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Mirjačić Martinović K, Vuletić A, Tišma Miletić N, Matković S, Gavrilović D, Ninković A, Jurišić V, Babović N. Circulating IL-6 is associated with disease progression in BRAFwt metastatic melanoma patients receiving anti-PD-1 therapy. J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:343-351. [PMID: 36754615 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Despite efficacy of anti-PD-1 blockade in treatment of metastatic melanoma (MM), many patients achieve rapid disease progression (DP). Therefore, the aim of this study is to better define biomarkers for DP by analysing levels of circulating cytokines TGF-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in MM patients prior to anti-PD-1 therapy. METHODS Cytokine levels were evaluated before therapy with pembrolizumab in peripheral blood of BRAF wild-type (wt) MM patients by ELISA method. RESULTS In this study, we give pretherapy levels for circulating TGF-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in BRAFwt MM patients and analyse them according to metastasis stage (M1a+M1 b, M1c, M1d groups), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level and occurrence of DP. Increased IL-6 level was found in M1d group (central nervous system metastasis), while LDH+patients (LDH ≥460 IU/L) have increased IL-6 and IL-8 values that correlate with LDH level. Also, IL-6 correlates with C reactive protein values. Furthermore, patients with DP have significantly higher IL-6 level compared with non-DP patients. Conversely, the other analysed cytokines are similar in investigated groups of MM patients. By receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, pretherapy IL-6 level was found to be a biomarker for the occurrence of DP with cut-off value of 3.02 pg/mL. Patients in M1d stage are prevalent in the group with IL-6 ≥3.02 pg/mL that is characterised with reduced progression-free survival and higher pretherapy IL-8 and LDH. CONCLUSION The evidence in this study implies that baseline IL-6 could be a biomarker of DP and poor prognosis in BRAFwt MM patients treated with pembrolizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Mirjačić Martinović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Vuletić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Tišma Miletić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Suzana Matković
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušica Gavrilović
- Data Centre, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Ninković
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jurišić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nada Babović
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, Serbia
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Comen E, Budhu S, Elhanati Y, Page D, Rasalan-Ho T, Ritter E, Wong P, Plitas G, Patil S, Brogi E, Jochelson M, Bryce Y, Solomon SB, Norton L, Merghoub T, McArthur HL. Preoperative immune checkpoint inhibition and cryoablation in early-stage breast cancer. iScience 2024; 27:108880. [PMID: 38333710 PMCID: PMC10850740 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Local cryoablation can engender systemic immune activation/anticancer responses in tumors otherwise resistant to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). We evaluated the safety/tolerability of preoperative cryoablation plus ipilimumab and nivolumab in 5 early-stage/resectable breast cancers. The primary endpoint was met when all 5 patients underwent standard-of-care primary breast surgery undelayedly. Three patients developed transient hyperthyroidism; one developed grade 4 liver toxicity (resolved with supportive management). We compared this strategy with cryoablation and/or ipilimumab. Dual ICB plus cryoablation induced higher expression of T cell activation markers and serum Th1 cytokines and reduced immunosuppressive serum CD4+PD-1hi T cells, improving effector-to-suppressor T cell ratio. After dual ICB and before cryoablation, T cell receptor sequencing of 4 patients showed increased T cell clonality. In this small subset of patients, we provide preliminary evidence that preoperative cryoablation plus ipilimumab and nivolumab is feasible, inducing systemic adaptive immune activation potentially more robust than cryoablation with/without ipilimumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Comen
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sadna Budhu
- Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Mayer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuval Elhanati
- Computational Oncology Service, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Page
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Teresa Rasalan-Ho
- Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erika Ritter
- Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phillip Wong
- Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Plitas
- Breast Surgery, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sujata Patil
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edi Brogi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maxine Jochelson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yolanda Bryce
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen B. Solomon
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Larry Norton
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Mayer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather L. McArthur
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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3
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Jin S, Shen Z, Li J, Liu X, Zhu Q, Li F, Shi Y, Lin P, Xu X, Chen X, Geng X, Ding X, Liu H. Clinicopathological features of kidney injury in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. J Clin Pathol 2024:jcp-2023-209173. [PMID: 38242556 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-209173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPi) combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy has increasingly become a promising strategy in various malignancies. However, the combination might be associated with increased risk of nephrotoxicity. METHODS We retrospectively recruited patients who suffered kidney injury and received renal biopsy after anti-VEGF/ICPi mono- or combination therapy and divided them into three groups: anti-VEGF monotherapy, ICPi monotherapy and combination therapy. Clinical and histopathological features of three groups were analysed. All patients were followed-up for 3 months after biopsy, with or without glucocorticoid treatment, and renal outcome were compared. RESULTS A total of 46 patients were enrolled. Eighteen patients received anti-VEGF monotherapy, 12 received ICPi monotherapy and 16 received combined treatment of anti-VEGF and ICPi. Proteinuria level of anti-VEGF group, ICPi group and combination group were 4.07±3.17 g/day, 0.60±0.61 g/day and 2.05±2.50 g/day, respectively (p=0.002). The peak serum creatinine level of combination group (1.75±0.77 mg/dL) was also in between ICPi group (2.79±0.90 mg/dL) and anti-VEGF group (1.34±0.60 mg/dL) (p<0.001). Multiple histopathological patterns involving glomerulus, tubulointerstitium and vessel existed in the majority of cases in combination group (68.8%). Renal complete and partial recovery rate of combination therapy were also in between monotherapy (57.1% vs 40.0% in anti-VEGF group, 100.0% in ICPi group, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Kidney injury in patients treated with combination therapy of ICPi and anti-VEGF shows hybrid pathological patterns and intermediate clinical features compared with monotherapy. Cohorts with larger sample and better design, as well as basic research, are needed to elucidate the mechanism of 'protection' effect of combination anti-cancer therapy to renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueguang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xialian Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Geng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Vishwas S, Paul SD, Singh D. An Insight on Skin Cancer About Different Targets With Update on Clinical Trials and Investigational Drugs. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:852-869. [PMID: 37496132 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230726150642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a diverse disease caused by transcriptional changes involving genetic and epigenetic features that influence a huge variety of genes and proteins. Skin cancer is a potentially fatal disease that affects equally men and women globally and is characterized by many molecular changes. Despite the availability of various improved approaches for detecting and treating skin cancer, it continues to be the leading cause of death throughout society. This review highlights a general overview of skin cancer, with an emphasis on epidemiology, types, risk factors, pathological and targeted facets, biomarkers and molecular markers, immunotherapy, and clinical updates of investigational drugs associated with skin cancer. The skin cancer challenges are acknowledged throughout this study, and the potential application of novel biomarkers of skin cancer formation, progression, metastasis, and prognosis is explored. Although the mechanism of skin carcinogenesis is currently poorly understood, multiple articles have shown that genetic and molecular changes are involved. Furthermore, several skin cancer risk factors are now recognized, allowing for efficient skin cancer prevention. There have been considerable improvements in the field of targeted treatment, and future research into additional targets will expand patients' therapeutic choices. In comparison to earlier articles on the same issue, this review focused on molecular and genetic factors and examined various skin cancer-related factors in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Vishwas
- Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhilai (C.G.) India
- Sanskar City College of Pharmacy, Rajnandgaon, Bhilai (C.G.) India
| | - Swarnali Das Paul
- Shri Shankaracharya College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhilai (C.G.) India
| | - Deepika Singh
- Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhilai (C.G.) India
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Alsadi N, Yasavoli-Sharahi H, Mueller R, Cuenin C, Chung F, Herceg Z, Matar C. Protective Mechanisms of Polyphenol-Enriched Blueberry Preparation in Preventing Inflammation in the Skin against UVB-Induced Damage in an Animal Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:25. [PMID: 38275645 PMCID: PMC10812677 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
UVB significantly impacts the occurrence of cutaneous disorders, ranging from inflammatory to neoplastic diseases. Polyphenols derived from plants have been found to exhibit photoprotective effects against various factors that contribute to skin cancer. During the fermentation of the polyphenol-enriched blueberry preparation (PEBP), small oligomers of polyphenols were released, thus enhancing their photoprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of PEBP on UVB-induced skin inflammation. Topical preparations of polyphenols were applied to the skin of dorsally shaved mice. Mice were subsequently exposed to UVB and were sacrificed 90 min after UVB exposure. This study revealed that pretreatment with PEBP significantly inhibited UVB-induced recruitment of mast and neutrophil cells and prevented the loss of skin thickness. Furthermore, the findings show that PEBP treatment resulted in the downregulation of miR-210, 146a, and 155 and the upregulation of miR-200c and miR-205 compared to the UVB-irradiated mice. Additionally, PEBP was found to reduce the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα, inhibiting COX-2 and increasing IL-10 after UVB exposure. Moreover, DNA methylation analysis indicated that PEBP might potentially reduce the activation of inflammation-related pathways such as MAPK, Wnt, Notch, and PI3K-AKT signaling. Our finding suggests that topical application of PEBP treatment may effectively prevent UVB-induced skin damage by inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Alsadi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (N.A.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Hamed Yasavoli-Sharahi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (N.A.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Rudolf Mueller
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Cyrille Cuenin
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (Z.H.)
| | - Felicia Chung
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (Z.H.)
| | - Chantal Matar
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (N.A.); (H.Y.-S.)
