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Liang B, Yan T, Wei H, Zhang D, Li L, Liu Z, Li W, Zhang Y, Jiang N, Meng Q, Jiang G, Hu Y, Leng J. HERVK-mediated regulation of neighboring genes: implications for breast cancer prognosis. Retrovirology 2024; 21:4. [PMID: 38388382 PMCID: PMC10885364 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-024-00636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are the remnants of ancient retroviral infections integrated into the human genome. Although most HERVs are silenced or rendered inactive by various regulatory mechanisms, they retain the potential to influence the nearby genes. We analyzed the regulatory map of 91 HERV-Ks on neighboring genes in human breast cancer and investigated the impact of HERV-Ks on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and prognosis of breast cancer. Nine RNA-seq datasets were obtained from GEO and NCBI SRA. Differentially expressed genes and HERV-Ks were analyzed using DESeq2. Validation of high-risk prognostic candidate genes using TCGA data. These included Overall survival (multivariate Cox regression model), immune infiltration analysis (TIMER), tumor mutation burden (maftools), and drug sensitivity analysis (GSCA). A total of 88 candidate genes related to breast cancer prognosis were screened, of which CD48, SLAMF7, SLAMF1, IGLL1, IGHA1, and LRRC8A were key genes. Functionally, these six key genes were significantly enriched in some immune function-related pathways, which may be associated with poor prognosis for breast cancer (p = 0.00016), and the expression levels of these genes were significantly correlated with the sensitivity of breast cancer treatment-related drugs. Mechanistically, they may influence breast cancer development by modulating the infiltration of various immune cells into the TME. We further experimentally validated these genes to confirm the results obtained from bioinformatics analysis. This study represents the first report on the regulatory potential of HERV-K in the neighboring breast cancer genome. We identified three key HERV-Ks and five neighboring genes that hold promise as novel targets for future interventions and treatments for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boying Liang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Tengyue Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Huilin Wei
- School of Institute of Life Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Die Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lanxiang Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zengjing Liu
- Genomic Experimental Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wen Li
- Genomic Experimental Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuluan Zhang
- Genomic Experimental Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Nili Jiang
- School of Institute of Life Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuxia Meng
- Genomic Experimental Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guiyang Jiang
- Genomic Experimental Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
- School of Institute of Life Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
- Genomic Experimental Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Jing Leng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Nanning, China.
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De Virgilio A, Veneroni MV, Costantino A, Festa BM, Fiamengo B, Sebastiani D, Spriano G, Di Tommaso L. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor-associated macrophages as potential predictors of lymph node metastases in major salivary gland cancers. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1163565. [PMID: 37465638 PMCID: PMC10350643 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1163565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to define if tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) could represent potential predictors of lymph node metastases (LNM) in salivary gland cancers (SGC). Methods A selected number of immunohistochemical markers related to TILs (CD3, CD4, CD68, and FOXP3) and TAMs (CD68 and CD163) were investigated on major salivary gland cancers. TIL and TAM densities were measured on digital images using the open-source QuPath both in the tumor interior (TI) and invasive margin (IM). Correlation with pathologic N classification and follow-up clinical data was investigated. Results A total of 25 consecutive patients (men: 11; median age: 62.0) were included. Densities of CD3+ IM (OR = 7.7, 95% CI 1.2-51.2), CD8+ TI (OR = 7.7, 95% CI 1.2-51.2), CD8+ IM (OR = 7.7, 95% CI 1.2-51.2), FOXP3+ TI (OR = 24.0, 95% CI 2.2-255.9), CD68+ TI (OR = 7.7, 95% CI 1.2-51.2), and CD163+ IM (OR = 7.7, 95% CI 1.2 - 51.2), and the Immunoscore CD8/CD3 (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.4) were significantly associated with LNM (p < 0.05). CD3+ TI density was significantly associated with tumor recurrence and death (HR = 5.8, 95% CI 1.5-22.6; p < 0.05). Conclusion A high density of specific TIL and TAM subpopulations might be correlated with a higher probability of LNM in SGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando De Virgilio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Costantino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Festa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Barbara Fiamengo
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Daniela Sebastiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spriano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Luca Di Tommaso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
