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Tasnim A, Alkislar I, Hakim R, Turecek J, Abdelaziz A, Orefice LL, Ginty DD. The developmental timing of spinal touch processing alterations predicts behavioral changes in genetic mouse models of autism spectrum disorders. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:484-496. [PMID: 38233682 PMCID: PMC10917678 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Altered somatosensory reactivity is frequently observed among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Here, we report that although multiple mouse models of ASD exhibit aberrant somatosensory behaviors in adulthood, some models exhibit altered tactile reactivity as early as embryonic development, whereas in others, altered reactivity emerges later in life. Additionally, tactile overreactivity during neonatal development is associated with anxiety-like behaviors and social behavior deficits in adulthood, whereas tactile overreactivity that emerges later in life is not. The locus of circuit disruption dictates the timing of aberrant tactile behaviors, as altered feedback or presynaptic inhibition of peripheral mechanosensory neurons leads to abnormal tactile reactivity during neonatal development, whereas disruptions in feedforward inhibition in the spinal cord lead to touch reactivity alterations that manifest later in life. Thus, the developmental timing of aberrant touch processing can predict the manifestation of ASD-associated behaviors in mouse models, and differential timing of sensory disturbance onset may contribute to phenotypic diversity across individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniqa Tasnim
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilayda Alkislar
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Hakim
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josef Turecek
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amira Abdelaziz
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren L Orefice
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David D Ginty
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Pramanik S, Bala A, Pradhan A. Zebrafish in understanding molecular pathophysiology, disease modeling, and developing effective treatments for Rett syndrome. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3677. [PMID: 38380785 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare but dreadful X-linked genetic disease that mainly affects young girls. It is a neurological disease that affects nerve cell development and function, resulting in severe motor and intellectual disabilities. To date, no cure is available for treating this disease. In 90% of the cases, RTT is caused by a mutation in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2), a transcription factor involved in the repression and activation of transcription. MECP2 is known to regulate several target genes and is involved in different physiological functions. Mouse models exhibit a broad range of phenotypes in recapitulating human RTT symptoms; however, understanding the disease mechanisms remains incomplete, and many potential RTT treatments developed in mouse models have not shown translational effectiveness in human trials. Recent data hint that the zebrafish model emulates similar disrupted neurological functions following mutation of the mecp2 gene. This suggests that zebrafish can be used to understand the onset and progression of RTT pathophysiology and develop a possible cure. In this review, we elaborate on the molecular basis of RTT pathophysiology in humans and model organisms, including rodents and zebrafish, focusing on the zebrafish model to understand the molecular pathophysiology and the development of therapeutic strategies for RTT. Finally, we propose a rational treatment strategy, including antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA technology and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Pramanik
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Asis Bala
- Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences; Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), An Autonomous Institute Under - Department of Science & Technology (Govt. of India) Vigyan Path, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ajay Pradhan
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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3
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Gao F, Yuan WH, Wu SB, Wang ZB, Zhu GQ, Zhou MQ. Electroacupuncture in the treatment of IBS in rats: investigation of the mechanisms of CRH + neurons in the paraventricular nucleus. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:380-391. [PMID: 37435647 PMCID: PMC10625839 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00156.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) is well documented to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the mechanism of the central nervous system related to IBS and acupuncture stimulation is still not well known. In this study, a rat model of IBS was established by cold-restraint comprehensive stresses for 15 days, and it was found that the levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), corticosterone (CORT), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the peripheral serum were increased; the visceral sensitivity was enhanced; and the intestinal motility was accelerated, specifically, there was an enhancement in the discharge frequency of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). EA treatment for 3 days, 20 min/day, alleviated the increase in the levels of CRH, CORT, and ACTH in the peripheral serum of rats, reduced the visceral sensitivity of IBS rats, and inhibited colon movement and discharge frequency of the neurons in the PVN. In addition, EA could reduce the excitability of CRH neurons and the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2) in PVN. At the same time, the expression of CRH, CRHR1, and CRHR2 in the peripheral colon was decreased. Taken together, EA appears to regulate intestinal functional activity through the central CRH nervous system, revealing the central regulation mechanism of EA in IBS rats, and providing a scientific research basis for the correlation among the meridians, viscera, and brain.