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Cevirgel A, Vos M, Holtrop AF, Beckers L, Reukers DFM, Meijer A, Rots N, van Beek J, van Baarle D, de Wit J. Delineating immune variation between adult and children COVID-19 cases and associations with disease severity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5090. [PMID: 38429462 PMCID: PMC10907598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has emphasized the need to explore how variations in the immune system relate to the severity of the disease. This study aimed to explore inter-individual variation in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection by comparing T cell, B cell, and innate cell immune subsets among primary infected children and adults (i.e., those who had never experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection nor received vaccination previously), with varying disease severity after infection. We also examined immune subset kinetics in convalescent individuals compared to those with persistent infection to identify possible markers of immune dysfunction. Distinct immune subset differences were observed between infected adults and children, as well as among adult cases with mild, moderate, and severe disease. IgM memory B cells were absent in moderate and severe cases whereas frequencies of B cells with a lack of surface immunoglobulin expression were significantly higher in severe cases. Interestingly, these immune subsets remained stable during recovery implying that these subsets could be associated with underlying baseline immune variation. Our results offer insights into the potential immune markers associated with severe COVID-19 and provide a foundation for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Cevirgel
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Vos
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Floor Holtrop
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Beckers
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne F M Reukers
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Meijer
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Rots
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Virology and Immunology Research Group, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle de Wit
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Huang Y, Xu Z, Holtappels G, Shen Y, Van Zele T, Wen W, Zhang L, Zhang N, Bachert C. MZB1-expressing cells are essential for local immunoglobulin production in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 132:198-207.e14. [PMID: 37852603 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of MZB1 genes is significantly elevated in patients who have chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) disease compared with healthy controls. OBJECTIVE To characterize MZB1-positive B cells in CRSwNP and to estimate the contribution of distinct subsets of B cells to the local overproduction of immunoglobulins. METHODS Single-cell RNA-sequencing with Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing technology, Switching Mechanism At the 5' end of RNA Template sequencing, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining, Western blot, QuantiGene Plex assay, B-cell ImmunoSpot assay, Luminex assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed. RESULTS Significantly higher mRNA expression of MZB1 and HSP90B1 was found in type 2 CRSwNP compared with controls. In CRSwNP, MZB1 expression correlated with the local production of IgE. MZB1 could be colocalized with plasma and mature B cells, especially marginal zone (MZ) B cells. Single-cell transcriptome and epitope studies revealed prominent populations of B cells in type 2 CRSwNP with unexpectedly high MZB1 gene expression. The MZ B-cell population was significantly increased in CRSwNP compared with healthy controls in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells and nasal tissue single-cell suspensions. When those single cells were cultured overnight, the MZ B-cell numbers were positively correlated with local IgE production but negatively correlated with local IgM production. In vitro, MZB1 stimulation up-regulated the mRNA expression of IgE. CONCLUSION MZB1 was primarily expressed by plasma and mature B cells in nasal mucosa. MZB1 expression level was increased in CRSwNP compared with controls. MZB1 contributed to the local IgE production in type 2 CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, International Airway Research Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Departments of Allergy and Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofeng Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, International Airway Research Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Yang Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Thibaut Van Zele
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Weiping Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, International Airway Research Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Departments of Allergy and Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nan Zhang
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Claus Bachert
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, International Airway Research Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Division of Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinic for ENT diseases and Head and Neck Surgery, University Clinic Münster, Münster, Germany
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Starich O, Rieck JM, Tarter WJ, Hochheimer CJ, Knight V, Abbott JK. Composition of the CD27+ Memory-B-Cell Compartment Delineates Immunoglobulin Deficiency Endotypes. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3838482. [PMID: 38260264 PMCID: PMC10802728 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3838482/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Abstract Purpose The finding of reduced numbers of class-switched memory B cells (CSM) in peripheral blood is widely used to assist the diagnosis and subclassification of CVID. Limited data exists on this finding in relation to the entire class of PADs. In this study, consecutive 8-marker comprehensive B-cell panel results were analyzed to determine how reduced CSM quantities might inform the pathophysiology of CVID and other humoral immunodeficiencies. Methods Subpopulations of CD27+ memory B cells from 64 consecutive subjects with or without humoral immunodeficiency were examined to identify associations with diagnosis and serum immunoglobulin level. Results: CD27+IgM-IgD- percentage (CSM%) was correlated with IgG level in a discontinuous manner with an estimated change point of 9.7% (95% CI: 4.7, 12.4). All subjects with a CSM% below 9.7% had substantially lower serum IgG and IgA levels compared with those above 9.7. CSM% below 9.7% is not associated with serum IgM level. Rather, the proportion of CD27+IgMonly B cells (IgMonly or IgMonly%) is correlated with serum IgM. Conclusion Low CSM% may mark an endotype of humoral immune dysfunction defined by either loss of class switching or critical failure of the coordinated production of both memory cells and long-lived plasma cells responsible for adequate immunoglobulin levels in humans. In patients with low CSM%, maintenance or expansion of IgMonly cells and IgM production suggests the former explanation, while concomitant loss of IgMonly cells suggests the latter. These findings provide a simple endotypic stratification method for future studies on the failed coordinated B cell response in humans with PAD.
