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Alcantara JMA, Jurado-Fasoli L, Dote-Montero M, Merchan-Ramirez E, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Labayen I, Ruiz JR, Sanchez-Delgado G. Impact of methods for data selection on the day-to-day reproducibility of resting metabolic rate assessed with four different metabolic carts. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:2179-2188. [PMID: 37586924 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Accomplishing a high day-to-day reproducibility is important to detect changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) that may be produced after an intervention or for monitoring patients' metabolism over time. We aimed to analyze: (i) the influence of different methods for selecting indirect calorimetry data on RMR and RER assessments; and, (ii) whether these methods influence RMR and RER day-to-day reproducibility. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-eight young adults accomplished 4 consecutive RMR assessments (30-min each), using the Q-NRG (Cosmed, Rome, Italy), the Vyntus CPX (Jaeger-CareFusion, Höchberg, Germany), the Omnical (Maastricht Instruments, Maastricht, The Netherlands), and the Ultima CardiO2 (Medgraphics Corporation, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) carts, on 2 consecutive mornings. Three types of methods were used: (i) short (periods of 5 consecutive minutes; 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-25, and 26-30 min) and long time intervals (TI) methods (6-25 and 6-30 min); (ii) steady state (SSt methods); and, (iii) methods filtering the data by thresholding from the mean RMR (filtering methods). RMR and RER were similar when using different methods (except RMR for the Vyntus and RER for the Q-NRG). Conversely, using different methods impacted RMR (all P ≤ 0.037) and/or RER (P ≤ 0.009) day-to-day reproducibility in all carts. The 6-25 min and the 6-30 min long TI methods yielded more reproducible measurements for all metabolic carts. CONCLUSION The 6-25 min and 6-30 min should be the preferred methods for selecting data, as they result in the highest day-to-day reproducibility of RMR and RER assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M A Alcantara
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Food Chain Development, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, s/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Jurado-Fasoli
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - M Dote-Montero
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - E Merchan-Ramirez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - F J Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - I Labayen
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Food Chain Development, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, s/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - J R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - G Sanchez-Delgado
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue N Porte 6, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Zdzieblik D, Friesenborg H, Gollhofer A, König D. Effect of a High Fat Diet vs. High Carbohydrate Diets With Different Glycemic Indices on Metabolic Parameters in Male Endurance Athletes: A Pilot Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:802374. [PMID: 35479739 PMCID: PMC9037589 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.802374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Consuming low glycemic carbohydrates leads to an increased muscle fat utilization and preservation of intramuscular glycogen, which is associated with improved flexibility to metabolize either carbohydrates or fats during endurance exercise. The purpose of this trial was to investigate the effect of a 4-week high fat low carbohydrate (HFLC-G: ≥65% high glycemic carbohydrates per day; n = 9) vs. high carbohydrate low glycemic (LGI-G: ≥65% low glycemic carbohydrates daily; n = 10) or high glycemic (HGI-G: ≥65% fat, ≤ 50 g carbohydrates daily; n = 9) diet on fat and carbohydrate metabolism at rest and during exercise in 28 male athletes. Changes in metabolic parameters under resting conditions and during cycle ergometry (submaximal and with incremental workload) from pre- to post-intervention were determined by lactate diagnostics and measurements of the respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Additionally, body composition and perceptual responses to the diets [visual analog scale (VAS)] were measured. A significance level of α = 0.05 was considered. HFLC-G was associated with markedly decreased lactate concentrations during the submaximal (−0.553 ± 0.783 mmol/l, p = 0.067) and incremental cycle test [−5.00 ± 5.71 (mmol/l) × min; p = 0.030] and reduced RER values at rest (−0.058 ± 0.108; p = 0.146) during the submaximal (−0.078 ± 0.046; p = 0.001) and incremental cycle test (−1.64 ± 0.700 RER × minutes; p < 0.001). In the HFLC-G, fat mass (p < 0.001) decreased. In LGI-G lactate, concentrations decreased in the incremental cycle test [−6.56 ± 6.65 (mmol/l) × min; p = 0.012]. In the LGI-G, fat mass (p < 0.01) and VAS values decreased, indicating improved levels of gastrointestinal conditions and perception of effort during training. The main findings in the HGI-G were increased RER (0.047 ± 0.076; p = 0.117) and lactate concentrations (0.170 ± 0.206 mmol/l, p = 0.038) at rest. Although the impact on fat oxidation in the LGI-G was not as pronounced as following the HFLC diet, the adaptations in the LGI-G were consistent with an improved metabolic flexibility and additional benefits regarding exercise performance in male athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Zdzieblik