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Veneroni MV, Festa BM, Costantino A, Spriano G, Mercante G, De Virgilio A, Di Tommaso L. Prognostic Impact of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Its Predictive Role in Salivary Gland Cancer. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:515-527. [PMID: 36723850 PMCID: PMC10293532 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, many studies have investigated the role of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in carcinogenesis, highlighting its relation to both tumor regression and progression. In particular, the "inflammatory system", made of innate and adaptive immune cells, interacts with cancer cells and their surrounding stroma. In this setting, the aim of this review is to summarize the current literature regarding the TIME of major salivary gland carcinomas (MSGCs), with particular attention on the characteristics and prognostic role of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), the mechanisms that lead to TILs exhaustion and the important additional immune infiltrating factors that help SGC progression or remission. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed concerning published articles on the role of TIME in MSGCs. RESULTS In this work we summarize the advancing knowledge on TIME in SGCs by demonstrating the key prognostic and/or predictive value of specific immune features. CONCLUSION From the analysis of the current 'status of the art' it clearly emerges a need for precise, unambiguous phenotyping of immune cell populations, as well as a more thorough understanding of the frequencies and interactions of multiple immune cell types inside the TIME and their spatial localization (intratumoral vs. stromal).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Veneroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Festa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Andrea Costantino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spriano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mercante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Armando De Virgilio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy.
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, MI, Italy.
| | - Luca Di Tommaso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, MI, Italy
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Mat Lazim N, Yousaf A, Abusalah MAH, Sulong S, Mohd Ismail ZI, Mohamud R, Abu-Harirah HA, AlRamadneh TN, Hassan R, Abdullah B. The Epigenesis of Salivary Glands Carcinoma: From Field Cancerization to Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072111. [PMID: 37046772 PMCID: PMC10093474 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) are a diverse collection of malignant tumors with marked differences in biological activity, clinical presentation and microscopic appearance. Although the etiology is varied, secondary radiation, oncogenic viruses as well as chromosomal rearrangements have all been linked to the formation of SGCs. Epigenetic modifications may also contribute to the genesis and progression of SGCs. Epigenetic modifications are any heritable changes in gene expression that are not caused by changes in DNA sequence. It is now widely accepted that epigenetics plays an important role in SGCs development. A basic epigenetic process that has been linked to a variety of pathological as well as physiological conditions including cancer formation, is DNA methylation. Transcriptional repression is caused by CpG islands hypermethylation at gene promoters, whereas hypomethylation causes overexpression of a gene. Epigenetic changes in SGCs have been identified, and they have been linked to the genesis, progression as well as prognosis of these neoplasms. Thus, we conduct a thorough evaluation of the currently known evidence on the involvement of epigenetic processes in SGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhafiza Mat Lazim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Anam Yousaf
- Department of Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Centre, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mai Abdel Haleem Abusalah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Al-Zarqa 13132, Jordan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sarina Sulong
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zul Izhar Mohd Ismail
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hashem A. Abu-Harirah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Al-Zarqa 13132, Jordan
| | - Tareq Nayef AlRamadneh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Al-Zarqa 13132, Jordan
| | - Rosline Hassan
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Baharudin Abdullah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Gerdabi S, Asadian F, Kiani R, Khademi B, Haghshenas MR, Erfani N. Simultaneous Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in Peripheral and Central Immune Cells and Tumor Cells in the Benign and Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors Microenvironment. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:178-192. [PMID: 36169795 PMCID: PMC10063728 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the differential expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in salivary gland tumors (SGTs, malignant and benign subtypes) and determine their association with the clinicopathological characterization of the patients. METHODS The immunohistochemistry was used to examine PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in specimens from 83 patients with primary SGTs including salivary ductal carcinoma (SDC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), acinic cell carcinoma (ACC), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), warthin's tumors (WT), poleomorphic adenoma (PA) and other subtypes. RESULTS The expression of PD-1 in peripheral and central immune cells (ICs) of MEC, and peripheral ICs of ACC was significantly higher than those with AdCC (P = 0.02, P = 0.02, P = 0.03, respectively). Interestingly, the expression of PD-1 was also observed in peripheral and central malignant tumor cells (TCs), particularly in SDC and ACC. Despite no significant difference in PD-L1 expression of TCs among