the viruses isolated in this study may have spread from wintering or stopover grounds of migratory birds in South Asia. We monitored two disparate clade 2.3.4.4b H5Nx viruses in migratory birds in Tibet during their breeding season. The data revealed that breeding grounds may exhibit a potential pooling effect among avian influenza viruses in different migratory populations. IMPORTANCE In this study, 15 H5N8 and two H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b were isolated from dead migratory birds and fecal samples in Tibet, China. Isolates of H5N1 virus of clade 2.3.4.4b have been rarely reported in China. Our findings highlight that breeding grounds may exhibit a potential pooling effect among avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in different migratory populations. In addition to intensification of the surveillance of AIVs in migratory birds in Tibet, China, international cooperation should be strengthened.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhai B, Liu L, Li X, Lv X, Wu J, Li J, Lin S, Yin Y, Lan J, Du J, Wu C, Wen Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Hou Z, Li Y, Chai H, Zeng X. The Variation of Duck RIG-I-Mediated Innate Immune Response Induced by Different Virulence Avian Influenza Viruses. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:842721. [PMID: 35300481 PMCID: PMC8921926 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.842721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the emerging highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) virus has been reported with features of widely spread, an expanding host range, and cross-species transmission, attracting wide attention. The domestic duck plays a major role in the epidemiological cycle of the HPAI H5N8 virus, but little is known concerning innate immune responses during influenza infection in duck species. In this study, we used two wild-bird-origin viruses, H5N8 and H4N6, to conduct duck infection experiments, and detect the load of the two viruses, and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and interferon β (IFN-β) in the host's natural immune response. Through comparison, it is found that the expression levels of RIG-I and IFN-β are both fluctuating. The innate immunity starts rapidly within 6 h after infection and is inhibited by the virus to varying degrees. The expression of RIG-I and IFN-β decreased on 1-2 days post-infection (dpi). The HPAI H5N8 virus has a stronger inhibitory effect on RIG-I than the low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H4N6 virus and is the strongest in the lungs. After infection with HPAI H5N8 virus, 2 dpi, viral RNA replicates in large amounts in the lungs. It has been proven that RIG-I and IFN-β play an important role in the innate immune response of ducks to HPAI H5N8 virus infection, especially in the lungs. The main battlefield of RIG-I and IFN-β after infection with the LPAI H4N6 virus is in the rectum. Both viruses have been effectively controlled after 7 dpi. These results will help to understand the transmission mechanisms of avian influenza virus in wild ducks and help effectively prevent and control avian influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Zhai
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinru Lv
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinyan Wu
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shengze Lin
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuxiang Yin
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaqi Lan
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianan Du
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chenwei Wu
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Wen
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhijun Hou
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Hongliang Chai
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangwei Zeng
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Caliendo V, Leijten L, van de Bildt M, Germeraad E, Fouchier RAM, Beerens N, Kuiken T. Tropism of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Viruses from the 2020/2021 Epizootic in Wild Ducks and Geese. Viruses 2022; 14:280. [PMID: 35215873 PMCID: PMC8880460 DOI: 10.3390/v14020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks have become increasingly frequent in wild bird populations and have caused mass mortality in many wild bird species. The 2020/2021 epizootic was the largest and most deadly ever reported in Europe, and many new bird species tested positive for HPAI virus for the first time. This study investigated the tropism of HPAI virus in wild birds. We tested the pattern of virus attachment of 2020 H5N8 virus to intestinal and respiratory tissues of key bird species; and characterized pathology of naturally infected Eurasian wigeons (Mareca penelope) and barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis). This study determined that 2020 H5N8 virus had a high level of attachment to the intestinal epithelium (enterotropism) of dabbling ducks and geese and retained attachment to airway epithelium (respirotropism). Natural HPAI 2020 H5 virus infection in Eurasian wigeons and barnacle geese also showed a high level of neurotropism, as both species presented with brain lesions that co-localized with virus antigen expression. We concluded that the combination of respirotropism, neurotropism, and possibly enterotropism, contributed to the successful adaptation of 2020/2021 HPAI H5 viruses to wild waterbird populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Caliendo
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.v.d.B.); (R.A.M.F.); (T.K.)
| | - Lonneke Leijten
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.v.d.B.); (R.A.M.F.); (T.K.)
| | - Marco van de Bildt
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.v.d.B.); (R.A.M.F.); (T.K.)
| | - Evelien Germeraad
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (N.B.)
| | - Ron A. M. Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.v.d.B.); (R.A.M.F.); (T.K.)
| | - Nancy Beerens
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (N.B.)
