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Corporeau C, Le Foll C, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Le Stunff H, Mithieux G, Magnan C, Delarue J. Fish oil minimises feed intake and improves insulin sensitivity in Zucker fa/fa rats. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:749-761. [PMID: 37877265 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain n-3 PUFA (LC n-3 PUFA) prevent, in rodents, insulin resistance (IR) induced by a high-fat and/or fructose diet but not IR induced by glucocorticoids. In humans, contrasting effects have also been reported. We investigated their effects on insulin sensitivity, feed intake (FI) and body weight gain in genetically insulin resistant male obese (fa/fa) Zucker (ZO) rats during the development of obesity. ZO rats were fed a diet supplemented with 7 % fish oil (FO) + 1 % corn oil (CO) (wt/wt) (ZOFO), while the control group was fed a diet containing 8 % fat from CO (wt/wt) (ZOCO). Male lean Zucker (ZL) rats fed either FO (ZLFO) or CO (ZLCO) diet were used as controls. FO was a marine-derived TAG oil containing EPA 90 mg/g + DHA 430 mg/g. During an oral glucose tolerance test, glucose tolerance remained unaltered by FO while insulin response was reduced in ZOFO only. Liver insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp + 2 deoxyglucose) was improved in ZOFO rats, linked to changes in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression, activity and glucose-6-phosphatase activity. FI in response to intra-carotid insulin/glucose infusion was decreased similarly in ZOFO and ZOCO. Hypothalamic ceramides levels were lower in ZOFO than in ZOCO. Our study demonstrates that LC n-3 PUFA can minimise weight gain, possibly by alleviating hypothalamic lipotoxicity, and liver IR in genetically obese Zucker rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Corporeau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brest, Plouzané, France
- Present address: Ifremer, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christelle Le Foll
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brest, Plouzané, France
- Present address: Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
- Present address: Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Saclay-CNRS UMR 9197, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Inserm, U855, Lyon, F-69008, France
- University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jacques Delarue
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, ER7479 SPURBO, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine University of Brest, Plouzane, France
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da Silva AA, Rocha-Gomes A, Reis ÍG, de Pinho Tavares Leal PE, Lessa MR, Pinto NAVD, Riul TR, Villela DC. Supplementation with Jatobá-do-cerrado flour (Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart.) decreases hypothalamic inflammation and improves obesity parameters in rats on a high-fat diet. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 385:578237. [PMID: 37931532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of jatobá-do-cerrado flour on nutritional, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers, an study was conducted using male Wistar rats. These animals were allocated into four groups: a standard diet (Control), a high-fat diet (HFD), a diet with jatobá-do-cerrado flour (JCF), and a combination of high-fat diet and jatobá-do-cerrado flour (HFD + JCF). Comprehensive evaluations included food intake, cytokine concentrations, and redox status indicators. HFD group exhibited increased caloric intake and fat mass, elevated circulating IL-6, and heightened lipid peroxidation markers. This group also showed increased hypothalamic concentrations of IL-6, TNFα, and lipid peroxidation. In contrast, the HFD + JCF group showed reduced caloric intake, fat mass, and improvements in redox balance and inflammatory markers both in the blood and hypothalamus. SUMMARY: In the current study, we evaluated the potential of Jatobá-do-cerrado flour in mitigating the effects of a high-fat diet in adult Wistar rats. The addition of fat to the animals' diet for 63 days induced obesity, dyslipidemia, as well as an increase in inflammatory and lipid peroxidation markers, both in the blood and hypothalamus. Conversely, supplementation with Jatobá-do-Cerrado flour showed anti-obesogenic effects and these may be associated with the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, supplementation with this flour has the potential to be a functional food for the treatment or prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Alves da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Arthur Rocha-Gomes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Gomes Reis
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ernesto de Pinho Tavares Leal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Mayara Rodrigues Lessa
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Tecnologia e Biomassas do Cerrado - Departamento de Nutrição - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - Diamantina-MG - Brazil
| | - Nisia Andrade Villela Dessimoni Pinto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Tecnologia e Biomassas do Cerrado - Departamento de Nutrição - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - Diamantina-MG - Brazil
| | - Tania Regina Riul
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Campos Villela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
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Galeano P, de Ceglia M, Mastrogiovanni M, Campanelli L, Medina-Vera D, Campolo N, Novack GV, Rosell-Valle C, Suárez J, Aicardo A, Campuzano K, Castaño EM, Do Carmo S, Cuello AC, Bartesaghi S, Radi R, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Morelli L. The Effect of Fat Intake with Increased Omega-6-to-Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratio in Animal Models of Early and Late Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17009. [PMID: 38069333 PMCID: PMC10707298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to clarify the effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake on the adult brain affected by amyloid pathology. McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic (Tg) rat and 5xFAD Tg mouse models that represent earlier or later disease stages were employed. The animals were exposed to a control diet (CD) or an HFD based on corn oil, from young (rats) or adult (mice) ages for 24 or 10 weeks, respectively. In rats and mice, the HFD impaired reference memory in wild-type (WT) animals but did not worsen it in Tg, did not cause obesity, and did not increase triglycerides or glucose levels. Conversely, the HFD promoted stronger microglial activation in Tg vs. WT rats but had no effect on cerebral amyloid deposition. IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6 plasma levels were increased in Tg rats, regardless of diet, while CXCL1 chemokine levels were increased in HFD-fed mice, regardless of genotype. Hippocampal 3-nitrotyrosine levels tended to increase in HFD-fed Tg rats but not in mice. Overall, an HFD with an elevated omega-6-to-omega-3 ratio as compared to the CD (25:1 vs. 8.4:1) did not aggravate the outcome of AD regardless of the stage of amyloid pathology, suggesting that many neurobiological processes relevant to AD are not directly dependent on PUFA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Galeano
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Lorenzo Campanelli
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Dina Medina-Vera
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Nicolás Campolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Gisela V. Novack
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Cristina Rosell-Valle
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Juan Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 32, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Adrián Aicardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Departamento de Nutrición Clínica, Escuela de Nutrición, Universidad de la República, Av. Ricaldoni S/N, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Karen Campuzano
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Eduardo M. Castaño
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Building 3655 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (S.D.C.); (A.C.C.)