- Department for Nutrition, Institute for Sports and Sports Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hilke Friesenborg
- Department for Nutrition, Institute for Sports and Sports Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Albert Gollhofer
- Department for Nutrition, Institute for Sports and Sports Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel König
- Centre for Sports Science and University Sports, Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Levy SB, Klimova TM, Zakharova RN, Fedorov AI, Fedorova VI, Baltakhinova ME, Bondy M, Atallah D, Thompson-Vasquez J, Dong K, Debertine A, Leonard WR. Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis among young adults in northeastern Siberia and Midwest United States and its relationship with other biological adaptations to cold climates. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23723. [PMID: 35156253 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent research suggests that brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a functional role in non-shivering thermogenesis; however, few studies have examined population variation in BAT or its relationship with other mechanisms of adaptation to cold stress. This study characterized BAT thermogenesis and other adaptive responses to low temperatures among Indigenous Siberian young adults and young adults living near Chicago, IL. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 72 Yakut participants (42 females; 30 males) and 54 participants in Evanston, IL (40 females; 14 males). Anthropometric dimensions and resting metabolic rate (RMR) were measured, and we calculated percent divergence in RMR from expected values (divRMR). We also quantified change in supraclavicular temperature, sternum temperature, and energy expenditure after a mild cooling condition. RESULTS Participants in Yakutia were less likely to shiver during the cooling condition (p < .05) and exhibited significantly greater evidence of BAT thermogenesis, warmer sternum temperatures, and higher divRMR than participants in Evanston (p < .05). Additionally, the relationship between change in supraclavicular temperature and energy expenditure differed between the two samples. CONCLUSIONS Yakut young adults displayed greater evidence of BAT thermogenesis in response to mild cooling compared with young adults living near Chicago, IL. Furthermore, the relationship between BAT thermogenesis and change in energy expenditure appears to be stronger among Yakut adults. Adults that exhibited greater metabolic response to cold stress, such as higher BAT thermogenesis and divRMR, maintained warmer sternum temperatures. These results highlight the degree to which adaptation to cold climates involves multiple integrated biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Levy
- Department of Anthropology, CUNY Hunter College, New York City, New York, USA.,New York Consortium in Evolution Primatology, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Tatiana M Klimova
- North-Eastern Federal University named M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Russia.,Yakutsk Scientific Center for Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Raisa N Zakharova
- North-Eastern Federal University named M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Madison Bondy
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dania Atallah
- College of Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Kaylin Dong
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne Debertine
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - William R Leonard
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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4
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Argent R, Hetherington-Rauth M, Stang J, Tarp J, Ortega FB, Molina-Garcia P, Schumann M, Bloch W, Cheng S, Grøntved A, Brønd JC, Ekelund U, Sardinha LB, Caulfield B. Recommendations for Determining the Validity of Consumer Wearables and Smartphones for the Estimation of Energy Expenditure: Expert Statement and Checklist of the INTERLIVE Network. Sports Med 2022; 52:1817-1832. [PMID: 35260991 PMCID: PMC9325806 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumer wearables and smartphone devices commonly offer an estimate of energy expenditure (EE) to assist in the objective monitoring of physical activity to the general population. Alongside consumers, healthcare professionals and researchers are seeking to utilise these devices for the monitoring of training and improving human health. However, the methods of validation and reporting of EE estimation in these devices lacks rigour, negatively impacting on the ability to make comparisons between devices and provide transparent accuracy. OBJECTIVES The Towards Intelligent Health and Well-Being Network of Physical Activity Assessment (INTERLIVE) is a joint European initiative of six universities and one industrial partner. The network was founded in 2019 and strives towards developing best-practice recommendations for evaluating the validity of consumer wearables and smartphones. This expert statement presents a best-practice validation protocol for consumer wearables and smartphones in the estimation of EE. METHODS The recommendations were developed through (1) a systematic literature review; (2) an unstructured review of the wider literature discussing the potential factors that may introduce bias during validation studies; and (3) evidence-informed expert opinions from members of the INTERLIVE network. RESULTS The systematic literature review process identified 1645 potential articles, of which 62 were deemed eligible for the final dataset. Based on these studies and the wider literature search, a validation framework is proposed encompassing six key domains for validation: the target population, criterion measure, index measure, testing conditions, data processing and the statistical analysis. CONCLUSIONS The INTERLIVE network recommends that the proposed protocol, and checklists provided, are used to standardise the testing and reporting of the validation of any consumer wearable or smartphone device to estimate EE. This in turn will maximise the potential utility of these technologies for clinicians, researchers, consumers, and manufacturers/developers, while ensuring transparency, comparability, and replicability in validation. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO ID: CRD42021223508.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Argent