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Vitallé J, Zenarruzabeitia O, Merino-Pérez A, Terrén I, Orrantia A, Pacho de Lucas A, Iribarren JA, García-Fraile LJ, Balsalobre L, Amo L, de Andrés B, Borrego F. Human IgM hiCD300a + B Cells Are Circulating Marginal Zone Memory B Cells That Respond to Pneumococcal Polysaccharides and Their Frequency Is Decreased in People Living with HIV. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13754. [PMID: 37762055 PMCID: PMC10530418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CD300a is differentially expressed among B cell subsets, although its expression in immunoglobulin (Ig)M+ B cells is not well known. We identified a B cell subset expressing CD300a and high levels of IgM (IgMhiCD300a+). The results showed that IgMhiCD300a+ B cells were CD10-CD27+CD25+IgDloCD21hiCD23-CD38loCD1chi, suggesting that they are circulating marginal zone (MZ) IgM memory B cells. Regarding the immunoglobulin repertoire, IgMhiCD300a+ B cells exhibited a higher mutation rate and usage of the IgH-VDJ genes than the IgM+CD300a- counterpart. Moreover, the shorter complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) amino acid (AA) length from IgMhiCD300a+ B cells together with the predicted antigen experience repertoire indicates that this B cell subset has a memory phenotype. IgM memory B cells are important in T cell-independent responses. Accordingly, we demonstrate that this particular subset secretes higher amounts of IgM after stimulation with pneumococcal polysaccharides or a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist than IgM+CD300a- cells. Finally, the frequency of IgMhiCD300a+ B cells was lower in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) and it was inversely correlated with the years with HIV infection. Altogether, these data help to identify a memory B cell subset that contributes to T cell-independent responses to pneumococcal infections and may explain the increase in severe pneumococcal infections and the impaired responses to pneumococcal vaccination in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Vitallé
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (O.Z.); (A.M.-P.); (I.T.); (A.O.); (L.A.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Olatz Zenarruzabeitia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (O.Z.); (A.M.-P.); (I.T.); (A.O.); (L.A.)
| | - Aitana Merino-Pérez
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (O.Z.); (A.M.-P.); (I.T.); (A.O.); (L.A.)
| | - Iñigo Terrén
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (O.Z.); (A.M.-P.); (I.T.); (A.O.); (L.A.)
| | - Ane Orrantia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (O.Z.); (A.M.-P.); (I.T.); (A.O.); (L.A.)
| | - Arantza Pacho de Lucas
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
- Immunology Service, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José A. Iribarren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Donostia University Hospital, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Lucio J. García-Fraile
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Internal Medicine, La Princesa University Hospital, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luz Balsalobre
- Laboratory of Microbiology, UR Salud, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, 28702 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Laura Amo
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (O.Z.); (A.M.-P.); (I.T.); (A.O.); (L.A.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Belén de Andrés
- Immunobiology Department, Carlos III Health Institute, 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Francisco Borrego
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (O.Z.); (A.M.-P.); (I.T.); (A.O.); (L.A.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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Patel AJ, Khan N, Richter A, Naidu B, Drayson MT, Middleton GW. Deep immune B and plasma cell repertoire in non-small cell lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1198665. [PMID: 37398676 PMCID: PMC10311499 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction B cells, which have long been thought to be minor players in the development of anti-tumor responses, have been implicated as key players in lung cancer pathogenesis and response to checkpoint blockade in patients with lung cancer. Enrichment of late-stage plasma and memory cells in the tumor microenvironment has been shown in lung cancer, with the plasma cell repertoire existing on a functional spectrum with suppressive phenotypes correlating with outcome. B cell dynamics may be influenced by the inflammatory microenvironment observed in smokers and between LUAD and LUSC. Methods Here, we show through high-dimensional deep phenotyping using mass cytometry (CyTOF), next generation RNA sequencing and multispectral immunofluorescence imaging (VECTRA Polaris) that key differences exist in the B cell repertoire between tumor and circulation in paired specimens from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Results In addition to the current literature, this study provides insight into the in-depth description of the B cell contexture in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with reference to broad clinico-pathological parameters based on our analysis of 56 patients. Our findings reinforce the phenomenon of B-cell trafficking from distant circulatory compartments into the tumour microenvironment (TME). The circulatory repertoire shows a predilection toward plasma and memory phenotypes in LUAD however no major differences exist between LUAD and LUSC at the level of the TME. B cell repertoire, amongst other factors, may be influenced by the inflammatory burden in the TME and circulation, that is, smokers and non-smokers. We have further clearly demonstrated that the plasma cell repertoire exists on a functional spectrum in lung cancer, and that the suppressive regulatory arm of this axis may play a significant role in determining postoperative outcomes as well as following checkpoint blockade. This will require further long-term functional correlation. Conclusion B and Plasma cell repertoire is very diverse and heterogeneous across different tissue compartments in lung cancer. Smoking status associates with key differences in the immune milieu and the consequent inflammatory microenvironment is likely responsible for the functional and phenotypic spectrum we have seen in the plasma cell and B cell repertoire in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay J. Patel
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Naeem Khan
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Babu Naidu
