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Wei P, Luo Q, Hou Y, Zhao F, Li F, Meng Q. Houttuynia Cordata Thunb.: A comprehensive review of traditional applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology and safety. Phytomedicine 2024; 123:155195. [PMID: 37956635 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Houttuynia Cordata Thunb. (H. cordata; Saururaceae) is a medicine food homology plant that is grown in many Asian countries. Its main phytochemical constituents are volatile oils, flavonoids, polysaccharides and alkaloids. It has considerable clinical applications and health benefits. PURPOSE This paper reviews the existing literatures and patents, summarizes the phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, safety and economic botanical applications of H. cordata, and provides a reference for systematic study of the pharmacological effects of H. cordata, improvement of quality standards and further development of its medicinal resources. METHODS A comprehensive search of literature and patents on H. cordata and its active ingredients published before June 2023 was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and China Knowledge Network. RESULTS H. cordata is not only edible and medicinal but also used in various aspects of daily life such as fermented beverages, nutraceuticals, feed and cosmetics. The main phytochemical constituents of H. cordata are volatile oils, flavonoids, organic acids and alkaloids. Several in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials have found that H. cordata extracts possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, hepatoprotective and renal, immunomodulatory and potent antiviral effects. The mechanisms of expression of these pharmacological effects are related to the blood-brain barrier, lipophilicity, cAMP signaling and skin permeability, including blocking the MAPK signaling pathway, inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-1β, and activating the AMPK pathway. CONCLUSION This paper provides a comprehensive review of the progress of research on the traditional applications, botany, chemical composition, pharmacological effects and safety of H. cordata and discusses for the first time the economic botanical aspects, which were not explored in the previous reviews. H. cordata has a wide range of bioactive substances whose therapeutic potential has not been fully exploited, and it could provide a new non-toxic approach to many diseases. This traditional medicinal food plant should receive more attention and in-depth research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Qin Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yun Hou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Fenglan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Qingguo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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Abouelkheir M, Taher I, Eladl ASR, Shabaan DA, Soliman MFM, Taha AE. Detection and Quantification of Some Ethanol-Producing Bacterial Strains in the Gut of Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Role of Metformin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050658. [PMID: 37242441 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol-producing dysbiotic gut microbiota could accelerate the progress of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Metformin demonstrated some benefits in NAFLD. In the present study, we tested the ability of metformin to modify ethanol-producing gut bacterial strains and, consequently, retard the progress of NAFLD. This 12-week study included forty mice divided into four groups (n = 10); normal diet, Western diet, Western diet with intraperitoneal metformin, and Western diet with oral metformin. Oral metformin has a slight advantage over intraperitoneal metformin in ameliorating the Western diet-induced changes in liver function tests and serum levels of different cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α). Changes in liver histology, fibrosis, lipid content, Ki67, and TNF-α were all corrected as well. Faecal ethanol contents were increased by the Western diet but did not improve after treatment with metformin although the numbers of ethanol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were decreased by oral metformin. Metformin did not affect bacterial ethanol production. It does not seem that modification of ethanol-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli bacterial strains by metformin could have a significant impact on the therapeutic potentials of metformin in this experimental model of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abouelkheir
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Taher
- Microbiology and Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira S R Eladl
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Horus University, Damietta 34511, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Shabaan
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mona F M Soliman
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Taha
- Microbiology and Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Wei L, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Yan L, Liu B, Cao Z, Zhao N, He X, Li L, Lu C. Intestinal Escherichia coli and related dysfunction as potential targets of Traditional Chinese Medicine for respiratory infectious diseases. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 313:116381. [PMID: 36940735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has saved countless lives and maintained human health over its long history, especially in respiratory infectious diseases. The relationship between the intestinal flora and the respiratory system has been a popular research topic in recent years. According to the theory of the "gut-lung axis" in modern medicine and the idea that "the lung stands in an interior-exterior relationship with the large intestine" in TCM, gut microbiota dysbiosis is a contributing factor to respiratory infectious diseases, and there is potential means for manipulation of the gut microbiota in the treatment of lung diseases. Emerging studies have indicated intestinal Escherichia coli (E. coli) overgrowth in multiple respiratory infectious diseases, which could exacerbate respiratory infectious diseases by disrupting immune homeostasis, the gut barrier and metabolic balance. TCM is an effective microecological regulator, that can regulate the intestinal flora including E. coli, and restore the balance of the immune system, gut barrier, and metabolism. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review discusses the changes and effects of intestinal E. coli in respiratory infection, as well as the role of TCM in the intestinal flora, E. coli and related immunity, the gut barrier and the metabolism, thereby suggesting the possibility of TCM therapy regulating intestinal E. coli and related immunity, the gut barrier and the metabolism to alleviate respiratory infectious diseases. We aimed to make a modest contribution to the research and development of new therapies for intestinal flora in respiratory infectious diseases and the full utilization of TCM resources. Relevant information about the therapeutic potential of TCM to regulate intestinal E. coli against diseases was collected from PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and so on. The Plants of the World Online (https://wcsp.science.kew.org) and the Plant List (www.theplantlist.org) databases were used to provide the scientific names and species of plants. RESULTS Intestinal E. coli is a very important bacterium in respiratory infectious diseases that affects the respiratory system through immunity, the gut barrier and the metabolism. Many TCMs can inhibit the abundance of E. coli and regulate related immunity, the gut barrier and the metabolism to promote lung health. CONCLUSION TCM targeting intestinal E. coli and related immune, gut barrier, and metabolic dysfunction could be a potential therapy to promote the treatment and prognosis of respiratory infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lini Wei