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Megan Hetherington-Rauth
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Julie Stang
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jakob Tarp
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Pablo Molina-Garcia
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Moritz Schumann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany ,Exercise Translational Medicine Centre, the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sulin Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany ,Exercise Translational Medicine Centre, the Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, and Exercise, Health and Technology Centre, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China ,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jan Christian Brønd
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Luis B. Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Brian Caulfield
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Farmer BC, Williams HC, Devanney NA, Piron MA, Nation GK, Carter DJ, Walsh AE, Khanal R, Young LEA, Kluemper JC, Hernandez G, Allenger EJ, Mooney R, Golden LR, Smith CT, Brandon JA, Gupta VA, Kern PA, Gentry MS, Morganti JM, Sun RC, Johnson LA. APOΕ4 lowers energy expenditure in females and impairs glucose oxidation by increasing flux through aerobic glycolysis. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:62. [PMID: 34488832 PMCID: PMC8420022 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral glucose hypometabolism is consistently observed in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as well as in young cognitively normal carriers of the Ε4 allele of Apolipoprotein E (APOE), the strongest genetic predictor of late-onset AD. While this clinical feature has been described for over two decades, the mechanism underlying these changes in cerebral glucose metabolism remains a critical knowledge gap in the field. Methods Here, we undertook a multi-omic approach by combining single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and stable isotope resolved metabolomics (SIRM) to define a metabolic rewiring across astrocytes, brain tissue, mice, and human subjects expressing APOE4. Results Single-cell analysis of brain tissue from mice expressing human APOE revealed E4-associated decreases in genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, particularly in astrocytes. This shift was confirmed on a metabolic level with isotopic tracing of 13C-glucose in E4 mice and astrocytes, which showed decreased pyruvate entry into the TCA cycle and increased lactate synthesis. Metabolic phenotyping of E4 astrocytes showed elevated glycolytic activity, decreased oxygen consumption, blunted oxidative flexibility, and a lower rate of glucose oxidation in the presence of lactate. Together, these cellular findings suggest an E4-associated increase in aerobic glycolysis (i.e. the Warburg effect). To test whether this phenomenon translated to APOE4 humans, we analyzed the plasma metabolome of young and middle-aged human participants with and without the Ε4 allele, and used indirect calorimetry to measure whole body oxygen consumption and energy expenditure. In line with data from E4-expressing female mice, a subgroup analysis revealed that young female E4 carriers showed a striking decrease in energy expenditure compared to non-carriers. This decrease in energy expenditure was primarily driven by a lower rate of oxygen consumption, and was exaggerated following a dietary glucose challenge. Further, the stunted oxygen consumption was accompanied by markedly increased lactate in the plasma of E4 carriers, and a pathway analysis of the plasma metabolome suggested an increase in aerobic glycolysis. Conclusions Together, these results suggest astrocyte, brain and system-level metabolic reprogramming in the presence of APOE4, a ‘Warburg like’ endophenotype that is observable in young females decades prior to clinically manifest AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-021-00483-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C Farmer
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Holden C Williams
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nicholas A Devanney
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Margaret A Piron
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Grant K Nation
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - David J Carter
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Adeline E Walsh
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Rebika Khanal
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Lyndsay E A Young
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jude C Kluemper
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Gabriela Hernandez
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Allenger