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), College of Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T. Drayson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gary W. Middleton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Nguyen NK, Devilder MC, Gautreau-Rolland L, Fourgeux C, Sinha D, Poschmann J, Hourmant M, Bressollette-Bodin C, Saulquin X, McIlroy D. A cluster of broadly neutralizing IgG against BK polyomavirus in a repertoire dominated by IgM. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201567. [PMID: 36717250 PMCID: PMC9887757 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is an opportunistic pathogen, which is only pathogenic in immunosuppressed individuals, such as kidney transplant recipients, in whom BKPyV can cause significant morbidity. To identify broadly neutralizing antibodies against this virus, we used fluorescence-labeled BKPyV virus-like particles to sort BKPyV-specific B cells from the PBMC of KTx recipients, then single-cell RNAseq to obtain paired heavy- and light-chain antibody sequences from 2,106 sorted B cells. The BKPyV-specific repertoire was highly diverse in terms of both V-gene usage and clonotype diversity and included most of the IgM B cells, including many with extensive somatic hypermutation. In two patients where sufficient data were available, IgM B cells in the BKPyV-specific dataset had significant differences in V-gene usage compared with IgG B cells from the same patient. CDR3 sequence-based clustering allowed us to identify and characterize three broadly neutralizing "41F17-like" clonotypes that were predominantly IgG, suggesting that some specific BKPyV capsid epitopes are preferentially targeted by IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Khanh Nguyen
- Nantes Universitéhttps://ror.org/05c1qsg97 , CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Claire Devilder
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
| | - Laetitia Gautreau-Rolland
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- UFR Sciences et Techniques, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Cynthia Fourgeux
- Nantes Universitéhttps://ror.org/05c1qsg97 , CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Debajyoti Sinha
- Nantes Universitéhttps://ror.org/05c1qsg97 , CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Jeremie Poschmann
- Nantes Universitéhttps://ror.org/05c1qsg97 , CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Maryvonne Hourmant
- CHU Nanteshttps://ror.org/03gnr7b55 , Nantes Université, Service de Néphrologie-Immunologie clinique, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Bressollette-Bodin
- Nantes Universitéhttps://ror.org/05c1qsg97 , CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
- CHU Nanteshttps://ror.org/03gnr7b55 , Nantes Université, Service de Virologie, Nantes, France
- UFR Médecine, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Xavier Saulquin
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- UFR Sciences et Techniques, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Dorian McIlroy
- Nantes Universitéhttps://ror.org/05c1qsg97 , CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
- UFR Sciences et Techniques, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
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Bautista D, Romero-Sánchez C, Franco M, Angel J. Expression of Homing Receptors in IgM +IgD +CD27 + B Cells and Their Frequencies in Appendectomized and/or Tonsillectomized Individuals. Immunol Invest 2023:1-15. [PMID: 36943113 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2187303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, blood circulating IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells are considered analogous to those described in the marginal zone of the spleen and are involved in important immunological processes. The homing receptors they express, and the organs involved in their development (for example, intestinal organs in rabbits) are only partially known. We recently reported that this population is heterogeneous and composed of at least two subsets: one expressing high levels of IgM - IgMhi B cells - and another low levels - IgMlo B cells. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the expression of homing receptors on IgD+CD27+ IgMhi and IgMlo B cells and quantify their frequencies in blood of control and appendectomized and/or tonsillectomized volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using spectral flow cytometry, the simultaneous expression of 12 previously reported markers that differentiate IgMhi B cells and IgMlo B cells and of α4β7, CCR9, CD22 and CCR10 were evaluated in blood circulating B cells of control and appendectomized and/or tonsillectomized volunteers. RESULTS The existence of phenotypically defined IgMlo and IgMhi B cell subsets was confirmed. They differentially expressed intestinal homing receptors, and the expression of α4β7 and CCR9 seems to determine new IgM subpopulations. IgMlo and IgMhi B cells were detected at lower frequencies in the appendectomized and/or tonsillectomized volunteers relative to controls. CONCLUSIONS Human blood circulating IgD+CD27+ IgMlo and IgMhi B cell subsets differentially express homing receptors, and it is necessary to investigate if mucosal organs are important in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bautista
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- GIBAT, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Consuelo Romero-Sánchez
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Group/INMUBO, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
- Clinical Immunology Group, Hospital Militar Central/Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel Franco
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juana Angel
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Bazzi SA, Maguire C, Holay N, Geltman J, Hurley K, DiPasquale C, Abigania M, Olson E, Ehrlich LIR, Triplett TA, Melamed E. Longitudinal COVID-19 immune trajectories in patients with neurological autoimmunity on anti-CD20 therapy. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 68:104195. [PMID: 36223705 PMCID: PMC9511881 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES During the COVID-19 pandemic, B cell depleting therapies pose a clinical concern for patients with neuroimmune conditions, as patients may not mount a sufficient immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccinations. Studies to-date have reported conflicting results on the degree of antibody production post-SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccinations in B cell depleted patients, focusing primarily on short-term immune profiling. Our objective was to follow longitudinal immune responses in COVID-19 B cell depleted patients with neuroimmune disorders post-COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2-vaccination. METHODS CD20 B cell depleted autoimmune patients and age/sex-matched controls positive for SARS-CoV-2 were recruited at Dell Medical School, UT Austin between 2020 and 2021, followed prospectively for 12 months and evaluated at multiple time points for spike S1 receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody titers, B and T cell composition, and frequency of T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 antigens. RESULTS Immune responses post-SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination were evaluated in a cohort of COVID-19 B cell depleted neuroimmune patients (n = 5), COVID-19 non-B cell depleted autoimmune patients (n = 15), COVID-19 immunocompetent patients (n = 117), and healthy controls (n = 6) for a total of 259 samples in 137 participants. 