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Lan Yan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
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Abstract
Pharmacomicrobiomics refers to the interactions between foreign compounds and the gut microbiome resulting in heterogeneous efficacy, side effects, and toxicity of the compound concerned. Glucose lowering drugs reduce blood glucose by modulating insulin secretion and its actions as well as redistributing energy disposal. Apart from genetic, ecological, and lifestyle factors, maintaining an equilibrium of the whole gut microbiome has been shown to improve human health. Microbial fingerprinting using faecal samples indicated an 'invisible phenotype' due to different compositions of microbiota which might orchestrate the interactions between patients' phenotypes and their responses to glucose-lowering drugs. In this article, we summarize the current evidence on differences in composition of gut microbiota between individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and healthy individuals, the disruption of the balance of beneficial and pathogenic microbiota was shown in patients with T2D and how Western Medicine (WM) and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) might re-shape the gut microbiota with benefits to the host immunity and metabolic health. We particularly highlighted the effects of both WM and TCM increase the relative abundance of health promoting bacteria, such as, Akkermansia muciniphila, Blautia, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and which have been implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Several lines of evidence suggested that TCM might complement the efficacy of WM through alteration of microbiota which warrants further investigation in our pursuit of prevention and control of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natural Chu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Juliana C. N. Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Elaine Chow,
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Pan X, Kaminga AC, Liu A, Wen SW, Luo M, Luo J. Gut Microbiota, Glucose, Lipid, and Water-Electrolyte Metabolism in Children With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:683743. [PMID: 34778099 PMCID: PMC8581616 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.683743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is affected by gut microbiota, glucose, and lipid. However, the function of water-electrolyte metabolism remains undefined in children with NAFLD. Therefore, the aim of this case-control study was to better understand these interactions. The sample consisted of 75 children, aged between 7 and 16, of whom 25 had nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), 25 had nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and 25 were obese and without NAFLD. These groups were matched by age, sex, and body mass index. Data were collected between June, 2019 and December, 2019 at the Hunan Children’s Hospital, in China. Microbiome composition in fecal samples was assessed using 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing. In the clinical indices, 12 glucose and lipid metabolism indices were included, and six water-electrolyte metabolism indices were included. The results indicated that microbiomes of NAFLD children had lower alpha diversity but higher beta diversity index than the other two groups. Specifically, anti-inflammatory and probiotics abundance (e.g., Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia, and Bifidobacterium_adolescentis) was significantly decreased in NAFLD, whereas the abundance of harmful bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcaceae) was increased. Moreover, the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria (e.g., Faecalibacterium, Roseburia_inulinivorans, Roseburia_intestinalis, and Coprococcus_comes) was significantly decreased in NASH. The abundance of these bacteria were associated with glucose, lipid, and water-electrolyte metabolism (e.g., glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, inorganic salt, total body water, etc.), implying that the NAFLD and its severity were associated with glucose, lipid, and water-electrolyte metabolism dysbiosis. Therefore, these findings suggest that the gut microbiome, especially butyrate-producing bacteria, play an important role in the development of NAFLD in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfeng Pan
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Atipatsa C Kaminga
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- OMNI Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Miyang Luo
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiayou Luo
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Choi Y, Bose S, Seo J, Shin JH, Lee D, Kim Y, Kang SG, Kim H. Effects of Live and Pasteurized Forms of Akkermansia from the Human Gut on Obesity and Metabolic Dysregulation. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2039. [PMID: 34683361 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) is a promising probiotic candidate owing to its health-promoting properties. A previous study reported that the pasteurized form of A. muciniphila strains isolated from human stool samples had a beneficial impact on high-fat diet-induced obese mice. On the other hand, the differences in the probiotic effects between live and pasteurized A. muciniphila on the metabolism and immune system of the host are still inconclusive. This study examines the differences between the live and pasteurized forms of A. muciniphila strains on the lipid and glucose metabolism and on regulating the inflammatory immune responses using a HFD-fed obese mouse model. The animals were administered the live and pasteurized forms of two A. muciniphila strains five times per week for the entire study period of 12 weeks. Both forms of the bacterial strains improved the HFD-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation in the mice by preventing body-weight gains after one week. In addition, they cause a decrease in the weights of the major adipose tissues, adipogenesis/lipogenesis and serum TC levels, improvement in glucose homeostasis and suppression of inflammatory insults. Furthermore, these treatments restored the damaged gut architecture and integrity and improved the hepatic structure and function in HFD-induced animals. On the other hand, for both bacterial strains, the pasteurized form was more potent in improving glucose tolerance than the live form. Moreover, specific A. muciniphila preparations with either live or pasteurized bacteria decreased the number and population (%) of splenic Treg cells (CD4+ Foxp3+) significantly in the HFD-fed animals, further supporting the anti-inflammatory properties of these bacteria.
