1
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Liu F, Kou Q, Li H, Cao Y, Chen M, Meng X, Zhang Y, Wang T, Wang H, Zhang D, Yang Y. Discovery of YFJ-36: Design, Synthesis, and Antibacterial Activities of Catechol-Conjugated β-Lactams against Gram-Negative Bacteria. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6705-6725. [PMID: 38596897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cefiderocol is the first approved catechol-conjugated cephalosporin against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, while its application was limited by poor chemical stability associated with the pyrrolidinium linker, moderate potency against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii, intricate procedures for salt preparation, and potential hypersensitivity. To address these issues, a series of novel catechol-conjugated derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Extensive structure-activity relationships and structure-metabolism relationships (SMR) were conducted, leading to the discovery of a promising compound 86b (Code no. YFJ-36) with a new thioether linker. 86b exhibited superior and broad-spectrum in vitro antibacterial activity, especially against A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae, compared with cefiderocol. Potent in vivo efficacy was observed in a murine systemic infection model. Furthermore, the physicochemical stability of 86b in fluid medium at pH 6-8 was enhanced. 86b also reduced potential the risk of allergy owing to the quaternary ammonium linker. The improved properties of 86b supported its further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qunhuan Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangzhi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yinyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Sichuan Primed Bio-Tech Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yushe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Tagorti G, Yalçın B, Güneş M, Burgazlı AY, Kuruca T, Cihanoğlu N, Akarsu E, Kaya N, Marcos R, Kaya B. Alcohol-free synthesis, biological assessment, in vivo toxicological evaluation, and in silico analysis of novel silane quaternary ammonium compounds differing in structure and chain length as promising disinfectants. J Hazard Mater 2024; 466:133470. [PMID: 38246053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are commonly used as disinfectants for industrial, medical, and residential applications. However, adverse health outcomes have been reported. Therefore, biocompatible disinfectants must be developed to reduce these adverse effects. In this context, QACs with various alkyl chain lengths (C12-C18) were synthesized by reacting QACs with the counterion silane. The antimicrobial activities of the novel compounds against four strains of microorganisms were assessed. Several in vivo assays were conducted on Drosophila melanogaster to determine the toxicological outcomes of Si-QACs, followed by computational analyses (molecular docking, simulation, and prediction of skin sensitization). The in vivo results were combined using a cheminformatics approach to understand the descriptors responsible for the safety of Si-QAC. Si-QAC-2 was active against all tested bacteria, with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 13.65 to 436.74 ppm. Drosophila exposed to Si-QAC-2 have moderate-to-low toxicological outcomes. The molecular weight, hydrophobicity/lipophilicity, and electron diffraction properties were identified as crucial descriptors for ensuring the safety of the Si-QACs. Furthermore, Si-QAC-2 exhibited good stability and notable antiviral potential with no signs of skin sensitization. Overall, Si-QAC-2 (C14) has the potential to be a novel disinfectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Tagorti
- Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Burçin Yalçın
- Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Merve Güneş
- Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Tuğçe Kuruca
- Department of Chemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Esin Akarsu
- Department of Chemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nuray Kaya
- Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Bülent Kaya
- Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
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3
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Rath S, Sen S. Protocol for aqueous synthesis of bioactive quaternary ammonium betaine derivatives under blue LED. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102890. [PMID: 38341848 PMCID: PMC10867440 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds exhibit diverse applications as antibiotics, as surfactants, in paper industries, in sewage treatment, and in aquaculture. Here, we present a protocol for synthesizing a library of bioactive quaternary ammonium betaine derivatives under blue LED in water. We describe steps for preparing diazo compounds, synthesizing glycine betaine derivatives, and isolating pure final compounds via precipitation from an aqueous reaction mixture. This protocol promotes a sustainable approach by using water as the reaction medium and room temperature reactions. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Rath et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Rath
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Deemed to be University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Chithera, Dadri, UP 201310, India
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Deemed to be University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Chithera, Dadri, UP 201310, India.
