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Calderón AA, Almagro L, Martínez-Calderón A, Ferrer MA. Transcriptional reprogramming in sound-treated Micro-Tom plants inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Physiol Plant 2024; 176:e14335. [PMID: 38705728 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Sound vibrations (SV) are known to influence molecular and physiological processes that can improve crop performance and yield. In this study, the effects of three audible frequencies (100, 500 and 1000 Hz) at constant amplitude (90 dB) on tomato Micro-Tom physiological responses were evaluated 1 and 3 days post-treatment. Moreover, the potential use of SV treatment as priming agent for improved Micro-Tom resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 was tested by microarray. Results showed that the SV-induced physiological changes were frequency- and time-dependent, with the largest changes registered at 1000 Hz at day 3. SV treatments tended to alter the foliar content of photosynthetic pigments, soluble proteins, sugars, phenolic composition, and the enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Microarray data revealed that 1000 Hz treatment is effective in eliciting transcriptional reprogramming in tomato plants grown under normal conditions, but particularly after the infection with Pst DC3000. Broadly, in plants challenged with Pst DC3000, the 1000 Hz pretreatment provoked the up-regulation of unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in cell wall reinforcement, phenylpropanoid pathway and defensive proteins. In addition, in those plants, DEGs associated with enhancing plant basal immunity, such as proteinase inhibitors, pathogenesis-related proteins, and carbonic anhydrase 3, were notably up-regulated in comparison with non-SV pretreated, infected plants. These findings provide new insights into the modulation of Pst DC3000-tomato interaction by sound and open up prospects for further development of strategies for plant disease management through the reinforcement of defense mechanisms in Micro-Tom plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio A Calderón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Lorena Almagro
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - María A Ferrer
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
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Sardari M, Ghanati F, Mobasheri H, Hajnorouzi A. Sound waves alter the viability of tobacco cells via changes in cytosolic calcium, membrane integrity, and cell wall composition. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299055. [PMID: 38466667 PMCID: PMC10927088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of sound waves (SWs) on plant cells can be considered as important as other mechanical stimuli like touch, wind, rain, and gravity, causing certain responses associated with the downstream signaling pathways on the whole plant. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the response of suspension-cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Burley 21) to SW at different intensities. The sinusoidal SW (1,000 Hz) was produced through a signal generator, amplified, and beamed to the one layer floating tobacco cells inside a soundproof chamber at intensities of 60, 75, and 90 dB at the plate level for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. Calibration of the applied SW intensities, accuracy, and uniformity of SW was performed by a sound level meter, and the cells were treated. The effect of SW on tobacco cells was monitored by quantitation of cytosolic calcium, redox status, membrane integrity, wall components, and the activity of wall modifying enzymes. Cytosolic calcium ions increased as a function of sound intensity with a maximum level of 90 dB. Exposure to 90 dB was also accompanied by a significant increase of H2O2 and membrane lipid peroxidation rate but the reduction of total antioxidant and radical scavenging capacities. The increase of wall rigidity in these cells was attributed to an increase in wall-bound phenolic acids and lignin and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and covalently bound peroxidase. In comparison, in 60- and 75 dB, radical scavenging capacity increased, and the activity of wall stiffening enzymes reduced, but cell viability showed no changes. The outcome of the current study reveals that the impact of SW on plant cells is started by an increase in cytosolic calcium. However, upon calcium signaling, downstream events, including alteration of H2O2 and cell redox status and the activities of wall modifying enzymes, determined the extent of SW effects on tobacco cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Sardari
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghanati
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Mobasheri
- Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Macromolecules, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abazar Hajnorouzi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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El-Sappah AH, Yan K, Li J. The plant is neither dumb nor deaf; it talks and hears. Plant J 2024. [PMID: 38281239 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Animals and insects communicate using vibrations that are frequently too low or too high for human ears to detect. Plants and trees can communicate and sense sound. Khait et al. used a dependable recording system to capture airborne sounds produced by stressed plants. In addition to allowing plants to communicate their stress, sound aids in plant defense, development, and resilience. It also serves as a warning that danger is approaching. Demey et al. and others discussed the audit examinations that were conducted to investigate sound discernment in plants at the atomic and biological levels. The biological significance of sound in plants, the morphophysiological response of plants to sound, and the airborne noises that plants make and can hear from a few meters away were all discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H El-Sappah