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Wu Z, Deng X, Hu Q, Xiao X, Jiang J, Ma X, Wu M. Houttuynia cordata Thunb: An Ethnopharmacological Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:714694. [PMID: 34539401 PMCID: PMC8440972 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.714694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Houttuynia cordata Thunb (H. cordata; Saururaceae) is widely distributed in Asian regions. It plays an important role in traditional health care and disease treatment, as its aboveground stems and leaves have a long medicinal history in China and are used in the treatment of pneumonia and lung abscess. In clinical treatment, it can usually be combined with other drugs to treat dysentery, cold, fever, and mumps; additionally, H. cordata is an edible plant. This review summarizes detailed information on the phytochemistry and pharmacological effects of H. cordata. By searching the keywords “H. cordata and lung”, “H. cordata and heart”, “H. cordata and liver”, and “H. cordata and inflammation” in PubMed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect, we screened out articles with high correlation in the past ten years, sorted out the research contents, disease models and research methods of the articles, and provided a new perspective on the therapeutic effects of H. cordata. A variety of its chemical constituents are characteristic of medicinal plants, the chemical constituents were isolated from H. cordata, including volatile oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Flavonoids and volatile oils are the main active components. In pharmacological studies, H. cordata showed organ protective activity, such as reducing the release of inflammatory factors to alleviate lung injury. Moreover, H. cordata regulates immunity, enhances the immune barriers of the vagina, oral cavity, and intestinal tract, and combined with the antibacterial and antiviral activity of its extract, effectively reduces pathogen infection. Furthermore, experiments in vivo and in vitro showed significant anti-inflammatory activity, and its chemical derivatives exert potential therapeutic activity against rheumatoid arthritis. Antitumour action is also an important pharmacological activity of H. cordata, and studies have shown that H. cordata has a notable effect on lung tumour, liver tumour, colon tumour, and breast tumour. This review categorizes the biological activities of H. cordata according to modern research papers, and provides insights into disease prevention and treatment of H. cordata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingquan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Mo J, Gao L, Zhang N, Xie J, Li D, Shan T, Fan L. Structural and quantitative alterations of gut microbiota in experimental small bowel obstruction. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255651. [PMID: 34347831 PMCID: PMC8336877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate structural and quantitative alterations of gut microbiota in an experimental model of small bowel obstruction. METHOD A rat model of small bowel obstruction was established by using a polyvinyl chloride ring surgically placed surrounding the terminal ileum. The alterations of gut microbiota were studied after intestinal obstruction. Intraluminal fecal samples proximal to the obstruction were collected at different time points (24, 48 and 72 hours after obstruction) and analyzed by 16s rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology and quantitative PCR (qPCR) for target bacterial groups. Furthermore, intestinal claudin-1 mRNA expression was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, and serum sIgA, IFABP and TFF3 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Small bowel obstruction led to significant bacterial overgrowth and profound alterations in gut microbiota composition and diversity. At the phylum level, the 16S rDNA sequences showed a marked decrease in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and increased abundance of Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Bacteroidetes. The qPCR analysis showed the absolute quantity of total bacteria increased significantly within 24 hours but did not change distinctly from 24 to 72 hours. Further indicators of intestinal mucosa damage and were observed as claudin-1 gene expression, sIgA and TFF3 levels decreased and IFABP level increased with prolonged obstruction. CONCLUSION Small bowel obstruction can cause significant structural and quantitative alterations of gut microbiota and induce disruption of gut mucosa barrier.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bacteroidetes/genetics
- Claudin-1/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- Disease Models, Animal
- Feces/microbiology
- Firmicutes/genetics
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Ileum/microbiology
- Ileum/pathology
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/blood
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
- Intestinal Obstruction/blood
- Intestinal Obstruction/microbiology
- Male
- Phylogeny
- Proteobacteria/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Verrucomicrobia/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Mo
- Graduate school of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Graduate school of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiliang Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Donghua Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Shan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liuyang Fan
- Graduate school of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Liu W, Luo X, Tang J, Mo Q, Zhong H, Zhang H, Feng F. A bridge for short-chain fatty acids to affect inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease positively: by changing gut barrier. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2317-2330. [PMID: 33180143 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02431-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In previous studies, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been found to regulate gut microbiota and change gut barrier status, and the potential positive effects of SCFAs on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have also been found, but the role of SCFAs in these three diseases is not clear. This review aims to summarize existing evidence on the effects of SCFAs on IBD, T1D, and NHFLD, and correlates them with gut barrier and gut microbiota (gut microbiota barrier). METHODS A literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, and Wiley Online Library up to October 2020 was conducted for all relevant studies published. RESULTS This is a retrospective review of 150 applied research articles or reviews. The destruction of gut barrier may promote the development of IBD, T1D, and NAFLD. SCFAs seem to maintain the gut barrier by promoting the growth of intestinal epithelial cells, strengthening the intestinal tight