4/5 B cell-depleted patients developed detectable anti-spike RBD antibodies, which were boosted by vaccination in 2 patients. While spike RBD antibodies were associated with presence of CD20+ B cells, very few B cells were required. In contrast, patients whose B cell compartment primarily consisted of CD19+CD20- Bcells during acute COVID-19 disease or vaccination did not seroconvert. Interestingly, circulating Bcells in B cell depleted patients were significantly CD38high with co-expression of CD24 and CD27, indicating that B cell depletion may impact B cell activation patterns. Additionally, all B cell depleted patients mounted a sustained T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 antigens, regardless of seroconversion. Specifically, all patients developed naïve, central memory, effector memory, and effector memory RA+ T cells, suggesting intact T cell memory conversion in B cell depleted patients compared to controls. DISCUSSION We present the longest COVID-19 immune profiling analysis to date in B cell depleted patients, demonstrating that both humoral and cellular immune responses can be generated and sustained up to 12 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Notably, failure to establish humoral immunity did not result in severe disease. We also highlight specific T and B cell signatures that could be used as clinical biomarkers to advise patients on timing of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A Bazzi
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Cole Maguire
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Nisha Holay
- Department of Oncology Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Janelle Geltman
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Kerin Hurley
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Eric Olson
- Babson Diagnostics, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Lauren I R Ehrlich
- Department of Oncology Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Todd A Triplett
- Department of Oncology Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Esther Melamed
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
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Wang LA, Abbott JK. "Common variable immunodeficiency: Challenges for diagnosis". J Immunol Methods 2022; 509:113342. [PMID: 36027932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency is a heterogeneous condition characterized by B cell dysfunction with reduced serum immunoglobulin levels and a highly variable spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from recurrent infections to autoimmune disease. The diagnosis of CVID is often challenging due to the diverse clinical presentation of patients and the existence of multiple diagnostic criteria without a universally adopted consensus. Laboratory evaluation to assist with diagnosis currently includes serum immunoglobulin testing, immunophenotyping, assessment of vaccine response, and genetic testing. Additional emerging techniques include investigation of the B cell repertoire and the use of machine learning algorithms. Advances in our understanding of common variable immunodeficiency will ultimately contribute to earlier diagnosis and novel interventions with the goal of improving prognosis for these patients.
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10
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Koers J, Pollastro S, Tol S, Pico-Knijnenburg I, Derksen NIL, van Schouwenburg PA, van der Burg M, van Ham SM, Rispens T. CD45RB Glycosylation and Ig Isotype Define Maturation of Functionally Distinct B Cell Subsets in Human Peripheral Blood. Front Immunol 2022; 13:891316. [PMID: 35572548 PMCID: PMC9095956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.891316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of CD45RB (RB+) has recently been identified to mark antigen-experienced B cells, independent of their CD27 expression. By using a novel combination of markers including CD45RB glycosylation, CD27 and IgM/IgD isotype expression we segregated human peripheral blood B cell subsets and investigated their IGHV repertoire and in vitro functionality. We observed distinct maturation stages for CD27-RB+ cells, defined by differential expression of non-switched Ig isotypes. CD27-RB+ cells, which only express IgM, were more matured in terms of Ig gene mutation levels and function as compared to CD27-RB+ cells that express both IgM and IgD or cells that were CD27-RB-. Moreover, CD27-RB+IgM+ cells already showed remarkable rigidity in IgM isotype commitment, different from CD27-RB+IgMD+ and CD27-RB- cells that still demonstrated great plasticity in B cell fate decision. Thus, glycosylation of CD45RB is indicative for antigen-primed B cells, which are, dependent on the Ig isotype, functionally distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Koers
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Pollastro
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simon Tol
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Research, Department of Research Facilities, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Pico-Knijnenburg
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ninotska I L Derksen
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pauline A van Schouwenburg
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Meednu N, Rangel-Moreno J, Zhang F, Escalera-Rivera K, Corsiero E, Prediletto E, DiCarlo E, Goodman S, Donlin LT, Raychauduri S, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Orange DE, McDavid A, Anolik JH. Dynamic spectrum of ectopic lymphoid B cell activation and hypermutation in the RA synovium characterized by NR4A nuclear receptor expression. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110766. [PMID: 35508128 PMCID: PMC9234997 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) can develop in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue, but the precise pathways of B cell activation and selection are not well understood. Here, we identify a synovial B cell population characterized by co-expression of a family of orphan nuclear receptors (NR4A1-3), which is highly enriched in RA synovial tissue. A transcriptomic profile of NR4A synovial B cells significantly overlaps with germinal center light zone B cells and an accrual of somatic hypermutation that correlates with loss of naive B cell state. NR4A B cells co-express lymphotoxins α and β and IL-6, supporting functions in ELS promotion. Expanded and shared clones between synovial NR4A B cells and plasma cells and the rapid upregulation with BCR stimulation point to in situ differentiation. Together, we identify a dynamic progression of B cell activation in RA synovial ELS, with NR4A transcription factors having an important role in local adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Meednu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine Escalera-Rivera