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4
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Raps S, Bahr L, Karkossa I, Rossol M, von Bergen M, Schubert K. Triclosan and its alternatives, especially chlorhexidine, modulate macrophage immune response with distinct modes of action. Sci Total Environ 2024; 914:169650. [PMID: 38159774 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Since European regulators restricted the use of bacteriocidic triclosan (TCS), alternatives for TCS are emerging. Recently, TCS has been shown to reprogram immune metabolism, trigger the NLRP3 inflammasome, and subsequently the release of IL-1β in human macrophages, but data on substitutes is scarce. Hence, we aimed to examine the effects of TCS compared to its alternatives at the molecular level in human macrophages. LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages were exposed to TCS or its substitutes, including benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, chloroxylenol, chlorhexidine (CHX) and cetylpyridinium chloride, with the inhibitory concentration (IC10-value) of cell viability to decipher their mode of action. TCS induced the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF and high level of IL-1β, suggesting the activation of the NLRP3-inflammasome, which was confirmed by non-apparent IL-1β under the NLRP3-inhibitor MCC950 treatment d. While IL-6 release was reduced in all treatments, the alternative CHX completely abolished the release of all investigated cytokines. To unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms, we used untargeted LC-MS/MS-based proteomics. TCS and CHX showed the strongest cellular response at the protein and signalling pathway level, whereby pathways related to metabolism, translation, cellular stress and migration were mainly affected but to different proposed modes of action. TCS inhibited mitochondrial electron transfer and affected phagocytosis. In contrast, in CHX-treated cells, the translation was arrested due to stress conditions, resulting in the formation of stress granules. Mitochondrial (e.g. ATP5F1D, ATP5PB, UQCRQ) and ribosomal (e.g. RPL10, RPL35, RPS23) proteins were revealed as putative key drivers. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the formation of podosomes by CHX, potentially involved in ECM degradation. Our results exhibit modulation of the immune response in macrophages by TCS and its substitutes and illuminated underlying molecular effects. These results illustrate critical processes involved in the modulation of macrophages' immune response by TCS and its alternatives, providing information essential for hazard assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Raps
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Bahr
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabel Karkossa
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manuela Rossol
- Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
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Obe T, Kiess AS, Nannapaneni R. Antimicrobial Tolerance in Salmonella: Contributions to Survival and Persistence in Processing Environments. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:578. [PMID: 38396546 PMCID: PMC10886206 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella remains a top bacterial pathogen implicated in several food-borne outbreaks, despite the use of antimicrobials and sanitizers during production and processing. While these chemicals have been effective, Salmonella has shown the ability to survive and persist in poultry processing environments. This can be credited to its microbial ability to adapt and develop/acquire tolerance and/or resistance to different antimicrobial agents including oxidizers, acids (organic and inorganic), phenols, and surfactants. Moreover, there are several factors in processing environments that can limit the efficacy of these antimicrobials, thus allowing survival and persistence. This mini-review examines the antimicrobial activity of common disinfectants/sanitizers used in poultry processing environments and the ability of Salmonella to respond with innate or acquired tolerance and survive exposure to persists in such environments. Instead of relying on a single antimicrobial agent, the right combination of different disinfectants needs to be developed to target multiple pathways within Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Obe
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Aaron S. Kiess
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Ramakrishna Nannapaneni
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762, USA;
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6
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Nițescu V, Lescaie A, Boghițoiu D, Ulmeanu C. Benzalkonium Chloride Poisoning in Pediatric Patients: Report of Case with a Severe Clinical Course and Literature Review. Toxics 2024; 12:139. [PMID: 38393234 PMCID: PMC10893421 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The use of disinfectants, particularly those containing quaternary ammonium compounds (QUACs), has dramatically escalated globally since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We report a case that highlights the risks associated with ingesting low-concentration QUAC solutions and emphasize the importance of effective management in resolving severe lesions without sequelae. A 17-month-old boy experienced severe respiratory failure after ingesting a disinfectant containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC). The child was initially treated at a local emergency department and was subsequently transferred to a pediatric poison center. Upon evaluation, the child was found to have grade III-A corrosive esophageal lesions and chemical pneumonitis. Several complications, including massive pneumothorax and candidemia, occurred during the clinical course of the disease. However, with timely medical intervention and appropriate supportive care, the patient completely recovered without any long-term sequelae. The properties of BAC and the comprehensive management approach may have been responsible for the patient's full recovery, despite the potentially life-threatening effects of ingesting disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorela Nițescu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.L.); (D.B.); (C.U.)