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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Kumari S, Kumar P. Identification and characterization of putative biomarkers and therapeutic axis in Glioblastoma multiforme microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1236271. [PMID: 37538397 PMCID: PMC10395518 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1236271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-cellular secretory components, including chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors in the tumor microenvironment, are often dysregulated, impacting tumorigenesis in Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) microenvironment, where the prognostic significance of the current treatment remains unsatisfactory. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of post-translational modifications (PTM) and their respective enzymes, such as acetylation and ubiquitination in GBM etiology through modulating signaling events. However, the relationship between non-cellular secretory components and post-translational modifications will create a research void in GBM therapeutics. Therefore, we aim to bridge the gap between non-cellular secretory components and PTM modifications through machine learning and computational biology approaches. Herein, we highlighted the importance of BMP1, CTSB, LOX, LOXL1, PLOD1, MMP9, SERPINE1, and SERPING1 in GBM etiology. Further, we demonstrated the positive relationship between the E2 conjugating enzymes (Ube2E1, Ube2H, Ube2J2, Ube2C, Ube2J2, and Ube2S), E3 ligases (VHL and GNB2L1) and substrate (HIF1A). Additionally, we reported the novel HAT1-induced acetylation sites of Ube2S (K211) and Ube2H (K8, K52). Structural and functional characterization of Ube2S (8) and Ube2H (1) have identified their association with protein kinases. Lastly, our results found a putative therapeutic axis HAT1-Ube2S(K211)-GNB2L1-HIF1A and potential predictive biomarkers (CTSB, HAT1, Ube2H, VHL, and GNB2L1) that play a critical role in GBM pathogenesis.
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Liu D, Hu L, Shao H. Therapeutic drug monitoring of immune checkpoint inhibitors: based on their pharmacokinetic properties and biomarkers. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023:10.1007/s00280-023-04541-8. [PMID: 37410155 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
As a new means of oncology treatment, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can improve survival rates in patients with resistant or refractory tumors. However, there are obvious inter-individual differences in the unsatisfactory response rate, drug resistance rate and the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAE). These questions have sparked interest in researchers looking for a way to screen sensitive populations and predict efficacy and safety. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a way to ensure the safety and effectiveness of medication by measuring the concentration of drugs in body fluids and adjusting the medication regimen. It has the potential to be an adjunctive means of predicting the safety and efficacy of ICIs treatment. In this review, the author outlined the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of ICIs in patients. The feasibility and limitations of TDM of ICIs were discussed by summarizing the relationships between the pharmacokinetic parameters and the efficacy, toxicity and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linlin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Office of Medication Clinical Institution, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Shao
- Office of Medication Clinical Institution, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Lange PF, Schilling O, Huesgen PF. Positional proteomics: is the technology ready to study clinical cohorts? Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:309-318. [PMID: 37869791 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2272046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Positional proteomics provides proteome-wide information on protein termini and their modifications, uniquely enabling unambiguous identification of site-specific, limited proteolysis. Such proteolytic cleavage irreversibly modifies protein sequences resulting in new proteoforms with distinct protease-generated neo-N and C-termini and altered localization and activity. Misregulated proteolysis is implicated in a wide variety of human diseases. Protein termini, therefore, constitute a huge, largely unexplored source of specific analytes that provides a deep view into the functional proteome and a treasure trove for biomarkers. AREAS COVERED We briefly review principal approaches to define protein termini and discuss recent advances in method development. We further highlight the potential of positional proteomics to identify and trace specific proteoforms, with a focus on proteolytic processes altered in disease. Lastly, we discuss current challenges and potential for applying positional proteomics in biomarker and pre-clinical research. EXPERT OPINION Recent developments in positional proteomics have provided significant advances in sensitivity and throughput. In-depth analysis of proteolytic processes in clinical cohorts thus appears feasible in the near future. We argue that this will provide insights into the functional state of the proteome and offer new opportunities to utilize proteolytic processes altered or targeted in disease as specific diagnostic, prognostic and companion biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp F Lange
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department for Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Rezaie Y, Fattahi F, Mashinchi B, Kamyab Hesari K, Montazeri S, Kalantari E, Madjd Z, Saeednejad Zanjani L. High expression of Talin-1 is associated with tumor progression and recurrence in melanoma skin cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:302. [PMID: 37013489 PMCID: PMC10069040 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10771-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Talin-1 as a component of multi-protein adhesion complexes plays a role in tumor formation and migration in various malignancies. This study investigated Talin-1 in protein levels as a potential prognosis biomarker in skin tumors. METHODS Talin-1 was evaluated in 106 skin cancer (33 melanomas and 73 non-melanomas skin cancer (NMSC)) and 11 normal skin formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples using immunohistochemical technique on tissue microarrays (TMAs). The association between the expression of Talin-1 and clinicopathological parameters, as well as survival outcomes, were assessed. RESULTS Our findings from data minings through bioinformatics tools indicated dysregulation of Talin-1 in mRNA levels for skin cancer samples. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in Talin-1 expression in terms of intensity of staining, percentage of positive tumor cells, and H-score in melanoma tissues compared to NMSC (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, high cytoplasmic expression of Talin-1 was found to be associated with significantly advanced stages (P = 0.024), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.023), and recurrence (P = 0.006) in melanoma cancer tissues. Our results on NMSC showed a statistically significant association between high intensity of staining and the poor differentiation (P = 0.044). No significant associations were observed between Talin-1 expression levels and survival outcomes of melanoma and NMSC patients. CONCLUSION Our observations showed that higher expression of Talin1 in protein level may be significantly associated with more aggressive tumor behavior and advanced disease in patients with skin cancer. However, further studies are required to find the mechanism of action of Talin-1 in skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Rezaie
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14535, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Fattahi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14535, Iran
| | - Baharnaz Mashinchi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14535, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Kamyab Hesari
- Department of Dermatopathology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Montazeri
- Department of Dermatopathology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Kalantari
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14535, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14535, Iran.
| | - Leili Saeednejad Zanjani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14535, Iran.
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Khalili P, Vatankhah R. Optimal control design for drug delivery of immunotherapy in chemoimmunotherapy treatment. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2023; 229:107248. [PMID: 36463673 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There are various approaches to control a mathematical dynamic of cancer, each of which is suitable for a special goal. Optimal control is considered as an applicable method to calculate the minimum necessary drug delivery in such systems. METHODS In this paper, a mathematical dynamic of cancer is proposed considering tumor cells, natural killer cells, CD8+T cells, circulating lymphocytes, IL-2 cytokine and Regulatory T cells as the system states, and chemotherapy, IL-2 and activated CD8+T cells injection rate as the control signals. After verifying the proposed mathematical model, the importance of the drug delivery timing and the effect of cancer cells initial condition are discussed. Afterwards, an optimal control is designed by defining a proper cost function with the goal of minimizing the number of tumor cells, and two immunotherapy drug amounts during treatment CONCLUSIONS: Results show that inappropriate injection of immunotherapy time schedule and the number of initial conditions of cancer cells might result in chemoimmunotherapy failure and auxiliary treatment must be prescribed to decrease tumor size before any treatment takes place. The obtained optimal control signals show that with lower amount of drug delivery and a suitable drug injection time schedule, tumor cells can be eliminated while a fixed immunotherapy time schedule protocol fails with larger amount of drug injection. This conclusion can be utilized with the aim of personalizing drug delivery and designing more accurate clinical trials based on the improved model simulations in order to save cost and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariya Khalili
- PhD Candidate, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Vatankhah
- Associated Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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11
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Chen L, Wen Y, Xiong J, Chen Y, Chen CB. An Immunogenic Cell Death-Related Gene Signature Reflects Immune Landscape and Predicts Prognosis in Melanoma Independently of BRAF V600E Status. Biomed Res Int 2023; 2023:1189022. [PMID: 36704723 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1189022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of regulated cell death that can activate adaptive immune response, and its ability to reshape the tumor microenvironment via multiple mechanisms may contribute to immunotherapy. The treatment options for patients with skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) vary based on BRAF V600E statuses. However, all standard treatments include immunotherapy. Therefore, it is critical to identify ICD-associated signatures that can help classify patients according to benefits from ICD immunotherapy. In this study, data on melanoma samples with BRAF V600E mutation (BRAF V600E-mutant melanoma) and melanoma samples with wild-type BRAF V600E alleles (BRAF V600E WT melanoma) were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The ICD-related (ICD-high and ICD-low) subgroups of patients with BRAF V600E WT melanoma were established via consensus clustering. The analyses of survival, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), functional annotation, and immune landscape were performed in these two subgroups. Results showed that ICD-high subgroup was correlated with a positive overall survival (OS) and active tumor immune landscape. A model comprising seven prognosis ICD-related gene biomarkers was developed. Survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve evaluation in both cohorts with BRAF V600E WT and BRAF V600E-mutant melanoma showed an accurate prognostic estimation of ICD-related risk signature. There was a correlation between immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy response and risk score. Thus, the ICD risk signature was closely associated with the tumor's immune microenvironment. Our results may provide insights to further individualize and improve precision therapeutic decision-making in BRAF V600E-mutant and WT melanoma.