connection, and regulating the activities of gut microbiota and immune cells, which might result possible beneficial effects on the above three diseases at a certain dose. CONCLUSIONS Influencing gut barrier health may be a bridge for SCFAs (especially butyrate) to have positive effects on IBD, T1D, and NAFLD. It is expected that this article can provide new ideas for the subsequent research on the treatment of diseases by SCFAs and help SCFAs be better applied to precise and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxin Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianliang Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Tang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiufen Mo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Lee CB, Chae SU, Jo SJ, Jerng UM, Bae SK. The Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Metformin as a Key for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073566. [PMID: 33808194 PMCID: PMC8037857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the first-line pharmacotherapy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, its mechanism of modulating glucose metabolism is elusive. Recent advances have identified the gut as a potential target of metformin. As patients with metabolic disorders exhibit dysbiosis, the gut microbiome has garnered interest as a potential target for metabolic disease. Henceforth, studies have focused on unraveling the relationship of metabolic disorders with the human gut microbiome. According to various metagenome studies, gut dysbiosis is evident in T2DM patients. Besides this, alterations in the gut microbiome were also observed in the metformin-treated T2DM patients compared to the non-treated T2DM patients. Thus, several studies on rodents have suggested potential mechanisms interacting with the gut microbiome, including regulation of glucose metabolism, an increase in short-chain fatty acids, strengthening intestinal permeability against lipopolysaccharides, modulating the immune response, and interaction with bile acids. Furthermore, human studies have demonstrated evidence substantiating the hypotheses based on rodent studies. This review discusses the current knowledge of how metformin modulates T2DM with respect to the gut microbiome and discusses the prospect of harnessing this mechanism in treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Bin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (C.B.L.); (S.U.C.); (S.J.J.)
| | - Soon Uk Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (C.B.L.); (S.U.C.); (S.J.J.)
| | - Seong Jun Jo
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (C.B.L.); (S.U.C.); (S.J.J.)
| | - Ui Min Jerng
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea;
| | - Soo Kyung Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (C.B.L.); (S.U.C.); (S.J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2164-4054
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11
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Lin TL, Lu CC, Lai WF, Wu TS, Lu JJ, Chen YM, Tzeng CM, Liu HT, Wei H, Lai HC. Role of gut microbiota in identification of novel TCM-derived active metabolites. Protein Cell 2020; 12:394-410. [PMID: 32929698 PMCID: PMC8106560 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been extensively used to ameliorate diseases in Asia for over thousands of years. However, owing to a lack of formal scientific validation, the absence of information regarding the mechanisms underlying TCMs restricts their application. After oral administration, TCM herbal ingredients frequently are not directly absorbed by the host, but rather enter the intestine to be transformed by gut microbiota. The gut microbiota is a microbial community living in animal intestines, and functions to maintain host homeostasis and health. Increasing evidences indicate that TCM herbs closely affect gut microbiota composition, which is associated with the conversion of herbal components into active metabolites. These may significantly affect the therapeutic activity of TCMs. Microbiota analyses, in conjunction with modern multiomics platforms, can together identify novel functional metabolites and form the basis of future TCM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, China.,Department of Chest Medicine, Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, China
| | - Wei-Fan Lai
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China
| | - Ting-Shu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, China.,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, 361026, China
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, China.,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, 361026, China
| | - Young-Mao Chen
- Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hong-Tao Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Park, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200435, China
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, China. .,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, 361026, China. .,Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China. .,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan, China.
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12
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Feng W, Liu J, Ao H, Yue S, Peng C. Targeting gut microbiota for precision medicine: Focusing on the efficacy and toxicity of drugs. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:11278-11301. [PMID: 33042283 PMCID: PMC7532689 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra- and interindividual variation in drug responses is one major reason for the failure of drug therapy, drug toxicity, and even the death of patients. Precision medicine, or personalized medicine, is a field of medicine that customizes an individual's medical diagnosis and treatment based on his/her genes, microbiomes, environments, etc. Over the past decade, a large number of studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota can modify the efficacy and toxicity of drugs, and the extent of the modification varies greatly from person to person because of the variability of the gut microbiota. Personalized manipulation of gut microbiota is an important approach to rectify the abnormal drug response. In this review, we aim to improve drug efficacy and reduce drug toxicity by combining precision medicine and gut microbiota. After describing the interactions between gut microbiota and xenobiotics, we discuss (1) the effects of gut microbiota on drug efficacy and toxicity and the corresponding mechanisms, (2) the variability of gut microbiota, which leads to variation in drug responses, (3) the biomarkers used for the patient stratification and treatment decisions before the use of drugs, and (4) the methods used for the personalized manipulation of gut microbiota to improve drug outcomes. Overall, we hope to improve the drug response by incorporating the knowledge of gut microbiota into clinical practice.