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The purpose of this research was to determine the central regulatory mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) in rats with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Our results showed that combined with the serum changes in corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), corticosterone (CORT), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), the improvement of IBS by EA was related to them. Furthermore, EA could regulate intestinal functional activity through the central CRH+ nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Hua Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Sheng-Bing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | | | - Guo-Qi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Mei-Qi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Tasnim A, Alkislar I, Hakim R, Turecek J, Abdelaziz A, Orefice LL, Ginty DD. The developmental timing of spinal touch processing alterations and its relation to ASD-associated behaviors in mouse models. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.09.539589. [PMID: 37214862 PMCID: PMC10197556 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.539589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Altered somatosensory reactivity is frequently observed among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Here, we report that while multiple mouse models of ASD exhibit aberrant somatosensory behaviors in adulthood, some models exhibit altered tactile reactivity as early as embryonic development, while in others, altered reactivity emerges later in life. Additionally, tactile over-reactivity during neonatal development is associated with anxiety-like behaviors and social interaction deficits in adulthood, whereas tactile over-reactivity that emerges later in life is not. The locus of circuit disruption dictates the timing of aberrant tactile behaviors: altered feedback or presynaptic inhibition of peripheral mechanosensory neurons leads to abnormal tactile reactivity during neonatal development, while disruptions in feedforward inhibition in the spinal cord lead to touch reactivity alterations that manifest later in life. Thus, the developmental timing of aberrant touch processing can predict the manifestation of ASD-associated behaviors in mouse models, and differential timing of sensory disturbance onset may contribute to phenotypic diversity across individuals with ASD.
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Kamel AS, Mohamed AF, Rabie MA, Elsherbiny ME, Ahmed KA, Khattab MM, Abdelkader NF. Experimental Evidence for Diiodohydroxyquinoline-Induced Neurotoxicity: Characterization of Age and Gender as Predisposing Factors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020251. [PMID: 35215363 PMCID: PMC8879898 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Though quinoline anti-infective agents-associated neurotoxicity has been reported in the early 1970s, it only recently received regulatory recognition. In 2019, the European Medicines Agency enforced strict use for quinoline antibiotics. Thus, the current study evaluates the relation between subacute exposure to diiodohydroxyquinoline (DHQ), a commonly misused amebicide, with the development of motor and sensory abnormalities, highlighting age and gender as possible predisposing factors. Eighty rats were randomly assigned to eight groups according to their gender, age, and drug exposure; namely, four control groups received saline (adult male, adult female, young male, and young female), and the other four groups received DHQ. Young and adult rats received DHQ in doses of 176.7 and 247.4 mg/kg/day, respectively. After 4 weeks, rats were tested for sensory abnormality using analgesiometer, hot plate, and hind paw cold allodynia tests, and for motor function using open field and rotarod tests. Herein, the complex behavioral data were analyzed by principal component analysis to reduce the high number of variables to a lower number of representative factors that extracted components related to sensory, motor, and anxiety-like behavior. Behavioral outcomes were reflected in a histopathological examination of the cerebral cortex, striatum, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve, which revealed degenerative changes as well demyelination. Noteworthy, young female rats were more susceptible to DHQ’s toxicity than their counterparts. Taken together, these findings confirm previous safety concerns regarding quinoline-associated neurotoxicity and provide an impetus to review risk/benefit balance for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; (A.S.K.); (A.F.M.); (M.A.R.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Ahmed F. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; (A.S.K.); (A.F.M.); (M.A.R.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Mostafa A. Rabie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; (A.S.K.); (A.F.M.); (M.A.R.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Marwa E. Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City 12566, Egypt;
