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Amor M, Bianco V, Buerger M, Lechleitner M, Vujić N, Dobrijević A, Akhmetshina A, Pirchheim A, Schwarz B, Pessentheiner AR, Baumgartner F, Rampitsch K, Schauer S, Klobučar I, Degoricija V, Pregartner G, Kummer D, Svecla M, Sommer G, Kolb D, Holzapfel GA, Hoefler G, Frank S, Norata GD, Kratky D. Genetic deletion of MMP12 ameliorates cardiometabolic disease by improving insulin sensitivity, systemic inflammation, and atherosclerotic features in mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:327. [PMID: 38017481 PMCID: PMC10685620 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) is a macrophage-secreted protein that is massively upregulated as a pro-inflammatory factor in metabolic and vascular tissues of mice and humans suffering from cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). However, the molecular mechanisms explaining the contributions of MMP12 to CMDs are still unclear. METHODS We investigated the impact of MMP12 deficiency on CMDs in a mouse model that mimics human disease by simultaneously developing adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. To this end, we generated and characterized low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)/Mmp12-double knockout (DKO) mice fed a high-fat sucrose- and cholesterol-enriched diet for 16-20 weeks. RESULTS DKO mice showed lower cholesterol and plasma glucose concentrations and improved insulin sensitivity compared with LdlrKO mice. Untargeted proteomic analyses of epididymal white adipose tissue revealed that inflammation- and fibrosis-related pathways were downregulated in DKO mice. In addition, genetic deletion of MMP12 led to alterations in immune cell composition and a reduction in plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in peripheral blood which indicated decreased low-grade systemic inflammation. Aortic en face analyses and staining of aortic valve sections demonstrated reduced atherosclerotic plaque size and collagen content, which was paralleled by an improved relaxation pattern and endothelial function of the aortic rings and more elastic aortic sections in DKO compared to LdlrKO mice. Shotgun proteomics revealed upregulation of anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective markers in the aortas of DKO mice, further supporting our data. In humans, MMP12 serum concentrations were only weakly associated with clinical and laboratory indicators of CMDs. CONCLUSION We conclude that the genetic deletion of MMP12 ameliorates obesity-induced low-grade inflammation, white adipose tissue dysfunction, biomechanical properties of the aorta, and the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting MMP12 may represent a promising approach to combat CMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Amor
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Valentina Bianco
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Martin Buerger
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Margarete Lechleitner
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Anja Dobrijević
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alena Akhmetshina
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Anita Pirchheim
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Birgit Schwarz
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Ariane R Pessentheiner
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Silvia Schauer
- Diagnostics and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Iva Klobučar
- Sisters of Charity, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Degoricija
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medicine, Sisters of Charity, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gudrun Pregartner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Kummer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Svecla
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gerhard Sommer
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Core Facility Ultrastructural Analysis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard A Holzapfel
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostics and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Terra MF, García-Arévalo M, Avelino TM, Degaki KY, de Carvalho M, Torres FR, Saito A, Figueira ACM. Obesity-Linked PPARγ Ser273 Phosphorylation Promotes Beneficial Effects on the Liver, despite Reduced Insulin Sensitivity in Mice. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040632. [PMID: 37189379 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the removal of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) from the market, researchers have been exploring alternative anti-diabetic drugs that target PPARγ without causing adverse effects while promoting insulin sensitization by blocking serine 273 phosphorylation (Ser273 or S273). Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between insulin resistance and S273 phosphorylation are still largely unknown, except for the involvement of growth differentiation factor (GDF3) regulation in the process. To further investigate potential pathways, we generated a whole organism knockin mouse line with a single S273A mutation (KI) that blocks the occurrence of its phosphorylation. Our observations of KI mice on different diets and feeding schedules revealed that they were hyperglycemic, hypoinsulinemic, presented more body fat at weaning, and presented an altered plasma and hepatic lipid profile, distinctive liver morphology and gene expression. These results suggest that total blockage of S273 phosphorylation may have unforeseen effects that, in addition to promoting insulin sensitivity, could lead to metabolic disturbances, particularly in the liver. Therefore, our findings demonstrate both the beneficial and detrimental effects of PPAR S273 phosphorylation and suggest selective modulation of this post translational modification is a viable strategy to treat type 2 diabetes.