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13
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Ansari A, Bose S, Lim SK, Wang JH, Choi YH, Kim H. Combination of Scutellaria baicalensis and Metformin Ameliorates Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysregulation in Mice via the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis. Am J Chin Med 2020; 48:1409-1433. [PMID: 32907360 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2050069x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis (SB), a herbal medicine, is commonly used to treat metabolic diseases, while Metformin (MF) is a widely used drug for type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether co-treatment of SB with MF could produce a potential therapeutic effect on high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD)-induced metabolic dysregulation. First, we optimized the dose of SB (100, 200, 400, and 800[Formula: see text]mg/kg) with MF (200[Formula: see text]mg/kg) in HFFD-induced C57BL6J mice. Next, the optimized dose of SB (400[Formula: see text]mg/kg) was co-administered with MF (50, 100, and 200[Formula: see text]mg/kg) in a similar animal model to find the effective combinations of SB and MF. Metabolic markers were determined in serum and tissues using different assays, histology, gene expression, and gut microbial population. The SB and MF co-treatment significantly decreased the body, liver, and VAT weights. The outcome of OGTT was improved, and the fasting insulin, HbA1c, TG, TC, LDL-c, AST, and ALT were decreased, while HDL-c was significantly increased. Histological analyses revealed maintained the integrity of liver, adipose tissue, and intestine prevented lipid accumulation in the liver and intestine and combated neuronal damage in the brain. Importantly, controlled the expression of PPAR[Formula: see text], and IL-6 genes in the liver, and expression of BDNF, Glut1, Glut3, and Glut4 genes in the brain. Treatment-specific gut microbial segregation was observed in the PCA chart. Our findings indicate that SB and MF co-treatment is an effective therapeutic approach for HFFD-induced metabolic dysregulation which is operated through the gut-liver-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbuZar Ansari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Shambhunath Bose
- NosQuest Inc., USPACE 1A-1103, Daewang Pangyo-ro 660, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13494, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kyoung Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Jing-Hua Wang
- Daejeon University, College of Korean Medicine, Department of Immunology, Institute of Bioscience and Integrative Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University Seoul, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, South Korea
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14
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Bu F, Zhang S, Duan Z, Ding Y, Chen T, Wang R, Feng Z, Shi G, Zhou J, Chen Y. A critical review on the relationship of herbal medicine, Akkermansia muciniphila, and human health. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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15
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Souza Cruz EM, Bitencourt de Morais JM, Dalto da Rosa CV, da Silva Simões M, Comar JF, de Almeida Chuffa LG, Seiva FRF. Long-term sucrose solution consumption causes metabolic alterations and affects hepatic oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio047282. [PMID: 32086249 PMCID: PMC7055397 DOI: 10.1242/bio.047282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As the number of overweight and obese people has risen in recent years, there has been a parallel increase in the number of people with metabolic syndrome, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The consumption of artificially sweetened beverages contributes to these epidemics. This study investigated the long-term effects of ingestion of a 40% sucrose solution on serum and hepatic parameters in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). After 180 days, the glycemic response, lipid profile and hepatic oxidative stress were compared to those of rats maintained on water. Sucrose ingestion led to higher body weight, increased fat deposits, reduced voluntary food intake and reduced feeding efficiency. Rats that received sucrose solution showed early signs of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, such as hyperinsulinemia. Serum triacylglycerol (TG), very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL), cholesterol, ALT and AST levels increased after sucrose consumption. Elevated malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and reduced glutathione levels characterize the hepatic oxidative stress due to sucrose ingestion. Liver sample histology showed vacuolar traces and increased fibrotic tissue. Our data showed the harmful effects of chronic consumption of sucrose solution, which can cause alterations that are found frequently in obesity, glucose intolerance and non-alcoholic hepatic disease, characteristics of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Mayara Souza Cruz
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, 8630-000 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maria Bitencourt de Morais
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, 8630-000 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Vinícius Dalto da Rosa
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, 8630-000 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mellina da Silva Simões
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, 87020-900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jurandir Fernando Comar
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, 87020-900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, 18618-689 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, 8630-000 Paraná, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, 86057-970 Paraná, Brazil
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16