| | - A. Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Building 3655 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (S.D.C.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Laura Morelli
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
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Cavaliere G, Cimmino F, Trinchese G, Catapano A, Petrella L, D'Angelo M, Lucchin L, Mollica MP. From Obesity-Induced Low-Grade Inflammation to Lipotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Altered Multi-Crosstalk between Adipose Tissue and Metabolically Active Organs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1172. [PMID: 37371902 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for several metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, and brain disorders. Growing evidence suggests the importance of inter-organ metabolic communication for the progression of obesity and the subsequent onset of related disorders. This review provides a broad overview of the pathophysiological processes that from adipose tissue dysfunction leading to altered multi-tissue crosstalk relevant to regulating energy homeostasis and the etiology of obesity. First, a comprehensive description of the role of adipose tissue was reported. Then, attention was turned toward the unhealthy expansion of adipose tissue, low-grade inflammatory state, metabolic inflexibility, and mitochondrial dysfunction as root causes of systemic metabolic alterations. In addition, a short spot was devoted to iron deficiency in obese conditions and the role of the hepcidin-ferroportin relationship in the management of this issue. Finally, different classes of bioactive food components were described with a perspective to enhance their potential preventive and therapeutic use against obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Lidia Petrella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita D'Angelo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Lucchin
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Bolzano Health District, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Salsinha AS, Socodato R, Rodrigues A, Vale-Silva R, Relvas JB, Pintado M, Rodríguez-Alcalá LM. Potential of omega-3 and conjugated fatty acids to control microglia inflammatory imbalance elicited by obesogenic nutrients. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159331. [PMID: 37172801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet-induced obesity detrimentally affects brain function by inducing chronic low-grade inflammation. This neuroinflammation is, at least in part, likely to be mediated by microglia, which are the main immune cell population in the brain. Microglia express a wide range of lipid-sensitive receptors and their activity can be modulated by fatty acids that cross the blood-brain barrier. Here, by combining live cell imaging and FRET technology we assessed how different fatty acids modulate microglia activity. We demonstrate that the combined action of fructose and palmitic acid induce Ikβα degradation and nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit nuclear factor kB (NF-κB) in HCM3 human microglia. Such obesogenic nutrients also lead to reactive oxygen species production and LynSrc activation (critical regulators of microglia inflammation). Importantly, short-time exposure to omega-3 (EPA and DHA), CLA and CLNA are sufficient to abolish NF-κB pathway activation, suggesting a potential neuroprotective role. Omega-3 and CLA also show an antioxidant potential by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production, and the activation of LynSrc in microglia. Furthermore, using chemical agonists (TUG-891) and antagonists (AH7614) of GPR120/FFA4, we demonstrated that omega-3, CLA and CLNA inhibition of the NF-κB pathway is mediated by this receptor, while omega-3 and CLA antioxidant potential occurs through different signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Salsinha
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - R Socodato
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - A Rodrigues
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - R Vale-Silva
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - J B Relvas
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - L M Rodríguez-Alcalá
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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6
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Di Majo D, Sardo P, Giglia G, Di Liberto V, Zummo FP, Zizzo MG, Caldara GF, Rappa F, Intili G, van Dijk RM, Gallo D, Ferraro G, Gambino G. Correlation of Metabolic Syndrome with Redox Homeostasis Biomarkers: Evidence from High-Fat Diet Model in Wistar Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010089. [PMID: 36670955 PMCID: PMC9854509 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is an extremely complex disease. A non-balanced diet such as high-fat diet (HFD) induces metabolic dysfunction that could modify redox homeostasis. We here aimed at exploring redox homeostasis in male Wistar rats, following 8 weeks of HFD, correlating the eventual modification of selected biomarkers that could be associated with the clinical manifestations of MetS. Therefore, we selected parameters relative to both the glucose tolerance and lipid altered metabolism, but also oxidative pattern. We assessed some biomarkers of oxidative stress i.e., thiols balance, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant barriers, via the use of specific biochemical assays, individuating eventual cross correlation with parameters relative to MetS through a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The present study shows that 8 weeks of HFD induce MetS in rats, altering glucose and lipid homeostasis and increasing visceral adipose tissue, but also impairing the physiological antioxidant responses that could not counteract the oxidative stress condition. Crucially, cross-correlation analysis suggested that the assessment of specific oxidative stress parameters reported here can provide information comparable to the more widely acquired biomarkers of Mets such as glucose tolerance. Lastly, hepatic steatosis in association with the oxidative stress condition was also highlighted by histological analysis. This research will elucidate the fundamental impact of these oxidative stress parameters on MetS induced in the HFD rat model, tracing paths for developing prevention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Di Majo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Sardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giglia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, I.E.ME.S.T, 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Zummo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Zizzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- ATeN (Advanced Technologies Network) Center, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Rappa
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgia Intili
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Gallo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuditta Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-09123865843
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7
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Cavaliere G, Catapano A, Trinchese G, Cimmino F, Penna E, Pizzella A, Cristiano C, Lama A, Crispino M, Mollica MP. Butyrate Improves Neuroinflammation and Mitochondrial Impairment in Cerebral Cortex and Synaptic Fraction in an Animal Model of Diet-Induced Obesity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010004. [PMID: 36670866 PMCID: PMC9854835 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are characterized by cognitive impairment and behavioural abnormalities. The incidence of NDDs in recent years has increased globally and the pathological mechanism is not fully understood. To date, plentiful evidence has showed that metabolic alterations associated with obesity and related issues such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may represent an important risk factor, linking obesity and NDDs. Numerous studies have indicated a correlation between diet and brain activities. In this context, a key role is played by mitochondria located in the synaptic fraction; indeed, it has been shown that high-fat diets cause their dysfunction, affecting synaptic plasticity. In this scenario, the use of natural molecules that improve brain mitochondrial function represents an important therapeutic approach to treat NDDs. Recently, it was demonstrated that butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid is capable of counteracting obesity in an animal model, modulating mitochondrial function. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the effects of butyrate on neuroinflammatory state, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain cortex and in the synaptic fraction of a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Our data have shown that butyrate partially reverts neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the brain cortex and synaptic area, improving mitochondrial function and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia Pizzella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Cristiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-679-990
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8
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Trinchese G, Cimmino F, Cavaliere G, Catapano A, Fogliano C, Lama A, Pirozzi C, Cristiano C, Russo R, Petrella L, Meli R, Mattace Raso G, Crispino M, Avallone B, Mollica MP. The Hepatic Mitochondrial Alterations Exacerbate Meta-Inflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1990. [PMID: 36290713 PMCID: PMC9598797 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the liver in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), developmental disabilities characterized by impairments in social interactions and repetitive behavioral patterns, has been poorly investigated. In ASD, it has been shown a dysregulation of gut-brain crosstalk, a communication system able to influence metabolic homeostasis, as well as brain development, mood and cognitive functions. The liver, with its key role in inflammatory and metabolic states, represents the crucial metabolic organ in this crosstalk. Indeed, through the portal vein, the liver receives not only nutrients but also numerous factors derived from the gut and visceral adipose tissue, which modulate metabolism and hepatic mitochondrial functions. Here, we investigated, in an animal model of ASD (BTBR mice), the involvement of hepatic mitochondria in the regulation of inflammatory state and liver damage. We observed increased inflammation and oxidative stress linked to hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction, steatotic hepatocytes, and marked mitochondrial fission in BTBR mice. Our preliminary study provides a better understanding of the pathophysiology of ASD and could open the way to identifying hepatic mitochondria as targets for innovative therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Fogliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Cristiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lidia Petrella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mattace Raso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Bice Avallone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
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9