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Elisa Corsiero
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
| | - Edoardo Prediletto
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
| | - Edward DiCarlo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Susan Goodman
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura T Donlin
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Soumya Raychauduri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK
| | - Dana E Orange
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA; Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Andrew McDavid
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jennifer H Anolik
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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12
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Siu JHY, Pitcher MJ, Tull TJ, Velounias RL, Guesdon W, Montorsi L, Mahbubani KT, Ellis R, Dhami P, Todd K, Kadolsky UD, Kleeman M, D'Cruz DP, Saeb-Parsy K, Bemark M, Pettigrew GJ, Spencer J. Two subsets of human marginal zone B cells resolved by global analysis of lymphoid tissues and blood. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabm9060. [PMID: 35302862 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm9060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
B cells generate antibodies that are essential for immune protection, but their subgroups are poorly defined. Here, we perform undirected deep profiling of B cells in matched human lymphoid tissues from deceased transplant organ donors and blood. In addition to identifying unanticipated features of tissue-based B cell differentiation, we resolve two subsets of marginal zone B (MZB) cells differing in cell surface and transcriptomic profiles, clonal relationships to other subsets, enrichment of genes in the NOTCH pathway, distribution bias within splenic marginal zone microenvironment, and immunoglobulin repertoire diversity and hypermutation frequency. Each subset is present in spleen, gut-associated lymphoid tissue, mesenteric lymph nodes, and blood. MZB cells and the lineage from which they are derived are depleted in lupus nephritis. Here, we show that this depletion is of only one MZB subset. The other remains unchanged as a proportion of total B cells compared with health. Thus, it is important to factor MZB cell heterogeneity into studies of human B cell responses and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline H Y Siu
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael J Pitcher
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Thomas J Tull
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rebekah L Velounias
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - William Guesdon
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Lucia Montorsi
- School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK.,Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Krishnaa T Mahbubani
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard Ellis
- NIHR Guy's and St Thomas' Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Pawan Dhami
- NIHR Guy's and St Thomas' Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Katrina Todd
- NIHR Guy's and St Thomas' Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ulrich D Kadolsky
- NIHR Guy's and St Thomas' Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michelle Kleeman
- NIHR Guy's and St Thomas' Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - David P D'Cruz
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gavin J Pettigrew
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jo Spencer
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
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13
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Bell KJ, Saad S, Tillett BJ, McGuire HM, Bordbar S, Yap YA, Nguyen LT, Wilkins MR, Corley S, Brodie S, Duong S, Wright CJ, Twigg S, de St Groth BF, Harrison LC, Mackay CR, Gurzov EN, Hamilton-Williams EE, Mariño E. Metabolite-based dietary supplementation in human type 1 diabetes is associated with microbiota and immune modulation. Microbiome 2022; 10:9. [PMID: 35045871 PMCID: PMC8772108 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut microbiota have beneficial anti-inflammatory and gut homeostasis effects and prevent type 1 diabetes (T1D) in mice. Reduced SCFA production indicates a loss of beneficial bacteria, commonly associated with chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including T1D and type 2 diabetes. Here, we addressed whether a metabolite-based dietary supplement has an impact on humans with T1D. We conducted a single-arm pilot-and-feasibility trial with high-amylose maize-resistant starch modified with acetate and butyrate (HAMSAB) to assess safety, while monitoring changes in the gut microbiota in alignment with modulation of the immune system status. RESULTS HAMSAB supplement was administered for 6 weeks with follow-up at 12 weeks in adults with long-standing T1D. Increased concentrations of SCFA acetate, propionate, and butyrate in stools and plasma were in concert with a shift in the composition and function of the gut microbiota. While glucose control and insulin requirements did not change, subjects with the highest SCFA concentrations exhibited the best glycemic control. Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and vitamin B7 production correlated with lower HbA1c and basal insulin requirements. Circulating B and T cells developed a more regulatory phenotype post-intervention. CONCLUSION Changes in gut microbiota composition, function, and immune profile following 6 weeks of HAMSAB supplementation were associated with increased SCFAs in stools and plasma. The persistence of these effects suggests that targeting dietary SCFAs may be a mechanism to alter immune profiles, promote immune tolerance, and improve glycemic control for the treatment of T1D. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12618001391268. Registered 20 August 2018, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375792 Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine J Bell
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bree J Tillett
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Helen M McGuire
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - Sara Bordbar
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Yu Anne Yap
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Long T Nguyen
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Susan Corley
- Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Shannon Brodie
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - Sussan Duong
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - Courtney J Wright
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Twigg
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Barbara Fazekas de St Groth
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - Leonard C Harrison
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Esteban N Gurzov