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Shin NR, Gu N, Choi HS, Kim H. Combined effects of Scutellaria baicalensis with metformin on glucose tolerance of patients with type 2 diabetes via gut microbiota modulation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E52-E61. [PMID: 31770016 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00221.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is a widely prescribed antidiabetic agent, whereas Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) is a commonly used medicinal herb for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Gut microbiota is involved in pathophysiology of metabolic diseases including T2D, and intestinal microbiota may be one of the important therapeutic targets for the ailment. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of SB combined with metformin on treatment of T2D while evaluating changes in the gut microbiota composition. Patients with T2D were randomized into control and treatment groups. Subjects who had already been prescribed metformin were allotted to additional SB (3.52 g/day) group or placebo group. The initial treatment session was 8 wk, and after washout period for 4 wk they were crossed over to the opposite treatment for another 8 wk. The influence of SB and placebo on the intestinal microbiota was analyzed by MiSeq system based on 16S rRNA gene. Glucose tolerance was lower in the SB group than the placebo group. Similarly, the relative RNA expression of TNF-α was significantly reduced after SB treatment. SB treatment influenced the gut microbiota, especially Lactobacillus and Akkermansia, which showed remarkable increases after SB treatment. Some subjects showed high liver enzyme levels after SB treatment, and their microbiota composition at baseline differed with subjects whose liver enzymes were not affected. We also predicted that selenocompound metabolism was increased and naphthalene degradation was decreased after SB treatment. These results suggest that SB with metformin treatment may improve the glucose tolerance and inflammation and influence the gut microbiota community in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Rae Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Siksa, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Namyi Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Clinical Trial Center, Dongguk University College of Medicine and Ilsan Hospital, Siksa, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Seok Choi
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongguk University, Dongguk-ro, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Siksa, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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17
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Xing YY, Xu YQ, Jin X, Shi LL, Guo SW, Yan SM, Shi BL. Optimization extraction and characterization of Artemisia ordosica polysaccharide and its beneficial effects on antioxidant function and gut microbiota in rats. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26151-26164. [PMID: 35519751 PMCID: PMC9055353 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05063f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel polysaccharide was isolated from Artemisia ordosica by water-extraction-ethanol-precipitation method. The optimal extraction conditions of Artemisia ordosica polysaccharide (AOP) were determined by single factor investigation and response surface methodology optimization, and were shown as follows: a liquid–solid ratio of 15.4 : 1 mL g−1, extraction time of 4.3 h, extraction temperature of 60 °C. Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yield and the sugar content of the AOP were 5.56% and 52.65%. Gel permeation chromatography coupled to multi-angle laser light scattering, a refractive index detection system and ion-exchange chromatography were used to determine the characterization of AOP. These results indicated that AOP, with a molecular weight of 2.1 kDa (62.6%) and 1.5 kDa (37.4%), had narrow polydispersity and rod conformations, and was composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid with molar ratio of 6.87 : 10.67 : 54.13 : 2.49 : 18.37 : 4.83 : 2.64 : 2.64. In addition, AOP exerted antioxidant ability in vitro and in vivo (rats). Moreover, AOP significantly modulated the composition of cecal microbiota population. Therefore, AOP is expected to be a functional ingredient for health improvement through improving antioxidant ability and modulating gut health. Artemisia ordosica polysaccharide is expected to be functional ingredient for health improvement through improving antioxidant ability and modulating gut health.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Y. Xing
- College of Animal Science
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University
- Hohhot 010018
- China
| | - Y. Q. Xu
- College of Animal Science
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University
- Hohhot 010018
- China
| | - X. Jin
- College of Animal Science
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University
- Hohhot 010018
- China
| | - L. L. Shi
- College of Animal Science
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University
- Hohhot 010018
- China
| | - S. W. Guo
- College of Animal Science
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University
- Hohhot 010018
- China
| | - S. M. Yan
- College of Animal Science
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University
- Hohhot 010018
- China
| | - B. L. Shi
- College of Animal Science
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University
- Hohhot 010018
- China
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18
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Cao TTB, Wu KC, Hsu JL, Chang CS, Chou C, Lin CY, Liao YM, Lin PC, Yang LY, Lin HW. Effects of Non-insulin Anti-hyperglycemic Agents on Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review on Human and Animal Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:573891. [PMID: 33071980 PMCID: PMC7538596 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.573891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: As growing evidence links gut microbiota with the therapeutic efficacy and side effects of anti-hyperglycemic drugs, this article aims to provide a systematic review of the reciprocal interactions between anti-hyperglycemic drugs and gut microbiota taxa, which underlie the effect of the gut microbiome on diabetic control via bug-host interactions. Method: We followed the PRISMA requirements to perform a systematic review on human vs. animal gut microbiota data in PubMed, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases, and used Cochrane, ROBIN-I, and SYRCLE tools to assess potential bias risks. The outcomes of assessment were trends on gut microbiota taxa, diversity, and associations with metabolic control (e.g., glucose, lipid) following anti-hyperglycemic treatment. Results: Of 2,804 citations, 64 studies (17/humans; 47/mice) were included. In human studies, seven were randomized trials using metformin or acarbose in obese, pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Treatment of pre-diabetes and newly diagnosed T2D patients with metformin or acarbose was associated with decreases in genus of Bacteroides, accompanied by increases in both Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Additionally, T2D patients receiving metformin showed increases in various taxa of the order Enterobacteriales and the species Akkermansia muciniphila. Of seven studies with significant differences in beta-diversity, the incremental specific taxa were associated with the improvement of glucose and lipid profiles. In mice, the effects of metformin on A. muciniphila were similar, but an inverse association with Bacteroides was reported. Animal studies on other anti-hyperglycemic drugs, however, showed substantial variations in results. Conclusions: The changes in specific taxa and β-diversity of gut microbiota were associated with metformin and acarbose in humans while pertinent information for other anti-hyperglycemic drugs could only be obtained in rodent studies. Further human studies on anti-hyperglycemic drugs other than metformin and acarbose are needed to explore gut microbiota's role in their therapeutic efficacies and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao T. B. Cao