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Santiago CMO, de Oliveira DG, Rocha‐Gomes A, Oliveira G, Bernardes EDO, Dias PL, Reis ÍG, Severiano CM, da Silva AA, Lessa MR, Dessimoni Pinto NAV, Riul TR. Unripe banana flour (
Musa cavendishii
) promotes increased hypothalamic antioxidant activity, reduced caloric intake, and abdominal fat accumulation in rats on a high‐fat diet. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14341. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla M. O. Santiago
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Dalila G. de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Arthur Rocha‐Gomes
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Gabriel A. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Oliveira Bernardes
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Patrick L. Dias
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Ítalo G. Reis
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Cecília M. Severiano
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Alexandre A. da Silva
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências da Saúde Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Mayara R. Lessa
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Nisia A. V. Dessimoni Pinto
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Tania R. Riul
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Minas Gerais Brazil
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10
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Petermann AB, Reyna-Jeldes M, Ortega L, Coddou C, Yévenes GE. Roles of the Unsaturated Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid in the Central Nervous System: Molecular and Cellular Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105390. [PMID: 35628201 PMCID: PMC9141004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are essential components of the central nervous system (CNS), where they exert multiple roles in health and disease. Among the FAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been widely recognized as a key molecule for neuronal function and cell signaling. Despite its relevance, the molecular pathways underlying the beneficial effects of DHA on the cells of the CNS are still unclear. Here, we summarize and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of DHA in neural cells with a special focus on processes of survival, morphological development, and synaptic maturation. In addition, we examine the evidence supporting a potential therapeutic role of DHA against CNS tumor diseases and tumorigenesis. The current results suggest that DHA exerts its actions on neural cells mainly through the modulation of signaling cascades involving the activation of diverse types of receptors. In addition, we found evidence connecting brain DHA and ω-3 PUFA levels with CNS diseases, such as depression, autism spectrum disorders, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the context of cancer, the existing data have shown that DHA exerts positive actions as a coadjuvant in antitumoral therapy. Although many questions in the field remain only partially resolved, we hope that future research may soon define specific pathways and receptor systems involved in the beneficial effects of DHA in cells of the CNS, opening new avenues for innovative therapeutic strategies for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Petermann
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.R.-J.); (L.O.)
| | - Mauricio Reyna-Jeldes
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.R.-J.); (L.O.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a Nivel Básico, Aplicado y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
| | - Lorena Ortega
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.R.-J.); (L.O.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a Nivel Básico, Aplicado y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
| | - Claudio Coddou
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.R.-J.); (L.O.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a Nivel Básico, Aplicado y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (G.E.Y.)
| | - Gonzalo E. Yévenes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.R.-J.); (L.O.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (G.E.Y.)
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11
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An J, Wang Q, Yi S, Liu X, Jin H, Xu J, Wen G, Zhu J, Tuo B. The source of the fat significantly affects the results of high-fat diet intervention. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4315. [PMID: 35279685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) is widely used in animal models of many diseases, it helps to understand the pathogenic mechanism of related diseases. Several dietary fats were commonly used in HFD, such as corn oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, and lard. However, it was reported that different dietary fat could have completely different effects on physiological indicators and the gut microbiome, and the sources of dietary fat used in high-fat diet research have not been comprehensively compared. In this research, we conduct comparative experiments on various sources of dietary fats to test their different effects during the high-fat diet intervention. We investigated the effects of twelve common dietary fats in high-fat diet intervention of mice, body/liver weight changes, four blood lipid indices, and gut microbiome were analyzed. Our results showed that the source of dietary fat used in high-fat diet significantly affects the changes of body/liver weight and triglyceride (TRIG) in the blood. Furthermore, the intervention of canola oil increased the alpha diversity of gut microbiota, and lard has decreased diversity compared with the control group. The composition of saturated fatty acid (SFA) in fat has the most significant effects on the gut microbiome. All dietary fats treatments have an increasing Firmicutes abundance and a reduced Bacteroidetes abundance in gut microbiome, while the canola oil has a slight variation compared to other intervention groups, and the lard group has the largest changes. This study showed that different types of dietary fat have different effects on the body indicators and intestinal microbiota of mice, and canola oil produced less disturbance than other types of dietary fats in high-fat diet.
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12
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Garrel G, Rouch C, L’Hôte D, Tazi S, Kassis N, Giton F, Dairou J, Dournaud P, Gressens P, Magnan C, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Cohen-Tannoudji J. Disruption of Pituitary Gonadotrope Activity in Male Rats After Short- or Long-Term High-Fat Diets Is Not Associated With Pituitary Inflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:877999. [PMID: 35498414 PMCID: PMC9043610 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.877999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overnutrition is associated with the activation of inflammatory pathways in metabolically linked organs and an early hypothalamic inflammation is now known to disrupt the central control of metabolic function. Because we demonstrated that fatty acids (FA) target the pituitary and affect gonadotropin synthesis, we asked whether overnutrition induces pituitary inflammation that may contribute to obesity-associated disorders in the control of reproduction. We analyzed pituitary inflammation and hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in male rats fed a short- (4 weeks) or long-term (20 weeks) high-fat diet. The effect of diet enrichment with the ω3 polyunsaturated FA, DHA, was also analyzed. After only 4 weeks and before weight gain of rats, high-fat diet caused a significant decrease in pituitary gonadotropin and hypothalamic GnRH transcript levels despite unchanged testosterone and inhibin B levels. Contrasting with the hypothalamus, there was no concomitant increases in gene expression of pituitary inflammatory mediators and even a reduction of prototypical cytokines such as interleukin-1β and TNF-α. No inflammation was still detected in the pituitary after 20 weeks although gonadotropin transcripts and circulating levels were still altered. Gonadotropins were the only pituitary hormones remaining affected at this stage of the regimen, underlying a differential susceptibility of pituitary lineages to metabolic disorders. DHA enrichment of the diet did not prevent alterations of gonadotrope activity due to either a long- or a short-term high-fat diet although it blocked early hypothalamic inflammation and attenuated several metabolic effects. Taken together, our findings suggest that high-fat diet-induced defects in gonadotrope activity in male rats occurred despite a lack of pituitary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Garrel
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Claude Rouch
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - David L’Hôte
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Salma Tazi
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Nadim Kassis
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Frank Giton
- AP-HP, Pôle biologie-Pathologie Henri Mondor, Inserm IMRB U955, Créteil, France
| | - Julien Dairou
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Christophe Magnan
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | | | - Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji,
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13
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Trinchese G, Cimmino F, Cavaliere G, Rosati L, Catapano A, Sorriento D, Murru E, Bernardo L, Pagani L, Bergamo P, Scudiero R, Iaccarino G, Greco L, Banni S, Crispino M, Mollica MP. Heart Mitochondrial Metabolic Flexibility and Redox Status Are Improved by Donkey and Human Milk Intake. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111807. [PMID: 34829678 PMCID: PMC8614950 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological mechanisms linking nutrition and antioxidants content of the diet with cardiovascular protection are subject of intense investigation. It has been demonstrated that dietary supplementation with cow, donkey or human milk, characterized by distinct nutritional properties, triggers significant differences in the metabolic and inflammatory status through the modulation of hepatic and skeletal muscle mitochondrial functions. Cardiac mitochondria play a key role for energy-demanding heart functions, and their disfunctions is leading to pathologies. Indeed, an altered heart mitochondrial function and the consequent increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory state, is linked to several cardiac diseases such as hypertension and heart failure. In this work it was investigated the impact of the milk consumption on heart mitochondrial functions, inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, it was underlined the crosstalk between mitochondrial metabolic flexibility, lipid storage and redox status as control mechanisms for the maintenance of cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
- BAT Centre—Interuniversity Centre for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Luigi Rosati
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
- BAT Centre—Interuniversity Centre for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Sorriento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.S.); (G.I.)