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Rachel Mooney
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Lesley R Golden
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Cathryn T Smith
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - J Anthony Brandon
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Vedant A Gupta
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Philip A Kern
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Matthew S Gentry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Josh M Morganti
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ramon C Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lance A Johnson
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, UKMC/MS 609, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. .,Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Cheever SM, Kramer PA, Morgan SJ, Hafner BJ. Effect of standing and sitting positions on energy expenditure in people with transtibial amputation compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Prosthet Orthot Int 2021; 45:262-267. [PMID: 33856154 DOI: 10.1097/pxr.0000000000000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy expenditure (EE) is often greater in people with lower-limb amputation, compared with healthy controls, because of the biomechanical compensations needed to walk with a prosthesis. Compensatory movements are required to stand with a prosthesis; however, little is known about whether standing with a prosthesis also requires greater EE. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to examine the effect of standing and sitting positions on EE in people with transtibial amputation and matched controls. STUDY DESIGN This is a secondary analysis. METHODS Energy expenditure data from people with unilateral, transtibial amputation because of nondysvascular causes were compared with data from age- and sex-matched controls without amputation. Energy expenditure was defined as the mean volumetric rate of oxygen consumed over the last 2 of 5 minutes in each position and measured with a portable breath-by-breath metabolic analyzer. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine the effects of position (sitting and standing) and group (amputation and control) on EE. RESULTS A significant interaction effect indicated participants with amputation showed a significantly greater increase in standing EE relative to sitting EE (26.2%) than did controls (13.4%). Simple main effects showed EE in standing was significantly greater than EE in sitting for both groups, but there were no significant differences in EE between groups during sitting or standing. CONCLUSIONS Energy expenditure in standing, when measured relative to EE in sitting, is significantly greater in people with amputation. This result indicates that additional energy may be required to maintain an upright position with a lower-limb prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Cheever
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Sara J Morgan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Brian J Hafner
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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7
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Kuster RP, Hagströmer M, Baumgartner D, Grooten WJA. Concurrent and discriminant validity of ActiGraph waist and wrist cut-points to measure sedentary behaviour, activity level, and posture in office work. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:345. [PMID: 33579254 PMCID: PMC7881682 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sedentary Behaviour (SB) gets an increasing attention from ergonomics and public health due to its associated detrimental health effects. A large number of studies record SB with ActiGraph counts-per-minute cut-points, but we still lack valid information about what the cut-points tell us about office work. This study therefore analysed the concurrent and discriminant validity of commonly used cut-points to measure SB, activity level, and posture. Methods Thirty office workers completed four office tasks at three workplaces (conventional chair, activity-promoting chair, and standing desk) while wearing two ActiGraphs (waist and wrist). Indirect calorimetry and prescribed posture served as reference criteria. Generalized Estimation Equations analysed workplace and task effects on the activity level and counts-per-minute, and kappa statistics and ROC curves analysed the cut-point validity. Results The activity-promoting chair (p < 0.001, ES ≥ 0.66) but not the standing desk (p = 1.0) increased the activity level, and both these workplaces increased the waist (p ≤ 0.003, ES ≥ 0.63) but not the wrist counts-per-minute (p = 0.74) compared to the conventional chair. The concurrent and discriminant validity was higher for activity level (kappa: 0.52–0.56 and 0.38–0.45, respectively) than for SB and posture (kappa ≤0.35 and ≤ 0.19, respectively). Furthermore, the discriminant validity for activity level was higher for task effects (kappa: 0.42–0.48) than for workplace effects (0.13–0.24). Conclusions ActiGraph counts-per-minute for waist and wrist placement were – independently of the chosen cut-point – a measure for activity level and not for SB or posture, and the cut-points performed better to detect task effects than workplace effects. Waist cut-points were most valid to measure the activity level in conventional seated office work, but they showed severe limitations for sit-stand desks. None of the placements was valid to detect the increased activity on the activity-promoting chair. Caution should therefore be paid when analysing the effect of workplace interventions on activity level with ActiGraph waist and wrist cut-points. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10387-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman P Kuster