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12
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Drouillard D, Craig BT, Dwinell MB. Physiology of chemokines in the cancer microenvironment. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C167-C182. [PMID: 36317799 PMCID: PMC9829481 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00151.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines whose canonical functions govern movement of receptor-expressing cells along chemical gradients. Chemokines are a physiological system that is finely tuned by ligand and receptor expression, ligand or receptor oligomerization, redundancy, expression of atypical receptors, and non-GPCR binding partners that cumulatively influence discrete pharmacological signaling responses and cellular functions. In cancer, chemokines play paradoxical roles in both the directed emigration of metastatic, receptor-expressing cancer cells out of the tumor as well as immigration of tumor-infiltrating immune cells that culminate in a tumor-unique immune microenvironment. In the age of precision oncology, strategies to effectively harness the power of immunotherapy requires consideration of chemokine gradients within the unique spatial topography and temporal influences with heterogeneous tumors. In this article, we review current literature on the diversity of chemokine ligands and their cellular receptors that detect and process chemotactic gradients and illustrate how differences between ligand recognition and receptor activation influence the signaling machinery that drives cellular movement into and out of the tumor microenvironment. Facets of chemokine physiology across discrete cancer immune phenotypes are contrasted to existing chemokine-centered therapies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan Drouillard
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Brian T Craig
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michael B Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Center for Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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13
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Cappello A, Mancini M, Madonna S, Rinaldo S, Paone A, Scarponi C, Belardo A, Zolla L, Zuccotti A, Panatta E, Pallotta S, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Albanesi C, Cutruzzolà F, Wang L, Jia W, Melino G, Candi E. Extracellular serine empowers epidermal proliferation and psoriasis-like symptoms. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm7902. [PMID: 36525488 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of nutrient availability to control epidermal cell proliferation, inflammation, and hyperproliferative diseases remains unknown. Here, we studied extracellular serine and serine/glycine metabolism using human keratinocytes, human skin biopsies, and a mouse model of psoriasis-like disease. We focused on a metabolic enzyme, serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), that converts serine into glycine and tetrahydrofolate-bound one‑carbon units to support cell growth. We found that keratinocytes are both serine and glycine auxotrophs. Metabolomic profiling and hypoxanthine supplementation indicated that SHMT silencing/inhibition reduced cell growth through purine depletion, leading to nucleotide loss. In addition, topical application of an SHMT inhibitor suppressed both keratinocyte proliferation and inflammation in the imiquimod model and resulted in a decrease in psoriasis-associated gene expression. In conclusion, our study highlights SHMT2 activity and serine/glycine availability as an important metabolic hub controlling both keratinocyte proliferation and inflammatory cell expansion in psoriasis and holds promise for additional approaches to treat skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cappello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Mancini
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Madonna
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Rinaldo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A.Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Paone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A.Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Scarponi
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Belardo
- Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lello Zolla
- Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Panatta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A.Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lu Wang
- Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology/School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Jia
- Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology/School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
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14
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Ouyang K, Zheng DX, Agak GW. T-Cell Mediated Immunity in Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246058. [PMID: 36551547 PMCID: PMC9775569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and frequently lethal skin cancer with neuroendocrine characteristics. MCC can originate from either the presence of MCC polyomavirus (MCPyV) DNA or chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure that can cause DNA mutations. MCC is predominant in sun-exposed regions of the body and can metastasize to regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, bone, and brain. Older, light-skinned individuals with a history of significant sun exposure are at the highest risk. Previous studies have shown that tumors containing a high number of tumor-infiltrating T-cells have favorable survival, even in the absence of MCPyV DNA, suggesting that MCPyV infection enhances T-cell infiltration. However, other factors may also play a role in the host antitumor response. Herein, we review the impact of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), mainly the CD4+, CD8+, and regulatory T-cell (Tregs) responses on the course of MCC, including their role in initiating MCPyV-specific immune responses. Furthermore, potential research avenues related to T-cell biology in MCC, as well as relevant immunotherapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Ouyang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - David X. Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - George W. Agak
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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Kazakov OV, Poveshchenko AF, Kabakov AV, Konenkov VI. Correlation of Cytokine Content in the Lymph with the Morphological Parameters of the Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Adjuvant Therapy of Experimental Breast Cancer with the Use of Fragmented Human DNA. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 174:104-108. [PMID: 36437316 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the relationship between the level of cytokines in the lymph of the thoracic duct and the morphometric parameters of the mesenteric lymph nodes after surgical treatment of breast cancer, chemotherapy, and administration of fragmented (double-stranded, dsDNA) human DNA. In comparison with surgical treatment and with chemotherapy alone, administration of a human dsDNA has a stimulating effect on the T-cell link of the immune response. In the paracortical zone, the relationship between the chemokine MCP-1 and increased content of small lymphocytes in this zone was revealed. Interrelations of IL-2 cytokines with small lymphocytes and of IL-4 with medium lymphocytes were revealed in germinal centers. We also observed interrelations of IL-7 with small lymphocytes and IL-4 with macrophages in the medullary cords, chemokine MIP-1α with immature and mature plasma cells (the number of these cells is reduced), and of MCP-1 with immunoblasts (the number of which is also reduced) in the medullary sinuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Kazakov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - A F Poveshchenko
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Kabakov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V I Konenkov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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16
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De Cicco P, Ercolano G, Tenore GC, Ianaro A. Olive leaf extract inhibits metastatic melanoma spread through suppression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4002-4013. [PMID: 36222190 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Olive tree leaves are an abundant source of bioactive compounds with several beneficial effects for human health, including a protective role against many types of cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of an extract, obtained from olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaves (OLE), on proliferation, invasion, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) on metastatic melanoma, the highly aggressive form of skin cancer and the deadliest diseases. Our results demonstrated that OLE inhibited melanoma cells proliferation through cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptotic cell death. Moreover, OLE suppressed the migration, invasion, and colonies formation of human melanoma cells. Similar to our in vitro findings, we demonstrated that the oral administration of OLE inhibited cutaneous tumor growth and lung metastasis formation in vivo by modulating the expression of EMT related factors. In addition, the anti-proliferative and anti-invasive effects of OLE against melanoma were also related to a simultaneous targeting of mitogen-activated protein kinase and PI3K pathways, both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our findings suggest that OLE has the potential to inhibit the metastatic spread of melanoma cells thanks to its multifaceted mechanistic effects, and may represent a new add-on therapy for the management of metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola De Cicco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Ianaro
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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17
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Sprangers B, Leaf DE, Porta C, Soler MJ, Perazella MA. Diagnosis and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:794-805. [PMID: 36168055 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Since their introduction into clinical practice a decade ago, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have had an overwhelming impact on cancer treatment. Use of these agents in oncology continues to grow; however, the increased use of these agents has been associated with a parallel increase in ICI-associated immune-related adverse events, which can affect virtually any organ, including the kidneys. ICI-associated acute kidney injury (ICI-AKI) occurs in 2-5% of patients treated with ICIs. Its occurrence can have important consequences, including the temporary or permanent discontinuation of ICIs or other concomitant anticancer therapies and the need for prolonged treatment with corticosteroids. Various mechanisms have been proposed to underlie the development of ICI-AKI, including loss of tolerance to self-antigens, reactivation of drug-specific effector T cells, and the production of kidney-specific autoantibodies. ICI-AKI most commonly manifests as acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis on kidney biopsy and generally shows a favourable response to early initiation of corticosteroids, with complete or partial remission achieved in most patients. The evaluation of patients with suspected ICI-AKI requires careful diagnostic work-up and kidney biopsy for patients with moderate-to-severe ICI-AKI to ensure accurate diagnosis and inform appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Sprangers
- Division of Nephrology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium. .,Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Infection, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - David E Leaf
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Camillo Porta
- Division of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Corsorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy.,Oncology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Maria José Soler
- Nephrology Research Group, Vall d'hebrón Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark A Perazella
- Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
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18
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Kaneko K, Acharya CR, Nagata H, Yang X, Hartman ZC, Hobeika A, Hughes PF, Haystead TAJ, Morse MA, Lyerly HK, Osada T. Combination of a novel heat shock protein 90-targeted photodynamic therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade induces potent systemic antitumor efficacy and abscopal effect against breast cancers. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004793. [PMID: 36171008 PMCID: PMC9528636 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated potent antitumor activity against human breast cancer xenografts using photodynamic therapy (PDT) targeting a novel tumor-specific photosensitizer (HS201), which binds heat shock protein 90 (HS201-PDT). However, induction of systemic antitumor immunity by HS201-PDT alone or by the combination strategy with immune checkpoint blockade has yet to be determined. METHODS Using unilateral and bilateral implantation models of syngeneic breast tumors (E0771, MM3MG-HER2, and JC-HER3) in mice, we assessed whether HS201-PDT could induce local and systemic antitumor immunity. In an attempt to achieve a stronger abscopal effect for distant tumors, the combination strategy with anti-PD-L1 antibody was tested. Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes were analyzed by single cell RNA-sequencing and receptor-ligand interactome analysis to characterize in more detailed the mechanisms of action of the treatment and key signaling pathways involved. RESULTS HS201-PDT demonstrated greater tumor control and survival in immune competent mice than in immunocompromised mice, suggesting the role of induced antitumor immunity; however, survival was modest and an abscopal effect on distant implanted tumor was weak. A combination of HS201-PDT with anti-PD-L1 antibody demonstrated the greatest antigen-specific immune response, tumor growth suppression, prolonged mouse survival time and abscopal effect. The most significant increase of intratumoral, activated CD8+T cells and decrease of exhausted CD8+T cells occurred following combination treatment compared with HS201-PDT monotherapy. Receptor-ligand interactome analysis showed marked enhancement of several pathways, such as CXCL, GALECTIN, GITRL, PECAM1 and NOTCH, associated with CD8+T cell activation in the combination group. Notably, the expression of the CXCR3 gene signature was the highest in the combination group, possibly explaining the enhanced tumor infiltration by T cells. CONCLUSIONS The increased antitumor activity and upregulated CXCR3 gene signature induced by the combination of anti-PD-L1 antibody with HS201-PDT warrants the clinical testing of HS201-PDT combined with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in patients with breast cancer, and the use of the CXCR3 gene signature as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kaneko
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chaitanya R Acharya
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nagata
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Amy Hobeika
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Philip F Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy A J Haystead
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A Morse
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Herbert Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Takuya Osada
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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19
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Rossi N, Lee KA, Bermudez MV, Visconti A, Thomas AM, Bolte LA, Björk JR, de Ruijter LK, Newton-Bishop J, Harland M, Shaw HM, Harries M, Sacco J, Board R, Lorigan P, de Vries EGE, Segata N, Taams L, Papa S, Spector TD, Nathan P, Weersma RK, Hospers GAP, Fehrmann RSN, Bataille V, Falchi M. Circulating inflammatory proteins associate with response to immune checkpoint inhibition therapy in patients with advanced melanoma. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104235. [PMID: 36007304 PMCID: PMC9421308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation can modulate tumour growth and progression, and influence clinical response to treatment. We investigated the potential of circulating inflammatory proteins for response stratification of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for advanced melanoma. METHODS Study subjects were 87 patients with unresectable stage III or IV cutaneous melanoma from the multiple centres across the United Kingdom (UK) and the Netherlands (NL) who received ipilimumab, nivolumab, or pembrolizumab, or a combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab. Serum samples were collected before and during ICI therapy at follow-up visits scheduled every third week over a 12-week period. We performed targeted quantification of 92 proteins involved in inflammation and tested for association of their pre-treatment and on-treatment levels, as well as longitudinal changes, with overall response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival. FINDINGS We observed consistently higher pre-treatment levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and monocyte chemotactic protein 2 (MCP-2), in non-responders compared to responders (meta-analysis p=3.31 × 10-4, 2.29 × 10-4, and 1.02 × 10-3, respectively). Patients' stratification according to the median value of IL-6, HGF, and MCP-2 highlighted a cumulative negative effect of pre-treatment levels of the three proteins on response (p=1.13 × 10-2), with overall response rate among patients presenting with combined elevated IL-6, HGF, and MCP-2 levels being three-fold lower (26.7%) compared to patients with none of the three proteins elevated (80.0%, p=9.22 × 10-3). Longitudinal data analysis showed that on-treatment changes in circulating inflammatory proteins are not correlated with response. INTERPRETATION Our findings are in line with an increasing body of evidence that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 can influence response to ICI in advanced melanoma, and further support a role of circulating HGF and MCP-2 levels as prognostic biomarkers as suggested by previous smaller studies. Inflammatory proteins may serve as predictive biomarkers of ICI response and valuable targets for combination therapy. FUNDING This work was supported by the Seerave Foundation and Dutch Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Rossi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, UK
| | - Karla A Lee
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, UK
| | - Maria V Bermudez
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, UK
| | - Alessia Visconti
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, UK
| | | | - Laura A Bolte
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes R Björk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Kist de Ruijter
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Newton-Bishop
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Mark Harland
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Heather M Shaw
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - Mark Harries
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Joseph Sacco
- Liverpool Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ruth Board
- Department of Oncology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Paul Lorigan
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Leonie Taams
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, UK
| | - Sophie Papa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, King's College London, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, UK
| | - Paul Nathan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Geke A P Hospers
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf S N Fehrmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK.