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Luca Bernardo
- Department of Childhood and Developmental Medicine, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy; (L.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Luciana Pagani
- Department of Childhood and Developmental Medicine, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy; (L.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources CNR, IBBR-UOS, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Scudiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
- BAT Centre—Interuniversity Centre for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.S.); (G.I.)
| | - Luigi Greco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
- BAT Centre—Interuniversity Centre for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-679-990
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14
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Salsinha AS, Rodríguez-alcalá LM, Relvas JB, Pintado ME. Fatty acids role on obesity induced hypothalamus inflammation: From problem to solution – A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021; 112:592-607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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de Souza DMS, Silva MC, Farias SEB, Menezes APDJ, Milanezi CM, Lúcio KDP, Paiva NCN, de Abreu PM, Costa DC, Pinto KMDC, Costa GDP, Silva JS, Talvani A. Diet Rich in Lard Promotes a Metabolic Environment Favorable to Trypanosoma cruzi Growth. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:667580. [PMID: 34113663 PMCID: PMC8185140 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.667580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease and affects 6-7 million people mainly in Latin America and worldwide. Here, we investigated the effects of hyperlipidic diets, mainly composed of olive oil or lard on experimental T. cruzi infection. C57BL/6 mice were fed two different dietary types in which the main sources of fatty acids were either monounsaturated (olive oil diet) or saturated (lard diet). Methods: After 60 days on the diet, mice were infected with 50 trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi Colombian strain. We evaluated the systemic and tissue parasitism, tissue inflammation, and the redox status of mice after 30 days of infection. Results: Lipid levels in the liver of mice fed with the lard diet increased compared with that of the mice fed with olive oil or normolipidic diets. The lard diet group presented with an increased parasitic load in the heart and adipose tissues following infection as well as an increased expression of Tlr2 and Tlr9 in the heart. However, no changes were seen in the survival rates across the dietary groups. Infected mice receiving all diets presented comparable levels of recruited inflammatory cells at 30 days post-infection but, at this time, we observed lard diet inducing an overproduction of CCL2 in the cardiac tissue and its inhibition in the adipose tissue. T. cruzi infection altered liver antioxidant levels in mice, with the lard diet group demonstrating decreased catalase (CAT) activity compared with that of other dietary groups. Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that T. cruzi growth is more favorable on tissue of mice subjected to the lard diet. Our findings supported our hypothesis of a relationship between the source of dietary lipids and parasite-induced immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Maria Soares de Souza
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Biological Science Post-graduate Program, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Health and Nutrition Post-graduate Program, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Cláudia Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Elvira Barros Farias
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de J Menezes
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Maria Milanezi
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karine de P Lúcio
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Nívia Carolina N Paiva
- Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Paula Melo de Abreu
- Biological Science Post-graduate Program, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Health and Nutrition Post-graduate Program, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Kelerson Mauro de Castro Pinto
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,School of Physical Education, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Paula Costa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Health and Nutrition Post-graduate Program, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - João Santana Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Fiocruz-Bi-Institutional Translational Medicine Plataform, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Health and Nutrition Post-graduate Program, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Health Science, Infectology and Tropical Medicine Post-graduate Program, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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16
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Prabhu GS, Prasad K, K G MR, Rai KS. Efficacy of choline and DHA supplements or enriched environment exposure during early adult obesity in mitigating its adverse impact through aging in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2396-2407. [PMID: 33911955 PMCID: PMC8071910 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of choline and DHA or exposure to environmental enrichment in obese adult and aging rats on alterations in body mass index, serum lipid profile and arterial wall changes, despite stopping high fat diet consumption and interventions during adulthood. Methods 21 day old male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned as Experiment-1 & 2 - PND rats were divided into 4 groups with interventions for 7 months (n = 8/group). NC- Normal control fed normal chow diet; OB- Obese group, fed high fat diet; OB + CHO + DHA- fed high fat diet and oral supplementation of choline, DHA. OB + EE- fed high fat diet along with exposure to enriched environment .Experiment-2 had similar groups and interventions as experiment 1 but for next 5 months were fed normal chow diet without any interventions. Body mass index was assessed and blood was analyzed for serum lipid profile. Common Carotid Artery (CCA) was processed for Haematoxylin and eosin, Verhoff Vangeison stains. Images of tissue sections were analyzed and quantified using image J and tissue quant software. Results In experiment.1, mean body mass index (p < 0.001), serum lipid profile (p < 0.01), thickness of tunica intima (p < 0.05), tunica media (p < 0.01) and percentage of collagen fibers (p < 0.01) of CCA were significantly increased in OB compared to NC. These were significantly attenuated in OB + CHO + DHA and OB + EE compared to OB. In experiment.2, mean body mass index (p < 0.01), serum lipid profile (p < 0.05) and thickness of tunica media of CCA (p < 0.01) were significantly increased in OB compared to NC. In OB + CHO + DHA and OB + EE, significant attenuation was observed in mean body mass index and mean thickness of tunica media compared to same in OB. Conclusion Adult obesity has negative impact on body mass index, serum lipid profile and arterial wall structure that persists through aging. Supplementation of choline and DHA or exposure to enriched environment during obesity attenuates these negative impacts through aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri S Prabhu
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Keerthana Prasad
- Manipal School of Information Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohandas Rao K G
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiranmai S Rai
- Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
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17
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Miao Z, Schultzberg M, Wang X, Zhao Y. Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in ischemic stroke - A perspective of specialized pro-resolving mediators. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2974-87. [PMID: 33509668 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been proposed as beneficial for cardiovascular health. However, results from both epidemiological studies and clinical trials have been inconsistent, whereas most of the animal studies showed promising benefits of PUFAs in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke. In recent years, it has become clear that PUFAs are metabolized into various types of bioactive derivatives, including the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs exert multiple biofunctions, such as to limit excessive inflammatory responses, regulate lipid metabolism and immune cell functions, decrease production of pro-inflammatory factors, increase anti-inflammatory mediators, as well as to promote tissue repair and homeostasis. Inflammation has been recognised as a key contributor to the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke. Owing to their potent pro-resolving actions, SPMs are potential for development of novel anti-stroke therapy. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge of epidemiological studies, basic research and clinical trials concerning PUFAs in stroke prevention and treatment, with special attention to SPMs as the unsung heroes behind PUFAs.