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,IMES Institute of Mechanical Systems, School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Hagströmer
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Theme Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Baumgartner
- IMES Institute of Mechanical Systems, School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Wilhelmus J A Grooten
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Perrone M, Mallardi D, Tabasso C, Bracco B, Menis C, Piemontese P, Amato O, Liotto N, Roggero P, Mosca F. The indirect calorimetry in very low birth weight preterm infants: An easier and reliable procedure. Nutrition 2021; 86:111180. [PMID: 33676329 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preterm infants are at increased risk of developing extrauterine growth restriction, which is associated with worse health outcomes. The energy needs are not well known, as the measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE) using indirect calorimetry has critical issues when applied to infants. One of the main issues is the time required to obtain reliable data owing to the difficulty in keeping infants quiet during the entire examination. Thus, the aim of this study was to define the minimum duration of calorimetry to obtain reliable data. METHODS The volume of oxygen consumption (VO2) and the volume of carbon dioxide production (VCO2) were recorded for a mean duration of 90 consecutive minutes. REE was calculated using a neonatal prototype calculator. We extracted data regarding VO2, VCO2, and REE at 10(T1), 20(T2), 30(T3), 40(T4), and 50(T5) minutes of steady state and compared these data to those of entire steady state period. RESULTS Twenty-six very low birth weight preterm infants were evaluated at 36.58 ± 0.99 wk corrected age. Infants were appropriate for gestational age and clinically stable without comorbidities. There were no significant differences between mean VO2 and REE at T1 (8.26 ± 1.45 mL/kg to 57.80 ± 10.51 kcal/kg), T2 (8.15 ± 1.41 mL/kg to 56.87 ± 10.05 kcal/kg), T3 (8.04 ± 1.41 mL/kg to 56.32 ± 9.73 kcal/kg), T4 (8.05 ± 1.41 mL/kg to 56.07 ± 10.28 kcal/kg), and T5 (8.06 ± 1.55 mL/kg to 57.17 ± 11.62 kcal/kg), respectively, compared to steady state (8.13 ± 1.33 mL/kg to 56.77 ± 9.34 kcal/kg). The median values of VCO2 were significantly different only when T1 data were compared with other time slots (7.02 ± 1.02 mL/kg at steady state; 7.26 ± 1.23 mL/kg at T1; 7.13 ± 1.20 mL/kg at T2; 7.02 ± 1.19 mL/kg at T3; 6.85 ± 1.16 mL/kg at T4; 6.91 ± 1.24 mL/kg at T5). CONCLUSION Twenty consecutive minutes in steady state condition are sufficient to obtain reliable data on REE in stable, very low birth weight infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Perrone
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Domenica Mallardi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Tabasso
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bracco
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Menis
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Pasqua Piemontese
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Orsola Amato
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Liotto
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Roggero
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Freire R, Alcantara JMA, Hausen M, Itaborahy A. The estimation of the resting metabolic rate is affected by the method of gas exchange data selection in high-level athletes. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 41:234-41. [PMID: 33487270 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS there is no consensus in the literature about the best method to estimate the RMR in a high-level athlete's cohort. Additionally, a shortening protocol may allow researchers, nutritionists, and clinicians to follow the RMR across the season and to propose better nutritional interventions, but this kind of protocol was not proposed in this cohort yet. Thus, this study aims to analyze the effect of the method of gas exchange data selection upon the RMR estimate and, possibly propose a shortening protocol with a valid and accurate RMR value. METHODS Eighty-three healthy high-level athletes underwent a 30-minute RMR measurement with no rest period before the test. Different methods of gas exchange data selection were used: short and long time intervals (TI) [6-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-25, 26-30, 6-25, or 6-30], Steady State (SS) with 3, 4, 5, or 10 min period length, and Filtering (low, medium, and high). Single and multiple linear regressions were used to examine the variance in the RMR provided by each method of gas exchange data selection. RESULTS The High Filter method provided the lowest RMR estimate (1854 kcal.day-1), and most methods presented a mean absolute difference of ~43 kcal.day-1 from the High Filter method. There were no differences in RER among methods (F = 2.01, p = 0.10). Besides, twenty minutes of gas exchange measurement was necessary to obtain a valid and accurate RMR with no rest period before the test. The linear regression model that included sex, lean body mass, and fat mass better explained the variance in the RMR using the high filter method (~88%). CONCLUSIONS The High Filter provided the lowest RMR value. Furthermore, a 20-minute protocol estimated a valid and accurate RMR value with no acclimation period before the measurement in high-level athletes.