| | - Kawkab A. Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud M. Khattab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; (A.S.K.); (A.F.M.); (M.A.R.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Noha F. Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; (A.S.K.); (A.F.M.); (M.A.R.); (M.M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Gallucci A, Patterson KC, Weit AR, Van Der Pol WJ, Dubois LG, Percy AK, Morrow CD, Campbell SL, Olsen ML. Microbial community changes in a female rat model of Rett syndrome. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110259. [PMID: 33548354 PMCID: PMC8724884 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder that is predominantly caused by alterations of the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. Disease severity and the presence of comorbidities such as gastrointestinal distress vary widely across affected individuals. The gut microbiome has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as a regulator of disease severity and gastrointestinal comorbidities. Although the gut microbiome has been previously characterized in humans with RTT compared to healthy controls, the impact of MECP2 mutation on the composition of the gut microbiome in animal models where the host and diet can be experimentally controlled remains to be elucidated. By evaluating the microbial community across postnatal development as behavioral symptoms appear and progress, we have identified microbial taxa that are differentially abundant across developmental timepoints in a zinc-finger nuclease rat model of RTT compared to WT. We have additionally identified p105 as a key translational timepoint. Lastly, we have demonstrated that fecal SCFA levels are not altered in RTT rats compared to WT rats across development. Overall, these results represent an important step in translational RTT research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallucci
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24014, United States of America; Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - K C Patterson
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - A R Weit
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Life Sciences Building Room 213, 970 Washington St. SW, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - W J Van Der Pol
- Biomedical Informatics, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - L G Dubois
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, United States of America
| | - A K Percy
- Department of Pediatrics, Neurology, Neurobiology, Genetics, and Psychology, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
| | - C D Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - S L Campbell
- Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America.
| | - M L Olsen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Life Sciences Building Room 213, 970 Washington St. SW, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America.
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Abstract
Autistic subjects frequently display sensory anomalies. Those regarding nociception and its potential outcome, pain, are of crucial interest. Indeed, because of numerous comorbidities, autistic subjects are more often exposed to painful situation. Despite being often considered as less sensitive, experimental studies evaluating this point are failing to reach consensus. Using animal model can help reduce variability and bring, regarding autism, an overview of potential alterations of the nociceptive system at the cellular and molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Ruelle-Le Glaunec
- CNRS, 5 rue Blaise-Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France - Université de Strasbourg, Institut des neurosciences cellulaires et intégratives, UPR 3212, 8 allée du Général Rouvillois, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Perrine Inquimbert
- CNRS, 5 rue Blaise-Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France - Université de Strasbourg, Institut des neurosciences cellulaires et intégratives, UPR 3212, 8 allée du Général Rouvillois, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Rémy Schlichter
- CNRS, 5 rue Blaise-Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France - Université de Strasbourg, Institut des neurosciences cellulaires et intégratives, UPR 3212, 8 allée du Général Rouvillois, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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Vigli D, Cosentino L, Pellas M, De Filippis B. Chronic Treatment with Cannabidiolic Acid (CBDA) Reduces Thermal Pain Sensitivity in Male Mice and Rescues the Hyperalgesia in a Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome. Neuroscience 2020; 453:113-123. [PMID: 33010341 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurologic disorder, characterized by severe behavioural and physiological symptoms. RTT is caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene in about 95% of cases and to date no cure is available. Recent evidence suggests that non-euphoric phytocannabinoids (pCBs) extracted from Cannabis sativa may represent innovative therapeutic molecules for RTT, with the cannabinoid cannabidivarin having beneficial effects on behavioural and brain molecular alterations in RTT mouse models. The present study evaluated the potential therapeutic efficacy for RTT of cannabidiolic acid (CBDA; 0.2, 2, 20 mg/kg through intraperitoneal injections for 14 days), a pCB that has proved to be effective for the treatment of nausea and anxiety in rodents. This study demonstrates that systemic treatment with the low dose of CBDA has anti-nociceptive effects and reduces the thermal hyperalgesia in 8 month-old MeCP2-308 male mice, a validated RTT mouse model. CBDA did not affect other behavioural or molecular parameters. These results provide support to the antinociceptive effects of CBDA and stress the need for further studies aimed at clarifying the mechanisms underlying the abnormal pain perception in RTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Vigli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Cosentino