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kun-Chang Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jye-Lin Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shiang Chang
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiahung Chou
- Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yuan Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Liao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Biomedical Technology Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wen Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy System, Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Hsiang-Wen Lin
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19
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Abstract
Metformin is a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, its underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Gut microbiota affect the development and progression of T2DM. In recent years, an increasing number of studies has focused on the relationship between metformin and gut microbiota, suggesting that metformin might exert part of its hypoglycemic effect through these microbes. However, most of these results were not consistent due to the complex composition of the microbiota, the differences between species, the large variation between individuals, and the differences in experimental design, bringing great obstacle for our better understanding of the effects of metformin on the gut microbiota. Here, we reviewed the published papers concerning about the impacts of metformin on the gut microbiota of mice, rats, and humans with obesity or T2DM, and summarized the changes of gut microbiota composition caused by metformin and the possible underlying hypoglycemic mechanism which is related to gut microbiota. It was found that the proportions of some microbiota, such as phyla Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia and genera Akkermansia, Bacteroides and Escherichia, were significantly affected by metformin in several studies. Metformin may exert part of hypoglycemic effects by altering the gut microbiota in ways that maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier, promote the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), regulate bile acid metabolism, and improve glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou No.7 People’s Hospital, Changzhou213000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou213000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Nan Hu Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou213000, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-519-68870870 Email
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20
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Han L, Li T, Du M, Chang R, Zhan B, Mao X. Beneficial Effects of Potentilla discolor Bunge Water Extract on Inflammatory Cytokines Release and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030670. [PMID: 30897784 PMCID: PMC6470731 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Potentilla discolor Bunge (PDB), a perennial herb, has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine in the therapy of many diseases. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of PDB water extract on systemic inflammation and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) injection. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal diet (ND) group, T2D group, and PDB group (diabetic mice treated with PDB water extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight). Results showed that PDB significantly decreased the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum. Further investigation showed that PDB significantly reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in fecal samples of diabetic mice. In addition, PDB notably alleviated intestinal inflammation as evidenced by decreased expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and inflammatory cytokines. PDB also reversed the decreased expression of intestinal mucosal tight junction proteins including Claudin3, ZO-1, and Occludin. Meanwhile, the levels of fecal acetic acid and butyric acid and their specific receptors including G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 41 and 43 expression in the colon were also increased after PDB treatment. Our results indicated that PDB might serve as a potential functional ingredient against diabetes and related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Tiange Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Rui Chang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Biyuan Zhan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xueying Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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21
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Zhang B, Yue R, Chen Y, Yang M, Huang X, Shui J, Peng Y, Chin J. Gut Microbiota, a Potential New Target for Chinese Herbal Medicines in Treating Diabetes Mellitus. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019;2019:2634898. [PMID: 30906411 PMCID: PMC6398116 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2634898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, as an important factor affecting host health, plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus (DM), and the mechanism may be related to excessive endotoxins, altered short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and disordered bile acid metabolism. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of treating DM, but its mechanism is not very clear. Recent research has suggested that Chinese herbal medicine can improve glucose metabolism by remodeling the gut microbiota, which opens new avenues for further research on hypoglycemic mechanisms. This review presents the recent progress of Chinese herbs, herbal extracts, and herbal compound preparations in treating DM through regulating the gut microbiota and summarizes the main mechanisms involved, namely, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, protecting the intestinal barrier and inhibiting lipotoxicity. In addition, some suggestions for improvement are also proposed.