- “Grigore Alexandrescu” Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, 017443 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Lescaie
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.L.); (D.B.); (C.U.)
- “Grigore Alexandrescu” Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, 017443 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dora Boghițoiu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.L.); (D.B.); (C.U.)
- “Grigore Alexandrescu” Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, 017443 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coriolan Ulmeanu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.L.); (D.B.); (C.U.)
- “Grigore Alexandrescu” Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, 017443 Bucharest, Romania
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7
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Wu Y, Yang J, Zhuang SY, Yu SB, Zong Y, Liu YY, Wu G, Qi QY, Wang H, Tian J, Zhou W, Ma D, Zhang DW, Li ZT. Macrocycles and Acyclic Cucurbit[ n]urils as Pseudo[2]catenane Partners for Long-Acting Neuromuscular Blocks and Rapid Reversal In Vivo. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2176-2187. [PMID: 38284525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Long-acting neuromuscular blocks followed by rapid reversal may provide prolonged surgeries with improved conditions by omitting repetitive or continuous administration of the neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA), eliminating residual neuromuscular block and minimizing postoperative recovery, which, however, is not clinically available. Here, we demonstrate that imidazolium-based macrocycles (IMCs) and acyclic cucurbit[n]urils (ACBs) can form such partners by functioning as long-acting NMBAs and rapid reversal agents through a pseudo[2]catenation mechanism based on stable complexation with Ka values of over 109 M-1. In vivo experiments with rats reveal that, at the dose of 2- and 3-fold ED90, one IMC attains a duration of action corresponding to 158 or 442 min for human adults, covering most of prolonged surgeries. The block can be reversed by one ACB with recovery time significantly shorter than that achieved by sugammadex for reversing the block of rocuronium, the clinically most widely used intermediate-acting NMBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Sheng-Yi Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shang-Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue-Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Qi
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jia Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Da Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Dan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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Meier P, Clement P, Altenried S, Reina G, Ren Q, Züst R, Enger O, Choi F, Nestle N, Deisenroth T, Neubauer P, Wick P. Quaternary ammonium-based coating of textiles is effective against bacteria and viruses with a low risk to human health. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20556. [PMID: 37996620 PMCID: PMC10667359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
While the global healthcare system is slowly recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic, new multi-drug-resistant pathogens are emerging as the next threat. To tackle these challenges there is a need for safe and sustainable antiviral and antibacterial functionalized materials. Here we develop an 'easy-to-apply' procedure for the surface functionalization of textiles, rendering them antiviral and antibacterial and assessing the performance of these textiles. A metal-free quaternary ammonium-based coating was applied homogeneously and non-covalently to hospital curtains. Abrasion, durability testing, and aging resulted in little change in the performance of the treated textile. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative antibacterial assays on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumanii revealed excellent antibacterial activity with a CFU reduction of 98-100% within only 4 h of exposure. The treated curtain was aged 6 months before testing. Similarly, the antiviral activity tested according to ISO-18184 with murine hepatitis virus (MHV) showed > 99% viral reduction with the functionalized curtain. Also, the released active compounds of the coating 24 ± 5 µg mL-1 revealed no acute in vitro skin toxicity (IC50: 95 µg mL-1) and skin sensitization. This study emphasizes the potential of safe and sustainable metal-free textile coatings for the rapid antiviral and antibacterial functionalization of textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Meier
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Clement
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Altenried
- Biointerfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Reina
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Qun Ren
- Biointerfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Roland Züst
- Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP, Spiez Laboratory, 3700, Spiez, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Enger
- Technology Scouting & Incubation, BASF Schweiz AG, 4005, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francis Choi
- BASF Corporation, 1609 Biddle Avenue, Wyandotte, MI, 48192, USA
| | - Nikolaus Nestle
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Ted Deisenroth
- Formulation Research, BASF Corporation, 500 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, TU Berlin, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Wick