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Kuan Yan
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
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Ali S, Tyagi A, Park S, Bae H. Understanding the mechanobiology of phytoacoustics through molecular Lens: Mechanisms and future perspectives. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00398-3. [PMID: 38101748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How plants emit, perceive, and respond to sound vibrations (SVs) is a long-standing question in the field of plant sensory biology. In recent years, there have been numerous studies on how SVs affect plant morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits related to growth and adaptive responses. For instance, under drought SVs navigate plant roots towards water, activate their defence responses against stressors, and increase nectar sugar in response to pollinator SVs. Also, plants emit SVs during stresses which are informative in terms of ecological and adaptive perspective. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the SV perception and emission in plants remain largely unknown. Therefore, deciphering the complexity of plant-SV interactions and identifying bonafide receptors and signaling players will be game changers overcoming the roadblocks in phytoacoustics. AIM OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent developments in phytoacoustics. We primarily focuss on SV signal perception and transduction with current challenges and future perspectives. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Timeline breakthroughs in phytoacoustics have constantly shaped our understanding and belief that plants may emit and respond to SVs like other species. However, unlike other plant mechanostimuli, little is known about SV perception and signal transduction. Here, we provide an update on phytoacoustics and its ecological importance. Next, we discuss the role of cell wall receptor-like kinases, mechanosensitive channels, intracellular organelle signaling, and other key players involved in plant-SV receptive pathways that connect them. We also highlight the role of calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), hormones, and other emerging signaling molecules in SV signal transduction. Further, we discuss the importance of molecular, biophysical, computational, and live cell imaging tools for decoding the molecular complexity of acoustic signaling in plants. Finally, we summarised the role of SV priming in plants and discuss how SVs could modulate plant defense and growth trade-offs during other stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Suvin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Wu L, Yang N, Guo M, Zhang D, Ghiladi RA, Bayram H, Wang J. The role of sound stimulation in production of plant secondary metabolites. Nat Prod Bioprospect 2023; 13:40. [PMID: 37847483 PMCID: PMC10581969 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Sound vibration is one of natural stimuli trigging physiological changes in plants. Recent studies showed that sound waves stimulated production of a variety of plant secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, in order to enhance seed germination, flowering, growth or defense. In this review, we examine the potential role of sound stimulation on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and the followed cascade of physiological changes in plants, from the perspective of transcriptional regulation and epigenetic regulation for the first time. A systematic summary showed that a wide range of factors may regulate the production of secondary metabolites, including plant species, growth stage, sound types, sound frequency, sound intensity level and exposure time, etc. Biochemical and physiological changes due to sound stimulation were thoroughly summarized as well, for secondary metabolites can also act as a free radical scavenger, or a hormone signaling molecule. We also discussed the limits of previous studies, and the future application of sound waves in biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wu
- Department of Music, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Didi Zhang
- Department of Music, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Reza A Ghiladi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Hasan Bayram
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Koç University Hospital, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jun Wang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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6
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Demey ML, Mishra RC, Van Der Straeten D. Sound perception in plants: from ecological significance to molecular understanding. Trends Plant Sci 2023; 28:825-840. [PMID: 37002001 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In addition to positive effects on plant growth and resilience, sound alerts plants of potential danger and aids in defense. Sound guides plants towards essential resources, like water, through phonotropic root growth. Sound also facilitates mutualistic interactions such as buzz pollination. Molecularly, sound induces Ca2+ signatures, K+ fluxes, and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in a mechanosensitive ion channel-dependent fashion. We review the two major open questions in the field of plant acoustics: (i) what is the ecological relevance of sound in plant life, and (ii) how is sound sensed and transduced to evoke a morphophysiological response? We highlight the clear need to combine the ecological and molecular perspectives for a more holistic approach to better understand plant behavior.