malignant subtypes, the peripheral and central ICs of ACC and MEC were revealed to express PDL-1 significantly more than those with AdCC (P < 0.05). WTs were rich in PD-1/PD-L1 expressing ICs. However, the tumor microenvironment of PA generally had low levels of PD-1/PD-L1 expression. In general, the expression of PD-1 in peripheral and central TCs was found to be significantly higher in malignant tumors than in benign ones (P = 0.002 and P = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSION The simultaneous presentation of PD-1 and PD-L1 in TCs and ICs of SGTs, their significant association with disease severity as well as the positive correlation between these immune checkpoints may suggest the therapeutic potential of anti-PD-1 and anti-PDL-1 combinational immunotherapy for SGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Gerdabi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Asadian
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Razie Kiani
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bijan Khademi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Otolaryngology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Haghshenas
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Nasrollah Erfani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Wu L, Jiang C, Zhu Z, Sun Y, Zhang T. Prognostic role of PD-L1 expression in patients with salivary gland carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272080. [PMID: 35881656 PMCID: PMC9321421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been recognized as a potential marker in several cancers, the relationship between PD-L1 expression and survival in patients with salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) has remained unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association of PD-L1 expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis in SGC patients. Methods The databases Ovid Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched for relevant studies that detected PD-L1 expression in SGC. The meta-analysis was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), and the reporting recommendations for tumor marker prognostic studies (REMARK) was used to assess the quality of research eligible for this meta-analysis. Included studies were assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to estimate the correlation between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological features. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CI were applied to assess the association between PD-L1 expression and survival outcomes of patients. Results A total of ten studies (including 952 patients with SGC) were evaluated. The meta-analysis showed that positive PD-L1 expression in SGC was significantly associated with male patients, older age, Tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, high pathological grade, and non-adenoid cystic carcinoma subtype. The pooled data demonstrated that high PD-L1 expression was associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. There was no significant correlation between PD-L1 expression and progression-free survival or disease-specific survival of SGC patients. Conclusion According to the meta-analysis, positive PD-L1 expression may play an important role as an effective marker of poor prognosis in patients with SGC. However, large-scale, prospective investigations are still needed to confirm the findings. The assessment of PD-L1 expression may aid in the personalized management of SGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Canhua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CyberKnife Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Egal ESA, Scarini JF, de Lima-Souza RA, Lavareze L, Fernandes PM, Emerick C, Gonçalves MT, Helms MN, Altemani A, Mariano FV. Tumor microenvironment in salivary gland carcinomas: An orchestrated state of chaos. Oral Oncol 2022; 127:105777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pomponio R, Tang Q, Mei A, Caron A, Coulibaly B, Theilhaber J, Rogers-Grazado M, Sanicola-Nadel M, Naimi S, Olfati-Saber R, Combeau C, Pollard J, Lin TT, Wang R. An integrative approach of digital image analysis and transcriptome profiling to explore potential predictive biomarkers for TGFβ blockade therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3594-3601. [PMID: 36176910 PMCID: PMC9513441 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the presence and spatial localization and distribution pattern of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is associate with response to immunotherapies. Recent studies have identified TGFβ activity and signaling as a determinant of T cell exclusion in the tumor microenvironment and poor response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Here we coupled the artificial intelligence (AI)-powered digital image analysis and gene expression profiling as an integrative approach to quantify distribution of TILs and characterize the associated TGFβ pathway activity. Analysis of T cell spatial distribution in the solid tumor biopsies revealed substantial differences in the distribution patterns. The digital image analysis approach achieves 74% concordance with the pathologist assessment for tumor-immune phenotypes. The transcriptomic profiling suggests that the TIL score was negatively correlated with TGFβ pathway activation, together with elevated TGFβ signaling activity observed in excluded and desert tumor phenotypes. The present results demonstrate that the automated digital pathology algorithm for quantitative analysis of CD8 immunohistochemistry image can successfully assign the tumor into one of three infiltration phenotypes: immune desert, immune excluded or immune inflamed. The association between “cold” tumor-immune phenotypes and TGFβ signature further demonstrates their potential as predictive biomarkers to identify appropriate patients that may benefit from TGFβ blockade.