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Yeung SSY, Trappenburg MC, Meskers CGM, Maier AB, Reijnierse EM. The use of a portable metabolic monitoring device for measuring RMR in healthy adults. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:1229-40. [PMID: 32174287 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520001014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective measurement of RMR may be important for optimal nutritional care but is hindered by the price and practicality of the metabolic monitoring device. This study compared two metabolic monitoring devices for measuring RMR and VO2 and compared the measured RMR with the predicted RMR calculated from equations. RMR was measured using QUARK RMR (reference device) and Fitmate GS (COSMED) in a random order for 30 min, each on fasted participants. In total, sixty-eight adults participated (median age 22 years, interquartile range 21-32). Pearson correlation showed that RMR (r 0·86) and VO2 (r 0·86) were highly correlated between the two devices (P < 0·05). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) showed good relative agreements regarding RMR (ICC = 0·84) and VO2 (ICC = 0·84) (P < 0·05). RMR measured by QUARK RMR was significantly higher (649 (sd 753) kJ/d) than Fitmate GS. Equations significantly overpredicted RMR. Accurate RMR (i.e. within ±10 % of the RMR measured by QUARK RMR) was found among 38 % of the participants for Fitmate GS and among 46-68 % depending on the equations. Bland-Altman analysis showed a low absolute agreement with QUARK RMR at an individual level for both Fitmate GS (limits of agreement (LOA): -828 to +2125 kJ/d) and equations (LOA ranged from -1979 to +1879 kJ/d). In conclusion, both Fitmate GS and predictive equations had low absolute agreements with QUARK RMR at an individual level. Therefore, these limitations should be considered when determining RMR using Fitmate GS or equations.
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Sackner MA, Lopez JR, Banderas V, Adams JA. Can Physical Activity While Sedentary Produce Health Benefits? A Single-Arm Randomized Trial. Sports Med Open 2020; 6:47. [PMID: 33006749 PMCID: PMC7532252 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Sedentary time poses a risk to health. Substituting physical activity for inactivity is obvious but this requires a behavior change. Interventions advocated to decrease uninterrupted physical inactivity (defined as Metabolic Equivalent of Task (METS) less than 1.5) are important. One such intervention is accomplished with the Gentle Jogger (GJ), a low risk motorized wellness device which produces effortless, rapid motion of the lower extremities simulating locomotion or fidgeting. GJ produces health benefits in type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure. The purpose of this trial was to ascertain whether GJ increases METS above 1.5 to explain its effectiveness despite sedentary behavior or whether tapping is responsible. Methods A randomized single-arm trial was conducted. Subjects were randomized to begin the study in either the supine or seated postures and on the same day crossed over with the starting posture reversed. Oxygen consumption was measured at rest and during GJ. Results Twenty-six subjects were studied (15 women and 11 men) with a mean age of 44 ± 15 years and BMI 27.9 ± 5.0, 19 were overweight or obese, and 7 had normal BMI. GJ increased oxygen consumption and METS 15% in the seated posture and 13% in the supine posture. No individual receiving GJ achieved METS exceeding 1.5. Conclusions In a moderately obese population, GJ in seated or supine posture did not exceed 1.5 METS. The values are comparable to those reported for sit-stand interventions and cannot explain the health benefits of GJ. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03602365. Registered on July 26, 2018
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose R Lopez
- Mt. Sinai Medical Center of Greater Miami, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | | | - Jose A Adams
- Mt. Sinai Medical Center of Greater Miami, Miami Beach, FL, USA.