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7
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de Melo HC. Plants detect and respond to sounds. Planta 2023; 257:55. [PMID: 36790549 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Specific sound patterns can affect plant development. Plants are responsive to environmental stimuli such as sound. However, little is known about their sensory apparatus, mechanisms, and signaling pathways triggered by these stimuli. Thus, it is important to understand the effect of sounds on plants and their technological potential. This review addresses the effects of sounds on plants, the sensory elements inherent to sound detection by the cell, as well as the triggering of signaling pathways that culminate in plant responses. The importance of sound standardization for the study of phytoacoustics is demonstrated. Studies on the sounds emitted or reflected by plants, acoustic stress in plants, and recognition of some sound patterns by plants are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyrandir Cabral de Melo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Avenida Esperança, S/N Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
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Brenya E, Pervin M, Chen ZH, Tissue DT, Johnson S, Braam J, Cazzonelli CI. Mechanical stress acclimation in plants: Linking hormones and somatic memory to thigmomorphogenesis. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:989-1010. [PMID: 34984703 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A single event of mechanical stimulation is perceived by mechanoreceptors that transduce rapid transient signalling to regulate gene expression. Prolonged mechanical stress for days to weeks culminates in cellular changes that strengthen the plant architecture leading to thigmomorphogenesis. The convergence of multiple signalling pathways regulates mechanically induced tolerance to numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. Emerging evidence showed prolonged mechanical stimulation can modify the baseline level of gene expression in naive tissues, heighten gene expression, and prime disease resistance upon a subsequent pathogen encounter. The phenotypes of thigmomorphogenesis can persist throughout growth without continued stimulation, revealing somatic-stress memory. Epigenetic processes regulate TOUCH gene expression and could program transcriptional memory in differentiating cells to program thigmomorphogenesis. We discuss the early perception, gene regulatory and phytohormone pathways that facilitate thigmomorphogenesis and mechanical stress acclimation in Arabidopsis and other plant species. We provide insights regarding: (1) the regulatory mechanisms induced by single or prolonged events of mechanical stress, (2) how mechanical stress confers transcriptional memory to induce cross-acclimation to future stress, and (3) why thigmomorphogenesis might resemble an epigenetic phenomenon. Deeper knowledge of how prolonged mechanical stimulation programs somatic memory and primes defence acclimation could transform solutions to improve agricultural sustainability in stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Brenya
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mahfuza Pervin
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janet Braam
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher I Cazzonelli
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
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9
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Yamazaki M, Ishida A, Suzuki Y, Aoki Y, Suzuki S, Enoki S. Ethylene Induced by Sound Stimulation Enhances Anthocyanin Accumulation in Grape Berry Skin through Direct Upregulation of UDP-Glucose: Flavonoid 3- O-Glucosyltransferase. Cells 2021; 10:2799. [PMID: 34685779 PMCID: PMC8534375 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming has resulted in the loss of anthocyanin accumulation in berry skin. Sound stimulation can be used as a potential method for enhancing fruit color development since many plants recognize sound vibration as an external stimulus and alter their physiological status in response to it. Sound stimulation (sine wave sound at 1000 Hz) enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in grape cultured cells and berry skins in field-grown grapevines at the early stage of ripening. The transcription of UFGT and ACO2, which encode the key enzymes in anthocyanin and ethylene biosynthesis, respectively, was upregulated in grape cultured cells exposed to sound stimulation. In contrast, the transcription of MybA1 and NCED1, which encode a transcription factor for UFGT and a key enzyme in abscisic acid biosynthesis, respectively, was not affected by the sound stimulation. A treatment with an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinyl glycine hydrochloride, revered the enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation by sound stimulation. As the promoter assay using a GUS reporter gene demonstrated that UFGT promoter was directly activated by the ethylene-releasing compound ethephon, which enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in grape cultured cells, we conclude that sound stimulation enhanced anthocyanin accumulation through the direct upregulation of UFGT by ethylene biosynthesis. Our findings suggest that sound stimulation contributes to alleviating poor coloration in berry skin as a novel and innovative practical technique in viticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mone Yamazaki
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kitashin, Kofu 400-0005, Yamanashi, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.I.); (Y.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Akari Ishida
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kitashin, Kofu 400-0005, Yamanashi, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.I.); (Y.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Yamanashi, Japan;
| | - Yoshinao Aoki
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kitashin, Kofu 400-0005, Yamanashi, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.I.); (Y.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Shunji Suzuki
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kitashin, Kofu 400-0005, Yamanashi, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.I.); (Y.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Shinichi Enoki
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kitashin, Kofu 400-0005, Yamanashi, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.I.); (Y.A.); (S.S.)