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Park JE, Ryu SH, Ito S, Song MK, Gu EJ, Shin H, Kim YH, Jeon J. Bioaccumulation and in vivo fate of toxic benzylalkyldimethylammonium chloride in rats via the radiotracer analysis. Chemosphere 2023; 338:139460. [PMID: 37437624 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Benzylalkyldimethylammonium chloride (BAC), a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), is utilized in industrial and biomedical applications for antimicrobial purposes. Since the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, various types of BAC-containing household chemicals have been produced. BACs have several adverse effects; however, their biological uptake, translocation, and excretion in animal models (essential for better understanding in vivo behavior and toxicological impact) remain unclear. In this study, we performed the first biodistribution and whole-body imaging studies of BAC in male Sprague Dawley rats, using two different administration routes. Quantitative whole-body autoradiography (QWBA) data obtained for intranasal 14C-labeled BAC ([14C]C12-BAC) exposure showed substantial uptake values for the respiratory organs (e.g. 346 ng g-1 of lung at 3 h post administration) and the radiotracer was transported to other internal organs. The amount of radiotracer in the heart, adrenal gland, and pancreas were 198, 1410, and 186 ng g-1 tissue respectively at 168 h following exposure. Autoradiograms obtained after intravenous injection also showed high accumulation and slow excretion in these organs. The cumulative excretion analysis revealed that approximately 6.4% of the administered radioactivity remained in rats after a week. The results indicated that continuous inhalation exposure to BAC leads to potential toxic effects in extrapulmonary organs and the respiratory tract. Thus, the radiolabeling method utilized may help assess various synthetic QACs in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Ryu
- Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Hwangyong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Satoshi Ito
- Drug Development Solutions Center, Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd., 2117 Muramatsu, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1182, Japan
| | - Mi-Kyung Song
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Gu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunil Shin
- KRCC Co., Ltd, 193 Chenggyesan-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06802, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kim
- Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Hwangyong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongho Jeon
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Taj Z, Rasool MH, Khurshid M, Aslam B, Qamar MU. Insights into the Intersection of Biocide Resistance, Efflux Pumps, and Sequence Types in Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: A Multicenter Study. Pathogens 2023; 12:899. [PMID: 37513746 PMCID: PMC10383717 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii, a pathogenic bacterium acquired in hospitals, causes diverse infections in humans. Previous studies have reported resistance among A. baumannii strains, potentially selecting multi-drug-resistant variants. In Pakistan, research has primarily focused on carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) strains, overlooking the investigation of efflux pumps (EPs) and biocide resistance. This study aims to assess A. baumannii strains from five hospitals in Pakistan, focusing on antibiotic and biocide susceptibility, the impact of EP inhibitors on antimicrobial susceptibility, and the distribution of ARGs and STs. A total of 130 non-repeated Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were collected from five tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan and identified using API 20NE and multiplex PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing utilized disc diffusion and broth microdilution assays, while biocide susceptibility was assessed with various agents. The impact of an efflux pump inhibitor (NMP) on antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated. PCR screening for ARGs and EPGs was followed by DNA sequencing validation. MLST was performed using the Pasteur scheme. Most isolates demonstrated resistance to tested antibiotics, with varying levels of susceptibility to biocides. All isolates exhibited the intrinsic class D β-lactamase blaOXA-51, while acquired blaOXA-23 was present in all CRAB isolates. Among EPs, adeJ, abeD, amvA, and aceI were prevalent in almost all isolates, with adeB found in 93% of isolates and adeG, adeT1, adeT2, and qacEΔ1 displaying lower prevalence ranging from 65% to 79%. The most common STs were ST589 and ST2, accounting for 28.46% and 25.38% of isolates, respectively, followed by ST642 at 12.6%. These findings indicate that A. baumannii strains in Pakistan are resistant to antibiotics (excluding colistin and tigecycline) and may be developing biocide resistance, which could contribute to the selection and dissemination of multi-drug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Taj
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hidayat Rasool
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Qamar
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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11