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Pellas
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca De Filippis
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Adcock KS, Blount AE, Morrison RA, Alvarez-Dieppa A, Kilgard MP, Engineer CT, Hays SA. Deficits in skilled motor and auditory learning in a rat model of Rett syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2020; 12:27. [PMID: 32988374 PMCID: PMC7523346 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rett syndrome is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a mutation in the gene MECP2. Individuals with Rett syndrome display developmental regression at an early age, and develop a range of motor, auditory, cognitive, and social impairments. Several studies have successfully modeled some aspects of dysfunction and Rett syndrome-like phenotypes in transgenic mouse and rat models bearing mutations in the MECP2 gene. Here, we sought to extend these findings and characterize skilled learning, a more complex behavior known to be altered in Rett syndrome. METHODS We evaluated the acquisition and performance of auditory and motor function on two complex tasks in heterozygous female Mecp2 rats. Animals were trained to perform a speech discrimination task or a skilled forelimb reaching task. RESULTS Our results reveal that Mecp2 rats display slower acquisition and reduced performance on an auditory discrimination task than wild-type (WT) littermates. Similarly, Mecp2 rats exhibit impaired learning rates and worse performance on a skilled forelimb motor task compared to WT. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings illustrate novel deficits in skilled learning consistent with clinical manifestation of Rett syndrome and provide a framework for development of therapeutic strategies to improve these complex behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Adcock
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA.
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA.
| | - Abigail E Blount
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
| | - Robert A Morrison
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
| | - Amanda Alvarez-Dieppa
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
| | - Michael P Kilgard
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
| | - Crystal T Engineer
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
| | - Seth A Hays
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA
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Flores Gutiérrez J, De Felice C, Natali G, Leoncini S, Signorini C, Hayek J, Tongiorgi E. Protective role of mirtazapine in adult female Mecp2 +/- mice and patients with Rett syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2020; 12:26. [PMID: 32988385 PMCID: PMC7523042 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rett syndrome (RTT), an X-linked neurodevelopmental rare disease mainly caused by MECP2-gene mutations, is a prototypic intellectual disability disorder. Reversibility of RTT-like phenotypes in an adult mouse model lacking the Mecp2-gene has given hope of treating the disease at any age. However, adult RTT patients still urge for new treatments. Given the relationship between RTT and monoamine deficiency, we investigated mirtazapine (MTZ), a noradrenergic and specific-serotonergic antidepressant, as a potential treatment. METHODS Adult heterozygous-Mecp2 (HET) female mice (6-months old) were treated for 30 days with 10 mg/kg MTZ and assessed for general health, motor skills, motor learning, and anxiety. Motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, and amygdala were analyzed for parvalbumin expression. Eighty RTT adult female patients harboring a pathogenic MECP2 mutation were randomly assigned to treatment to MTZ for insomnia and mood disorders (mean age = 23.1 ± 7.5 years, range = 16-47 years; mean MTZ-treatment duration = 1.64 ± 1.0 years, range = 0.08-5.0 years). Rett clinical severity scale (RCSS) and motor behavior assessment scale (MBAS) were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS In HET mice, MTZ preserved motor learning from deterioration and normalized parvalbumin levels in the primary motor cortex. Moreover, MTZ rescued the aberrant open-arm preference behavior observed in HET mice in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and normalized parvalbumin expression in the barrel cortex. Since whisker clipping also abolished the EPM-related phenotype, we propose it is due to sensory hypersensitivity. In patients, MTZ slowed disease progression or induced significant improvements for 10/16 MBAS-items of the M1 social behavior area: 4/7 items of the M2 oro-facial/respiratory area and 8/14 items of the M3 motor/physical signs area. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence that long-term treatment of adult female heterozygous Mecp2tm1.1Bird mice and adult Rett patients with the antidepressant mirtazapine is well tolerated and that it protects from disease progression and improves motor, sensory, and behavioral symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Flores Gutiérrez