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, UK.
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20
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Li Z, Wang J, Chen C, He Q, Xu X, Da Z, Wang B, Wang M, Gao X, Zhang G, Gao Q, Si X, Luo Y, Ma X, Xu B. Intratumoral IL-28B Gene Delivery Elicits Antitumor Effects by Remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment in H22-Bearing Mice. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1-13. [PMID: 35935577 PMCID: PMC9352479 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1345971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-28B, belonging to type III interferons (IFN-λs), exhibits a potent antitumor activity with reduced regulated T cells (Tregs) population, yet the effect of IL-28B on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and if IL-28B can downregulate Tregs directly in vitro are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL-28B on Tregs in the spleen and TME in H22 tumor-bearing mice and verified the downregulation of IL-28B on Tregs in vitro. We found that rAd-mIL-28B significantly inhibited tumor growth and reduced the frequency of splenic CD4+Foxp3+ T cells. The levels of CXCL13, ICAM-1, MCP-5, and IL-7 in the serum, and the levels of IL-15 and sFasL in the tumor tissue decreased significantly after rAd-mIL-28B treatment relative to rAd-EGFP. Furthermore, the percentage of CD8+ cells in the TME was significantly increased in the rAd-mIL-28B group compared with the untreated group. In vitro, splenocytes were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 and IL-2 in the presence of TGF-β with or without IL-28B for three days and followed by flow cytometric, RT-PCR, and IL-10 production analysis. The results showed that IL-28B significantly reduced the proportion of induced Foxp3+ cells. It demonstrated that IL-28B may be used as a promising immunotherapy strategy against cancer.
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21
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Zelin E, Maronese CA, Dri A, Toffoli L, Di Meo N, Nazzaro G, Zalaudek I. Identifying Candidates for Immunotherapy among Patients with Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Review of the Potential Predictors of Response. J Clin Med 2022; 11:3364. [PMID: 35743435 PMCID: PMC9225110 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) stands as an umbrella term for common cutaneous malignancies, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), together with rarer cutaneous cancers, such as Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and other forms of adnexal cancers. The majority of NMSCs can be successfully treated with surgery or radiotherapy, but advanced and metastatic stages may require systemic approaches such as immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). SUMMARY Since immunotherapy is not effective in all patients and can potentially lead to severe adverse effects, an important clinical question is how to properly identify those who could be suitable candidates for this therapeutic choice. In this paper, we review the potential features and biomarkers used to predict the outcome of ICIs therapy for NMSCs. Moreover, we analyze the role of immunotherapy in special populations, such as the elderly, immunocompromised patients, organ transplant recipients, and subjects suffering from autoimmune conditions. KEY MESSAGES Many clinical, serum, histopathological, and genetic features have been investigated as potential predictors of response in NMSCs treated with ICIs. Although this field of research is very promising, definitive, cost-effective, and reproducible biomarkers are still lacking and further efforts are needed to validate the suggested predictors in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Zelin
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy; (E.Z.); (L.T.); (N.D.M.); (I.Z.)
| | - Carlo Alberto Maronese
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Dri
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Ludovica Toffoli
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy; (E.Z.); (L.T.); (N.D.M.); (I.Z.)
| | - Nicola Di Meo
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy; (E.Z.); (L.T.); (N.D.M.); (I.Z.)
| | - Gianluca Nazzaro
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Iris Zalaudek
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy; (E.Z.); (L.T.); (N.D.M.); (I.Z.)
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22
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Carril-Ajuria L, Desnoyer A, Meylan M, Dalban C, Naigeon M, Cassard L, Vano Y, Rioux-Leclercq N, Chouaib S, Beuselinck B, Chabaud S, Barros-Monteiro J, Bougoüin A, Lacroix G, Colina-Moreno I, Tantot F, Boselli L, De Oliveira C, Fridman WH, Escudier B, Sautes-Fridman C, Albiges L, Chaput-Gras N. Baseline circulating unswitched memory B cells and B-cell related soluble factors are associated with overall survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab within the NIVOREN GETUG-AFU 26 study. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004885. [PMID: 35640928 PMCID: PMC9157347 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phase II NIVOREN GETUG-AFU 26 study reported safety and efficacy of nivolumab in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (m-ccRCC) in a 'real-world setting'. We conducted a translational-research program to determine whether specific circulating immune-cell populations and/or soluble factors at baseline were predictive of clinical outcomes in patients with m-ccRCC treated with nivolumab within the NIVOREN study. METHODS Absolute numbers of 106 circulating immune-cell populations were prospectively analyzed in patients treated at a single institution within the NIVOREN trial with available fresh-whole-blood, using dry formulation panels for multicolor flow cytometry. In addition, a panel of 14 predefined soluble factors was quantified for each baseline plasma sample using the Meso-Scale-Discovery immunoassay. The remaining patients with available plasma sample were used as a validation cohort for the soluble factor quantification analysis. Tumor immune microenvironment characterization of all patients included in the translational program of the study was available. The association of blood and tissue-based biomarkers, with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and response was analyzed. RESULTS Among the 44 patients, baseline unswitched memory B cells (NSwM B cells) were enriched in responders (p=0.006) and associated with improved OS (HR=0.08, p=0.002) and PFS (HR=0.54, p=0.048). Responders were enriched in circulating T follicular helper (Tfh) (p=0.027) and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) (p=0.043). Circulating NSwM B cells positively correlated with Tfh (r=0.70, p<0.001). Circulating NSwM B cells correlated positively with TLS and CD20 +B cells at the tumor center (r=0.59, p=0.044, and r=0.52, p=0.033) and inversely correlated with BCA-1/CXCL13 and BAFF (r=-0.55 and r=-0.42, p<0.001). Tfh cells also inversely correlated with BCA-1/CXCL13 (r=-0.61, p<0.001). IL-6, BCA-1/CXCL13 and BAFF significantly associated with worse OS in the discovery (n=40) and validation cohorts (n=313). CONCLUSION We report the first fresh blood immune-monitoring of patients with m-ccRCC treated with nivolumab. Baseline blood concentration of NSwM B cells was associated to response, PFS and OS in patients with m-ccRCC treated with nivolumab. BCA-1/CXCL13 and BAFF, inversely correlated to NSwM B cells, were both associated with worse OS in discovery and validation cohorts. Our data confirms a role for B cell subsets in the response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy in patients with m-ccRCC. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Carril-Ajuria
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Laboratory for Immunomonitoring in Oncology, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Aude Desnoyer
- Laboratory for Immunomonitoring in Oncology, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabray, France
| | - Maxime Meylan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm UMR S1138, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Dalban
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre Leon Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Naigeon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabray, France.,Laboratoire d'immunomonitoring En Oncologie, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France
| | - Lydie Cassard
- Laboratory for Immunomonitoring in Oncology, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yann Vano
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm UMR S1138, Paris, France.,Service d'Oncologie Medicale, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Rioux-Leclercq
- Service Anatomie Etcytologie Pathologiques, CHU, Université de Rennes, Universite de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Department of Immunology, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Sylvie Chabaud
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre Leon Bernard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Antoine Bougoüin
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm UMR S1138, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Boselli
- Laboratory for Immunomonitoring in Oncology, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline De Oliveira
- Laboratory for Immunomonitoring in Oncology, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Bernard Escudier
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Laurence Albiges
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France
| | - Nathalie Chaput-Gras
- Laboratory for Immunomonitoring in Oncology, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France .,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabray, France
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23
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Carbone ML, Madonna G, Capone A, Bove M, Mastroeni S, Levati L, Capone M, Ascierto PA, De Galitiis F, D'Atri S, Fortes C, Volpe E, Failla CM. Vitiligo-specific soluble biomarkers as early indicators of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic melanoma patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5448. [PMID: 35361879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) strongly improved the outcome of metastatic melanoma patients. However, not all the patients respond to treatment and identification of prognostic biomarkers able to select responding patients is currently of outmost importance. Considering that development of vitiligo-like depigmentation in melanoma patients represents both an adverse event of CPIs and a favorable prognostic factor, we analyzed soluble biomarkers of vitiligo to validate them as early indicators of response to CPIs. Fifty-seven metastatic melanoma patients receiving CPIs were enrolled and divided according to the best overall response to treatment. Patient sera were evaluated at pre-treatment and after 1 and 3 months of therapy. We found that basal CD25 serum levels were higher in stable and responding patients and remained higher during the first 3 months of CPI therapy compared to non-responders. CXCL9 was absent in non-responding patients before therapy beginning. Moreover, an increase of CXCL9 levels was observed at 1 and 3 months of therapy for all patients, although higher CXCL9 amounts were present in stable and responding compared to non-responding patients. Variations in circulating immune cell subsets was also analyzed, revealing a reduced number of regulatory T lymphocytes in responding patients. Altogether, our data indicate that a pre-existing and maintained activation of the immune system could be an indication of response to CPI treatment in melanoma patients.