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emma E Hamilton-Williams
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Eliana Mariño
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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14
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Carsetti R, Terreri S, Conti MG, Fernandez Salinas A, Corrente F, Capponi C, Albano C, Piano Mortari E. Comprehensive phenotyping of human peripheral blood B lymphocytes in healthy conditions. Cytometry A 2021; 101:131-139. [PMID: 34664397 PMCID: PMC9546334 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The B cell compartment provides innate and adaptive immune defenses against pathogens. Different B cell subsets, reflecting the maturation stages of B cells, have noninterchangeable functions and roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. In this review, we provide an overview of the B cell subsets present in peripheral blood of healthy individuals. A specific gating strategy is also described to clearly and univocally identify B cell subsets based on the their phenotypic traits by flow cytometric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Carsetti
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Terreri
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Conti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ane Fernandez Salinas
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Corrente
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Capponi
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Albano
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eva Piano Mortari
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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15
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Ghraichy M, von Niederhäusern V, Kovaltsuk A, Galson JD, Deane CM, Trück J. Different B cell subpopulations show distinct patterns in their IgH repertoire metrics. eLife 2021; 10:73111. [PMID: 34661527 PMCID: PMC8560093 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several human B cell subpopulations are recognised in the peripheral blood, which play distinct roles in the humoral immune response. These cells undergo developmental and maturational changes involving VDJ recombination, somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination, altogether shaping their immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) repertoire. Here, we sequenced the IgH repertoire of naïve, marginal zone, switched and plasma cells from 10 healthy adults along with matched unsorted and in silico separated CD19+ bulk B cells. Using advanced bioinformatic analysis and machine learning, we show that sorted B cell subpopulations are characterised by distinct repertoire characteristics on both the individual sequence and the repertoire level. Sorted subpopulations shared similar repertoire characteristics with their corresponding in silico separated subsets. Furthermore, certain IgH repertoire characteristics correlated with the position of the constant region on the IgH locus. Overall, this study provides unprecedented insight over mechanisms of B cell repertoire control in peripherally circulating B cell subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ghraichy
- Division of Immunology, University Children's Hospital and Children's Research Center, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valentin von Niederhäusern
- Division of Immunology, University Children's Hospital and Children's Research Center, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jacob D Galson
- Division of Immunology, University Children's Hospital and Children's Research Center, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.,Alchemab Therapeutics Ltd, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte M Deane
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Trück
- Division of Immunology, University Children's Hospital and Children's Research Center, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Tjiam MC, Fernandez S, French MA. Characterising the Phenotypic Diversity of Antigen-Specific Memory B Cells Before and After Vaccination. Front Immunol 2021; 12:738123. [PMID: 34650561 PMCID: PMC8505969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of B cell subsets and their contribution to vaccine-induced immunity in humans are not well elucidated but hold important implications for rational vaccine design. Prior studies demonstrate that B cell subsets distinguished by immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype expression exhibit divergent activation-induced fates. Here, the antigen-specific B cell response to tetanus toxoid (TTd) booster vaccination was examined in healthy adults, using a dual-TTd tetramer staining flow cytometry protocol. Unsupervised analyses of the data revealed that prior to vaccination, IgM-expressing CD27+ B cells accounted for the majority of TTd-binding B cells. 7 days following vaccination, there was an acute expansion of TTd-binding plasmablasts (PB) predominantly expressing IgG, and a minority expressing IgA or IgM. Frequencies of all PB subsets returned to baseline at days 14 and 21. TTd-binding IgG+ and IgA+ memory B cells (MBC) exhibited a steady and delayed maximal expansion compared to PB, peaking in frequencies at day 14. In contrast, the number of TTd-binding IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells and IgM-only CD27+ B cells remain unchanged following vaccination. To examine TTd-binding capacity of IgG+ MBC and IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells, surface TTd-tetramer was normalised to expression of the B cell receptor-associated CD79b subunit. CD79b-normalised TTd binding increased in IgG+ MBC, but remained unchanged in IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells, and correlated with the functional affinity index of plasma TTd-specific IgG antibodies, following vaccination. Finally, frequencies of activated (PD-1+ICOS+) circulating follicular helper T cells (cTFH), particularly of the CXCR3-CCR6- cTFH2 cell phenotype, at their peak expansion, strongly predicted antigen-binding capacity of IgG+ MBC. These data highlight the phenotypic and functional diversity of the B cell memory compartment, in their temporal kinetics, antigen-binding capacities and association with cTFH cells, and are important parameters for consideration in assessing vaccine-induced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christian Tjiam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Sonia Fernandez
- Division of Immunology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Martyn A French
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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17