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri, 5 - 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio De Felice
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Natali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri, 5 - 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Leoncini
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100, Siena, Italy.,Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Cinzia Signorini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Joussef Hayek
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100, Siena, Italy.,Pediatric Speciality Center "L'Isola di Bau", 50052 Certaldo, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Tongiorgi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri, 5 - 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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11
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Zhang X, Lin JS, Spruyt K. Sleep problems in Rett syndrome animal models: A systematic review. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:529-544. [PMID: 32985711 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the discovery of Rett Syndrome (RTT) genetic mutations, animal models have been developed. Sleep research in RTT animal models may unravel novel neural mechanisms for this severe neurodevelopmental heritable rare disease. In this systematic literature review we summarize the findings on sleep research of 13 studies in animal models of RTT. We found disturbed efficacy and continuity of sleep in all genetically mutated models of mice, cynomolgus monkeys, and Drosophila. Models presented highly fragmented sleep with distinct differences in 24-hr sleep/wake cyclicity and circadian arrhythmicity. Overall, animal models mimic sleep complaints reported in individuals with RTT. However, contrary to human studies, in mutant mice, attenuated sleep delta waves, and sleep apneas in non-rapid eye movement sleep were reported. Future studies may focus on sleep structure and EEG alterations, potential central mechanisms involved in sleep fragmentation and the occurrence of sleep apnea across different sleep stages. Given that locomotor dysfunction is characteristic of individuals with RTT, studies may consider to integrate its potential impact on the behavioral analysis of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zhang
- INSERM - School of Medicine, University Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Jian-Sheng Lin
- INSERM - School of Medicine, University Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Karen Spruyt
- INSERM - School of Medicine, University Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
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12
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Adcock KS, Chandler C, Buell EP, Solorzano BR, Loerwald KW, Borland MS, Engineer CT. Vagus nerve stimulation paired with tones restores auditory processing in a rat model of Rett syndrome. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:1494-1503. [PMID: 32800964 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rett syndrome is a rare neurological disorder associated with a mutation in the X-linked gene MECP2. This disorder mainly affects females, who typically have seemingly normal early development followed by a regression of acquired skills. The rodent Mecp2 model exhibits many of the classic neural abnormalities and behavioral deficits observed in individuals with Rett syndrome. Similar to individuals with Rett syndrome, both auditory discrimination ability and auditory cortical responses are impaired in heterozygous Mecp2 rats. The development of therapies that can enhance plasticity in auditory networks and improve auditory processing has the potential to impact the lives of individuals with Rett syndrome. Evidence suggests that precisely timed vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with sound presentation can drive robust neuroplasticity in auditory networks and enhance the benefits of auditory therapy. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of VNS paired with tones to restore auditory processing in Mecp2 transgenic rats. METHODS Seventeen female heterozygous Mecp2 rats and 8 female wild-type (WT) littermates were used in this study. The rats were exposed to multiple tone frequencies paired with VNS 300 times per day for 20 days. Auditory cortex responses were then examined following VNS-tone pairing therapy or no therapy. RESULTS Our results indicate that Mecp2 mutation alters auditory cortex responses to sounds compared to WT controls. VNS-tone pairing in Mecp2 rats improves the cortical response strength to both tones and speech sounds compared to untreated Mecp2 rats. Additionally, VNS-tone pairing increased the information contained in the neural response that can be used to discriminate between different consonant sounds. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that VNS-sound pairing may represent a strategy to enhance auditory function in individuals with Rett syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Adcock
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA; The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Collin Chandler
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA; The University of Texas at Dallas, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Buell
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA; The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Bleyda R Solorzano
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Kristofer W Loerwald