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Sarroca S, Gatius A, Rodríguez-Farré E, Vilchez D, Pallàs M, Griñán-Ferré C, Sanfeliu C, Corpas R. Resveratrol confers neuroprotection against high-fat diet in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via modulation of proteolytic mechanisms. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 89:108569. [PMID: 33321185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative evidence indicates that excessive consumption of calories from saturated fat contributes to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we assess the triggering and progression of AD pathology induced by a high-fat diet (HFD), and the effects of resveratrol, a polyphenol found in common dietary sources with pleiotropic neuroprotective activities. Over 16 weeks, male wild type (WT) and AD transgenic 5XFAD mice were fed a control diet, HFD (60% kcal from fat), or HFD supplemented with 0.1% resveratrol. Resveratrol protected against HFD-induced memory loss in WT mice and prevented memory loss in 5XFAD mice. Resveratrol also reduced the amyloid burden aggravated by HFD in 5XFAD, and protected against HFD-induced tau pathology in both WT and 5XFAD strains. At the mechanistic level, resveratrol inhibited the HFD-increased amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein in both strains; it also restored abnormal high levels in the proteolytic activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system induced by HFD, suggesting the presence of a compensatory mechanism to counteract the accumulation of aberrant proteins. Thus, our data suggest that resveratrol can correct the harmful effects of HFD in the brain and may be a potential therapeutic agent against obesity-related disorders and AD pathology.
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Penna E, Pizzella A, Cimmino F, Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, Catapano A, Allocca I, Chun JT, Campanozzi A, Messina G, Precenzano F, Lanzara V, Messina A, Monda V, Monda M, Perrone-Capano C, Mollica MP, Crispino M. Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Effect of High-Fat Diet on Synaptic Plasticity and Mitochondrial Functions. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110805. [PMID: 33142719 PMCID: PMC7694125 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) include diverse neuropathologies characterized by abnormal brain development leading to impaired cognition, communication and social skills. A common feature of NDDs is defective synaptic plasticity, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are only partially known. Several studies have indicated that people’s lifestyles such as diet pattern and physical exercise have significant influence on synaptic plasticity of the brain. Indeed, it has been reported that a high-fat diet (HFD, with 30–50% fat content), which leads to systemic low-grade inflammation, has also a detrimental effect on synaptic efficiency. Interestingly, metabolic alterations associated with obesity in pregnant woman may represent a risk factor for NDDs in the offspring. In this review, we have discussed the potential molecular mechanisms linking the HFD-induced metabolic dysfunctions to altered synaptic plasticity underlying NDDs, with a special emphasis on the roles played by synaptic protein synthesis and mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Amelia Pizzella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ivana Allocca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Jong Tai Chun
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Angelo Campanozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Precenzano
- Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Valentina Lanzara
- Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Carla Perrone-Capano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso”, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-679990; Fax: +39-081-679233
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
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20
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de Mello AH, Schraiber RDB, Goldim MPDS, Mathias K, Mendes C, Corrêa MEAB, Gomes ML, Silveira PCL, Schuck PF, Petronilho F, Rezin GT. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have beneficial effects on visceral fat in diet-induced obesity model. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:693-701. [PMID: 31774300 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on oxidative stress and energy metabolism parameters in the visceral fat of a high-fat-diet induced obesity model. Energy intake, body mass, and visceral fat mass were also evaluated. Male Swiss mice received either a control diet (control group) or a high-fat diet (obese group) for 6 weeks. After this period, the groups were divided into control + saline, control + omega-3, obese + saline, and obese + omega-3, and to these groups 400 mg·(kg body mass)-1·day-1 of fish oil (or saline) was administered orally, for 4 weeks. Energy intake and body mass were monitored throughout the experiment. In the 10th week, the animals were euthanized and the visceral fat (mesenteric) was removed. Treatment with omega-3 PUFAs did not affect energy intake or body mass, but it did reduced visceral fat mass. In visceral fat, omega-3 PUFAs reduced oxidative damage and alleviated changes to the antioxidant defense system and the Krebs cycle. The mitochondrial respiratory chain was neither altered by obesity nor by omega-3 PUFAs. In conclusion, omega-3 PUFAs have beneficial effects on the visceral fat of obese mice because they mitigate changes caused by the consumption of a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Haas de Mello
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia de Processos Inflamatórios e Metabólicos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - Rosiane de Bona Schraiber
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia de Processos Inflamatórios e Metabólicos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - Mariana Pereira de Souza Goldim
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia de Processos Inflamatórios e Metabólicos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - Khiany Mathias
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia de Processos Inflamatórios e Metabólicos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - Carolini Mendes
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - Maria Eduarda Anastácio Borges Corrêa
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - Maria Luiza Gomes
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Fernanda Schuck
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia de Processos Inflamatórios e Metabólicos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia de Processos Inflamatórios e Metabólicos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brasil
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Cefaliello C, Penna E, Barbato C, Di Ruberto G, Mollica MP, Trinchese G, Cigliano L, Borsello T, Chun JT, Giuditta A, Perrone-Capano C, Miniaci MC, Crispino M. Deregulated Local Protein Synthesis in the Brain Synaptosomes of a Mouse Model for Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1529-1541. [PMID: 31784883 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
While protein synthesis in neurons is largely attributed to cell body and dendrites, the capability of synaptic regions to synthesize new proteins independently of the cell body has been widely demonstrated as an advantageous mechanism subserving synaptic plasticity. Thus, the contribution that local protein synthesis at synapses makes to physiology and pathology of brain plasticity may be more prevalent than initially thought. In this study, we tested if local protein synthesis at synapses is deregulated in the brains of TgCRND8 mice, an animal model for Alzheimer's disease (AD) overexpressing mutant human amyloid precursor protein (APP). To this end, we used synaptosomes as a model system to study the functionality of the synaptic regions in mouse brains. Our results showed that, while TgCRND8 mice exhibit early signs of brain inflammation and deficits in learning, the electrophoretic profile of newly synthesized proteins in their synaptosomes was subtly different from that of the control mice. Interestingly, APP itself was, in part, locally synthesized in the synaptosomes, underscoring the potential importance of local translation at synapses. More importantly, after the contextual fear conditioning, de novo synthesis of some individual proteins was significantly enhanced in the synaptosomes of control animals, but the TgCRND8 mice failed to display such synaptic modulation by training. Taken together, our results demonstrate that synaptic synthesis of proteins is impaired in the brain of a mouse model for AD, and raise the possibility that this deregulation may contribute to the early progression of the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cefaliello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,current address: Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Barbato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Giuditta
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Perrone-Capano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso," CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Miniaci