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Cancro MP, Tomayko MM. Memory B cells and plasma cells: The differentiative continuum of humoral immunity. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:72-82. [PMID: 34396546 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory is a composite of lasting antibody titers maintained by plasma cells in conjunction with memory T and B cells. Memory B cells are a critical reservoir for plasma cell generation in the secondary response. Identification of memory B cells requires that they be distinguished from naïve, activated, and germinal center precursors and from plasma cells. Memory B cells are heterogeneous in isotype usage, immunoglobulin mutational content, and phenotypic marker expression. Phenotypic subsets of memory B cells are defined by PD-L2, CD80, and CD73 expression in mice, by CD27 and FCRL4 expression in humans and by T-bet in both mice and humans. These subsets display marked functional heterogeneity, including the ability to rapidly differentiate into plasma cells versus seed germinal centers in the secondary response. Memory B cells are located in the spleen, blood, other lymphoid organs, and barrier tissues, and recent evidence indicates that some memory B cells may be dedicated tissue-resident populations. Open questions about memory B cell longevity, renewal and progenitor-successor relationships with plasma cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Cancro
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary M Tomayko
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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18
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Janssen M, Rijvers L, Koetzier SC, Wierenga-Wolf AF, Melief MJ, van Langelaar J, Runia TF, de Groot CJM, Neuteboom R, Smolders J, van Luijn MM. Pregnancy-induced effects on memory B-cell development in multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12126. [PMID: 34108575 PMCID: PMC8190290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In MS, pathogenic memory B cells infiltrate the brain and develop into antibody-secreting cells. Chemokine receptors not only define their brain-infiltrating capacity, but also assist in their maturation in germinal centers. How this corresponds to pregnancy, as a naturally occurring modifier of MS, is underexplored. Here, we aimed to study the impact of pregnancy on both ex vivo and in vitro B-cell differentiation in MS. The composition and outgrowth of peripheral B cells were compared between 19 MS pregnant patients and 12 healthy controls during the third trimester of pregnancy (low relapse risk) and postpartum (high relapse risk). Transitional, and not naive mature, B-cell frequencies were found to drop in the third trimester, which was most prominent in patients who experienced a pre-pregnancy relapse. Early after delivery, these frequencies raised again, while memory B -cell frequencies modestly declined. CXCR4 was downregulated and CXCR5, CXCR3 and CCR6 were upregulated on postpartum memory B cells, implying enhanced recruitment into germinal center light zones for interaction with T follicular helper (TFH) cells. Postpartum memory B cells of MS patients expressed higher levels of CCR6 and preferentially developed into plasma cells under TFH-like in vitro conditions. These findings imply that memory B- cell differentiation contributes to postpartum relapse risk in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malou Janssen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liza Rijvers
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven C Koetzier
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annet F Wierenga-Wolf
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Melief
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jamie van Langelaar
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessel F Runia
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christianne J M de Groot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rinze Neuteboom
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Smolders
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marvin M van Luijn
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Poderoso T, De la Riva PM, Álvarez B, Ezquerra Á, Domínguez J, Revilla C. CD200R1 and CD200R1L expression is regulated during B cell development in swine and modulates the Ig production in response to the TLR7 ligand imiquimoid. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251187. [PMID: 33961666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD200R family comprises a group of paired receptors that can modulate the activation of immune cells. They are expressed both on myeloid cells and lymphocyte subsets. Here we report that the expression of these receptors on porcine B cells is tightly regulated, being mainly expressed on mature cells. The expression of the inhibitory receptors CD200R1 and/or its splicing variant CD200R1X2, either in combination or not with the activating receptor CD200R1L, is upregulated in sIgM+ effector/memory cells, and tends to decline thereafter as these cells progress to plasmablasts or switch the Ig isotype. sIgM+ naïve and primed cells only express, by contrast, the CD200R1X2 receptor. B-1 like cells also express CD200R1 isoforms, either alone or in combination with CD200R1L. Treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with a monoclonal antibody specific for inhibitory receptors, enhances the IgM and IgG production induced by TLR7 stimulation suggesting a modulatory role of B cell functions of these receptors.
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20
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Trend S, Leffler J, Jones AP, Cha L, Gorman S, Brown DA, Breit SN, Kermode AG, French MA, Ward NC, Hart PH. Associations of serum short-chain fatty acids with circulating immune cells and serum biomarkers in patients with multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5244. [PMID: 33664396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered composition of gut bacteria and changes to the production of their bioactive metabolites, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been implicated in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the immunomodulatory actions of SCFAs and intermediaries in their ability to influence MS pathogenesis are uncertain. In this study, levels of serum SCFAs were correlated with immune cell abundance and phenotype as well as with other relevant serum factors in blood samples taken at first presentation of Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS; an early form of MS) or MS and compared to healthy controls. There was a small but significant reduction in propionate levels in the serum of patients with CIS or MS compared with healthy controls. The frequencies of circulating T follicular regulatory cells and T follicular helper cells were significantly positively correlated with serum levels of propionate. Levels of butyrate associated positively with frequencies of IL-10-producing B-cells and negatively with frequencies of class-switched memory B-cells. TNF production by polyclonally-activated B-cells correlated negatively with acetate levels. Levels of serum SCFAs associated with changes in circulating immune cells and biomarkers implicated in the development of MS.