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Michael S Borland
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA; The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Crystal T Engineer
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Biomedical Device Center, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA; The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA; The University of Texas at Dallas, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, 800 West Campbell Road BSB11, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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13
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Cordone V, Pecorelli A, Amicarelli F, Hayek J, Valacchi G. The complexity of Rett syndrome models: Primary fibroblasts as a disease-in-a-dish reliable approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Smith ES, Smith DR, Eyring C, Braileanu M, Smith-Connor KS, Ei Tan Y, Fowler AY, Hoffman GE, Johnston MV, Kannan S, Blue ME. Altered trajectories of neurodevelopment and behavior in mouse models of Rett syndrome. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 165:106962. [PMID: 30502397 PMCID: PMC8040058 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the x-linked gene coding for methyl-CpG-biding-protein 2 (MECP2) and that mainly affects females. Male and female transgenic mouse models of RTT have been studied extensively, and we have learned a great deal regarding RTT neuropathology and how MeCP2 deficiency may be influencing brain function and maturation. In this manuscript we review what is known concerning structural and coinciding functional and behavioral deficits in RTT and in mouse models of MeCP2 deficiency. We also introduce our own corroborating data regarding behavioral phenotype and morphological alterations in volume of the cortex and striatum and the density of neurons, aberrations in experience-dependent plasticity within the barrel cortex and the impact of MeCP2 loss on glial structure. We conclude that regional structural changes in genetic models of RTT show great similarity to the alterations in brain structure of patients with RTT. These region-specific modifications often coincide with phenotype onset and contribute to larger issues of circuit connectivity, progression, and severity. Although the alterations seen in mouse models of RTT appear to be primarily due to cell-autonomous effects, there are also non-cell autonomous mechanisms including those caused by MeCP2-deficient glia that negatively impact healthy neuronal function. Collectively, this body of work has provided a solid foundation on which to continue to build our understanding of the role of MeCP2 on neuronal and glial structure and function, its greater impact on neural development, and potential new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dani R Smith
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Charlotte Eyring
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Maria Braileanu
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, The Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Karen S Smith-Connor
- The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yew Ei Tan
- Perdana University Graduate School of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amanda Y Fowler
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | - Gloria E Hoffman
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | - Michael V Johnston
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mary E Blue
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Asgarihafshejani A, Nashmi R, Delaney KR. Cell-Genotype Specific Effects of Mecp2 Mutation on Spontaneous and Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Evoked Currents in Medial Prefrontal Cortical Pyramidal Neurons in Female Rett Model Mice. Neuroscience 2019; 414:141-153. [PMID: 31299345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutation in the X-linked MECP2 gene. Random X-inactivation produces a mosaic of mutant (MT) and wild-type (WT) neurons in female Mecp2+/- (het) mice. Many RTT symptoms are alleviated by increasing activity in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in RTT model mice (Howell et al., 2017). Using a GFP-MeCP2 fusion protein to distinguish WT from MT pyramidal neurons in mPFC we found cell autonomous (cell genotype specific) and non-autonomous effects of MeCP2 deficiency on spontaneous excitatory/inhibitory balance, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) currents and evoked activity. MT Layer 5 and 6 (L5, L6) neurons of male nulls, and MT L6 of het mice had reduced spontaneous excitatory synaptic input compared to WT in wild-type male (WTm), female (WTf) and het mice. Inhibitory synaptic charge in MT L6 equaled WT in 2-4-month hets. At 6-7 months inhibitory charge in WT in het slices was increased compared to both MT in het and WT in WTf; however, in hets the excitatory/inhibitory charge ratio was still greater in WT compared to MT. nAChR currents were reduced in L6 of nulls and MT L6 in het slices compared to WT neurons of het, WTm and WTf. At 2-4 months, ACh perfusion increased frequency of inhibitory currents to L6 neurons equally in all genotypes but increased excitatory inputs to MT and WT in hets less than WT in WTfs. Unexpectedly ACh perfusion evoked greater sustained IPSC and EPSC input to L5 neurons of nulls compared to WTm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raad Nashmi
- Dept. of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W2Y2
| | - Kerry R Delaney
- Dept. of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W2Y2.