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Mueller SK, Haderlein M, Lettmaier S, Agaimy A, Haller F, Hecht M, Fietkau R, Iro H, Mantsopoulos K. Targeted Therapy, Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy and Novel Treatment Options for Different Subtypes of Salivary Gland Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030720. [PMID: 35160172 PMCID: PMC8836387 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection remains the first line treatment for salivary gland cancer (SGC). In the case of locally advanced disease, surgery is followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Surgical resection should be favored in resectable locoregional recurrent disease as well, and even the complete resection of all distant oligometastases has clinical benefit for the patients. For inoperable and disseminated metastatic disease, a multitude of systemic therapies including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are available. In this review, the current therapeutic options for inoperable recurrent or metastatic SGCs are summarized. Systemic treatment can achieve prolonged progression-free and overall survival, while the overall prognosis remains poor. Current clinical trials include only a limited number of patients and mostly combine different histologic subtypes. Additionally, no randomized controlled trial comparing different therapeutic options has been performed. In the future, further studies with a larger patient cohort and ideally only one histologic subtype are needed in order to improve the outcome for SGC patients. However, this may be difficult to accomplish due to the rarity and diversity of the disease. Additionally, molecular analyses need to be performed routinely in order to individualize treatment and to go one step further towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina K. Mueller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.I.); (K.M.)
- Working Group Salivary Glands and Thyroid Glands, Germany Otolaryngologic Society, Head and Neck Surgery, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdisciplinary Oncologic Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.H.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marlen Haderlein
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdisciplinary Oncologic Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.H.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lettmaier
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdisciplinary Oncologic Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.H.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Department of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.A.); (F.H.)
| | - Florian Haller
- Department of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.A.); (F.H.)
| | - Markus Hecht
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdisciplinary Oncologic Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.H.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdisciplinary Oncologic Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.H.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Iro
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.I.); (K.M.)
- Working Group Salivary Glands and Thyroid Glands, Germany Otolaryngologic Society, Head and Neck Surgery, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdisciplinary Oncologic Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.H.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
| | - Konstantinos Mantsopoulos
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.I.); (K.M.)
- Working Group Salivary Glands and Thyroid Glands, Germany Otolaryngologic Society, Head and Neck Surgery, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Interdisciplinary Oncologic Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.H.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
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Witte HM, Gebauer N, Steinestel K. Mutational and immunologic Landscape in malignant Salivary Gland Tumors harbor the potential for novel therapeutic strategies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 170:103592. [PMID: 35026433 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland carcinomas (SGC) are rare (3-6 % of all head and neck cancers) and show biological heterogeneity depending on the respective histological subtype. While complete surgical resection is the standard treatment for localized disease, chemotherapy or radiation therapy are frequently insufficient for the treatment of unresectable or metastasized SGC. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches such as molecularly targeted therapy or the application of immune checkpoint inhibition enhance the treatment repertoire. Accordingly, comprehensive analyses of the genomic landscape and the tumor-microenvironment (TME) are of crucial importance in order to optimize and individualize SGC treatment. This manuscript combines the current scientific knowledge of the composition of the mutational landscape and the TME in SGCs harboring the potential for novel (immune-) targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanno M Witte
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, 23538, Luebeck, Germany; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany; Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Niklas Gebauer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, 23538, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Konrad Steinestel
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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Lavareze L, Scarini JF, de Lima-souza RA, Emerick C, de Sá RS, Aquino IG, Fernandes PM, Gonçalves MT, Helms MN, Altemani A, Egal ESA, Mariano FV. Salivary gland cancer in the setting of tumor microenvironment: Translational routes for therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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