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24
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Healey Bird B, Nally K, Ronan K, Clarke G, Amu S, Almeida AS, Flavin R, Finn S. Cancer Immunotherapy with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Biomarkers of Response and Toxicity; Current Limitations and Future Promise. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:124. [PMID: 35054292 PMCID: PMC8775044 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies that are used to treat over one in three cancer patients. While they have changed the natural history of disease, prolonging life and preserving quality of life, they are highly active in less than 40% of patients, even in the most responsive malignancies such as melanoma, and cause significant autoimmune side effects. Licenced biomarkers include tumour Programmed Death Ligand 1 expression by immunohistochemistry, microsatellite instability, and tumour mutational burden, none of which are particularly sensitive or specific. Emerging tumour and immune tissue biomarkers such as novel immunohistochemistry scores, tumour, stromal and immune cell gene expression profiling, and liquid biomarkers such as systemic inflammatory markers, kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, circulating immune cells, cytokines and DNA are discussed in this review. We also examine the influence of the faecal microbiome on treatment outcome and its use as a biomarker of response and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Healey Bird
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Bon Secours Hospital, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken Nally
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (G.C.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Karine Ronan
- Department of Oncology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, D04 T6F4 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (G.C.); (A.S.A.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Sylvie Amu
- Cancer Research at UCC, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
| | - Ana S. Almeida
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (G.C.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Richard Flavin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland; (R.F.); (S.F.)
- St. James’s Hospital Dublin, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland; (R.F.); (S.F.)
- St. James’s Hospital Dublin, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
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25
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Tang L, Wang J, Lin N, Zhou Y, He W, Liu J, Ma X. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Colitis: From Mechanism to Management. Front Immunol 2021; 12:800879. [PMID: 34992611 PMCID: PMC8724248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.800879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as one of the innovative types of immunotherapies, including programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, have obtained unprecedented benefit in multiple malignancies. However, the immune response activation in the body organs could arise immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Checkpoint inhibitor colitis (CIC) is the most widely reported irAEs. However, some obscure problems, such as the mechanism concerning gut microbiota, the confusing differential diagnosis with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the optimal steroid schedule, the reintroduction of ICIs, and the controversial prognosis features, influence the deep understanding and precise diagnosis and management of CIC. Herein, we based on these problems and comprehensively summarized the relevant studies of CIC in patients with NSCLC, further discussing the future research direction of this specific pattern of irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansha Tang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialing Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuwen Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenbo He
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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26
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Sun SH, Benner B, Savardekar H, Lapurga G, Good L, Abood D, Nagle E, Duggan M, Stiff A, DiVincenzo MJ, Suarez-Kelly LP, Campbell A, Yu L, Wesolowski R, Howard H, Shah H, Kendra K, Carson WE. Effect of Immune Checkpoint Blockade on Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Populations in Patients With Melanoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740890. [PMID: 34712230 PMCID: PMC8547308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a subset of immature myeloid cells that inhibit anti-tumor immunity and contribute to immune therapy resistance. MDSC populations were measured in melanoma patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Methods Patients with melanoma (n=128) provided blood samples at baseline (BL), and before cycles 2 and 3 (BC2, BC3). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed for MDSC (CD33+/CD11b+/HLA- DRlo/-) and MDSC subsets, monocytic (CD14+, M-MDSC), granulocytic (CD15+, PMN-MDSC), and early (CD14-/CD15-, E-MDSC) via flow cytometry. Statistical analysis employed unpaired and paired t-tests across and within patient cohorts. Results Levels of MDSC as a percentage of PBMC increased during ICI (BL: 9.2 ± 1.0% to BC3: 23.6 ± 1.9%, p<0.0001), and patients who developed progressive disease (PD) had higher baseline MDSC. In patients who had a complete or partial response (CR, PR), total MDSC levels rose dramatically and plateaued (BL: 6.4 ± 1.4%, BC2: 26.2 ± 4.2%, BC3: 27.5 ± 4.4%; p<0.0001), whereas MDSC rose less sharply in PD patients (BL: 11.7 ± 2.1%, BC2: 18.3 ± 3.1%, BC3: 19.0 ± 3.2%; p=0.1952). Subset analysis showed that within the expanding MDSC population, PMN-MDSC and E-MDSC levels decreased, while the proportion of M-MDSC remained constant during ICI. In PD patients, the proportion of PMN-MDSC (as a percentage of total MDSC) decreased (BL: 25.1 ± 4.7%, BC2: 16.1 ± 5.2%, BC3: 8.6 ± 1.8%; p=0.0105), whereas a heretofore under-characterized CD14+/CD15+ double positive MDSC subpopulation increased significantly (BL: 8.7 ± 1.4% to BC3: 26.9 ± 4.9%; p=0.0425). Conclusions MDSC levels initially increased significantly in responders. PMN-MDSC decreased and CD14+CD15+ MDSC increased significantly in PD patients. Changes in MDSC levels may have prognostic value in ICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Sun
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brooke Benner
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Himanshu Savardekar
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gabriella Lapurga
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Logan Good
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - David Abood
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Erin Nagle
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Megan Duggan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Andrew Stiff
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mallory J DiVincenzo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Amanda Campbell
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Robert Wesolowski
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Harrison Howard
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hiral Shah
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kari Kendra
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - William E Carson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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27
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Saadati F, Moritz J, Berner J, Freund E, Miebach L, Helfrich I, Stoffels I, Emmert S, Bekeschus S. Patient-Derived Human Basal and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tissues Display Apoptosis and Immunomodulation following Gas Plasma Exposure with a Certified Argon Jet. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11446. [PMID: 34768877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been subject of increasing interest in the pathophysiology and therapy of cancers in recent years. In skin cancer, ROS are involved in UV-induced tumorigenesis and its targeted treatment via, e.g., photodynamic therapy. Another recent technology for topical ROS generation is cold physical plasma, a partially ionized gas expelling dozens of reactive species onto its treatment target. Gas plasma technology is accredited for its wound-healing abilities in Europe, and current clinical evidence suggests that it may have beneficial effects against actinic keratosis. Since the concept of hormesis dictates that low ROS levels perform signaling functions, while high ROS levels cause damage, we investigated herein the antitumor activity of gas plasma in non-melanoma skin cancer. In vitro, gas plasma exposure diminished the metabolic activity, preferentially in squamous cell carcinoma cell (SCC) lines compared to non-malignant HaCaT cells. In patient-derived basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and SCC samples treated with gas plasma ex vivo, increased apoptosis was found in both cancer types. Moreover, the immunomodulatory actions of gas plasma treatment were found affecting, e.g., the expression of CD86 and the number of regulatory T-cells. The supernatants of these ex vivo cultured tumors were quantitatively screened for cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, identifying CCL5 and GM-CSF, molecules associated with skin cancer metastasis, to be markedly decreased. These findings suggest gas plasma treatment to be an interesting future technology for non-melanoma skin cancer topical therapy.
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García-Sancha N, Corchado-Cobos R, Bellido-Hernández L, Román-Curto C, Cardeñoso-Álvarez E, Pérez-Losada J, Orfao A, Cañueto J. Overcoming Resistance to Immunotherapy in Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5134. [PMID: 34680282 PMCID: PMC8533861 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most frequent cancer in humans, and is now responsible for as many deaths as melanoma. Immunotherapy has changed the therapeutic landscape of advanced CSCC after the FDA approval of anti-PD1 molecules for the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic CSCC. However, roughly 50% of patients will not respond to this systemic treatment and even those who do respond can develop resistance over time. The etiologies of primary and secondary resistance to immunotherapy involve changes in the neoplastic cells and the tumor microenvironment. Indirect modulation of immune system activation with new therapies, such as vaccines, oncolytic viruses, and new immunotherapeutic agents, and direct modulation of tumor immunogenicity using other systemic treatments or radiotherapy are now under evaluation in combined regimens. The identification of predictors of response is an important area of research. In this review, we focus on the features associated with the response to immunotherapy, and the evaluation of combination treatments and new molecules, a more thorough knowledge of which is likely to improve the survival of patients with advanced CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia García-Sancha
- IBMCC-CSIC, Laboratory 7, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (N.G.-S.); (R.C.-C.); (J.P.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.B.-H.); (C.R.-C.); (A.O.)
| | - Roberto Corchado-Cobos
- IBMCC-CSIC, Laboratory 7, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (N.G.-S.); (R.C.-C.); (J.P.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.B.-H.); (C.R.-C.); (A.O.)
| | - Lorena Bellido-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.B.-H.); (C.R.-C.); (A.O.)
- Departament of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Concepción Román-Curto
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.B.-H.); (C.R.-C.); (A.O.)
- Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Esther Cardeñoso-Álvarez
- Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Jesús Pérez-Losada
- IBMCC-CSIC, Laboratory 7, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (N.G.-S.); (R.C.-C.); (J.P.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.B.-H.); (C.R.-C.); (A.O.)
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.B.-H.); (C.R.-C.); (A.O.)
- IBMCC-CSIC, Laboratory 11, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) (CB16/12/00400, CB16/12/00233, CB16/12/00369, CB16/12/00489 and CB16/12/00480), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Cañueto
- IBMCC-CSIC, Laboratory 7, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (N.G.-S.); (R.C.-C.); (J.P.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.B.-H.); (C.R.-C.); (A.O.)
- Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
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Keenan TE, Guerriero JL, Barroso-Sousa R, Li T, O'Meara T, Giobbie-Hurder A, Tayob N, Hu J, Severgnini M, Agudo J, Vaz-Luis I, Anderson L, Attaya V, Park J, Conway J, He MX, Reardon B, Shannon E, Wulf G, Spring LM, Jeselsohn R, Krop I, Lin NU, Partridge A, Winer EP, Mittendorf EA, Liu D, Van Allen EM, Tolaney SM. Molecular correlates of response to eribulin and pembrolizumab in hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5563. [PMID: 34548479 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have minimal therapeutic effect in hormone receptor-positive (HR+ ) breast cancer. We present final overall survival (OS) results (n = 88) from a randomized phase 2 trial of eribulin ± pembrolizumab for patients with metastatic HR+ breast cancer, computationally dissect genomic and/or transcriptomic data from pre-treatment tumors (n = 52) for molecular associations with efficacy, and identify cytokine changes differentiating response and ICI-related toxicity (n = 58). Despite no improvement in OS with combination therapy (hazard ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.59-1.55, p = 0.84), immune infiltration and antigen presentation distinguished responding tumors, while tumor heterogeneity and estrogen signaling independently associated with resistance. Moreover, patients with ICI-related toxicity had lower levels of immunoregulatory cytokines. Broadly, we establish a framework for ICI response in HR+ breast cancer that warrants diagnostic and therapeutic validation. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration: NCT03051659.
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Abstract
Despite the ability of immune-based interventions to dramatically increase the survival of patients with melanoma, a significant subset fail to benefit from this treatment, underscoring the need for accurate means to identify the patient population likely to respond to immunotherapy. Understanding how melanoma evades natural or manipulated immune responses could provide the information needed to identify such resistant individuals. Efforts to address this challenge are hampered by the vast immune diversity characterizing tumor microenvironments that remain largely understudied. It is thus important to more clearly elucidate the complex interactions that take place between the tumor microenvironment and host immune system.
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Moujaess E, Merhy R, Kattan J, Sarkis AS, Tomb R. Immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced or metastatic basal cell carcinoma: how much evidence do we need? Immunotherapy 2021; 13:1293-1304. [PMID: 34463126 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most frequent and most curable tumors at its early stages. BCC rarely metastasizes and its treatment in this setting is still challenging. Hedgehog inhibitors showed an activity in advanced or metastatic disease. However, there is an unmet need for new agents. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been assessed in melanoma and other cutaneous tumors, and very recently an anti-PD1 was approved for advanced BCC. In this paper, available data are reviewed on experimental and preclinical studies evaluating immunotherapy in BCC, as well as on the clinical evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced or metastatic BCC based on case reports, case series and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissar Moujaess
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, 1100, Lebanon
| | - Reine Merhy
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, 1100, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Kattan
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, 1100, Lebanon
| | - Anne-Sophie Sarkis
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, 1100, Lebanon
| | - Roland Tomb
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, 1100, Lebanon
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Chen LM, Chai JC, Liu B, Strutt TM, McKinstry KK, Chai KX. Prostasin regulates PD-L1 expression in human lung cancer cells. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20211370. [PMID: 34240739 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20211370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine protease prostasin is a negative regulator of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and has a role in the regulation of cellular immunity. Prostasin expression in cancer cells inhibits migration and metastasis, and reduces epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a negative regulator of the immune response and its expression in cancer cells interferes with immune surveillance. The aim of the present study was to investigate if prostasin regulates PD-L1 expression. We established sublines overexpressing various forms of prostasin as well as a subline deficient for the prostasin gene from the Calu-3 human lung cancer cells. We report here that PD-L1 expression induced by interferon-γ (IFNγ) is further enhanced in cells overexpressing the wildtype membrane-anchored prostasin. The PD-L1 protein was localized on the cell surface and released into the culture medium in extracellular vesicles (EVs) with the protease-active prostasin. The epidermal growth factor-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-EGFR), protein kinase C (PKC), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) participated in the prostasin-mediated up-regulation of PD-L1 expression. A Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of patient lung tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database revealed that prostasin and PD-L1 regulate common signaling pathways during tumorigenesis and tumor progression.
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Gowhari Shabgah A, Amir A, Gardanova ZR, Olegovna Zekiy A, Thangavelu L, Ebrahimi Nik M, Ahmadi M, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J. Interleukin-25: New perspective and state-of-the-art in cancer prognosis and treatment approaches. Cancer Med 2021; 10:5191-5202. [PMID: 34128588 PMCID: PMC8335817 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death which imposes a substantial financial burden. Among the several mechanisms involved in cancer progression, imbalance of immune cell‐derived factors such as cytokines and chemokines plays a central role. IL‐25, as a member of the IL‐17 cytokine subfamily, exerts a paradoxical role in cancer, including tumor supportive and tumor suppressive. Hence, we have tried to clarify the role of IL‐25 and its receptor in tumor progression and cancer prognosis. It has been confirmed that IL‐25 exerts a tumor‐suppressive role through inducing infiltration of eosinophils and B cells into the tumor microenvironment and activating the apoptotic pathways. In contrast, the tumor‐supportive function has been implemented by activating inflammatory cascades, promoting cell cycle, and inducing type‐2 immune responses. Since IL‐25 has been dysregulated in tumor tissues and this dysregulation is involved in cancer development, its examination can be used as a tumor diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Moreover, IL‐25‐based therapeutic approaches have shown promising results in cancer inhibition. In cancers in which IL‐25 has a tumor‐suppressive function, employing IL‐25‐enhancing approaches, such as Virulizin® and dihydrobenzofuran administration, has potentially inhibited tumor cell growth. On the other hand, in the case of IL‐25‐dependent tumor progression, using IL‐25 blocking methods, including anti‐IL‐25 antibodies, might be a complementary approach to the other anticancer agent. Collectively, it is hoped, IL‐25 might be a promising target in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Gowhari Shabgah
- School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Azwar Amir
- Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar, Makassar, Tamalanrea, Indonesia
| | - Zhanna R Gardanova
- Department of Psychotherapy, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Angelina Olegovna Zekiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Maryam Ebrahimi Nik
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Youssry S, Hussein A, Moaaz M. The immunoregulatory axis (programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1) on CD4+ T cells in lupus nephritis: association with vitamin D and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 12. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 65:392-399. [PMID: 34081342 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Multiple immunomodulatory mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of LN. A deep understanding of the immunopathogenesis of LN is essential to identify optimal molecular targets, as most immunotherapeutic algorithms are still based on unselective drugs. The study aimed to elucidate the possible association of vitamin D deficiency with the programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) axis and inflammatory response in patients with LN, as well as the relationship between the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 12 (CXCL12). Flow cytometry was used to determine the frequencies of CD279 (PD-1) and CD274 (PD-L1) in the peripheral CD3+CD4+ cell population of persons with LN. Furthermore, ELISA was used to detect serum CXCL12 and vitamin D concentrations. A distinct decrease of PD-1 and a significant increase of PD-L1 was demonstrated in patients with LN compared with either SLE patients with no LN or healthy controls. The PD-1/PD-L1 axis was negatively correlated with different disease parameters. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were more prevalent in patients with LN than in controls, being significantly associated with disease activity and inversely associated with the PD-1/PD-L1 expression. Moreover, CXCL12 was negatively correlated with the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and vitamin D concentration. The findings suggest an involvement of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in lupus nephritis, which might serve as a potential highly selective therapeutic target that is more effective but less toxic. In addition, restoring adequate vitamin D levels in lupus nephritis could be a possible simple measure to control inflammatory immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Youssry
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amina Hussein
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mai Moaaz
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Brancatella A, Lupi I, Montanelli L, Ricci D, Viola N, Sgrò D, Antonangeli L, Sardella C, Brogioni S, Piaggi P, Molinaro E, Bianchi F, Aragona M, Antonuzzo A, Sbrana A, Lucchesi M, Chella A, Falcone A, Del Prato S, Elisei R, Marcocci C, Caturegli P, Santini F, Latrofa F. Management of Thyrotoxicosis Induced by PD1 or PD-L1 Blockade. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab093. [PMID: 34337277 PMCID: PMC8317632 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Thyrotoxicosis is a common immune-related adverse event in patients treated with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD1) or programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1) blockade. A detailed endocrinological assessment, including thyroid ultrasound and scintigraphy, is lacking, as are data on response to treatment and follow-up. Objective The aim of this study was to better characterize the thyrotoxicosis secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitors, gaining insights into pathogenesis and treatment. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 20 consecutive patients who had normal thyroid function before starting immunotherapy and then experienced thyrotoxicosis on PD1 or PD-L1 blockade. Clinical assessment was combined with thyroid ultrasound, 99mtechnecium scintiscan, and longitudinal thyroid function tests. Results Five patients had normal or increased scintigraphic uptake (Sci+), no serum antibodies against the thyrotropin receptor, and remained hyperthyroid throughout follow-up. The other 15 patients had no scintigraphic uptake (Sci–) and experienced destructive thyrotoxicosis followed by hypothyroidism (N = 9) or euthyroidism (N = 6). Hypothyroidism was more readily seen in those with normal thyroid volume than in those with goiter (P = .04). Among Sci– individuals, a larger thyroid volume was associated with a longer time to remission (P < .05). Methimazole (MMI) was effective only in Sci+ individuals (P < .05). Conclusion Administration of PD1- or PD-L1–blocking antibodies may induce 2 different forms of thyrotoxicosis that appear similar in clinical severity at onset: a type 1 characterized by persistent hyperthyroidism that requires treatment with MMI, and a type 2, characterized by destructive and transient thyrotoxicosis that evolves to hypothyroidism or euthyroidism. Thyroid scintigraphy and ultrasound help in differentiating and managing these 2 forms of iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabella Lupi
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Lucia Montanelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Debora Ricci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Nicola Viola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Daniele Sgrò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Lucia Antonangeli