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21
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Trend S, Leffler J, Teige I, Frendéus B, Kermode AG, French MA, Hart PH. FcγRIIb Expression Is Decreased on Naive and Marginal Zone-Like B Cells From Females With Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2021; 11:614492. [PMID: 33505402 PMCID: PMC7832177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are critical to the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the mechanisms by which they contribute to the disease are poorly defined. We hypothesised that the expression of CD32b (FcγRIIb), a receptor for the Fc region of IgG with inhibitory activities in B cells, is lower on B cell subsets from people with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or MS. CD32b expression was highest on post-naive IgM+ B cell subsets in healthy controls. For females with MS or CIS, significantly lower CD32b expression was identified on IgM+ B cell subsets, including naive and IgMhi MZ-like B cells, when compared with control females. Lower CD32b expression on these B cell subsets was associated with detectable anti-Epstein Barr Virus viral capsid antigen IgM antibodies, and higher serum levels of B cell activating factor. To investigate the effects of lower CD32b expression, B cells were polyclonally activated in the presence of IgG immune complexes, with or without a CD32b blocking antibody, and the expression of TNF and IL-10 in B cell subsets was assessed. The reduction of TNF but not IL-10 expression in controls mediated by IgG immune complexes was reversed by CD32b blockade in naive and IgMhi MZ-like B cells only. However, no consequence of lower CD32b expression on these cells from females with CIS or MS was detected. Our findings highlight a potential role for naive and marginal zone-like B cells in the immunopathogenesis of MS in females, which requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Trend
- Inflammation Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jonatan Leffler
- Inflammation Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ingrid Teige
- Demyelinating Diseases Research Group, BioInvent International AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Frendéus
- Demyelinating Diseases Research Group, BioInvent International AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Allan G Kermode
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Martyn A French
- Medical School and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Prue H Hart
- Inflammation Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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22
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Smith SA, Murray PM, Amancha PK, Ackerley CG, Hu YJ, Amara RR, Kelley CF. Ex vivo rectal explant model reveals potential opposing roles of Natural Killer cells and Marginal Zone-like B cells in HIV-1 infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20154. [PMID: 33214610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76976-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of innate immune responses in human rectal mucosal tissues (RM) and their contributions to promoting or restricting HIV transmission is limited. We defined the RM composition of innate and innate-like cell subsets, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells; CD1c + myeloid DCs; neutrophils; macrophages; natural killer cells (NK); Marginal Zone-like B cells (MZB); γδ T cells; and mucosal-associated invariant T cells in RM from 69 HIV-negative men by flow cytometry. Associations between these cell subsets and HIV-1 replication in ex vivo RM explant challenge experiments revealed an inverse correlation between RM-NK and p24 production, in contrast to a positive association between RM-MZB and HIV replication. Comparison of RM and blood-derived MZB and NK illustrated qualitative and quantitative differences between tissue compartments. Additionally, 22 soluble molecules were measured in a subset of explant cultures (n = 26). Higher production of IL-17A, IFN-γ, IL-10, IP-10, GM-CSF, sFasL, Granzyme A, Granzyme B, Granulysin, and Perforin following infection positively correlated with HIV replication. These data show novel associations between MZB and NK cells and p24 production in RM and underscore the importance of inflammatory cytokines in mucosal HIV infection, demonstrating the likely critical role these innate immune responses play in early mucosal HIV replication in humans.
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23
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Trend S, Leffler J, Cooper MN, Byrne SN, Kermode AG, French MA, Hart PH. Narrowband UVB phototherapy reduces TNF production by B-cell subsets stimulated via TLR7 from individuals with early multiple sclerosis. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1197. [PMID: 33088505 PMCID: PMC7561518 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives At the end of a 60‐day course of narrowband UVB phototherapy, administered to individuals with early multiple sclerosis, there were changes in the relative proportions of circulating B‐cell subsets. This study investigated phototherapy‐associated changes to cytokine responses of B cells when exposed to a TLR7 ligand. Methods PBMCs from participants of the PhoCIS (Phototherapy for Clinically Isolated Syndrome) trial taken before (day 1) and after phototherapy for 8 weeks (day 60) were incubated with, or without, the TLR7 ligand, R848, for 18 h. Production of TNF and IL‐10 in seven B‐cell subsets was examined, with cytokine responses in each individual at day 60, adjusted for responses at day 1. Paired PBMCs were from participants administered phototherapy (n = 7) or controls (n = 6). Results At day 60, significantly fewer B cells, particularly marginal zone‐like B cells (CD27+/IgD+), from participants administered phototherapy produced TNF in response to TLR7 stimulation. When responses by seven B‐cell subsets were analysed together using multivariate methods, a phototherapy‐specific signature was observed. An increased responsiveness from day 1 to day 60 in IgM‐only memory B cells (CD27+/IgD−/IgM+) after TLR7 stimulation also predicted slower progression from CIS to MS. Phototherapy was without significant effect on B‐cell IL‐10 production. Conclusions Reduced TNF responses after TLR7 stimulation in marginal zone‐like B cells from participants administered phototherapy suggested treatment‐associated priming effects that were detected upon subsequent polyclonal B‐cell activation. Changes in responsiveness to TLR7 stimulation also suggested that IgM‐only memory B cells may be important in conversion from CIS to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Trend
- Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - Jonatan Leffler
- Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - Matthew N Cooper
- Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - Scott N Byrne
- School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.,Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research Westmead Institute for Medical Research Westmead NSW Australia
| | - Allan G Kermode
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia.,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Disease Murdoch University Perth WA Australia
| | - Martyn A French
- UWA Medical School and School of Biomedical Sciences University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
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