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Terra M, García-Arévalo M, Avelino T, Degaki K, Malospirito C, de Carvalho M, Torres F, Saito Â, Figueira A. AM-879, a PPARy non-agonist and Ser273 phosphorylation blocker, promotes insulin sensitivity without adverse effects in mice. Metabol Open 2022; 17:100221. [PMID: 36588655 PMCID: PMC9800205 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is considered a promising pathway on insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue metabolism. The search for molecules acting as insulin sensitizers have increased, especially for molecules that block PPARγ-Ser273 phosphorylation, without reaching full agonism. We evaluated the in vivo effects of AM-879, a PPARγ non-agonist, and found that AM-879 exerts different effects in mice depending on the dose. At lower doses, this ligand decreased BAT, increased leptin and Crh expression. However, at a higher dose, it promoted improvement on insulin sensitivity, ameliorates expression of metabolism-related genes, decreased the expression of genes related to liver toxicity, maintaining body weight and adipocyte size. These results present a new lead molecule to ameliorates insulin resistance and confirm AM-879 as a PPARγ non-agonist which blocks Ser273 phosphorylation as a good strategy to modulate insulin sensitivity without developing the adverse effects promoted by PPARγ full agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.F. Terra
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil,Post Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - M. García-Arévalo
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - T.M. Avelino
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil,Post Graduate Program in Pharmacological Science, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - K.Y. Degaki
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - C.C. Malospirito
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil,Post Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - M. de Carvalho
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil,Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - F.R. Torres
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Â. Saito
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A.C.M. Figueira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil,Corresponding author.
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Lv J, Shen X, Shen X, Li X, Jin Z, Ouyang X, Lu J, Zhu D, Wang J, Shen X. Miltefosine as a PPM1A activator improves AD-like pathology in mice by alleviating tauopathy via microglia/neurons crosstalk. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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5
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Nagaoka A, Sakurai M, Kamiie K, Masumi A. Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>) Extract-Induced Adipogenesis Is Independent of PPARγ Ser273 Phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:659-663. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aozora Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Aomori University
| | - Makoto Sakurai
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Aomori University
| | - Katsuyoshi Kamiie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Aomori University
| | - Atsuko Masumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Aomori University
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Abstract
PPM1A (magnesium-dependent phosphatase 1 A, also known as PP2Cα) is a member of the Ser/Thr protein phosphatase family. Protein phosphatases catalyze the removal of phosphate groups from proteins via hydrolysis, thus opposing the role of protein kinases. The PP2C family is generally considered a negative regulator in the eukaryotic stress response pathway. PPM1A can bind and dephosphorylate various proteins and is therefore involved in the regulation of a wide range of physiological processes. It plays a crucial role in transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis and has been suggested to be closely related to the occurrence and development of cancers of the lung, bladder, and breast, amongst others. Moreover, it is closely related to certain autoimmune diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we provide an insight into currently available knowledge of PPM1A, including its structure, biological function, involvement in signaling pathways, and association with diseases. Lastly, we discuss whether PPM1A could be targeted for therapy of certain human conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Li
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xingfeng Xu
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yan Su
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yali Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jianguo Yan
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