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Chiara Sardella
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Sandra Brogioni
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Eleonora Molinaro
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Unuversitaria Pisana, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Michele Aragona
- Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Andrea Antonuzzo
- Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Andrea Sbrana
- Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana and Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Maurizio Lucchesi
- Pneumology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Antonio Chella
- Pneumology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Univeritaria Pisana and Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine abd Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Rossella Elisei
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Claudio Marcocci
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Patrizio Caturegli
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Francesco Latrofa
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
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Lim JU, Kang HS. A narrative review of current and potential prognostic biomarkers for immunotherapy in small-cell lung cancer. Ann Transl Med 2021; 9:809. [PMID: 34268422 PMCID: PMC8246157 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly invasive and rapidly proliferating pathologic subtype that accounts for 13-15% of all lung cancer cases. Recently in extensive-stage SCLC, treatments that combine immunotherapy and chemotherapy showed increased efficacy compared to chemotherapy alone in several trials. However, the combination of immunotherapy and conventional chemotherapy regimens was introduced only recently for extensive-stage SCLC, with relatively little real-world data. The demand for reliable biomarkers that can predict the efficacy of immunotherapy in SCLC is high. Several studies evaluated various parameters including programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression, tumor mutation burden (TMB), gene expression profiling, autoantibody, and blood cytokines for predictive value for response to immunotherapy in SCLC. Despite some observed correlations, there is a lack of concrete support for the use of PD-L1 expression levels for readily available biomarker. High TMB in combination with smoking history is predictive of a better response to immunotherapy, but validation of cutoffs and testing methods is necessary before it can be widely applied in clinical settings. Other candidate biomarkers such as immune cell distribution among tumor microenvironment, and systemic inflammatory markers can also be evaluated, after an accumulation of real-life data from SCLC patients under immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Uk Lim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seon Kang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zeng Z, Veitch M, Kelly GA, Tuong ZK, Cruz JG, Frazer IH, Wells JW. IFN-γ Critically Enables the Intratumoural Infiltration of CXCR3 + CD8 + T Cells to Drive Squamous Cell Carcinoma Regression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2131. [PMID: 33925140 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is prevalent in aged individuals and individuals with compromised or weakened immune systems, indicating a close association between immune function and SCC control. The aim of our study was to uncover the identity of key immune subsets that mediate SCC control, and to elucidate the mechanistic role of the proinflammatory cytokine Interferon-gamma in this process. We established a SCC regressor model, which we used to determine that: (1) CD8+ T cells, not CD4+ T cells or NK cells, are essential for SCC regression; (2) the neutralisation of Interferon-gamma prevents CD8+ T cell infiltration and SCC regression; (3) CD8+ T cell migration into SCC critically depends upon Interferon-gamma-induced chemokine expression. Thus, our model can be used to understand the key immune mechanisms involved in SCC regression, which will support targeted investigations into the integrity of these mechanisms in patients with progressive disease. Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced tumours carry a high mutational load, are highly immunogenic, and often fail to grow when transplanted into normal, syngeneic mice. The aim of this study was to investigate factors critical for the immune-mediated rejection of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In our rejection model, transplanted SCC establish and grow in mice immunosuppressed with tacrolimus. When tacrolimus is withdrawn, established SCC tumours subsequently undergo immune-mediated tumour rejection. Through the depletion of individual immune subsets at the time of tacrolimus withdrawal, we established a critical role for CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells, γδ T cells, or NK cells, in driving the regression of SCC. Regression was critically dependent on IFN-γ, although IFN-γ was not directly cytotoxic to SCC cells. IFN-γ-neutralisation abrogated SCC regression, significantly reduced CD8+ T cell-infiltration into SCC, and significantly impaired the secretion of CXCL9, CXCL10 and CCL5 within the tumour microenvironment. A strong positive correlation was revealed between CXCL10 expression and CD8+ T cell abundance in tumours. Indeed, blockade of the CXCL10 receptor CXCR3 at the time of tacrolimus withdrawal prevented CD8+ T cell infiltration and the regression of SCC. Chimeric models revealed an important role for immune cells as producers of IFN-γ, but not as recipients of IFN-γ signals via the IFN-γ receptor. Together, these findings suggest a key role for IFN-γ in driving the expression of chemokines within the tumour environment essential for the destruction of established SCC by CD8+ T cells.
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Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective in the treatment of patients with advanced cancer and have emerged as a pillar of standard cancer care. However, their use is complicated by adverse effects known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including ICI-induced inflammatory arthritis. ICI-induced inflammatory arthritis is distinguished from other irAEs by its persistence and requirement for long-term treatment. TNF inhibitors are commonly used to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies and inflammatory bowel disease, and have also been adopted as second-line agents to treat irAEs refractory to glucocorticoid treatment. Experiencing an irAE is associated with a better antitumour response after ICI treatment. However, whether TNF inhibition can be safely used to treat irAEs without promoting cancer progression, either by compromising ICI therapy efficacy or via another route, remains an open question. In this Review, we discuss clinical and preclinical studies that address the relationship between TNF, TNF inhibition and cancer. The bulk of the evidence suggests that at least short courses of TNF inhibitors are safe for the treatment of irAEs in patients with cancer undergoing ICI therapy. Data from preclinical studies hint that TNF inhibition might augment the antitumour effect of ICI therapy while simultaneously ameliorating irAEs.
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Ghahartars M, Abtahi S, Zeinali Z, Fattahi MJ, Ghaderi A. Investigation of TNF-α and IL-6 Levels in the Sera of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Patients. Iran Biomed J 2021; 25:88-92. [PMID: 33461943 PMCID: PMC7921522 DOI: 10.29252/ibj.25.2.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background TNF-α and IL-6 are both pleiotropic cytokines playing major roles in cancer-associated cytokine networks. They have previously been investigated for their function in skin malignancies, mostly melanomas, and studies on non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) patients are relatively rara. In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations of serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α with NMSCs and its clinicopathological features. Methods This cases-control study was carried out to assess the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in 70 NMSC patients, in comparison with 30 healthy individuals, by means of flow cytometric bead-based immuneoassay. Results Serum levels of both TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly higher in NMSC patients (6.470 vs. 4.355 pg/ml; p = 0.0468, respectively), compared to healthy individuals (3.205 vs. 0.000 pg/ml; p = 0.0126, respectively). In the subgroup analysis, squamous cell carcinomas patients had higher serum levels of IL-6 compared to healthy individuals (3.445 vs. 0.000 pg/ml; p = 0.0432). No other significant differences were observed in the serum levels of these two cytokines among different clinicopathological subgroups of the patients. Conclusion The increased levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in NMSC patients can be introduced as an epiphenomenon of a complex cancer-induced cytokine cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghahartars
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Abtahi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Zeinali
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Fattahi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Telli ML, Nagata H, Wapnir I, Acharya CR, Zablotsky K, Fox BA, Bifulco CB, Jensen SM, Ballesteros-Merino C, Le MH, Pierce RH, Browning E, Hermiz R, Svenson L, Bannavong D, Jaffe K, Sell J, Foerter KM, Canton DA, Twitty CG, Osada T, Lyerly HK, Crosby EJ. Intratumoral Plasmid IL12 Expands CD8 + T Cells and Induces a CXCR3 Gene Signature in Triple-negative Breast Tumors that Sensitizes Patients to Anti-PD-1 Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:2481-2493. [PMID: 33593880 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with limited therapeutic options. Antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) have entered the therapeutic landscape in TNBC, but only a minority of patients benefit. A way to reliably enhance immunogenicity, T-cell infiltration, and predict responsiveness is critically needed. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using mouse models of TNBC, we evaluate immune activation and tumor targeting of intratumoral IL12 plasmid followed by electroporation (tavokinogene telseplasmid; Tavo). We further present a single-arm, prospective clinical trial of Tavo monotherapy in patients with treatment refractory, advanced TNBC (OMS-I140). Finally, we expand these findings using publicly available breast cancer and melanoma datasets. RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing of murine tumors identified a CXCR3 gene signature (CXCR3-GS) following Tavo treatment associated with enhanced antigen presentation, T-cell infiltration and expansion, and PD-1/PD-L1 expression. Assessment of pretreatment and posttreatment tissue from patients confirms enrichment of this CXCR3-GS in tumors from patients that exhibited an enhancement of CD8+ T-cell infiltration following treatment. One patient, previously unresponsive to anti-PD-L1 therapy, but who exhibited an increased CXCR3-GS after Tavo treatment, went on to receive additional anti-PD-1 therapy as their immediate next treatment after OMS-I140, and demonstrated a significant clinical response. CONCLUSIONS These data show a safe, effective intratumoral therapy that can enhance antigen presentation and recruit CD8 T cells, which are required for the antitumor efficacy. We identify a Tavo treatment-related gene signature associated with improved outcomes and conversion of nonresponsive tumors, potentially even beyond TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda L Telli
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - Hiroshi Nagata
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Irene Wapnir
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Kaitlin Zablotsky
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Carlo B Bifulco
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shawn M Jensen
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Mai Hope Le
- OncoSec Medical Incorporated, San Diego, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kim Jaffe
- OncoSec Medical Incorporated, San Diego, California
| | - Jendy Sell
- OncoSec Medical Incorporated, San Diego, California
| | | | | | | | - Takuya Osada
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - H Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Erika J Crosby
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuko Tajiri
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
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42
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Tyan K, Baginska J, Brainard M, Giobbie-hurder A, Severgnini M, Manos M, Haq R, Buchbinder EI, Ott PA, Hodi FS, Rahma OE. Cytokine changes during immune-related adverse events and corticosteroid treatment in melanoma patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2209-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02855-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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43