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22
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Zheng C, Lin JF, Lin ZH, Lin WQ, Thapa S, Lin YZ, Lian H, Liu ZR, Chen JH, Li XW. Sodium Houttuyfonate Alleviates Post-infarct Remodeling in Rats via AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1092. [PMID: 30319423 PMCID: PMC6170643 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the chronic ischemia persisting after acute myocardial infarction, the accompanying low-degree inflammation and subsequent fibrosis result in progression of cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Recently, Sodium Houttuyfonate (SH), a pure compound extracted from Houttuynia cordata, has been confirmed exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects under diseased situations. Here, we aimed to investigate whether SH could reverse the cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction by alleviating cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Left anterior descending coronary artery of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats was ligated to elicit myocardial infarction. Low and high dose of SH was administered by oral gavage for four consecutive weeks post-myocardial infarction. Long-term SH treatment decreased heart rate, heart weight/ body weight (HW/BW), and left ventricle weight/body weight (LVW/BW), reduced cardiac expression of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), improved left ventricular heart function, and ameliorated the histopathological changes caused by myocardial infarction. Western blotting revealed the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), collagen I, and collagen III of the infarcted ventricle were reduced by SH treatment. Meanwhile, we found that SH treatment post-myocardial infarction activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and suppressed nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65). Furthermore, on H9C2 cells induced hypoxic injury with cobalt chloride (CoCl2), the reduction of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β), activation of AMPK, and suppression of NF-κB p65 were also observed by SH treatment. However, transfection of H9C2 with AMPKα siRNA blunted the suppression of NF-κB p65 and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β) by SH post-hypoxia. Taken together, these findings suggested that long-term administration of SH post-myocardial infarction reduced cardiac inflammatory and fibrotic responses, and reversed cardiac remodeling process. The underlying mechanism may be activating AMPK and suppressing NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia-Feng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hao Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei-Qian Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Saroj Thapa
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hao Lian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Rui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Taishun General Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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23
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Ye J, Lv L, Wu W, Li Y, Shi D, Fang D, Guo F, Jiang H, Yan R, Ye W, Li L. Butyrate Protects Mice Against Methionine-Choline-Deficient Diet-Induced Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Improving Gut Barrier Function, Attenuating Inflammation and Reducing Endotoxin Levels. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1967. [PMID: 30186272 PMCID: PMC6111843 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrate exerts protective effects against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of butyrate-induced gut microbiota and metabolism in NASH development. Sixty-five C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups (n = 15–17 per group) and were fed either a methionine–choline-sufficient (MCS) diet or methionine–choline-deficient (MCD) diet with or without sodium butyrate (SoB; 0.6 g/kg body weight) supplementation for 6 weeks. Liver injury, systematic inflammation, and gut barrier function were determined. Fecal microbiome and metabolome were analyzed using 16S rRNA deep sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that butyrate alleviated the MCD diet-induced microbiome dysbiosis, as evidenced by a significantly clustered configuration separate from that of the MCD group and by the depletion of Bilophila and Rikenellaceae and enrichment of promising probiotic genera Akkermansia, Roseburia, Coprococcus, Coprobacillus, Delftia, Sutterella, and Coriobacteriaceae genera. The fecal metabolomic profile was also substantially improved by butyrate; several butyrate-responsive metabolites involved in lipid metabolism and other pathways, such as stearic acid, behenic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, squalene, and arachidonic acid, were identified. Correlation analysis of the interaction matrix indicated that the modified gut microbiota and fecal metabolites induced by butyrate were strongly correlated with the alleviation of hepatic injury, fibrosis progression, inflammation, and lipid metabolism and intestinal barrier dysfunction. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that butyrate exerts protective effects against NASH development, and these effects may be driven by the protective gut microbiome and metabolome induced by butyrate. This study thus provides new insights into NASH prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longxian Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yating Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daiqiong Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Guo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shulan Hangzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ren Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanchun Ye
- Department of Chemotherapy 2, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Wang JH, Bose S, Shin NR, Chin YW, Choi YH, Kim H. Pharmaceutical Impact of Houttuynia Cordata and Metformin Combination on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders: Link to Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolic Endotoxemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:620. [PMID: 30405531 PMCID: PMC6208002 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Metformin and Houttuynia cordata are representative anti-diabetic therapeutic agents in western and oriental medicinal fields, respectively. The present study examined the therapeutic effects of houttuynia cordata extract (HCE) and metformin in combination in a dysmetabolic mouse model. Methods: Metabolic disorders were induced in C57BL/6J mice by high fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. Results: Combination of metformin and HCE significantly lowered body weight, abdominal fat, perirenal fat, liver and kidney weights, but did not change epididymal fat in HFD-fed animals. Metformin + HCE treatment markedly attenuated the elevated serum levels of TG, TC, AST, ALT, and endotoxin and restored the depleted HDL level. Both HCE and metformin + HCE treatment ameliorated glucose tolerance and high level of fasting blood glucose in association with AMPK activation. Moreover, treatment with HCE + metformin dramatically suppressed inflammation in HFD-fed animals via inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines (MCP-1 and IL-6) and LPS receptor (TLR4). Histopathological findings showed that exposure of HFD-treated animals to metformin + HCE ameliorated fatty liver, shrinkage of intestinal villi and adipocytes enlargement. Furthermore, HCE and metformin + HCE treatments markedly modulated the abundance of gut Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Bacteriodetes fragilis, but not universal Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusions: Overall, HCE and metformin cooperatively exert their therapeutic effects via modulation of gut microbiota, especially reduction of Gram-negative bacteria, resulting in alleviation of endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Wang
- Department of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | | | - Na Rae Shin
- Department of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hojun Kim
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