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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22
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Cavaliere G, Trinchese G, Penna E, Cimmino F, Pirozzi C, Lama A, Annunziata C, Catapano A, Mattace Raso G, Meli R, Monda M, Messina G, Zammit C, Crispino M, Mollica MP. High-Fat Diet Induces Neuroinflammation and Mitochondrial Impairment in Mice Cerebral Cortex and Synaptic Fraction. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:509. [PMID: 31798417 PMCID: PMC6861522 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the development of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria specifically located at synapses play a key role in providing energy to support synaptic functions and plasticity, thus their defects may lead to synaptic failure, which is a common hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. High-Fat Diet (HFD) consumption increases brain oxidative stress and impairs brain mitochondrial functions, although the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. The aim of our study is to analyze neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunctions in brain cortex and synaptosomal fraction isolated from a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Male C57Bl/6 mice were divided into two groups fed a standard diet or HFD for 18 weeks. At the end of the treatment, inflammation (detected by ELISA), antioxidant state (measured by enzymatic activity), mitochondrial functions and efficiency (detected by oxidative capacity and Seahorse analysis), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway (analyzed by western blot) were determined in brain cortex and synaptosomal fraction. In HFD animals, we observed an increase in inflammatory parameters and oxidative stress and a decrease in mitochondrial oxidative capacity both in the brain cortex and synaptosomal fraction. These alterations parallel with modulation of BDNF, a brain key signaling molecule that is linking synaptic plasticity and energy metabolism. Neuroinflammation HFD-dependent negatively affects BDNF pathway and mitochondrial activity in the brain cortex. The effect is even more pronounced in the synaptic region, where the impaired energy supply may have a negative impact on neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Christian Zammit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Huang P, Liu Y. A Reasonable Diet Promotes Balance of Intestinal Microbiota: Prevention of Precolorectal Cancer. Biomed Res Int 2019; 2019:3405278. [PMID: 31428633 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3405278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer includes genetics, age, chronic inflammation, and lifestyle. Increasing attention has recently been paid to dietary factors. Evidence from epidemiological studies and clinical research suggests that high-fibre diets can significantly reduce the incidence of CRC, whilst the consumption of high-fat diets, high-protein diets, red meat, and processed meat is high-risk factors for tumorigenesis. Fibre is a regulator of intestinal microflora and metabolism and is thus a key dietary component for maintaining intestinal health. Intestinal microbes are closely linked to CRC, with the growth of certain microbiota (such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, or Bacteroides fragilis) favouring carcinogenesis, whilst the dominant microbiota population of the intestine, such as Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria, have multiple mechanisms of antitumour activity. Various dietary components have direct effects on the types of intestinal microflora: in the Western diet mode (high-fat, high-protein, and red meat), the proportion of conditional pathogens in the intestinal flora increases, the proportion of commensal bacteria decreases, and the occurrence of colorectal cancer is promoted. Conversely, a high-fibre diet can increase the abundance of Firmicutes and reduce the abundance of Bacteroides and consequently increase the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the intestine, inhibiting the development of CRC. This article reviews the study of the relationship between diet, intestinal microbes, and the promotion or inhibition of CRC and analyses the relevant molecular mechanisms to provide ideas for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Sánchez-Blanco C, Amusquivar E, Bispo K, Herrera E. Dietary fish oil supplementation during early pregnancy in rats on a cafeteria-diet prevents fatty liver in adult male offspring. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 123:546-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Desmoulins L, Chrétien C, Paccoud R, Collins S, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Galinier A, Liénard F, Quinault A, Grall S, Allard C, Fenech C, Carneiro L, Mouillot T, Fournel A, Knauf C, Magnan C, Fioramonti X, Pénicaud L, Leloup C. Mitochondrial Dynamin-Related Protein 1 (DRP1) translocation in response to cerebral glucose is impaired in a rat model of early alteration in hypothalamic glucose sensing. Mol Metab 2018; 20:166-177. [PMID: 30553770 PMCID: PMC6358535 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hypothalamic glucose sensing (HGS) initiates insulin secretion (IS) via a vagal control, participating in energy homeostasis. This requires mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) signaling, dependent on mitochondrial fission, as shown by invalidation of the hypothalamic DRP1 protein. Here, our objectives were to determine whether a model with a HGS defect induced by a short, high fat-high sucrose (HFHS) diet in rats affected the fission machinery and mROS signaling within the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). Methods Rats fed a HFHS diet for 3 weeks were compared with animals fed a normal chow. Both in vitro (calcium imaging) and in vivo (vagal nerve activity recordings) experiments to measure the electrical activity of isolated MBH gluco-sensitive neurons in response to increased glucose level were performed. In parallel, insulin secretion to a direct glucose stimulus in isolated islets vs. insulin secretion resulting from brain glucose stimulation was evaluated. Intra-carotid glucose load-induced hypothalamic DRP1 translocation to mitochondria and mROS (H2O2) production were assessed in both groups. Finally, compound C was intracerebroventricularly injected to block the proposed AMPK-inhibited DRP1 translocation in the MBH to reverse the phenotype of HFHS fed animals. Results Rats fed a HFHS diet displayed a decreased HGS-induced IS. Responses of MBH neurons to glucose exhibited an alteration of their electrical activity, whereas glucose-induced insulin secretion in isolated islets was not affected. These MBH defects correlated with a decreased ROS signaling and glucose-induced translocation of the fission protein DRP1, as the vagal activity was altered. AMPK-induced inhibition of DRP1 translocation increased in this model, but its reversal through the injection of the compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, failed to restore HGS-induced IS. Conclusions A hypothalamic alteration of DRP1-induced fission and mROS signaling in response to glucose was observed in HGS-induced IS of rats exposed to a 3 week HFHS diet. Early hypothalamic modifications of the neuronal activity could participate in a primary defect of the control of IS and ultimately, the development of diabetes. Only three weeks of HFHS diet consumption impairs hypothalamic glucose sensing. HFHS consumption alters central glucose-induced vagal control of insulin secretion. Glucose-induced ROS production and mitochondrial fission are decreased in HFHS rats. Impaired translocation of DRP1in HFHS rats does not involve its phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Desmoulins
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Chloé Chrétien
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Romain Paccoud
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Stephan Collins
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Céline Cruciani-Guglielmacci
- CNRS UMR 8251, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, Paris, France; Department of Physiology, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
| | - Anne Galinier
- STROMALab, UMR CNRS 5273, EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Fabienne Liénard
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Aurore Quinault
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Sylvie Grall
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Camille Allard
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Claire Fenech
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Lionel Carneiro
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Thomas Mouillot
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, hôpital du Bocage, Dijon, France.
| | - Audren Fournel
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Claude Knauf
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM U1220, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Christophe Magnan
- CNRS UMR 8251, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, Paris, France.