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Hu-Lieskovan S, Malouf GG, Jacobs I, Chou J, Liu L, Johnson ML. Addressing resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: an urgent unmet need. Future Oncol 2021; 17:1401-1439. [PMID: 33475012 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of various cancers by reversing the immunosuppressive mechanisms employed by tumors to restore anticancer immunity. Although ICIs have demonstrated substantial clinical efficacy, patient response can vary in depth and duration, and many do not respond at all or eventually develop resistance. ICI resistance mechanisms can be tumor-intrinsic, related to the tumor microenvironment or patient-specific factors. Multiple resistance mechanisms may be present within one tumor subtype, or heterogeneity exists among patients with the same tumor type. Consequently, designing effective combination treatment strategies is challenging. This review will discuss ICI resistance mechanisms, and summarize findings from key preclinical and clinical trials of ICIs, to identify potential treatment strategies or pathways to overcome ICI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Hu-Lieskovan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute / University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Gabriel G Malouf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg & Department of Functional Genomics & Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, Illkirch Cedex, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Li Liu
- Pfizer Inc, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Melissa L Johnson
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, PLLC, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
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Bacot SM, Harper TA, Matthews RL, Fennell CJ, Akue A, KuKuruga MA, Lee S, Wang T, Feldman GM. Exploring the Potential Use of a PBMC-Based Functional Assay to Identify Predictive Biomarkers for Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9023. [PMID: 33261003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The absence of reliable, robust, and non-invasive biomarkers for anti- Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy is an urgent unmet medical need for the treatment of cancer patients. No predictive biomarkers have been established based on the direct assessment of T cell functions, the primary mechanism of action of anti-PD-1 therapy. In this study, we established a model system to test T cell functions modulated by Nivolumab using anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and characterized T cell functions primarily based on the knowledge gained from retrospective observations of patients treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. During a comprehensive cytokine profile assessment to identify potential biomarkers, we found that Nivolumab increases expression of T helper type 1 (Th1) associated cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in a subset of donors. Furthermore, Nivolumab increases production of Th2, Th9, and Th17 associated cytokines, as well as many proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 in a subset of donors. Conversely, Nivolumab treatment has no impact on T cell proliferation, expression of CD25, CD69, or Granzyme B, and only modestly increases in the expansion of regulatory T cells. Our results suggest that assessment of cytokine production using a simple PBMC-based T cell functional assay could be used as a potential predictive marker for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
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45
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Baylet A, Laclaverie M, Marchand L, Bordes S, Closs-Gonthier B, Delpy L. Immunotherapies in cutaneous pathologies: an overview. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:248-255. [PMID: 33137480 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skin is a vital protective organ, the main role of which is to provide a physical barrier and to prevent the entry of pathogens. Various pathologies, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis (PSO), or skin cancers, can affect the skin, and all show a high and increasing prevalence. Many antibodies are currently used in the treatment of these diseases. However, various studies are underway for the development of new biologics directed against specific targets. In this review, we describe current biologics used in skin pathologies as well as antibodies in development. We also discuss various immunotherapy examples that use new delivery technologies, such as microneedle patch, nanoparticles (NPs), liposomes, or gel formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Baylet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7276 - INSERM U1262 - Université de Limoges, CBRS, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; Silab R&D Department, Brive, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Laurent Delpy
- Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7276 - INSERM U1262 - Université de Limoges, CBRS, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France.
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46
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Perdigoto AL, Tran T, Patel N, Clark P, Patell K, Stamatouli AM, Reddy V, Clune J, Herold KC, Robert ME, Kluger HM. Elective Colectomy in a Patient with Active Ulcerative Colitis and Metastatic Melanoma Enabling Successful Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Clin Oncol Case Rep 2020; 3:142. [PMID: 33778814 PMCID: PMC7993656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy has significantly advanced treatment of a growing number of advanced malignancies. A consequences of immune system activation that leads to tumor cell destruction by checkpoint inhibitor therapy is the development of immune-related adverse events, some of which can be life threatening. There are limited data on the use of checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with preexisting autoimmunity owing to concerns that underlying autoimmune disease may be exacerbated by checkpoint inhibitor treatment. Decisions to treat these patients are made after careful consideration of the risks and benefits of treatment. We describe a patient with active and severe ulcerative colitis with metastatic melanoma who underwent elective colectomy prior to initiation of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4. The patient had excellent tumor response without flare of his ulcerative colitis suggesting that in select patients with high-risk inflammatory bowel disease, elective colectomy may be an effective treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Perdigoto
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thuy Tran
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Natalie Patel
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Pamela Clark
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kanchi Patell
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Vikram Reddy
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - James Clune
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kevan C Herold
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marie E Robert
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Harriet M Kluger
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Giunta EF, Barra G, De Falco V, Argenziano G, Napolitano S, Vitale P, Zanaletti N, Terminiello M, Martinelli E, Morgillo F, Ciardiello D, De Palma R, Ciardiello F, Troiani T. Baseline IFN-γ and IL-10 expression in PBMCs could predict response to PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors in advanced melanoma patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17626. [PMID: 33077770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-PD-1 antibodies revolutionized the treatment of advanced melanoma patients. However, one out of three do not respond to this therapy, with an overall poor prognosis. Identification of predictive biomarkers in patients receiving immune-based therapies is necessary for minimizing risk of toxicity and optimizing patient benefit and is still an important unmet clinical need. Recently, many studies have evaluated peripheral blood markers as potential biomarkers, but none so far have been validated. We collected at baseline peripheral blood samples from 18 consecutive advanced melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy. Main pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were studied in PBMCs from baseline blood samples both evaluating mRNA expression by qRT-PCR and identifying PBMCs subpopulations by FACS analysis. We found that IFN-γ mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in responder patients compared to non-responder ones. Moreover, to better validate its role, we evaluated the IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio. This value was higher in responder patients. FACS analysis confirmed that CD4 + IFN-γ + PBMCs percentage was higher in responders. Our data suggest an interesting correlation between IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio and response to anti-PD-1 therapy in advanced melanoma patients, suggesting a new biomarker that could be easily incorporated in clinical practice.
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48
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Watson GA, Doi J, Hansen AR, Spreafico A. Novel strategies in immune checkpoint inhibitor drug development: How far are we from the paradigm shift? Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:1753-1768. [PMID: 32394468 PMCID: PMC7444803 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) represents a major milestone in immune-oncology. Over the years these agents have demonstrated efficacy in an increasing array of malignancies. Despite this success however, significant challenges remain. Novel approaches to both drug development and trial design are required to incorporate the unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of ICIs. Further, it has also been established that the benefit of ICIs is limited to only a subset of patients. The molecular interactions between native immune cells and tumorigenesis and progression represent an active area of biomarker research, and elucidating the mechanisms of response and resistance is crucial to develop rational trial designs for the next wave of immune-oncology (IO) clinical trials, particularly in patients with primary and/or acquired resistance. Efforts are now being made to integrate both biological and clinical information using novel multi-omic approaches which are now being developed to further elucidate the molecular signatures associated with IO treatment response and resistance and enable rational drug development and trial design processes. As such, precision IO and the ability to deliver patient-specific choices for ICI monotherapies or combination therapies has become an increasingly tangible goal. We herein describe the current landscape in ICI drug development and discuss the challenges and future directions in this exciting and evolving era in immune-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Alan Watson
- Bras Drug Development Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Jeffrey Doi
- Bras Drug Development Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Aaron Richard Hansen
- Bras Drug Development Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Bras Drug Development Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
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49
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Yao L, Jia G, Lu L, Bao Y, Ma W. Factors affecting tumor responders and predictive biomarkers of toxicities in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Cives M, Mannavola F, Lospalluti L, Sergi MC, Cazzato G, Filoni E, Cavallo F, Giudice G, Stucci LS, Porta C, Tucci M. Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers: Biological and Clinical Features. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5394. [PMID: 32751327 PMCID: PMC7432795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) include basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). These neoplasms are highly diverse in their clinical presentation, as well as in their biological evolution. While the deregulation of the Hedgehog pathway is commonly observed in BCC, SCC and MCC are characterized by a strikingly elevated mutational and neoantigen burden. As result of our improved understanding of the biology of non-melanoma skin cancers, innovative treatment options including inhibitors of the Hedgehog pathway and immunotherapeutic agents have been recently investigated against these malignancies, leading to their approval by regulatory authorities. Herein, we review the most relevant biological and clinical features of NMSC, focusing on innovative treatment approaches.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/surgery
- Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/surgery
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hedgehog Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hedgehog Proteins/genetics
- Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cives
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.S.); (E.F.); (F.C.); (L.S.S.); (C.P.)
- National Cancer Center, Tumori Institute Giovanni Paolo II, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Mannavola
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.S.); (E.F.); (F.C.); (L.S.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Lucia Lospalluti
- Section of Dermatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Chiara Sergi
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.S.); (E.F.); (F.C.); (L.S.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Section of Pathology, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Filoni
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.S.); (E.F.); (F.C.); (L.S.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.S.); (E.F.); (F.C.); (L.S.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Giudice
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Luigia Stefania Stucci
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.S.); (E.F.); (F.C.); (L.S.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Camillo Porta
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.S.); (E.F.); (F.C.); (L.S.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Marco Tucci
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.C.S.); (E.F.); (F.C.); (L.S.S.); (C.P.)
- National Cancer Center, Tumori Institute Giovanni Paolo II, 70121 Bari, Italy
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