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Wang Z, Gao X, Li Q, Zhu H, Zhao X, Garcia-Barrio M, Zhang J, Guo Y, Chen YE, Zeng R, Wu JR, Chang L. Inhibition of a Novel CLK1-THRAP3-PPARγ Axis Improves Insulin Sensitivity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:699578. [PMID: 34526909 PMCID: PMC8435799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.699578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing energy expenditure by promoting "browning" in adipose tissues is a promising strategy to prevent obesity and associated diabetes. To uncover potential targets of cold exposure, which induces energy expenditure, we performed phosphoproteomics profiling in brown adipose tissue of mice housed in mild cold environment at 16°C. We identified CDC2-like kinase 1 (CLK1) as one of the kinases that were significantly downregulated by mild cold exposure. In addition, genetic knockout of CLK1 or chemical inhibition in mice ameliorated diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance at 22°C. Through proteomics, we uncovered thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein 3 (THRAP3) as an interacting partner of CLK1, further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation assays. We further demonstrated that CLK1 phosphorylates THRAP3 at Ser243, which is required for its regulatory interaction with phosphorylated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), resulting in impaired adipose tissue browning and insulin sensitivity. These data suggest that CLK1 plays a critical role in controlling energy expenditure through the CLK1-THRAP3-PPARγ axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingrun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjie Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Minerva Garcia-Barrio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rong Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Rui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Xia YC, Cao J, Yang J, Zhang Y, Li YS. lncRNA TSPEAR-AS2, a Novel Prognostic Biomarker, Promotes Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression by Upregulating PPM1A via Sponging miR-487a-3p. Dis Markers 2021; 2021:2217663. [PMID: 34336002 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2217663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) critically impacts the modulation of tumor developments and progressions. Our study is aimed at investigating the expressing patterns, clinical significance, and biological roles of lncRNA TSPEAR-AS2 (TSPEAR-AS2) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Material and Approach. The expressing states achieved by TSPEAR-AS2 were examined in OSCC specimens and cell lines by RT-PCR. The clinical significance of TSPEAR-AS2 was statistically analyzed. OSCC proliferating, invading, and migrating processes were examined with the use of wound healing assays, transwell, colony formation, and cell counting kit-8. Additionally, the downstream molecular mechanism of TSPEAR-AS2 in OSCC was explored. Results TSPEAR-AS2 was overexpressed in OSCC tumors and cells. High TSPEAR-AS2 was associated with advanced TNM stage. Patients with high TSPEAR-AS2 expression displayed a shorter disease-free survival and total survival of OSCC patients than those with low TSPEAR-AS2 expressing level. It was found that knockdown of TSPEAR-AS2 could inhibit the proliferating, invading, and migrating processes pertaining to OSCC cells. Luciferase reporter tests and RNA pull-down results revealed that TSPEAR-AS2 enhanced the expressions of PPM1A by regulating miR-487a-3p, and TSPEAR-AS2 could be adopted as a miR-487a-3p sponge to inhibit PPM1A expression. Conclusion Our study highlighted the significance of the TSPEAR-AS2/miR-487a-3p/PPM1A axis within OSCC progression and offered a novel biomarker and novel strategies for OSCC treatments.
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Paschoal VA, Walenta E, Talukdar S, Pessentheiner AR, Osborn O, Hah N, Chi TJ, Tye GL, Armando AM, Evans RM, Chi NW, Quehenberger O, Olefsky JM, Oh DY. Positive Reinforcing Mechanisms between GPR120 and PPARγ Modulate Insulin Sensitivity. Cell Metab 2020; 31:1173-1188.e5. [PMID: 32413335 PMCID: PMC7337476 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) and PPARγ agonists each have insulin sensitizing effects. But whether these two pathways functionally interact and can be leveraged together to markedly improve insulin resistance has not been explored. Here, we show that treatment with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (Rosi) plus the GPR120 agonist Compound A leads to additive effects to improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, but at lower doses of Rosi, thus avoiding its known side effects. Mechanistically, we show that GPR120 is a PPARγ target gene in adipocytes, while GPR120 augments PPARγ activity by inducing the endogenous ligand 15d-PGJ2 and by blocking ERK-mediated inhibition of PPARγ. Further, we used macrophage- (MKO) or adipocyte-specific GPR120 KO (AKO) mice to show that GRP120 has anti-inflammatory effects via macrophages while working with PPARγ in adipocytes to increase insulin sensitivity. These results raise the prospect of a safer way to increase insulin sensitization in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian A Paschoal
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Evelyn Walenta
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Saswata Talukdar
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Merck & Co., Inc., SSF, 630 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ariane R Pessentheiner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nasun Hah
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tyler J Chi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - George L Tye
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Aaron M Armando
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nai-Wen Chi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Da Young Oh
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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