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Crawford CK, Akins JD, Vardarli E, Wolfe AS, Coyle EF. Prolonged standing reduces fasting plasma triglyceride but does not influence postprandial metabolism compared to prolonged sitting. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228297. [PMID: 32023313 PMCID: PMC7001955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged periods of sedentary behavior are linked to cardiometabolic disease independent of exercise and physical activity. This study examined the effects of posture by comparing one day of sitting (14.4 ± 0.3 h) to one day of standing (12.2 ± 0.1 h) on postprandial metabolism the following day. Eighteen subjects (9 men, 9 women; 24 ± 1 y) completed two trials (sit or stand) in a crossover design. The day after prolonged sitting or standing the subjects completed a postprandial high fat/glucose tolerance test, during which blood and expired gas was collected immediately before and hourly for 6 h after the ingestion of the test meal. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure substrate oxidation while plasma samples were analyzed for triglyceride, glucose, and insulin concentrations. Standing resulted in a lower fasting plasma triglyceride concentration (p = 0.021) which was primarily responsible for an 11.3% reduction in total area under the curve (p = 0.022) compared to sitting. However, no difference between trials in incremental area under the curve for plasma triglycerides was detected (p>0.05). There were no differences in substrate oxidation, plasma glucose concentration, or plasma insulin concentration (all p>0.05). These data demonstrate that 12 h of standing compared to 14 h of sitting has a small effect the next day by lowering fasting plasma triglyceride concentration, and this contributed to a 11.3% reduction in postprandial plasma triglyceride total area under the curve (p = 0.022) compared to sitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K. Crawford
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - John D. Akins
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Emre Vardarli
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Anthony S. Wolfe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Edward F. Coyle
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Popp CJ, Butler M, Curran M, Illiano P, Sevick MA, St-Jules DE. Evaluating steady-state resting energy expenditure using indirect calorimetry in adults with overweight and obesity. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2220-2226. [PMID: 31669004 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining a period of steady state (SS) is recommended when estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) using a metabolic cart. However, this practice may be unnecessarily burdensome and time-consuming in the research setting. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of SS criteria, and compare it to alternative approaches in adults with overweight and obesity. METHODS In this cross-sectional, ancillary analysis, participants enrolled in a bariatric (study 1; n = 13) and lifestyle (study 2; n = 51) weight loss intervention were included. Indirect calorimetry was performed during baseline measurements using a metabolic cart for 25 min, including a 5-min stabilization period at the start. SS was defined as the first 5-min period with a coefficient of variation (CV) ≤10% for both VO2 and VCO2 (hereafter REE5-SS). Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis in study 2 participants only. REE5-SS was compared against the lowest CV (REECV-lowest), 5-min time intervals (REE6-10, REE11-15, REE16-20, REE21-25), 4-min and 3-min SS intervals (REE4-SS and REE3-SS), and time intervals of 6-15, 6-20 and 6-25 min (REE6-15, REE6-20, and REE6-25) using repeated measures ANOVA and Bland-Altman analysis to test for bias, limits of agreement and accuracy (±6% measured REE). RESULTS Participants were 54 ± 13 years old, mostly women (75%) and had a BMI of 35 ± 5 kg/m2. Overall, 54/63 (84%) of participants reached REE5-SS, often (47/54, 87%) within the first 10-min (6-15 min). Alternative approaches to estimating REE had a relatively low bias (-16 to 13 kcals), narrow limits of agreement and high accuracy (83-98%) when compared to REE5-SS, in particular, outperforming standard prediction equations (e.g., Mifflin St. Joer). CONCLUSION Indirect calorimetry measurements that utilize the 5-min SS approach to estimate REE are considered the gold-standard. Under circumstances of non-SS, it appears 4-min and 3-min SS periods, or fixed time intervals of atleast 5 min are accurate and practical alternatives for estimating REE in adults with overweight and obesity. However, future trials should validate alternative methods in similar populations to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Popp
- Department of Population Health, New York University, USA.
| | - M Butler
- Department of Population Health, New York University, USA
| | - M Curran
- Department of Population Health, New York University, USA
| | - P Illiano
- Department of Population Health, New York University, USA
| | - M A Sevick
- Department of Population Health, New York University, USA; Department of Medicine, New York University, USA
| | - D E St-Jules
- Department of Population Health, New York University, USA
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Borges JH, Guerra-Júnior G, Gonçalves EM. Methods for data analysis of resting energy expenditure measured using indirect calorimetry. Nutrition 2019; 59:44-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Kuster RP, Huber M, Hirschi S, Siegl W, Baumgartner D, Hagströmer M, Grooten W. Measuring Sedentary Behavior by Means of Muscular Activity and Accelerometry. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18114010. [PMID: 30453605 PMCID: PMC6263709 DOI: 10.3390/s18114010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary Behavior (SB) is among the most frequent human behaviors and is associated with a plethora of serious chronic lifestyle diseases as well as premature death. Office workers in particular are at an increased risk due to their extensive amounts of occupational SB. However, we still lack an objective method to measure SB consistent with its definition. We have therefore developed a new measurement system based on muscular activity and accelerometry. The primary aim of the present study was to calibrate the new-developed 8-CH-EMG+ for measuring occupational SB against an indirect calorimeter during typical desk-based office work activities. In total, 25 volunteers performed nine office tasks at three typical workplaces. Minute-by-minute posture and activity classification was performed using subsequent decision trees developed with artificial intelligence data processing techniques. The 8-CH-EMG+ successfully identified all sitting episodes (AUC = 1.0). Furthermore, depending on the number of electromyography channels included, the device has a sensitivity of 83–98% and 74–98% to detect SB and active sitting (AUC = 0.85–0.91). The 8-CH-EMG+ advances the field of objective SB measurements by combining accelerometry with muscular activity. Future field studies should consider the use of EMG sensors to record SB in line with its definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman P Kuster
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institute of Mechanical Systems, School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland.