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10
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Ghosh R, Barbacci A, Leblanc-Fournier N. Mechanostimulation: a promising alternative for sustainable agriculture practices. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:2877-2888. [PMID: 33512423 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants memorize events associated with environmental fluctuations. The integration of environmental signals into molecular memory allows plants to cope with future stressors more efficiently-a phenomenon that is known as 'priming'. Primed plants are more resilient to environmental stresses than non-primed plants, as they are capable of triggering more robust and faster defence responses. Interestingly, exposure to various forms of mechanical stimuli (e.g. touch, wind, or sound vibration) enhances plants' basal defence responses and stress tolerance. Thus, mechanostimulation appears to be a potential priming method and a promising alternative to chemical-based priming for sustainable agriculture. According to the currently available method, mechanical treatment needs to be repeated over a month to alter plant growth and defence responses. Such a long treatment protocol restricts its applicability to fast-growing crops. To optimize the protocol for a broad range of crops, we need to understand the molecular mechanisms behind plant mechanoresponses, which are complex and depend on the frequency, intervals, and duration of the mechanical treatment. In this review, we synthesize the molecular underpinnings of plant mechanoperception and signal transduction to gain a mechanistic understanding of the process of mechanostimulated priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Ghosh
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie intégratives de l'Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adelin Barbacci
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM), 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nathalie Leblanc-Fournier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie intégratives de l'Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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11
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Sharifi R, Ryu C. Social networking in crop plants: Wired and wireless cross-plant communications. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:1095-1110. [PMID: 33274469 PMCID: PMC8049059 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The plant-associated microbial community (microbiome) has an important role in plant-plant communications. Plants decipher their complex habitat situations by sensing the environmental stimuli and molecular patterns and associated with microbes, herbivores and dangers. Perception of these cues generates inter/intracellular signals that induce modifications of plant metabolism and physiology. Signals can also be transferred between plants via different mechanisms, which we classify as wired- and wireless communications. Wired communications involve direct signal transfers between plants mediated by mycorrhizal hyphae and parasitic plant stems. Wireless communications involve plant volatile emissions and root exudates elicited by microbes/insects, which enable inter-plant signalling without physical contact. These producer-plant signals induce microbiome adaptation in receiver plants via facilitative or competitive mechanisms. Receiver plants eavesdrop to anticipate responses to improve fitness against stresses. An emerging body of information in plant-plant communication can be leveraged to improve integrated crop management under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhallah Sharifi
- Department of Plant ProtectionCollege of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi UniversityKermanshahIran
| | - Choong‐Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology LaboratoryInfectious Disease Research Center, KRIBBDaejeonSouth Korea
- Biosystem and Bioengineering ProgramUniversity of Science and Technology (UST)DaejeonSouth Korea
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