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Fukuhara S, Nakajima H, Sugimoto S, Kodo K, Shigehara K, Morimoto H, Tsuma Y, Moroto M, Mori J, Kosaka K, Morimoto M, Hosoi H. High-fat diet accelerates extreme obesity with hyperphagia in female heterozygous Mecp2-null mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210184. [PMID: 30608967 PMCID: PMC6319720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutation of the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. Although RTT has been associated with obesity, the underlying mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, female heterozygous Mecp2-null mice (Mecp2+/- mice), a model of RTT, were fed a normal chow diet or high-fat diet (HFD), and the changes in molecular signaling pathways were investigated. Specifically, we examined the expression of genes related to the hypothalamus and dopamine reward circuitry, which represent a central network of feeding behavior control. In particular, dopamine reward circuitry has been shown to regulate hedonic feeding behavior, and its disruption is associated with HFD-related changes in palatability. The Mecp2+/- mice that were fed the normal chow showed normal body weight and food consumption, whereas those fed the HFD showed extreme obesity with hyperphagia, an increase of body fat mass, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance compared with wild-type mice fed the HFD (WT-HFD mice). The main cause of obesity in Mecp2+/--HFD mice was a remarkable increase in calorie intake, with no difference in oxygen consumption or locomotor activity. Agouti-related peptide mRNA and protein levels were increased, whereas proopiomelanocortin mRNA and protein levels were reduced in Mecp2+/--HFD mice with hyperleptinemia, which play an essential role in appetite and satiety in the hypothalamus. The conditioned place preference test revealed that Mecp2+/- mice preferred the HFD. Tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter mRNA levels in the ventral tegmental area, and dopamine receptor and dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein mRNA levels in the nucleus accumbens were significantly lower in Mecp2+/--HFD mice than those of WT-HFD mice. Thus, HFD feeding induced dysregulation of food intake in the hypothalamus and dopamine reward circuitry, and accelerated the development of extreme obesity associated with addiction-like eating behavior in Mecp2+/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Fukuhara
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Nakajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, North Medical Center, Kyoto, Prefectural University of Medicine, Yosa-gun, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Satoru Sugimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kodo
- Department of Pediatrics, North Medical Center, Kyoto, Prefectural University of Medicine, Yosa-gun, Japan
| | - Keiichi Shigehara
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Hidechika Morimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Masaharu Moroto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Jun Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Kitaro Kosaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Masafumi Morimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
| | - Hajime Hosoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto City, Japan
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Abstract
Rett Syndrome is a severe neurological disorder mainly due to
de novo mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene (
MECP2). Mecp2 is known to play a role in chromatin organization and transcriptional regulation. In this review, we report the latest advances on the molecular function of Mecp2 and the new animal and cellular models developed to better study Rett syndrome. Finally, we present the latest innovative therapeutic approaches, ranging from classical pharmacology to correct symptoms to more innovative approaches intended to cure the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Ehinger
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, 13385 Marseille, France
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18
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Patil SS, Suresh KP, Saha S, Prajapati A, Hemadri D, Roy P. Meta-analysis of classical swine fever prevalence in pigs in India: A 5-year study. Vet World 2018; 11:297-303. [PMID: 29657420 PMCID: PMC5891843 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.297-303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the overall prevalence of classical swine fever (CSF) in pigs in India, through a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data. Materials and Methods: Consortium for e-Resources in Agriculture, India, Google Scholar, PubMed, annual reports of All India Coordinated Research Project on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance, and All India Animal Disease database of NIVEDI (NADRES) were used for searching and retrieval of CSF prevalence data (seroprevalence, virus antigen, and virus nucleic acid detection) in India using a search strategy combining keywords and related database-specific subject terms from January 2011 to December 2015 in English only. Results: A total of 22 data reports containing 6,158 samples size from 18 states of India were used for the quantitative synthesis, and overall 37% (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.24, 0.51) CSF prevalence in India was estimated. The data were classified into 4 different geographical zones of the country: 20% (95% CI=0.05, 0.55), 31% (95% CI=0.18, 0.47), 55% (95% CI=0.32, 0.76), and 34% (95% CI=0.14, 0.62). CSF prevalence was estimated in northern, eastern, western, and southern regions, respectively. Conclusion: This study indicates that overall prevalence of CSF in India is much lower than individual published reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Patil
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), PBNO-6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K P Suresh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), PBNO-6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S Saha
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), PBNO-6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - A Prajapati
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), PBNO-6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - D Hemadri
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), PBNO-6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - P Roy
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), PBNO-6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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