| | - Mirco Huber
- Institute of Energy Systems and Fluid Engineering, School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland.
| | - Silas Hirschi
- Institute of Energy Systems and Fluid Engineering, School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland.
| | - Walter Siegl
- Institute of Energy Systems and Fluid Engineering, School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Baumgartner
- Institute of Mechanical Systems, School of Engineering, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Hagströmer
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Function Area Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Wim Grooten
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Function Area Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Brugniaux JV, Coombs GB, Barak OF, Dujic Z, Sekhon MS, Ainslie PN. Highs and lows of hyperoxia: physiological, performance, and clinical aspects. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R1-R27. [PMID: 29488785 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00165.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen (O2) is a vital element in human survival and plays a major role in a diverse range of biological and physiological processes. Although normobaric hyperoxia can increase arterial oxygen content ([Formula: see text]), it also causes vasoconstriction and hence reduces O2 delivery in various vascular beds, including the heart, skeletal muscle, and brain. Thus, a seemingly paradoxical situation exists in which the administration of oxygen may place tissues at increased risk of hypoxic stress. Nevertheless, with various degrees of effectiveness, and not without consequences, supplemental oxygen is used clinically in an attempt to correct tissue hypoxia (e.g., brain ischemia, traumatic brain injury, carbon monoxide poisoning, etc.) and chronic hypoxemia (e.g., severe COPD, etc.) and to help with wound healing, necrosis, or reperfusion injuries (e.g., compromised grafts). Hyperoxia has also been used liberally by athletes in a belief that it offers performance-enhancing benefits; such benefits also extend to hypoxemic patients both at rest and during rehabilitation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of hyperoxia in humans from the "bench to bedside." The first section will focus on the basic physiological principles of partial pressure of arterial O2, [Formula: see text], and barometric pressure and how these changes lead to variation in regional O2 delivery. This review provides an overview of the evidence for and against the use of hyperoxia as an aid to enhance physical performance. The final section addresses pathophysiological concepts, clinical studies, and implications for therapy. The potential of O2 toxicity and future research directions are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geoff B Coombs
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia , Kelowna, British Columbia , Canada
| | - Otto F Barak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zeljko Dujic
- Department of Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Mypinder S Sekhon
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia , Kelowna, British Columbia , Canada.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia , Kelowna, British Columbia , Canada
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McLeod KJ, Jain T. Postural Hypotension and Cognitive Function in Older Adults. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2017; 3:2333721417733216. [PMID: 28979924 PMCID: PMC5617084 DOI: 10.1177/2333721417733216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cognitive decline in the elderly is associated with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. While many forms of exercise can slow or reverse cognitive decline, compliance in unsupervised exercise programs is poor. Objective: We address whether passive exercise, that is, muscle stimulation, is capable of reversing postural hypotension in an older adult population sufficiently to significantly improve cognitive function as measured by executive function tests. Subjects and Methods: In this study, 50- to 80-year-old women underwent cognitive testing, long-duration cardiac hemodynamic recordings during quiet sitting, and 60 min of soleus muscle stimulation with continued hemodynamic recording. Results: Two thirds of our subjects were hypotensive (diastolic blood pressure [DBP] < 70 mmHg) after 30 min of quiet sitting. Cognitive performance was significantly better in individuals with higher DBPs (0.79 s per 1-mmHg increase in DBP). Soleus muscle stimulation resulted in an average increase in DBP of 6.1 mmHg, which could translate into a 30% or greater improvement in cognitive performance. Conclusions: Incongruent Stroop testing provides high statistical power for distinguishing differential cognitive responses to resting DBP levels. These results set the stage to investigate whether regular use of calf muscle pump stimulation could effectively reverse age-related cognitive impairment.
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