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.v.d.B.); (R.A.M.F.); (T.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li X, Lv X, Li Y, Xie L, Peng P, An Q, Fu T, Qin S, Cui Y, Zhang C, Qin R, Qu F, Zhao Z, Wang M, Xu Q, Li Y, Yang G, Chen G, Zhang J, Zheng H, Ma E, Zhou R, Zeng X, Wang Y, Hou Z, Wang Y, Chu D, Li Y, Chai H. Emergence, prevalence, and evolution of H5N8 avian influenza viruses in central China, 2020. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 11:73-82. [PMID: 34825854 PMCID: PMC8725850 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.2011622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N8) viruses have caused several worldwide outbreaks in birds and are able cross the species barrier to infect humans, posing a substantial threat to public health. After the first detection of H5N8 viruses in deceased swans in Inner Mongolia, we performed early warning and active monitoring along swan migration routes in central China. We isolated and sequenced 42 avian influenza viruses, including 40 H5N8 viruses, 1 H5N2 virus, and 1 H9N2 virus, in central China. Our H5N8 viruses isolated in swan stopover sites and wintering grounds showed high nucleotide homologies in the whole genome, revealing a common evolutionary source. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the H5 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b prevalent in 2020 have further diverged into two sub-clades: b1 and b2. The phylogeographic analysis also showed that the viruses of sub-clade b2 most likely originated from poultry in Russia. Notably, whooper swans were found to be responsible for the introduction of sub-clade b2 viruses in central China; whooper and tundra swans play a role in viral spread in the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin, respectively. Our findings highlight swans as an indicator species for transborder spreading and monitoring of the H5N8 virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinru Lv
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhong Xie
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, General Station for Surveillance of Wildlife Disease & Wildlife Borne Diseases, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Peng
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, General Station for Surveillance of Wildlife Disease & Wildlife Borne Diseases, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing An
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Fu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, General Station for Surveillance of Wildlife Disease & Wildlife Borne Diseases, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Cui
- Sanmenxia Administration of the National Nature Reserve of the Yellow River Wetland, Sanmenxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengbo Zhang
- Ordos Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ordos, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxiu Qin
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyi Qu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenliang Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixi Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuzi Xu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang Yang
- Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Chen
- Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hesong Zheng
- Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Enda Ma
- Bayannur Forestry and Grassland Administration, Bayannur, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifang Zhou
- Bayannur Forestry and Grassland Administration, Bayannur, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Zeng
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Hou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Chu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, General Station for Surveillance of Wildlife Disease & Wildlife Borne Diseases, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Chai
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cui P, Zeng X, Li X, Li Y, Shi J, Zhao C, Qu Z, Wang Y, Guo J, Gu W, Ma Q, Zhang Y, Lin W, Li M, Tian J, Wang D, Xing X, Liu Y, Pan S, Zhang Y, Bao H, Liu L, Tian G, Li C, Deng G, Chen H. Genetic and biological characteristics of the globally circulating H5N8 avian influenza viruses and the protective efficacy offered by the poultry vaccine currently used in China. Sci China Life Sci 2021. [PMID: 34757542 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The H5N8 avian influenza viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 33 million domestic poultry in Europe, Russia, Middle East, and Asia since January 2020. To monitor the invasion and spread of the H5N8 virus in China, we performed active surveillance by analyzing 317 wild bird samples and swab samples collected from 41,172 poultry all over the country. We isolated 22 H5N8 viruses from wild birds and 14 H5N8 viruses from waterfowls. Genetic analysis indicated that the 36 viruses formed two different genotypes: one genotype viruses were widely detected from different wild birds and domestic waterfowls; the other genotype was isolated from a whopper swan. We further revealed the origin and spatiotemporal spread of these two distinct H5N8 virus genotypes in 2020 and 2021. Animal studies indicated that the H5N8 isolates are highly pathogenic to chickens, mildly pathogenic in ducks, but have distinct pathotypes in mice. Moreover, we found that vaccinated poultry in China could be completely protected against H5N8 virus challenge. Given that the H5N8 viruses are likely to continue to spread in wild birds, vaccination of poultry is highly recommended in high-risk countries to prevent H5N8 avian influenza.
Collapse
|
15
|
He G, Ming L, Li X, Song Y, Tang L, Ma M, Cui J, Wang T. Genetically Divergent Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses in Wild Birds, Eastern China. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:2940-2943. [PMID: 34670650 PMCID: PMC8544973 DOI: 10.3201/eid2711.204893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In late 2020, we detected 32 highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) viruses in migratory ducks in Shanghai, China. Phylogenetic analysis of 5 representative isolates identified 2 sublineages of clade 2.3.4.4b. Each sublineage formed separate clusters with isolates from East Asia and Europe.
Collapse
|