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; UMR 1286, NutriNeuro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Luc Pénicaud
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Corinne Leloup
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR CNRS 6265, INRA 1324, AgroSup, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
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da Silveira CG, Di Domenico M, Hilário Nascimento Saldiva P, Ramos Rhoden C. Subchronic air pollution exposure increases highly palatable food intake, modulates caloric efficiency and induces lipoperoxidation. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:370-380. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1530317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gamalho da Silveira
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marlise Di Domenico
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez R, Miralpeix C, Fosch A, Pozo M, Calderón-Domínguez M, Perpinyà X, Vellvehí M, López M, Herrero L, Serra D, Casals N. CPT1C in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus is necessary for brown fat thermogenesis activation in obesity. Mol Metab 2018; 19:75-85. [PMID: 30448371 PMCID: PMC6323189 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C) is implicated in central regulation of energy homeostasis. Our aim was to investigate whether CPT1C in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) is involved in the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in the early stages of diet-induced obesity. METHODS CPT1C KO and wild type (WT) mice were exposed to short-term high-fat (HF) diet feeding or to intracerebroventricular leptin administration and BAT thermogenesis activation was evaluated. Body weight, adiposity, food intake, and leptinemia were also assayed. RESULTS Under 7 days of HF diet, WT mice showed a maximum activation peak of BAT thermogenesis that counteracted obesity development, whereas this activation was impaired in CPT1C KO mice. KO animals evidenced higher body weight, adiposity, hyperleptinemia, ER stress, and disrupted hypothalamic leptin signaling. Leptin-induced BAT thermogenesis was abolished in KO mice. These results indicate an earlier onset leptin resistance in CPT1C KO mice. Since AMPK in the VMH is crucial in the regulation of BAT thermogenesis, we analyzed if CPT1C was a downstream factor of this pathway. Genetic inactivation of AMPK within the VMH was unable to induce BAT thermogenesis and body weight loss in KO mice, indicating that CPT1C is likely downstream AMPK in the central mechanism modulating thermogenesis within the VMH. Quite opposite, the expression of CPT1C in the VMH restored the phenotype. CONCLUSION CPT1C is necessary for the activation of BAT thermogenesis driven by leptin, HF diet exposure, and AMPK inhibition within the VMH. This study underscores the importance of CPT1C in the activation of BAT thermogenesis to counteract diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Cristina Miralpeix
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Anna Fosch
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Macarena Pozo
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - María Calderón-Domínguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Perpinyà
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Bellaterra), Spain
| | - Miquel Vellvehí
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Bellaterra), Spain
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Santamarina AB, Jamar G, Mennitti LV, de Rosso VV, Cesar HC, Oyama LM, Pisani LP. The Use of Juçara ( Euterpe edulis Mart.) Supplementation for Suppression of NF-κB Pathway in the Hypothalamus after High-Fat Diet in Wistar Rats. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071814. [PMID: 30037112 PMCID: PMC6100376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with modern diets that are rich in saturated fatty acids. These dietary patterns are linked to low-grade proinflammatory mechanisms, such as the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway rapidly activated through high-fat diets. Juçara is a berry rich in anthocyanins and unsaturated fatty acids, which prevents obesity and associated comorbidities. We evaluated the effect of different doses of freeze-dried juçara pulp on NF-κB pathway after the consumption of short-term high-fat diet. Male Wistar rats with ad libitum access to food and water were divided into four groups: Control diet (C), high-fat diet (HFC), high-fat diet with 0.25% juçara (HFJ 0.25%), and high-fat diet with 0.5% juçara (HFJ 0.5%). Energy intake and body weight gain were increased in HFC and HFJ 0.5% groups compared to C group. The hypothalamus weight reduced in the HFC group compared to C and HFJ 0.25% groups. Cytokines, MYD88, TRAF6, and pNF-κBp50 levels in the hypothalamus, serum triacylglycerol, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), and free fatty acid levels were improved in the HFJ 0.25% group. In summary, the HFJ 0.25% group had better protective effects than those in the HFJ 0.5%. Therefore, 0.25% juçara can be used to protect against central inflammation through the high-fat diet-induced NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Boveto Santamarina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Jamar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil.
| | - Laís Vales Mennitti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil.
| | - Veridiana Vera de Rosso
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil.
| | - Helena Cassia Cesar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil.
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Pellegrini Pisani
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE); Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim, 136, Térreo, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo 11015-020, Brazil.
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Cavaliere G, Viggiano E, Trinchese G, De Filippo C, Messina A, Monda V, Valenzano A, Cincione RI, Zammit C, Cimmino F, Catapano A, Sessa F, Messina G, Monda M, Crispino M, Mollica MP. Long Feeding High-Fat Diet Induces Hypothalamic Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, and Prolonged Hypothalamic AMPK Activation in Rat Animal Model. Front Physiol 2018; 9:818. [PMID: 30034345 PMCID: PMC6043859 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope: The hypothalamus is a key brain region involved in the control of feeding and energy expenditure. Hypothalamic inflammation and oxidative stress are landmarks of both obesity and aging processes, although the molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, with the aim to understand the neurobiological mechanisms of energy homeostasis during aging, we evaluate the effects of long feeding high-fat diet (HFD) in rats, at different age, on modulation of hypothalamic molecular pathway, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Procedures: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control group, receiving standard diet (CD), and treated group, receiving HFD. Both groups were treated with the appropriate diet for 1, 3, 6, 12, or 18 weeks. We investigated energy balance and body composition, as well as lipid profile, homeostatic model assessment index, and inflammatory state in serum. Furthermore, we also analyzed, at hypothalamic level, inflammation and oxidative stress, and adenosine monophosphate-dependent kinase (AMPK) and pAMPK expression levels. Results: Our data showed that aging and HFD induce increased energy intake and energy efficiency and decreased energy expenditure associated, at hypothalamic level, with inflammation and oxidative stress and activation of AMPK. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the age at which HFD feeding starts and the diet duration are critical in obesity development. The prolonged activation of hypothalamic AMPK may be related to the alterations in energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Viggiano
- Section of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Prenatal Medicine, ULSS6 Euganea, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Chiara De Filippo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Raffaele I Cincione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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de Mello AH, Schraiber RB, Goldim MPS, Garcez ML, Gomes ML, de Bem Silveira G, Zaccaron RP, Schuck PF, Budni J, Silveira PCL, Petronilho F, Rezin GT. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Attenuate Brain Alterations in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Model. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:513-24. [PMID: 29728888 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of omega-3 on inflammation, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism parameters in the brain of mice subjected to high-fat diet-induced obesity model. Body weight and visceral fat weight were evaluated as well. Male Swiss mice were divided into control (purified low-fat diet) and obese (purified high-fat diet). After 6 weeks, the groups were divided into control + saline, control + omega-3, obese + saline, and obese + OMEGA-3. Fish oil (400 mg/kg/day) or saline solution was administrated orally, during 4 weeks. When the experiment completed 10 weeks, the animals were euthanized and the brain and visceral fat were removed. The brain structures (hypothalamus, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and striatum) were isolated. Treatment with omega-3 had no effect on body weight, but reduced the visceral fat. Obese animals showed increased inflammation, increased oxidative damage, decreased antioxidant enzymes activity and levels, changes in the Krebs cycle enzyme activities, and inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in the brain structures. Omega-3 treatment partially reversed the changes in the inflammatory and in the oxidative damage parameters and attenuated the alterations in the antioxidant defense and in the energy metabolism (Krebs cycle and mitochondrial respiratory chain). Omega-3 had a beneficial effect on the brain of obese animals, as it partially reversed the changes caused by the consumption of a high-fat diet and consequent obesity. Our results support studies that indicate omega-3 may contribute to obesity treatment.