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Belova L, Poma G, Roggeman M, Jeong Y, Kim DH, Berghmans P, Peters J, Salamova A, van Nuijs ALN, Covaci A. Identification and characterization of quaternary ammonium compounds in Flemish indoor dust by ion-mobility high-resolution mass spectrometry. Environ Int 2023; 177:108021. [PMID: 37307605 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are a class of surfactants commonly used in disinfecting and cleaning products. Their use has substantially increased during the COVID-19 pandemic leading to increasing human exposure. QACs have been associated with hypersensitivity reactions and an increased risk of asthma. This study introduces the first identification, characterization and semi-quantification of QACs in European indoor dust using ion-mobility high-resolution mass spectrometry (IM-HRMS), including the acquisition of collision cross section values (DTCCSN2) for targeted and suspect QACs. A total of 46 indoor dust samples collected in Belgium were analyzed using target and suspect screening. Targeted QACs (n = 21) were detected with detection frequencies ranging between 4.2 and 100 %, while 15 QACs showed detection frequencies > 90 %. Semi-quantified concentrations of individual QACs showed a maximum of 32.23 µg/g with a median ∑QAC concentration of 13.05 µg/g and allowed the calculation of Estimated Daily Intakes for adults and toddlers. Most abundant QACs matched the patterns reported in indoor dust collected in the United States. Suspect screening allowed the identification of 17 additional QACs. A dialkyl dimethyl ammonium compound with mixed chain lengths (C16:C18) was characterized as a major QAC homologue with a maximum semi-quantified concentration of 24.90 µg/g. The high detection frequencies and structural variabilities observed call for more European studies on potential human exposure to these compounds. For all targeted QACs, drift tube IM-HRMS derived collision cross section values (DTCCSN2) are reported. Reference DTCCSN2 values allowed the characterization of CCS-m/z trendlines for each of the targeted QAC classes. Experimental CCS-m/z ratios of suspect QACs were compared with the CCS-m/z trendlines. The alignment between the two datasets served as an additional confirmation of the assigned suspect QACs. The use of the 4bit multiplexing acquisition mode with consecutive high-resolution demultiplexing confirmed the presence of isomers for two of the suspect QACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Belova
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Yunsun Jeong
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Division for Environmental Health, Korea Environment Institute (KEI), Sicheong-daero 370, Sejong 30147, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Berghmans
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Jan Peters
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Amina Salamova
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Aubry L, Vallion R, Salman S, Damiens MH, Ferret PJ, Kerdine-Römer S. Ethylhexadecyldimethylammonium bromide, a quaternary ammonium compound, controls inflammatory response through NRF2 pathway in a human immortalized keratinocyte cell line. Front Toxicol 2023; 5:1132020. [PMID: 37089166 PMCID: PMC10117438 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1132020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Many everyday products contain quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) and some of them are known to be skin irritants such as benzalkonium chloride. Others, such as didecyldimethylammonium chloride, have been shown to cause allergic contact dermatitis. Ethylhexadecyldimethylammonium bromide (EHD) is a QAC for which sensitization potential is not clearly known. Therefore, we have studied its mechanism in human keratinocytes (KC), the main cells of the epidermis. We used the well-described human KC cell line KERTr exposed to EHD, cinnamaldehyde (CinA), a well-known skin sensitizer, and a mixture of both. Since chemical sensitizers are known to activate the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2), leading to cellular detoxification and suppressed proinflammatory cytokines, protein or mRNA expression of NRF2 pathway-related enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines were investigated by Western blot and RT-qPCR. The activity of the NRF2 pathway on inflammation was studied by RT-qPCR in NRF2-invalidated KERTr cells. We showed that EHD cannot induce the NRF2 pathway, unlike contact sensitizers like CinA. EHD triggers an inflammatory response by inducing the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β or IL-6. Moreover, mixing EHD and CinA inhibits the effect of CinA on NRF2 expression and mitigates the inflammatory response induced by EHD alone. EHD treatment of KERTr cells in which NRF2 has been invalidated showed an exacerbation of the inflammatory response at the transcriptional level. Hence, EHD may elicit an inflammatory response in KC via the NF-κB pathway, which could lead to irritation when applied to the skin. This inflammation is negatively controlled by the basal activity of the NRF2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Aubry
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation microbiome immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
| | - Romain Vallion
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation microbiome immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
| | - Sara Salman
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation microbiome immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Damiens
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation microbiome immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
| | | | - Saadia Kerdine-Römer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation microbiome immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
- *Correspondence: Saadia Kerdine-Römer,
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