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de Mello AH, Uberti MF, de Farias BX, de Souza NAR, Rezin GT. n-3 PUFA and obesity: from peripheral tissues to the central nervous system. Br J Nutr. 2018;119:1312-1323. [PMID: 29580307 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518000429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current paradigms of prevention and treatment are unable to curb obesity rates, which indicates the need to explore alternative therapeutic approaches. Obesity leads to several damages to the body and is an important risk factor for a number of other chronic diseases. Furthermore, despite the first alterations in obesity being observed and reported in peripheral tissues, studies indicate that obesity can also cause brain damage. Obesity leads to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, and the therapeutic manipulation of inflammation can be explored. In this context, the use of n-3 PUFA (especially in the form of fish oil, rich in EPA and DHA) may be an interesting strategy, as this substance is known by its anti-inflammatory effect and numerous benefits to the body, such as reduction of TAG, cardiac arrhythmias, blood pressure and platelet aggregation, and has shown potential to help treat obesity. Thereby, the aim of this narrative review was to summarise the literature related to n-3 PUFA use in obesity treatment. First, the review provides a brief description of the obesity pathophysiology, including alterations that occur in peripheral tissues and at the central nervous system. In the sequence, we describe what are n-3 PUFA, their sources and their general effects. Finally, we explore the main topic linking obesity and n-3 PUFA. Animal and human studies were included and alterations on the whole organism were described (peripheral tissues and brain).
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Jin H, Yan C, Xiao T, Yan N, Xu J, Zhou L, Zhou X, Shao Q, Xia S. High fish oil diet promotes liver inflammation and activates the complement system. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6852-6858. [PMID: 29512716 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) fish oil (FO) have beneficial effects in obesity‑associated metabolic disease. However, contradictory roles in inflammatory disease intervention have been reported. Our previous work revealed that a high‑FO diet promoted myeloid cell differentiation by modifying the bone marrow microenvironment; however, its effects on liver inflammation and complement system activation remain unknown. By performing ELISA, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry and histology on mice fed with high‑FO and low‑fat diets, the present study demonstrated that a 4‑week high‑FO diet promoted liver inflammation in mice without affecting body or liver weight. The livers of high‑FO diet mice exhibited increased infiltration of T cells and CD11b+ Gr‑1+ myeloid cells. Additionally, a higher level of IL‑1β and MCP‑1 mRNA expression was detected, suggesting that the high‑FO diet promoted liver inflammation. Further experiments indicated that the high‑FO diet increased the total hemolytic complement activity (CH50), promoted the production of the membrane attack complex and increased the levels of various complement proteins in vivo, including complement components C3, C4b, C1qb and factor B. Furthermore, higher concentrations of triglyceride were detected in the peripheral blood of high‑FO diet mice, indicating the potential protective roles of n‑3 PUFAs in FO against lipotoxicity in hyperlipidemia. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that high FO intake induced inflammation and activated the complement system in the liver. However, further study is required to determine the exact mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Tengfei Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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Schaalan MF, Ramadan BK, Abd Elwahab AH. Synergistic effect of carnosine on browning of adipose tissue in exercised obese rats; a focus on circulating irisin levels. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5044-5057. [PMID: 29236301 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The recent appreciation of the energy burning capacity of brown adipose tissue turns it to an attractive target for anti-obesity therapy. We sought to evaluate the effect of L-carnosine on browning of white adipose tissue in exercised obese rats. Sixty adult male Wistar albino rats, 7-8 week-old weighing 130-150 g, were allocated into six groups; with 10 rats in each, for an experimentation period of 12 weeks: (i) normal control rats fed a standard fat diet (SFD/control), (ii) normal control rats fed a standard diet and injected with L-carnosine (250 mg/kg, i.p,) for 6 weeks (SFD/CAR), (iii) high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats for 12 weeks, (iv) HFD rats subjected to exercise training (HFD/EXE) for 6 weeks, (v) HFD rats injected with L-carnosine (250 mg/kg,i.p.) for 6 weeks (HFD/CAR) and, (vi) HFD rats subjected to exercise training and L-carnosine (HFD/EXE/CAR). At the end of the 12-week-experiment, the body weights and the serum levels of lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers as well as circulating myokines were investigated. Gastrocnemius muscles and inguinal adipose tissues were excised for the measurement of gene expression of muscle irisin, adipose tissue uncoupling protein1 (UCP1), CD137 and the protein level of p38MAPK. In addition, histopathological examination for the studied groups was performed. Both exercise training for 6 weeks and carnosine treatment significantly decreased body weight gain, ameliorated obesity-induced dyslipidemia, reduced the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and TNF-α, while increased total antioxidant capacity and IL-10. Furthermore, increases in serum irisin levels and the expression of adipose uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), adipose CD137, p38 MAPK, and muscular fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5(FNDC5), the precursor of irisin gene expression, were correlated with these carnosine- and exercise-induced physiological improvements. The highest improvement was evident in the combined exercise and carnosine group which indicates that their beneficial effects in obese animals were synergistic. These findings suggest that L-carnosine may induce browning of adipose tissue through irisin stimulation, a phenomenon that could be related to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona F Schaalan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma K Ramadan
- Faculty of Medicine for Girls (Cairo), Department of Physiology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza H Abd Elwahab
- Faculty of Medicine for Girls (Cairo), Department of Physiology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the so-called westernized diseases and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. On the basis of global epidemiological and scientific studies, evidence suggests that the risk of colorectal cancer is increased by processed and unprocessed meat consumption but suppressed by fibre, and that food composition affects colonic health and cancer risk via its effects on colonic microbial metabolism. The gut microbiota can ferment complex dietary residues that are resistant to digestion by enteric enzymes. This process provides energy for the microbiota but culminates in the release of short-chain fatty acids including butyrate, which are utilized for the metabolic needs of the colon and the body. Butyrate has a remarkable array of colonic health-promoting and antineoplastic properties: it is the preferred energy source for colonocytes, it maintains mucosal integrity and it suppresses inflammation and carcinogenesis through effects on immunity, gene expression and epigenetic modulation. Protein residues and fat-stimulated bile acids are also metabolized by the microbiota to inflammatory and/or carcinogenic metabolites, which increase the risk of neoplastic progression. This Review will discuss the mechanisms behind these microbial metabolite effects, which could be modified by diet to achieve the objective of preventing colorectal cancer in Western societies.
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